5月9日13:45--14:05Bureau Veritas针对光伏电子产品走向国际市场的解决方案
光伏检测机构国内外检测机构对比
一、国外同类检测技术机构1、德国技术监督协会(YUV集团),为太阳能光伏产品提供较完善的测试和认证服务,检测认证产品覆盖地面用晶体硅电池组件,地面用薄膜电池组件,接线盒,连接器,光缆、背板、逆变器,该集团承担全球70%以上的光伏组件测试和认证业务。
目前扬州光电产品检测中心作为其中国境内指定的测试实验室;2007年该集团在我国上海成了了光伏实验室,是我国唯一一家经DATECH认可并拥有100%光伏测试能力的专业机构。
2、ASU-PTL(美国亚利桑那州光伏检测室),是全球三大光伏认证检测室之一,也是美国唯一一家经过授权可进行光伏产品设计资质认证和型式认可的实验室。
3、VDE检测认证研究所(德国奥芬巴赫)是欧洲最有经验的第三方测试认证机构。
产品测试涵盖完整的光伏系统、光伏组件、功率逆变器、安装系统、连接器和电缆。
服务内容包括根据VDE和IEC标准的安全测试、环境试验、现场符合性监督/检查,并能颁发VDE、VDE-GS、VDE-EMC、CB证书。
4、美国安全检测实验室(UL),是一家独立的安全认证机构,全球首家制定光伏产品标准的第三方认证机构,也是CB体系下美国唯一一家具备核发和认可双重资格的国家认证机构,可颁发IECEE CB证书,2009年进入中国在苏州建立了光伏卓越技术中心,是UL在亚洲地区规模最大的光伏实验室。
5、Intertek天祥集团(英国)是世界上规模最大的消费品测试检验和认证公司之一,可依据CE、UL、CSA、IEC、EN标准进行检测,包括性能检测和安全检测,涉及晶体硅太阳能组件、薄膜太阳能组件、充电控制器、变极器等。
6、瑞士同标标准技术服务有限公司(SGS)7、欧洲委员会联合研究中心的环境可持续发展研究所8、法国国际检验局(BV)二、国内1、中国电子科技集团第十八研究所,是我国最大的综合性化学物理电源研究所、国防工程一类所,是我国成立最早的光伏测试单位,是世界上四个具有光伏计量基准标定资格的实验室之一。
中国光伏产业崛起中的外部因素——以欧盟对华光伏“双反”为例
中国光伏产业崛起中的外部因素——以欧盟对华光伏“双反”为例作者:王天坤来源:《新材料产业》 2018年第10期2018年,距欧盟对中国光伏产业举起“双反”调查“大棒”已满5年。
近日,一则消息吸引了我国光伏产业人士的眼球,该消息称:在欧盟对对中国光伏产业的“双反调查”5年期满之际,该调查申请人——欧洲光伏制造商联盟(EU ProSun)发起的“日落复审”,即反倾销措施执行满5年之前的合理时间内国内产业或其代表提出有充分证据的请求而由主管机关发起复审,若在该复审中主管机关确定终止反倾销税可能导致倾销和损害的继续或再度发生,则可继续征收反倾销税。
在复审期间,原反倾销税继续有效。
申请已经被欧盟委员会正式拒绝,这意味着欧盟对华光伏“双反”措施到期后将不再继续该项制裁。
事实上,2018年8月31日,欧盟委员会正式宣布将于9月3日取消对华光伏产品“双反”措施。
2012-2013年,美国和欧盟对中国光伏企业采取的“反补贴”和“反倾销”调查成为笼罩在中国光伏产业上空的阴霾,尽管中国商务部和相关企业多措并举、积极应对,李克强总理也在多个场合呼吁通过谈判和磋商的途径解决贸易争端,但很遗憾,最终“双反”大棒还是向我国光伏企业砸了下来。
5年前的这个时候,笔者的本科毕业论文写的正是《中国与欧美光伏产品贸易摩擦问题研究》。
时隔多年,当看到欧盟对华光伏“双反”措施终将取消,而中国光伏产业早已在寒冬中苏醒之际,特撰此文。
以对此次欧美对我国光伏“双反”过程的原因、影响,为以后类似的事件提供一些思考。
一、欧美光伏“双反”回顾“十二五”规划实施以来,我国太阳能光伏产业发展很迅速,国内市场的状况明显改善,政府的资金扶持和对该产业补贴的力度不断加强,我国的光伏产业整体前景大好。
不过,我国的光伏产业产品90%以上出口到国外,其中大部分出口到欧盟和美国。
以2010年为例,我国光伏产品出口总额约为305亿美元,其中对欧洲市场的出口额在200亿美元以上,约占出口总额的68%,对美国的出口额约为30亿美元,占出口总额的10%左右。
光伏发电项目建议书
光伏发电项目建议书【篇一:光伏农业项目建议书】xxx省xxx市xxx县林口铺并网光伏发电项目工程光伏生态产业规划提案编制人:xxx能投生态环境科技有限公司编制时间:2015年6月18日目录1.2.3. 项目名称........................................................................................................ .................................. 2 项目概述........................................................................................................ .................................. 2 项目意义........................................................................................................ . (3)3.1.3.2.3.3.3.4.4. 发展趋势 ....................................................................................................... .......................... 3 可持续再生能源发展 ....................................................................................................... ...... 3 光伏产业中的土地利用——光伏农业 ................................................................................. 5 结语 ....................................................................................................... .................................. 7 技术推广区域现状及前景 ....................................................................................................... . (7)4.1.4.2. 推广区域现状 ....................................................................................................... .................. 7 发展前景 ....................................................................................................... (12)5. 国内外研究现状及案例分析 (12)5.1.5.2.5.3.5.4.5.5.5.6. 案例一:内蒙古 ....................................................................................................... ............ 13 案例二:耳其科尼亚省科尼亚,位于安纳托利亚高原中南部农业区 ............................ 13 案例三:呈贡晨农生态园 ...................................................................................................13 案例四:xxx万家欢蓝莓山庄 .......................................................................................... 14 案例五:嵩明晨农农博园 ...................................................................................................15 案例分析 ....................................................................................................... ........................ 16 6.7. 项目定位........................................................................................................ ................................ 16 经营模式........................................................................................................ .. (17)7.1.7.2.7.3.7.4. 集光伏大棚果蔬(人生果)种植、粗加工、深加工、销售为一体 ................................ 17 以牧草种植、畜牧养殖为一体 ........................................................................................... 17 以农事参与与体验为一体 ...................................................................................................18 建盖光伏农业科普展示区,以观光和科普教育为一体 (20)8. 社会效应........................................................................................................ .. (20)9. 经济效应........................................................................................................ .. (20)1. 项目名称xxx省xxx市xxx县林口铺并网光伏发电项目工程光伏生态产业规划提案2. 项目概述作为光伏生态产业示范园项目,便是将太阳能发电、现代技术(农、林、牧业)、高效、有机的结合在一起。
惠普LaserJet Pro MFP M329, M428-M429 保修和法务指南说明书
1 服务与支持 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 HP 有限保修声明 .................................................................................................................................................................... 2 英国、爱尔兰和马耳他 ................................................................................................................................... 3 奥地利、比利时、德国和卢森堡 ................................................................................................................. 4 比利时、法国和卢森堡 ................................................................................................................................... 4 意大利 ..
《光伏发电站环境影响评价技术规范》(征求意见稿)
光伏发电站环境影响评价技术规范Technical Regulations for Environmental Impact Assessmentof Photovoltaic Power Station(征求意见稿)目次前言 (II)1 适用范围 (3)2 规范性引用文件 (3)3 术语和定义 (3)4 总则 (2)5 光伏电站环境影响识别 (3)6 光伏电站环境影响评价技术要求 (4)7 光伏电站环境现状调查与评价 (4)8 光伏电站环境影响预测与评价 (6)9 光伏电站公众参与 (9)10 光伏电站环境保护措施与对策 (9)11 光伏电站环境影响报告表的编制 (10)附录A(规范性附录)光伏电站环境影响报告表编制格式和要求 (13)前言为贯彻《中华人民共和国环境保护法》和《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》,规范和指导光伏电站环境影响评价工作,保护环境,减缓光伏电站环境影响,制定本标准。
本标准规定了光伏电站环境影响评价的一般性原则、内容、工作程序、方法和要求。
本标准的附录A为规范性附录。
本标准为首次发布。
本标准由国家能源局组织制订。
本标准主要起草单位:国电环境保护研究院。
光伏电站环境影响评价技术规范1 适用范围本标准规定了光伏电站新、改、扩建工程项目环境影响评价的一般性原则、内容、工作程序、方法和要求。
本标准适用于新建、改建和扩建的光伏电站建设项目,包括建筑一体化光伏发电工程。
2 规范性引用文件本标准内容引用了下列文件中的条款。
凡是不注日期的引用文件,其有效版本适用于本标准。
HJ/T 2.1 环境影响评价技术导则总纲HJ 2.2 环境影响评价技术导则大气环境HJ/T 2.3 环境影响评价技术导则地面水环境HJ 2.4 环境影响评价技术导则声环境HJ 19环境影响评价技术导则生态影响HJ 610环境影响评价技术导则地下水影响HJ/T 169 建设项目环境风险评价技术导则HJ/T 10.2辐射环境保护管理导则电磁辐射监测仪器和方法HJ/T 10.3 辐射环境保护管理导则电磁辐射环境影响评价方法与标准GB/Z 19964 光伏发电站接入电力系统技术规定环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法固体废物鉴别导则3 术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本标准。
Bureau Veritas(BV)环保专题讲义-SVHC53
Bureau Veritas Presentation 2011
16
Recall Cases
有成员国和成员国的自然人。法令一经生效,各成员国都必须执行,没有必要再制定相应的本 国法令。如REACH (No.1907/2006) 关于化学品注册、评估和许可的欧盟法律。
ii) 指令(Directives): 指令是针对成员国颁布的,不针对自然人,只有指令转变成各成 员国的法律才能对欧盟企业及个人构成强制力,它是指导性的文件来指导欧盟成员国按照指令 的要求来编写法规。
► Chemicals found in babies heat up REACH debate, GreenPeace
► 我们下一代将承受有害物质的遗祸 ► 这些有害物质能在食物链中积存 ► 绿色和平的报告中指出, 婴儿体內已
有化学品的存在 – REACH新法令的 热烈讨论
Bureau Veritas Presentation 2011
Metals 金属
Arsenic 砷 (As), Cadmium 镉 (Cd), Chromium 铬 (Cr), Hexavalent Chromium
六价铬 (Cr IV), Copper 铜 (Cu), Lead 铅 (Pb), Mercury 汞 (Hg) and Nickel 镍 (Ni) Restricted Substances in Packaging materials 包装物料內的受限物质
Bureau Veritas Presentation 2011
欧盟对华双反调查
目录绪言 (1)一.欧盟对华光伏产业“双反”调查的现状 (1)二.欧盟对华光伏产业“双反”调查的分析 (1)(一)欧盟对华光伏产业“双反”调查的贸易背景 (1)(二)欧盟对华光伏产业“双反”调查的原因 (2)(三)欧盟对华光伏产业“双反”调查的性质 (2)(四)欧盟对华光伏产业“双反”调查的特点 (2)(五)欧盟对华光伏产业“双反”调查的影响 (3)三. 欧盟对华光伏产业“双反”调查的反思 (3)(一)政府方面 (3)(二)企业方面 (4)结论 (5)参考文献 (5)浅析欧盟对华光伏产业“双反”案【摘要】“双反”调查是指对来自一个国家的进口产品同时进行反倾销和反补贴联合调查。
欧盟对华光伏产业“双反”调查已经成为当前经济热点话题。
本文简述了欧盟对华“双反”调查的现状,,分析了调查的贸易背景、原因、性质、特点和影响,指出欧盟与中国的贸易依存关系,以及在产能过剩、国内经济低迷的情况下欧盟对华光伏产业“双反”调查,这对双方的工业产值、就业等造成了严重影响;文中并提出了对这次“双反”调查的反思,强调政府要调整内部经济结构和企业要注重增强自身实力等。
【关键字】“双反”; 国际贸易; 出口; 内需ANALYSES “DOUBLE REVERSE” CASE OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC INDUSTRY OF EUROPEAN UNIONTO CHINAABSTRACT"Double reverse" survey refers to import products from a country anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigation at the same time. The "double reverse" survey of photovoltaic industry has become the current economic hot topic. This paper briefly describes the current situation of "double reverse" survey of European Union to China, analyzes the survey of the trade background, cause, nature, characteristics and influence, points out that the European Union and China's trade dependence, as well as in the case of excess production capacity, domestic economic downturn the European Union does "double reverse" survey of photovoltaic industry to China. The both sides of the industrial production, employment and so on are caused serious influence; In this paper, and puts forward some reflections on the "double reverse" survey, said the government should adjust the structure of internal economic and enterprise should pay attention to enhance their strength, etc.KEY WORDS:"Double reverse", international trade, export, domestic demand绪言近年来,随着全球经济复苏,国际贸易增多,我国频繁受到“双反”调查,目前,欧盟对华光伏产业的“双反”调查愈演愈烈,其有着深刻的政治和经济背景。
本特利使用说明书.
BH5000网络化实时监测诊断系统 ====使用指南 ====版本:V4.6.0.4北京博华信智科技发展有限公司2014年 04月目录1前言 .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1标识 (2)1.2BH5000网络化实时监测系统概 ................................................................... 2 1.2.1实时监测系统功能 .......................................................................................... 2 1.2.2实时监测系统特性 (3)1.3BH5000客户端软件概述 (4)2客户端软件的安装和配置 .............................................................................. 5 2.1客户端软件的安装 (5)2.2客户端软件的配置 (7)3基本操作指南 ................................................................................................ 10 3.1系统登录 ........................................................................................................ 10 3.2界面总览 ........................................................................................................ 10 3.3菜单栏 ............................................................................................................ 11 3.4快捷工具栏 .................................................................................................... 13 3.5功能模块抽屉式菜单栏 ................................................................................ 14 3.6导航栏 ............................................................................................................ 15 3.7绘图工具栏 .................................................................................................... 15 3.8操作页 ............................................................................................................ 16 3.9信息页 ............................................................................................................ 16 3.10图谱操作 ........................................................................................................ 17 3.10.1图谱新增毫秒显示 ........................................................................................ 17 3.10.2游标 ................................................................................................................ 17 3.10.3标注 ................................................................................................................ 17 3.10.4同步标注 ........................................................................................................ 18 3.10.5标点 ................................................................................................................ 18 3.10.6趋势操作 ........................................................................................................ 19 3.10.7复位 ................................................................................................................ 19 3.10.8打印 ................................................................................................................ 20 3.10.9保存图形 ........................................................................................................ 20 3.10.10切换 ................................................................................................................ 21 3.10.11显示报警线 .................................................................................................... 22 3.10.12纵坐标自动调整 ............................................................................................ 22 3.10.13锁定坐标 ........................................................................................................ 23 3.10.14手动修改坐标 (23)3.10.15图谱放大,关联更新 (24)3.10.16滚轮放大 (24)3.10.17自定义图谱布局 (25)3.10.18三维图谱 (26)3.10.19双击时间戳画图 (27)3.11设备树显示报警 ............................................................................................ 27 3.12设备树启停车状态显示 ................................................................................ 27 3.13设备树显示断网状态 .................................................................................... 28 3.14设备切换 ........................................................................................................ 28 3.15背景提示图 .................................................................................................... 29 3.16服务器状态切换 .. (30)3.17设备采集状态设置 (33)4旋转机械专用图谱 ........................................................................................ 34 4.1机组概貌图 .................................................................................................... 34 4.2振动监测 ........................................................................................................ 35 4.3振动历史比较图 ............................................................................................ 37 4.4单多值棒图 .................................................................................................... 38 4.5轴心轨迹 ........................................................................................................ 39 4.6轴心位置 ........................................................................................................ 42 4.7启停车图形 .................................................................................................... 43 4.8综合分析 ........................................................................................................ 45 4.9运行状态图 .................................................................................................... 49 4.10其它参数趋势图 ............................................................................................ 51 4.11全频谱 ............................................................................................................ 52 4.12二维全息谱图 ................................................................................................ 53 4.13三维全息谱图 ................................................................................................ 54 4.14旋转报警查询 (55)4.15现场动平衡 (57)5临时在线专用图谱 ........................................................................................ 59 5.1机组概貌图 .................................................................................................... 59 5.2动平衡响应分析 ............................................................................................ 59 5.3试车分析 ........................................................................................................ 60 5.4振动监测 ........................................................................................................ 62 5.5振动历史比较图 ............................................................................................ 62 5.6单多值棒图 (62)5.7轴心轨迹 (63)5.8轴心位置 ........................................................................................................ 63 5.9综合分析 ........................................................................................................ 63 5.10运行状态图 .................................................................................................... 63 5.11其他参数趋势图 ............................................................................................ 63 5.12旋转报警查询 ................................................................................................ 63 5.13全频谱图 ........................................................................................................ 63 5.14二维全息谱图 ................................................................................................ 63 5.15三维全息谱图 ................................................................................................ 63 5.16现场动平衡 (64)5.17倒谱图 (64)6往复机械专用图谱 ........................................................................................ 64 6.1机组概貌图 .................................................................................................... 64 6.2运行状态图 .................................................................................................... 65 6.3历史比较图 .................................................................................................... 67 6.4单值棒图 ........................................................................................................ 68 6.5活塞杆沉降 /偏摆监测 .................................................................................. 70 6.6活塞杆轨迹图 ................................................................................................ 71 6.7振动监测 ........................................................................................................ 72 6.8多参数分析 .................................................................................................... 74 6.9示功图 ............................................................................................................ 75 6.10综合监测 ........................................................................................................ 76 6.11其它参数趋势图 ............................................................................................ 77 6.12往复报警查询 ................................................................................................ 79 6.13应力监测 (80)6.14冲击诊断 (81)7风电专用图谱 ................................................................................................ 83 7.1机组概貌图 .................................................................................................... 83 7.2趋势分析 ........................................................................................................ 84 7.3冲击诊断 ........................................................................................................ 86 7.4转子类故障诊断 ............................................................................................ 89 7.5倒谱图 ............................................................................................................ 90 7.6单多值棒图 .................................................................................................... 92 7.7其它参数趋势图 ............................................................................................ 93 7.8风电报警查询 (94)8机泵专用图谱 ................................................................................................ 95 8.1机组概貌图 .................................................................................................... 96 8.2趋势分析 ........................................................................................................ 97 8.3冲击诊断 ........................................................................................................ 98 8.4转子类故障诊断 .......................................................................................... 101 8.5倒谱图 .......................................................................................................... 103 8.6单多值棒图 .................................................................................................. 104 8.7其它参数趋势图 (105)8.8机泵报警查询 (106)9在线报告报表 .............................................................................................. 108 9.1监测诊断报告 .............................................................................................. 108 9.2机组月报表 .................................................................................................. 110 9.3厂级报表 ...................................................................................................... 113 9.4振动参数报表 .............................................................................................. 113 10案例库模块 .................................................................................................. 115 10.1案例录入 ...................................................................................................... 115 10.1.1添加案例 ...................................................................................................... 117 10.1.2修改案例 ...................................................................................................... 121 10.1.3取消案例 ...................................................................................................... 121 10.2案例查询 ...................................................................................................... 121 10.2.1案例查询 ...................................................................................................... 122 10.2.2导出word .................................................................................................... 122 10.3案例审核 ...................................................................................................... 123 10.3.1案例查询 ...................................................................................................... 123 10.3.2修改案例 ...................................................................................................... 124 10.3.3审核案例 ...................................................................................................... 124 10.4检维修记录管理 .......................................................................................... 125 10.4.1添加检维修记录 .......................................................................................... 126 10.4.2修改检维修记录 .......................................................................................... 126 10.4.3删除检维修记录 .......................................................................................... 126 10.4.4导出word .................................................................................................... 127 10.5开停车记录管理 .......................................................................................... 127 10.5.1查询原始开停车记录 .................................................................................. 127 10.5.2添加开停车记录 .......................................................................................... 128 10.5.3修改开停车记录 (128)10.5.4删除开停车记录 .......................................................................................... 128 10.5.5开停车记录查询 (129)10.6基于案例诊断 (129)10.6.1诊断条件 (129)10.6.2相似度判断 .................................................................................................. 129 11系统维护和系统故障诊断 .......................................................................... 130 11.1客户端无法登陆 .......................................................................................... 130 11.2客户端看不到概貌图 .................................................................................. 131 11.3客户端提示请选择测点 .............................................................................. 131 11.4添加图谱出错 .............................................................................................. 131 11.5客户端查看不到历史数据库或不保存历史数据 ...................................... 131 11.6客户端图谱单位不正确 .............................................................................. 132 11.7客户端测点缸号不正确 .............................................................................. 132 11.8客户端不报警 .............................................................................................. 132 12附录 .............................................................................................................. 132 12.1旋转机械振动机理和诊断方法 .................................................................. 133 12.1.1机械设备振动监测的主要参数和定义 ...................................................... 133 12.1.2机械设备振动分析常用手段 . (138)1前言状态监测与故障诊断是在设备运行中或在基本不拆卸的情况下, 通过各种手段,掌握设备的运行状态,判定设备产生故障的部位和原因,并预测、预报设备未来的运行状态。
光伏组件能力检验方式
光伏组件能力检验方式通过观察实验室参加能力验证的表现,实验室客户、管理机构和评价机构可以了解实验室是否有能力胜任所从事的检测活动,监控实验室能力的持续状况,识别实验室之间的差异,为实验室管理提供信息。
不仅如此,实验室通过参加能力验证,可以了解自身能力,将其作为实验室内部质量控制的外部补充措施,从而满足持续改进的要求。
光伏实验室的检测能力与水平尚需进一步提升。
为了科学评估国内光伏组件实验室的检测能力,提高检测数据的准确性,需要通过国际通行的能力验证活动来推动和提高实验室的技术和管理水平,确定和核查实验室检测能力。
一、国内外光伏相关能力验证工作当前,在国际上常见的光伏产品能力验证计划并不多,各主要光伏生产国的国家计量机构不定期进行小型标准光伏器件的比对,其中较有影响力的一次是美国能源部组织的历时四年的PEP93国际标准太阳电池比对,全世界有10个国家的13个太阳能电池测试实验室参加,我国天津电源研究所参加了这次比对活动,并最终具有了光伏计量基准WPVS 的标定资格。
近几年,澳大利亚的IFMQualityServices组织了几次光伏组件的能力验证,但因样品传递周期过长而迟迟未有结果。
而一些拥有多家光伏检测实验室的国际大型认证机构,会不定期开展光伏产品检验能力的比对。
目前,在国内尚未有正式官方的针对光伏组件产品的能力验证活动,仅在检测机构中有少量的自行组织的实验室间比对活动,但国家相关主管部门充分关注光伏检测技术的发展水平。
近期,国家科技部在国家级课题“碳排放和碳减排评价机构认可关键技术”中的关于低碳产品检测数据质量控制关键技术研究与示范项目中包含了对光伏组件产品能力验证技术的研究,并将作为今后开展能力验证活动的重要依据。
同时,北京鉴衡认证中心工仃。
近期也正在筹备签约检测实验室的组件测试能力比对活动。
二、方案规划与设计光伏组件产品的能力验证作为一个全新的项目,在方案设计时,需根据样品本身的特性,制定出适于开展能力验证并达到预期目的的计划。
电子产品的国际市场准入规则考核试卷
3.中国的电子产品市场准入规则要求进行_______认证。
4.电子产品中的有害物质含量限制主要通过_______认证来实现。
5.电子产品的电磁兼容性评估主要通过_______认证来进行。
6.能源效率的认证在国际市场上通常以_______认证为代表。
20. B
二、多选题
1. ABCD
2. ABC
3. AB
4. ABCD
5. ABC
6. ABC
7. ABC
8. AD
9. ABC
10. ABC
11. AD
12. ABC
13. ABC
14. ABCD
15. ABC
16. ABCD
17. AB
18. ABCD
19. AC
20. ABCD
三、填空题
1. CE
A. CE认证
B. UL认证
C. ROHS认证
D. ISTA认证
二、多选题(本题共20小题,每小题1.5分,共30分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,至少有一项是符合题目要求的)
1.电子产品的国际市场准入规则主要包括以下哪些类型的认证?()
A.安全认证
B.电磁兼容认证
C.环保认证
D.品质认证
2.以下哪些认证是欧盟市场对电子产品要求的强制性认证?()
A. ANATEL认证
B. INMETRO认证
C. CE认证
D. FCC认证
13.以下哪些认证与电子产品的抗干扰性能相关?()
A. CE认证(电磁兼容性)
B. FCC认证
C. CSA认证
D. VCCI认证
14.以下哪些标志或认证体系关注产品的整体环境绩效?()
光伏组件ce认证标准
光伏组件ce认证标准
光伏组件的CE认证标准主要包括以下内容:
1. EN 50380:光伏组件的数据表和铭牌信息。
2. IEC 60891:温度和辐照度校正程序,用于测量晶体硅光伏器件的IV特性。
3. IEC :光伏器件-第1部分:光伏电流-电压特性的测量。
4. IEC :光伏器件-第2部分:参考太阳能电池的要求。
5. IEC :光伏器件-第3部分:具有参考光谱辐照度数据的地面光伏(PV)
太阳能装置的测量原理。
6. IEC :光伏器件-第4部分:参考太阳能器件-建立校准可追溯性的程序。
7. IEC :光伏器件-第5部分:用开路电压法测定光伏(PV)器件的等效电
池温度(ECT)。
8. IEC :光伏器件-第7部分:光伏器件测试中引入的光谱失配误差的计算。
9. IEC :光伏器件-第8部分:光伏(PV)器件光谱响应的测量。
10. IEC :光伏(PV)模块安全认证-第1部分:试验要求。
CE认证是一种安全认证标志,被视为制造商打开并进入欧洲市场的护照,CE代表欧洲统一(CONFORMITE EUROPEENNE)。
CE认证标准是构成
欧洲指令核心的“主要要求”,但并不代表一般质量要求,只限于产品不危及人类、动物和货品的安全方面的基本安全要求。
TUV认证--必维国际检验集团太阳能产品服务指南
French annual PV market Outlook until 2013
Bureau Veritas Presentation _ Date
9
光伏发展展望-政策导向
Global annual PV market Outlook per Region (Policy-Driven scenario)
认证 验货、审核 和评估
NRTL certification/NRTL认证: 美标认证 PV GAP certification/PV GAP认证: 通过IECEE CB体系,我们能够为您快速获得PV GAP认证标志 Pre-Shipment Inspection/装船前检验: 提供装船前验货服务,尤其专长于太阳能电池板方 面
针对所有组件及其安装和风险评估的完整审核 IEC60950 IEC60950, EN60204, EN50178 EN50091, IEC60950 IEC60950, EN50178, UL60950, CSA22.2-107
Bureau Veritas Presentation _ Date
Safety, EMC, risk assessment Safety, EMC Safety, EMC Safety, EMC;
绝缘测试服务优势bvlcie是全球为数不多的cbfcs认可机构之一遍布亚洲的验货工程师确保出货前检测的快捷周期服务能力通过bvlcie中国进行试验室测试通过bvlcie中国进行出货前检验19bureauveritaspresentationdatebv解决方案逆变器目标提供相关测试报告针对不同国家电网保护要求及相关法规要求的逆变器认证电网保护测必维国际检验集团旗下innova具有下列针对电网保护标准的太阳能风能逆变器测试资质获认可的国家获任认可的标准
阳光电源 SG110HX-CN 光伏并网逆变器用户手册说明书
3.1 拆包与检查 ................................................................................................. 13 3.2 逆变器存储 ................................................................................................. 13
表示有高度潜在危险,如果未能避免将会导致人员死亡或严重伤害的情况。
表示有中度潜在危险,如果未能避免可能导致人员死亡或严重伤害的情况。
表示有低度潜在危险,如果未能避免将可能导致人员中度或轻度伤害的情况。
II
表示有潜在风险,如果未能避免可能导致产品无法正常运行或造成财产损失的情况。 “说明”是手册中的附加信息,对内容的强调和补充,也可能提供了产品优化使用 的技巧或窍门,能帮助您解决某个问题或节省您的时间。
V
4.5.1 支架安装 ........................................................................................... 22 4.5.2 挂墙安装 .ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้......................................................................................... 23 4.6 安装逆变器 ................................................................................................. 24
光伏组件tuv认证标准
光伏组件tuv认证标准
光伏组件TUV认证标准是指通过TUV莱茵公司认证的光伏组件需要符合一系列严格的标准和要求。
TUV莱茵是国际知名的认证机构,其认证标准通常包括电气安全、防火性能、机械强度、环境适应性、可靠性等方面的要求。
具体而言,光伏组件TUV认证标准可能涉及组件的电气参数、材料的耐久性、防火性能测试、机械载荷测试等多个方面。
这些标准旨在确保光伏组件在安全、可靠、高效地发电的同时,也能在各种环境条件下长期稳定运行。
因此,通过TUV认证的光伏组件往往具有更高的质量和可靠性,能够获得更多市场认可。
TOPcon组件功率虚标,要警觉
随着双碳目标的提出,中国吹响了节能减排的冲锋号,目前光伏已经成为中国的第二大能源支柱。
根据国家能源局发布的光伏发电建设运行情况发布的数据显示,2023年上半年新增并网容量7842.3万千瓦,其中集中式光伏电站为3746万千瓦,分布式光伏为4096.3万千瓦。
随着近两年新型电池技术的产业化进度迅猛提速,市场上可供消费者选择的组件产品也日益丰富。
不同电池类型的组件产品,其功率测试所采用的“标尺”其实并不相同。
经过业界多年应用的PERC产品,其标尺业界统一,不同机构间的偏差较小;而如TOPCon等新产品标尺在业界尚未完全统一,不同机构间测出的功率数值现阶段存在着一定差异。
由于各检测机构尚未形成统一的标准,部分送检产品功率明显高出量产产品功率,组件功率虚标乱象开始大行其道。
根据中国计量院近期的调研巡标数据显示,发现一些机构对外标定组件功率的数据差距之大,令人目瞪口呆。
不同的第三方机构对同一块组件测出的功率数值与该组件的实际功率差异幅度不尽相同——在部分产品上,测出的功率数值会比实际功率高出近14W。
如果按目前1.3元/瓦左右的价格进行计算,消费者将要为这14W的测试误差付出近20元/每块组件的额外费用,更遑论电站装机量、发电量都被高估等带来的投资成本上升、收益率下降等后果。
由于不同第三方机构对于光伏组件标定的功率数据并不统一,且相差较大。
这使得有些光伏企业偏向选择虚标功率高的第三方机构。
什么是组件虚标功率呢?虚标功率,是指将组件的实际功率进行夸大宣传或者标高,标定的额定功率实际上小于使用功率的一种行为。
虚标功率主要可以分为两种形式:一种为在产品宣传上,大幅提高组件宣传功率,突破可达成的组件功率上限,制造一些功率噱头;另一种为在产品交付上,将低功率的组件标为高功率组件交付给客户,这在一定程度上甚至已经构成商业欺诈的行为。
商家虚标光伏组件功率的目的是什么呢?原来是目前光伏行业新产品功率标准并不统一,部分企业倾向于虚标高功率,以吸引客户购买。
TUV莱茵光伏工厂厂检介绍
TUV莱茵光伏工厂厂检介绍TUV莱茵光伏工厂厂检是一项对光伏工厂进行全面检测和评估的工作。
作为全球著名的第三方检验、认证和测试组织,TUV莱茵具有独立、客观、公正的评估能力,确保光伏工厂在生产中符合相关的质量、环境、职业健康安全等要求。
下面将从TUV莱茵光伏工厂厂检的背景、过程和意义等方面进行介绍。
首先,我们来了解一下TUV莱茵光伏工厂厂检的背景。
光伏工厂生产的光伏产品不仅应该满足国家和地区的技术标准,同时在国际市场上也需要符合各种认证标准。
光伏工厂厂检的目的是验证光伏产品的质量和性能,并确保工厂的生产能力和生产过程符合国际标准和客户需求。
通过TUV莱茵光伏工厂厂检,可以提高工厂产品的竞争力,增强市场信誉和声誉。
接下来,我们了解一下TUV莱茵光伏工厂厂检的过程。
首先,TUV莱茵会进行线下准备工作,包括资料审查和需求分析等。
然后,需要对工厂进行现场考察,对厂区环境、设备、工艺管控等方面进行检查。
同时,还需要对工厂的质量管理体系,包括质量手册、程序文件、记录等进行审查。
在检查过程中,TUV莱茵会采取抽样检验的方式对生产线上的产品进行检测,确保产品的质量和性能符合要求。
最后,TUV莱茵会根据评估结果提供评估报告,表明工厂的问题和改进措施。
最后,我们来了解一下TUV莱茵光伏工厂厂检的意义。
首先,TUV莱茵的认证具有国际公认性,通过其认证的光伏产品可以更容易地进入国际市场。
其次,通过TUV莱茵光伏工厂厂检,可以有效提升工厂的生产能力和效率,降低生产成本,增强企业的市场竞争力。
同时,工厂厂检还可以提高产品的质量和性能,减少产品缺陷和质量问题,提高用户满意度。
此外,工厂厂检还有助于促进工厂的可持续发展,提高工厂的环境保护和职业健康安全水平。
总之,TUV莱茵光伏工厂厂检是一项对光伏工厂进行全面检测和评估的工作,具有独立、客观、公正的评估能力。
通过TUV莱茵的认证,可以提高工厂的竞争力,增强市场信誉和声誉。
工厂厂检还能提高产品的质量和性能,减少产品缺陷和质量问题,提高用户满意度。
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Photovoltaics and Bureau VeritasMay 2008Christophe Pretavoine / Henri HEAbout Bureau VeritasMove forward with confidenceAbout Bureau Veritas► Created in 1828 ► A global leader in conformity► 创建于1828 ► 符合性评估服务的全球先锋,涉及领域包括assessment services in the areas of quality, health and safety, environment and social responsibility (QHSE)Network of more than 700 offices in 140 countries Over 32,000 skilled employees质量,健康和安全,环境和社会责任。
140个国家超过700个办公室的工作网络 超过32,000个专业的员工 ► 八大全球业务提供全套化服务。
服务包括:检验,测试,审核,认证, 船舶入 级, 风险管理,咨询和培训。
► 为全球终端市场的280,000个不同领域的客户► Eight global businesses providinga complete set of servicesServices include: Inspection, testing, audit, certification, classification, risk management, outsourcing, consulting and training services服务。
GSIT 8% Consumer Products 13% Marine 11% Industry 13%► Servicing 280,000 customers across awide range of end marketsAsia Pacific & Middle East 22%Africa 5%Americas 18%Certificatio n 12%In-Service Verificatio n 13% HSE 10%Constructi on 20%Europe 55%Bureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview3A Solid Growth Track Record/稳固的增长追踪记录Revenue Growth: Last 10 Years 收入增长:过去十年2 000Adjusted Operating Profit Growth: Last 10 Years 调整过的营业利润增长:过去十年3001 846Adjusted Operating Profit (€m)1 700Revenue (€m)1 4001 100R 1 422 AG C ue 1 283 en ev R 1 145 1 012% 15 :1 647250200150ted jus Adof Pr g ti n ra e Op:2 GR 244 A it C2%268204 171137 106 86850800619500695 72210045562 53 595036200 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007E0 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007ETen years of continuous double–digit growth and profit improvements Ten years of continuous double–digit growth and profit improvements Revenue expanded by a multiple of 4 and adjusted operating profit by 7 Revenue expanded by a multiple of 4 and adjusted operating profit by 7Bureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview4Bureau Veritas in China►Yangzi River Three Gorge reservoir’s essential part: 14 waterpower dynamos have been produced and installed under the supervision and inspection from Bureau Veritas;长江三峡核心部分的14台水轮发电机组从生产到安装均是在 Bureau Veritas的监督和审验下完成的。
As the world’s leading third party certification issuing institution and second party quality control institution in global nuclear electricity industry, Bureau Veritas proactively participated in China nuclear Industry Exhibition and engaged broad communication with many international and domestic experts;作 为全球核电领域领先的第三方发证检验和第二方质量控制机构,Bureau Veritas 积极参与了中国核工业展,期间我司电力部门的同事与国内和国际核电领域的众 多专家进行了深入交流。
► Bureau Veritas was honored the highest authorized award with the theme of “Energy Saving and EuP principle ”. --- “Green Environmental Protection Award – Green Manufacturing and Accelerating Enterprise ” during the 2ND Annual Conference of China Green Manufacture 2008 held successfully in Beijing on March 25th.,”; Bureau Veritas获得了代表中国电子电气领域最高的权威奖项 — “中电绿环奖-绿色制造和推进企业”在3月25日于北京召开的“2008(第二届)中国 绿色制造年会” 。
此次年会主题围绕“电子电器产品节能减排暨EuP指令应对策略” 展开。
►Bureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview5Photovoltaics BackgroundWhat Is It, How Does It Work?Why Photovoltaics?► In one minute, the sun provides enough energy to supply the world'senergy needs for one year. is find a way to use it.► The sun's energy is free, and the supply is abundant. All we need to do ► Imagine an electricity-generating device with a long lifetime and lowmaintenance costs with no moving parts, noise, emissions, or fuel lines.► Now imagine that this device is actually the walls, roof, and windows ofyour building-the same structure that keeps out the rain, heat, snow, and cold. PV is here and a very real part of the construction industry today.Bureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview7Stand-alone solar electricity or Solar Home Systems (SHS)►Stand-alone solar electricity systems or solar home systems (SHS) are used when no electricity grid is available. A battery is needed to ensure the availability of electricity at night or at periods with little bright sunlight. Solar Home Systems are often used to cover the electricity needs of a household. Small systems cover the most basic needs (lighting and sometimes TV or radio), larger systems can also power a water pump, wireless phone, refrigerator, electric tools (drill, sewing machine, etc) and a VCR.►►►1. solar modules / panels 2. controller 3. battery 4. appliancesBureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview8Grid-connected solar electricity systems►When the electricity grid is available but electricity from a clean source (solar) is desired, solar panels can be connected to the grid. Provided that sufficient panels are placed, the appliances in the house/building will then run on solar electricity. A grid-connected solar electricity system basically consists of one or more solar panels, an inverter, cables, the electric load and a support structure to mount the solar panels.►►1. solar modules / panels 2. inverter 3. grid 4. appliancesBureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview9Back-up PV systems►Solar electricity back-up systems are used when electricity from the grid is available but unreliable. The solar electric back-up system can be used to provide electric power during periods when there is no electricity from the grid (blackouts). A small solar electric back up system can provide electric power to cover the most important needs such as lighting, computer and telecommunication (phone, radio, fax, etc) equipment. A larger system can be sized to power the fridge during a black out.►►1. solar modules / panels 2. inverter 3. battery 4. grid 5. appliances►Bureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview10Additional PV Applications► Hybrid Power Systems: Hybrid systemstypically include some combination of PV, wind, and diesel generators, along with controlling electronics and battery storage. The reasons for these systems include making maximum use of the available resources (wind and sun), serving critical loads (telemetry and communications), and supplementing existing equipment (reducing the duty cycle of an existing diesel generator). powered consumer products (calculators, etc.) use very small amorphous silicon PV devices to provide the power necessary for their operations. have been used to power satellites and space probes since the Vanguard I launch in 1958. The critical issues in space power systems are weight and reliability: weight, because of the high cost of boosting equipment into space; and reliability, because servicing a system is difficult (impossible, until recently) and expensive. Because these issues are more important than cost, the technologies are typically more exotic than those used in terrestrial systems.► Consumer Product Power: Most solar-► Space Power Systems: Photovoltaic systemsBureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview11Photovoltaics – Bureau VeritasOur target products1st Gen PV: Crystalline Silicon► Cells: Semiconductor device thatconverts sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity circuits sealed in an environmentally protective laminate and are the fundamental building block of PV systems► Modules: PV modules consist of PV cell► Panels: PV panels include one or morePV modules assembled as a pre-wired, field-installable unit► Array: A PV array is the complete power-generating unit, consisting of any number of PV modules and panelsBureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview132nd Gen PV: Thin Film PV Cells► The main barrier to the mass market takeup of solar power is the cost of solar cells. Numerous consortia aim to make it possible for manufacturers to halve the cost of solar energy. light trapping and extending the amount of sunlight converted to electricity, and grain boundary engineering. structures, and in silicon processing by laser processing and high materials utilisation sputtering. film peel and stick photovoltaic (PV) panels that cover a large area on the front face of ThyssenKrupp building in Germany. machines similar to those used in newspaper production.► Efficiency improvements will come from► Costs will be reduced by using ultra-thin► Examples of Thin film in use include thin-► It is made on football field-sizedBureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview14PV: Inverters► A photovoltaic inverter changes direct current(DC) from a solar cell array to alternating current (AC), synchronizes with a grid and feeds the energy into the grid, mostly a public utility grid. The opposite to these grid connected systems are island systems, which build their own grid and keep it running (keeping phase and frequency stable). of a Photovoltaic (PV) system, as it has a wider range of functions to perform than any other component in the system. the PV modules, the load and the grid (or batteries). It also has to cope with variations in the electricity it receives due to varying levels of solar radiation, varying loads and varying grid voltages. meeting the complicated sets of regulations relating to electrical safety and power quality. making the job of inverter manufacturers many times more complicated that they would be in an ideal world.► The inverter is by far the most complicated partA linear bank of PV inverters (FRONIUS)► The inverter has to act as the interface between► The inverter takes most of the burden of► These regulations vary from country to country,Inverters handle power from a 35 kW system on the roof of the offices of Drs Charles Boniske and Daniel Watrous, Visalia, California (SMA)Bureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview15PV: Batteries► Batteries accumulate excess energycreated by your PV system and store it to be used at night or when there is no other energy input. used for PV systems, because:Low initial cost Available worldwide► Lead-Acid Batteries are most commonly► Battery Options: Shallow cycle batteries, eg, car batteries, not a good choice for a PV system. Deep cycle batteries are designed to be repeatedly discharged by as much as 80 percent of their capacity so they are a good choice for power systems. Sealed deep-cycle lead-acid batteries are maintenance free. They never need watering or an equalization charge. They cannot freeze or spill, so they can be mounted in any position. Sealed batteries require very accurate regulation to prevent overcharge and over discharge. Sealed batteries are well-suited for remote, unattended power systems.Battery bank provides backup for a PV system when there is no sun.Bureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview16Photovoltaics : Market RequirementsOur solution for Compliance RequirementsPV Market Size► World solar photovoltaic (PV) marketLocation of Solar Manufacturersinstallations reached a record high of 1,744 megawatts (MW) in 2006, representing growth of 19% over the previous year.Germany's grid connect PV market grew 16% to 960 Megawatts in 2006 and now accounts for 55% of the world market. While Japan's market size barely advanced last year, Spain and the United States were the strong performers. The Spanish market was up over 200% in 2006, while the US market grew 33%.30 25 20 Number 15 10 5 0 Europe North America location Modules Inverters Asia RoW► Global industry revenues were $12bn in2006► Worldwide industry revenues of between$18bn and $39bn by 2011 are predicted.Bureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview18PV Compliance Requirements for InvertersRequirements► Europe: CE marking (EMC (EN61000) & Safety) GS Mark (Safety – needed for German ► USA/Canada NRTL/SCC (Safety against UL 1741, FCC Part ??) ► National deviations (Grid Protection): Germany (VDE 0126-1-1) France Italy (DK 5940) Spain (RD 1663) UK (G83/1) Australia (AS 47777.x) Greece Czech RepublicOur Solution►Europe:EMC Testing GS Safety Testing & Certification (for generator up to 5 kW):clients)►USA/Canada:UL 1741 Testing: TUV RL NRTL/C: Additional Country Certificate Costs Assuming One Report Done (others also available – please ask) Germany (testing and certificate): France (additional measurements + French certificate): Italy (Italian Report + Certificate): Spain (Spanish Report with additional testing): UK (English Report and Certificate): Australia (English Report and Certificate): Greece (additional measurement + Greek Certificate): Czech Republic (English Certificate – English Report Required):Bureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview19PV Compliance Requirements for ModulesRequirements► Mandatory Underneath LVD requirements for EU ► Voluntary International: • • • USA: • UL 1741 IEC 61215 (Wafer) IEC 61646 (Thin Film) IEC 61730-1 and -2Our Solution►TestingInternational: a 4-6 month program Europe: CE declaration +Safety class II►CertificationGS Mark: IECEE PV: Surveillance Test / Inspection (1 per year) PV GAP: charged at costEurope:► Certification Marks • • • GS Mark (61215/61646 + 61730) IECEE PV (involves annual audit as FCS) PV GAPBureau Veritas Electrical and Electronic Products Services -- PV Overview20Requirements►IEC 61427:1999 Secondary cells for solar photovoltaic energy systemsGeneral requirements and test methods►99/240906 DC BS EN 50314-1.Photovoltaic systems. Charge regulators.Part 1. Safety. Test requirements andprocedures►99/240907 DC BS EN 50314-2.Photovoltaic systems. Charge regulators.Part 2. EMC. Test requirements andprocedures►99/240908 DC BS EN 50314-3.Photovoltaic systems. Charge regulators.Part 3. Performance. Test requirements and procedures►99/240909 DC BS EN 50315-1.Accumulators for use in photovoltaicsystems. Part 1. Safety. Testrequirements and procedures►99/240910 DC BS EN 50315-2.Accumulators for use in photovoltaicsystems. Part 1. Performance. Testrequirements and procedure Our Solution►Battery testing covers:z charge/discharge cyclingz"abusive tests" (overcharging, deep discharge, short circuit, and mechanical tests like crash, drop test...)z climatic tests (low, high temp...)z mechanical tests (vibration, shocks...)...►This standard refers to IEC 60896 (lead acid), 61056 (portable lead acid), 60622 (nickelcadmium) and 60623 (nickel cadmium) that we know very well.Testing►Price is between 15K and 25K Euros and takes around 3 months►We are seeking extension in CB scope for batteries►Our main equipment for these testing are : charge / discharge benches, monitoring ofmany parameters like currents, temperatures, voltages for long period of time. Not sure if any other lab in E&E is equipped with these kind of facilities.z Often these tests are long term ones : many months for charge / discharge tests (ageing).PV Compliance Requirements for BatteriesPV Inverter Test Overview►Main focus of our unique service is re: disconnection / grid protection.Examples of tests we perform include:z Disconnection timesz Over / Under Voltagez Over / Under Frequencyz Loss of Mains Protectionz Re-connectionIEC 61215 Overview►Process: CENER test process as per diagramz 3.1 Samplingz 3.2 Qualification tests• 3.2.0 Preconditioning 5kWhm-2• 3.2.1 Initial diagnosis tests (Visual Inspection /Maximum power determination / Insulation test / Wetleakage current test)• 3.2.2 Sequence A• 3.2.3 Sequence B• 3.2.4 Sequence C• 3.2.5 Sequence D• 3.2.6 Final diagnosis tests (Visual Inspection / Maximum power determination / Insulation test / Wet leakagecurrent test)z 3.3 Final Report►Duration: circa 4-6 months from receipt of samplesz8 samples needed for testing / 2 samples kept by test lab for 5 years。