Unit 7 Grammar 祈使句讲义与练习2021-2022学年牛津深圳版七年级英语下册

Unit 7 Grammar 祈使句
祈使句
是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、建议或劝告等的句子。

祈使句的主语一般是第二人称（you),但往往省略。

祈使句常常给人以“命令”他人的感觉，使人觉得唐突或莽撞。

祈使句一般不对比自己年长的人使用。

若使用，应加上please,或:使用相对委婉的语调。

例句：Open the window, please.请把窗户打开。

★祈使句的肯定形式
祈使句可以以be动词，实义动词和Let开头，其肯定形式为be动词/实义动词/Let+其他部分。

例如：
1. Be quiet，kids.孩子们，安静点。

2. Listen to me carefully, please.
请仔细听我说话。

3. Let’s tell her the truth.
让我们把实情告诉她吧。

★祈使句的否定形式
祈使句的否定形式为Don’t/Do not + be动词/实义动词/let+其他部分。

注意;let的否定形式还可以为Let’s + not+动词原形.
例如：
1. Don’t / Do not be late again.
不要再迟到了。

2. Don’t / Do not eat in the classroom.
不要在教室里吃东西。

3. Don’t / Do not let her leave alone.
不要让她独自离开。

4. Let’s not say anything about it.
对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说了。

★除了以上语法规则之外，还应注意社会规则和礼仪。

1.紧急状况。

例如：A girl fell into the lake. Help! Help!
一个女孩掉进湖里了。

救命啊！救命啊！
2.欢呼喝彩。

例如：Come on，Peter! Make another goal!
加油，彼得！再进一个球！
3.提出请求。

例如：Dad, buy me the bike, please!
爸爸，请给我买这个自行车吧！
【扩展】
a. 祈使句是一种具有较强交际功能的句型。

为了缓和语气，使表达更礼貌、更委婉，常在句首或句末加上please。

例如：1. Please call me when you get home.
到家后请给我打电话。

2. Go this way, please.
请走这边。

b. 祈使句的强调句型为Do+动词原形+其他部分。

例如：Do help me with this Maths question.
请务必帮我解答这道数学题。

【跟踪练习】
I.用括号内所给的词的适当形式填空。

1. The meeting is very important. ____________ (not be) late tomorrow.
2. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food. It’s not polite.
3. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming.
4. I’m too thirsty. Please____________ (give) me a glass of water.
5. ____________ (not, make) any noise. The baby is sleeping.
6. Please____________ (come) here before nine o’ clock tomorrow.
7. ____________ (not, let) him swim in the river. It’s dangerous.
感叹句
感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的句子，一般用how或what开头。

感叹句要I用降调，句末要用感叹号。

★由what引导的感叹句的结构
what引导的感叹句的结构为：What +;(a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语！在可数名词单数前加冠词a/an;在可数名词复数或不可数名词前，不加冠词a/an。

口语中感叹句常常可以省略主语和谓语。

例如：
1. What a clever boy he is! (可数名词单数)
他是多么聪明的一个男孩啊！
2. What an exciting film it is! (可数名词单数)
这是一部多么激动人心的电影啊！
3. What interesting books they are! (可数名词复数)
多么有趣的书啊！
4. What important news it is! (不可数名词)
多么重要的新闻啊！
★由how引导的感叹句的结构
how引导的感叹句的结构可以分为三种：How+形容词+ (a/an) +名词+ (主语）+谓语！；How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语！；How +主语+谓语！
例如：
1. How quiet a girl she is!
她是多么文静的一个女孩啊！
2. How fanny a story he told us!
他给我们讲了一个多么滑稽的故事啊！
3. How clever the cat is!
多么聪明的猫啊！
4. How hard they are working!
他们正在多么努力工作啊！
5. How time flies! 光阴似箭！
【跟踪练习】
II.用How或What (a/an)填空，完成感叹句。

8.____________ difficult homework we had yesterday!
9. ____________ cute dog it is!
10.____________ bad the weather in England is!
11.____________ excellent boy Tom is!
12.____________ happily the students are playing basketball in the playground!
13.____________ well she sings!
14. ____________ cool car .you have!
15.____________ scary these tigers are!
强化练习
I.根据中文意思完成句子，每空一词。

缩写算一词。

1.下次请小心点。

____________ ____________ next time，please.
2.这个男孩做作业是多么认真啊！
____________ ____________ the boy does his homework!
3.多么棒的主意啊！
____________ ____________ the idea is!
4.和你一起去欧洲旅行是多么令人兴奋的事情！
____________ ____________ ____________ thing it is to travel to Europe with you!
5.吃过晚饭后我们一起去剧场吧。

____________ ____________ to the theatre after dinner.
6.多么大的雨啊！
____________ heavy rain it is!
7.快点，否则你将错过公交车。

____________ ____________, or you will miss the bus.
II.根据短文内容，从括号中选择恰当的单词或词组。

It was a Saturday morning. When Mrs Green looked up into the sky, she smiled and said, “(8) ____________ (What a/How) fine day!”
She woke her son up at eight o’ clock and said,“Get up，Teddy. (9)____________ (Let’s going/Let’s go) to the zoo today. (10)____________ (Wash/Washing) your face and eat your breakfast quickly. We are going to New York by train.” Teddy was very happy, because he liked going to the zoo and taking a train. He said, “(11)____________ (How/What) exciting it is! I dreamed about the zoo last night, Mum.”
His mother was busy, but she stopped and asked, “Really? What did you do in your dream?”
“l saw my favourite animals pandas and monkeys and, I took lots of photos of them.
(12)____________ (What / How) lovely animals they were!” Teddy said happily.
短语梳理
英汉互译
1. come up____________
2. clean up____________
3. turn off____________
4. first prize____________
5. by the way____________
6. 遵守规则____________
7. 从早到晚____________
8. 整晚____________
9. 敲门____________
10. 使……干净____________
第四课时（Grammar)
I.连词成句。

1. bas ketball an it exciting what game is (!)
______________________________________________________________________
2. wire do hands not touch with that your wet (.)
______________________________________________________________________
3. tomorrow to remember to the remember book library the (.)
______________________________________________________________________
4. basketball well he how played (!)
______________________________________________________________________
5. herself her bedroom tidy her let by up ()
______________________________________________________________________ II.根据括号中的提示词，翻译句子。

6. 她哭得多伤心啊！(how)
______________________________________________________________________ 7.让我们帮助这些小狗找一个新家吧。

(let’s)
______________________________________________________________________ 8.孩子们，请翻到第45页。

（turn to)
______________________________________________________________________ 9.在白天不要开着灯。

(leave)
______________________________________________________________________ 10.多么高的一棵树啊！（what a)
______________________________________________________________________ III.按要求完成下列各题。

每空一词，缩写算一词。

11.The music is very wonderful.(改为感叹句）
____________ ____________music it is!
12.Let John get up early.(改为否定句）
____________ ____________ John get up early.
13.What a friendly girl she is!(改为同义句)
____________ ____________ a girl she is!
14.Will you please speak louder? (改为祈使句）
____________ ____________, please.
15.The children are singing and dancing happily. (改为感叹句）
____________ ____________ the children are singing and dancing!
IV.根据汉语意思补全句子，使短文完整、通顺。

每空词数不限。

Dear Anna,
Tm very happy to hear that you are coming to China to spend your holiday next week. (16) ____________ (多好的消息啊)！You can’t know how mch I miss you. I have made some great plans. Tm sure you will like them.
It is warm these days. It’s a good time for us to go camping in the mountains. So (17) ____________ (不要忘记带一些舒适的衣服). We can also ride a horse and milk a cow on the farm. (18) ____________ (那将是多么有趣啊)！Wow，I can’t wait.
My mother’s birthday is coming. I want to make a chocolate cake for her and I know that you are good at making cakes. (19) ____________ (请你教我做巧克力蛋糕）while you are here. (20) ____________ (请给我打电话) when you get to the airport.
Yours,
Lucy
第五课时（Writing)
假如你是Tom,你所在的班级很优秀，同学们各个都有特长，你作为班级中的一员而感到自豪，请你根据提示内容，以“My class”为诗歌标题，为你的班级写一首诗。

要求:60词左右，诗歌第一节和最后一节已给出，编写部分可适当发挥。

提示：
1.你们班是学校最优秀班级之一，同学们很可爱，学习也很用功，相互帮助；
2.玛丽擅长讲笑话来使我们开心；彼得喜欢擦黑板;约翰学习努力；露西经常帮助一些学生学习数学。

Step 1:
审题:根据写作任务及提示内容，可知本文要写一篇诗歌介绍你的班集体，下面我们通过思维导图对作文结构和内容进行如下分析：
总结：通过思维导图，可知本篇诗歌共分四节内容来写。

因为第一节内容和第四节内容已给出，我们只需要写出第二节和第三节的内容。

第二节主要介绍班级总的特征；第三节分别介绍四个同学的个性特征，现在就让我们一起开始动手写作吧！
Step 2:词汇激活
1.……之一____________
2. 勤奋的；努力的____________
3. 互相____________
4. 擅长____________
Step 3:组词成句
1. 它是整个学校里最优秀的班级之一。

________________________________________________
2. 他们总是相互帮助。

________________________________________________
3. 玛丽擅长讲笑话来使我们开心。

________________________________________________
Step 4:自己动手
My class
If you want to meet excellent students
With warm hearts,
Then come into our class
And I will tell you something about our class.
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________
So come to our class,
Just knock on the door.
You’ll be very welcome,
But we go to school at seven.
第六课时（More practice)
I.用所给单词的适当形式完成句子。

1. My grandpa runs every day to keep____________ (health).
2. When the Sun____________(come) up from the other side of the sea, all the people feel amazed.
3. You can hear different____________(sound) in the forest.
4. Thank you for helping us catch these ____________(thief).
5. It’s a kind of____________(danger) gas, so stay away from it.
6. Linda found this wallet on____________(she) way to school.
II根据More practice文章内容，进行综合填空。

The cleaner starts his day when the Sun (7)____________. He gets his broom and he is on his way. He (8)____________ things that people drop. He never stops working from dawn to dusk. He sweeps the streets and (9) ____________.He helps keep our city green. Night is falling, and the sky is dark. The only sounds are dogs that bark. The policemen (10)____________the streets all night to stop thieves and those who fight. It is (11) ____________, but they are brave. They help keep our city safe.
阅读训练营
Hello! My name is Natasha. I’m 12 years old and I live in Moscow. This summer vacation was great. My parents took me and my brother to Paris. We flew there on 15th July and stayed at my aunt’s house. The weather was very hot, almost 40 °C. However, I didn’t mind it because there were so many interesting things to see in Paris.
On Monday, we visited Disneyland. I met some cartoon characters (卡通人物）like Minnie and Mickey. My little brother and I took many photos of them. It was fun! On Wednesday, we visited the Louvre Museum and I really liked it! I saw one of the most famous pictures in the world — “Mona Lisa”.
In the evening we walked along the Avenue des Champs-Elysees. It’s a very beautiful street. My parents bought many gifts for their friends. On Friday, we visited the Eiffel Tower. It was a good place to enjoy the city. When we were there, we were so excited!
We came back home on the evening of 21st July. We were tired but happy.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

()1. How did Natasha go to Paris?
A. By car.
B. By bus.
C. By train.
D. By plane.
()2. Where did Natasha go first?
A. To Disneyland.
B. To the Eiffel Tower.
C. To the Louvre Museum.
D. To the Avenue des Champs-Elysees.
()3. How long did Natasha stay in Paris?
A. For three days.
B. For four days.
C. For six days.
D. For eight days.
()4. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Natasha has a brother.
B. Natasha bought many gifts for her friends in Paris.
C. Natasha saw the picture “Mona Lisa” on Wednesday.
D. Natasha and her family were very excited when they visited the Eiffel Tower.
()5. Why did the writer write the passage?
A. To tell us she likes traveling.
B. To give us some advice on traveling.
C. To show us her trip to Paris.
D. To ask us to go to Paris for a great I vacation.
非常解说
Jane is my good friend. She studies in Yucai Middle School. She is in Grade Seven now. She is a smart girl. She studies English very well, and she can sing many English songs.
At the age of four, she could only sing three English songs. Later，her mother asked a teacher to teach her to sing English songs. Now she sings very well. I like listening to her songs. I couldn’t sing any English songs two years ago. With her help, I can sing some English songs now.
Next Sunday is her birthday. On that day, her parents would like to have a birthday party for her in a restaurant. I plan to sing the song happy Birthday at her party. Jane will play the piano.
A lot of her friends will come to her party. I am sure that we will have a good time at the party.
根据短文内容，完成下列句子。

1. Jane is good at __________, and she can sing a lot of English songs.
2. Jane could only sing three English songs when she was__________.
The writer couldn’t sing English songs__________, but now he can sing some English songs.
4. Jane’s parents will have a birthday party for
Jane in a restaurant__________.
5. Jane is going to__________ at the party.。