小升初句子点点通：肯定句、否定句

年级六年级学科英语版本通用版
课程标题小升初句子点点通：肯定句、否定句
教学目标：
1. 掌握肯定句的语序和应用
2. 掌握否定句的语序和应用
3. 掌握肯定句与否定句之间的转化方法
知识梳理：
一、肯定句
1. 主语+动词
The sun rises.
I work.
2. 主语+系动词+表语
She is clever.
The fish tastes nice.
That sounds good.
3. 主语+动词+宾语
She speaks English.
He studies math.
4. 主语+动词+宾语+补语
He asked me to come earlier.
Time would prove me right.
5. 主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
He gave us a ball.
Mother made me a new dress.
提问：什么叫做双宾语？
带双宾语的动词或结构：
（1）与to连用：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell ,return, write, throw （2）与for连用：make, buy, do, get, sing, pay
（3）主语+动词+间接宾语+带疑问词的不定式：Can you tell me how to get to the library?
二、否定句
1. be动词的否定：be +not
（1）一般现在时：
主语为he, she, it: is not=isn't
主语为I: am not
主语为you, we, they：are not=aren't
（2）一般过去时：
主语为he, she, it, I：was not=wasn't
主语为you, we, they：were not=weren't
（3）一般将来时：
所有主语：won’t be
isn’t/am not/aren’t + going to be
（4）现在进行时：isn’t/ am not/ aren’t +doing
2. 实义动词的否定：
（1）一般现在时：主语为he, she, it: doesn’t +动词原形
其他主语：don’t +动词原形
（2）一般过去时：所有主语：didn’t+动词原形
（3）一般将来时：所有主语：won’t +动词原形
3. 带有情态动词的句子的否定：
can, may, must, need, dare, should +not +动词原形
4. 除not 以外的表示否定意义的词：
副词：hardly, seldom, little, neither
形容词：no, few, little
代词：nothing, nobody, none
例如：
He has few good friends here．
There is little water in the bottle．
I hardly believe it．
三、肯定句与否定句的转化
1. 在be动词（am/is/are）和情态动词（can, may, must…）后面加not，其他不动。

I can finish the work in an hour. 我能在1小时内完成这项工作。

→I can’t finish the work in an hour. 我不能在1小时内完成这项工作。

You must go with us. 你必须同我们一起去。

→You mustn’t go with us. 你不能同我们一起去。

We should help them. 我们应该帮助他们。

→We shouldn’t help them. 我们不必帮助他们。

【考题链接】
They are in the park.
_____________________________
He can play the guitar.
_____________________________
答案：They aren’t in the park. He can’t play the guitar.
2. 借助助动词don’t, doesn’t, didn’t, won’t后面加动词原形。

【考题链接】
I like the ducks.
___________________________________
She likes reading books.
__________________________________
He cleaned the classroom.
___________________________________
答案：I don’t like the ducks. She doesn’t like reading books.
He didn’t clean the classroom.
四、几个小淘气，大家要注意：
1. some变为any, 如：
There are some birds in the tree.→ There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是，若在表示邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。

例如：
Would you like some orange juice?
与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。

【考题链接】
I saw somebody in the classroom.
___________________________________________
2. and变为or，如：
I have a knife and a ruler.→ I don't have a knife or a ruler.
3. already变为yet，如：
I have been there already.→ I haven't been there yet.
4. 在陈述句中含有had better时，要把not加在better后面，动词原形前面。

例：You had better go with us．
把这个句子改为否定句，要把not加在better之后，g o之前，即：You had better not go with us．千万不要改成：You had not better to go with us．或You had better don't go with us．因为，要否定的是后面的动词不定式短语。

同时，had better后面要用动词原形。

5. 当陈述句中含有both＋名词或者both of＋名词作主语时，改为否定句时则用neither代替both，并且要注意谓语动词数的变化。

例如：Both of them work in the school library．
句子含有both，改为否定句时用neither代替both，同时谓语动词work改为works，即：Neither of them works in the school library．
例如：Both answers are right．
把这个句子改为否定句，用neither代替both，谓语动词are改为is，即：Neither answer is right．
【考题链接】
将下列各句变成否定句：
1. She is watching TV now.
2. We go to school on Sunday.
3. His father works hard.
4. Jack's mother is a nurse.
5. The cat runs fast.
6. They like reading books.
7. My grandpa gives me a hot dog.
8. Tom often walks to school.
9. I have a doll.
10. It is eating fish.
答案：
1. She isn’t watching TV now.
2. We don’t go to school on Sunday.
3. His father doesn’t work hard.
4. Jack's mother isn’t a nurse.
5. The cat doesn’t run fast.
6. They don’t like reading books.
7. My grandpa doesn’t give me a hot dog.
8. Tom doesn’t often walk to school.
9. I don’t have a doll.
10. It isn’t eating fish.
即学即练：
巩固练习：将下列句子改为否定句
1. We do morning exercises every day．
We _______ _______ morning exercises every day．
2. All of us can swim．
_______ _______ _______ can swim．
3. There is something wrong with my bike．
There _______ _______ wrong with my bike．
4. You may stay here before I come back．
You _______ _______ here before I come back．
5. Read the text after me．
_______ _______ the text after me．
6. Li Lei needs some help with his English．
Li Lei _______ _______ _______ help with his English．
7. He said he would go to Beijing the next week．
He _______ _______ _______ _______ go to Beijing the next week．
8. The bike has already been mended．
The bike _______ _______ mended _______．
9. I think it is going to rain tomorrow．
I _______ _______ _______ _______ going to rain tomorrow．
答案:
1. don't do
2. None of us
3. is nothing
4. mustn't stay
5. Don't read
6. doesn't need any
7. didn't say he would
8. hasn't been；yet
9. don't think it is
同步练习：（答题时间：45分钟）
一、把下列句子变成否定句。

1. I am Tom. ______________________________
2. He is nine. ______________________________
3. They are pupils. ______________________________
4. I can fly a kite. ______________________________
5. He can make a toy. _____________________________
6. You must go home now._____________________________
7. I like Jinan.
8. He likes swimming.
9. He has many books.
10. He has some books.
二、将下列句子由肯定句变为否定句
1. I like to watch TV.
.
2. Xiao Fang and I go to the library every Saturday.
.
3. Tim swims very well.
.
4. Mr. Smith has many books about the cars.
.
5. I want to play with my friends.
.
6. We feel cold today.
. 7. Bob reads English every day.
.
8. We do our homework at school.
9. Mr. White has two houses.
10. I’m old, but you’re young.
11. He was reading and I was writing.
12. He has a car.
13. He had some dictionaries.
14. You have to go with him.
15. He had some cake for breakfast.
16. We had a good holiday.
17. I can finish the work in an hour.
18. You must go with us.
19. We should help them.
20. He works in a bank.
答案：
一、把下列句子变成否定句。

1. I am not Tom.
2. He isn’t nine.
3. They aren’t pupils.
4. I can’t fly a kite.
5. He can’t make a toy.
6. You mustn’t go home now.
7. I don’t like Jinan.
8. He doesn’t like swimming.
9. He doesn’t have many books.
10. He doesn’t have any books.
二、下列句子由肯定句变为否定句
1. I don’t like to watch TV.
2. Xiao Fang and I don’t go to the library every Saturday.
3. Tim doesn’t swim very well.
4. Mr. Smith doesn’t have many books about the cars.
5. I don’t want to play with my friends.
6. We don’t feel cold today.
7. Bob doesn’t read English every day.
8. We don’t do our homework at school.
9. Mr. White doesn’t have two houses.
10. I’m not old, but you aren’t young.
11. He wasn’t reading and I was n’t writing.
12. He doesn’t have a car.
13. He didn’t have any dictionaries.
14. You don’t have to go wit h him.
15. He didn’t have any cake for breakfast.
16. We didn’t have a good holiday.
17. I can’t finish the work in an hour.
18. You mustn’t go with us.
19. We shouldn’t help them.
20. He doesn’t work in a bank.。