2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海理工大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：34

2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海理工大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编
押题第五期（含答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
The paper gave a clear ______ of the theory of relativity.
问题1选项
A.exposition
B.exposure
position
D.demonstration
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A项exposition“博览会；阐述”，B项exposure“暴露，曝光”，C项composition“作文，作曲，作品”，D项demonstration“示范，证明，示威游行”。

根据关键词paper“论文”和the theory of relativity“相对论”可知，a demonstration of“证明”符合语境。

句意：这篇论文对相对论作了明确的论证。

因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.
单选题
______ my return, I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back for several hours.
问题1选项
A.At
B.On
C.With
D.During
【答案】B
【解析】固定搭配题。

on one’s return表示“在……回来的时候”。

3.
单选题
According to the report, three suspects escaped from the local police station and are still ______.
问题1选项
A.in large
B.at large
C.by and large
rgely
【答案】B
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A项in large“大规模的”，B项at large“详尽的，未被捕的”，C项by and large“大体地”，D项largely“主要地，大部分”。

根据关键词suspects（嫌疑人）和police station （派出所）可推断，空格处应该表示“未被捕”的意思，四个选项中只有B选项能表达出句子的意思。

句意：据报道，三名嫌疑人从当地派出所逃跑，目前仍在逃。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

4.
填空题
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion (∧) in the correct place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and be sure to put a slash (/) in the
blank. Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our period. 1. Period → Time
Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature as a 2. Having → /
school object are valid for study of television.
3. ∧study → the
We frequently hear that drinking a small amount of coffee can
be healthy, This always comes back to the evidence where some 1. ______
coffee-drinking is a common behavior among long-lived, healthy
people across populations. News stories tend to interpret this
evidence optimistically, reported that coffee may be good for you. 2. ______
In reality, it might just be an interesting correlation. Randomized,
controlled trials on nutrition are extreme difficult to conduct, as the 3. ______
effects of dietary changes are complex and often takes years, if not 4. ______
a lifetime, to reveal themselves.
Those who claim that coffee is healthful tend to point to those 5. ______
high level of antioxidants. But antioxidant supplements have not
been proved to correlate with health and longevity. Antioxidants
represent a vast spectrum of substances. Vitamin E is an 6. ______
antioxidant, and taking Vitamin- E supplements has been shown to
increase men’s risk of prostate cancer.
If coffee does have an affect on longevity, it is likely a result 7. ______
of something more global than the potential effect of antioxidants
—such the fact that constant exposure to caffeine, even at low 8. ______
levels, suppresses appetite (in a world where most people eat more
than is ideal). Or that it encourages social interaction - it inclines
us to go out and do things with people - which itself is generally
beneficial with health. These are legitimately positive results. But 9. ______
as with all chemicals, the comprehensive effect of caffeine on our
health depends on how, and how many, we use it. 10. ______ 【答案】1.where → that
2.reported → reporting
3.extreme → ext remely
4.takes → take
5.to → out
6.vast → broad
7.affect → effect
8.∧the → as
9.with → to
10.many → much
【解析】1.考查同位语从句。

evidence后面的从句是用来补充说明evidence，所以应该是一个同位语从句；而where是用来修饰地点的定语从句，故将where改为that。

2.考查非谓语动词。

report的逻辑主语是new stories，它们之间是主动的关系，所以report应该用现在分词形式表示伴随。

3.考查副词使用。

根据句子“controlled trials on nutrition are extreme difficult to conduct”可知，extreme和difficult都是形容词，形容词无法修饰另外一个形容词，故应将extreme改为extremely。

4.考查主谓一致。

根据句子“as the effects of dietary changes are complex and often takes years”可知，take的主语是the effects of dietary changes，是复数形式，因此take应该和主语保持一致，故把takes改为take。

5.考查词组。

point to多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，意为“指向”，to是介词，着重于指的方向；而后面的those high level of antioxidants表示“高度抗氧化剂”，这个句子的意思是“那些声称咖啡有益健康的人往往指出咖啡中含有大量的抗氧化剂”，所以把point to改为point out合适。

6.考查形容词使用。

vast表示“广阔的，巨大的”；a vast spectrum of表示“广泛的光谱”这与句子意思不符合；应该将vast改为broad，a broad spectrum of固定搭配，表示“广泛的”。

7.考查动词词性辨析。

根据句子可知affect在句中是作名词，而affect是动词，表示“影响”；如果要用名词应该改为effect“影响”；have an effect on表示“对……有影响”。

8.考查固定搭配。

根据句子可知破折号后面是举例，而such as为固定搭配，表示“例如，比如”；所以应该在such后面加入as。

9.考查固定搭配。

Be beneficial to固定搭配，表示“对……有益”，所以应该把with改为to。

10.考查副词用法。

本句中的how many是修饰it，即前面的caffeine“咖啡因”，这是一个不可数名词，不能用many来修饰，故应该将many改为much。

5.
单选题
The Department of Resources notified the town council that the water supply was ______.
问题1选项
A.contemplated
B.contaminated
C.contemned
D.consulted
【答案】B
【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A项contemplate“沉思，注视”，B项contaminate“污染”，C项contemn“蔑视，侮辱”，D项consult“请教，商议”。

根据关键词water supply“水源”可知，最搭配的是B项。

句意：资源部门告知市议会，水源受到污染。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.
单选题
They have had a good harvest for three years in ______.
问题1选项
A.line
B.end
C.row
D.succession
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A项line“线”，in line表示“协调，有秩序”；B项end“结束，末尾”；C 项row“行，排”，in row表示“行内的，在行内”；D项succession“连续，继位”，in succession 表示“接连地，连续地”。

根据前面的句子They have had a good harvest for three years“他们已经有三年的大丰收了”可知，D项符合语境。

句意：他们连续三年获得了大丰收。

因此，该题选择D项正确。

7.
单选题
What’s hot for 2007 among the very rich? A $7.3 million diamond ring. A trip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals. Oh, and income inequality.
Sure, some leftist billionaires like George Soros have been railing against inequality for years. But increasingly, centrist and right-wing billionaires are starting to worry about income inequality and the fate of the middle class.
In December, Mortimer Zuckerman wrote a column in U. S. New & World Report, which he owns, “Our nation’s core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,” lamented the 117th-richest man in America. “Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder. Average income for a house-hold of people of working age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a row.” He noted that “Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankruptcy.”
Wilbur Ross Jr. has echoed Zuckerman’s anger over the bitter struggles faced by middle-class Americans. “It’s an outrage that any American’s life expectancy should be shortened simply because the company they worked for went bankrupt and ended health-care coverage,” said the former chairman of the International Steel Group.
What’s happening? The very rich a re just as trendy as you and I, and can be so when it comes to politics and policy. Given the recent change of control in Congress, the popularity of measures like increasing the minimum wage, and efforts by Californian’s governor to offer universal health care, these guys don’t need their own personal weathermen to know which way the wind blows. It’s possible that plutocrats are expressing solidarity with the struggling middle class as part of an effort to insulate themselves from confiscatory tax policies. But the prospect that income inequality will lead to higher taxes on the wealthy doesn’t keep plutocrats up at night. They can live with that.
No, what they fear was that the political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be more difficult in the United States because of what has happened to the distribution of income and economic insecurity.
In other words, if middle-class Americans continue to struggle frantically as the ultra wealthy grow ever wealthier, it will be increasingly difficult to maintain political support for the free flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. And when the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods, it’s likely to encourage reciprocal action abroad. For people who buy and sell companies, or who allocate capital to markets all around the world, that’s the real nightmare.
61. What is the current topic of common interest among the very rich in America?
62. What do we learn from Mortimer Zuckerman’s lamentation?
63. From the fifth paragraph we can learn that ______.
64. What is the real reason for plutocrats to express solidarity with the middle class?
65. What may happen if the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods?
问题1选项
A.The fate of the ultra-wealthy people.
B.The disintegration of the middle class.
C.The inequality in the distribution of wealth.
D.The conflict between the left and the right wing.
问题2选项
A.Many middle-income families have failed to make a bargain for better welfare.
B.The American economic system has caused many companies to go bankrupt.
C.The American nation is becoming more and more divided despite its wealth.
D.The majority of Americans benefit little from the nation’s growi ng wealth.
问题3选项
A.the very rich are fashion-conscious
B.the very rich are politically sensitive
C.universal health care is to be implemented throughout America
D.Congress has gained popularity by increasing the minimum wage
问题4选项
A.They want to protect themselves from confiscatory taxation.
B.They know that the middle class contribute most to society.
C.They want to gain support for global economic integration.
D.They feel increasingly threatened by economic insecurity. 问题5选项
A.The prices of imported goods will inevitably soar beyond control.
B.The investors will have to make great efforts to re-allocate capital.
C.The wealthy will attempt to buy foreign companies across borders.
D.Foreign countries will place the same economic barriers in return.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:B
第4题:C
第5题:D
【解析】61.细节事实题。

题干意思是“当前美国富人共同感兴趣的话题是什么？”。

第二段提到But increasingly, centrist and right-wing billionaires are starting to worry about income inequality and the fate of the middle class.（但越来越多的中间派和右翼亿万富翁开始担心收入不平等和中产阶级的命运），可知当前美国富人共同感兴趣的话题是收入不平等和中产阶级的命运，所以C项“财富分配的不平等”正确。

A项“超级富豪的命运”和D项“左翼和右翼之间的冲突”在文中没有提到；B项“中产阶级的解体”太片面，美国富人担心的是国家与中产阶级的核心交易的瓦解。

因此，该题选择C项正确。

62.推理判断题。

题干意思是“我们从Mortimer Zuckerman的悲叹中学到了什么？”。

根据题干定位到文章第三段，原文提到Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder. Average income for a house-hold of people of working age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a row.（我们的大部分经济收益都流向了收入阶梯最顶端的人；相比之下，工薪阶层家庭的平均收入却连续5年下降），可推断，尽管国家财富增长，但大多流向了收入最顶端的人，大部分的美国人得到的越来越少，故D项“大多数美国人从国家不断增长的财富中获益甚少”正确，由此也可知A项“许多中等收入家庭未能争取到更好的福利”错误；第三段最后一句讲到Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduce them to bankruptcy.（数以千万计的美国人生活在恐惧之中，担心一个重大的健康问题就会让他们破产），由此可知B项“美国的经济体制已经导致许多公司破产”表述与原文不符；C项“美国国家变得越来越分裂，尽管它很富有”在该段没有提到。

因此，该题选择D项正确。

63.推理判断题。

题干意思是“从第五段我们可以了解到……”。

第五段第二句提到The very rich are just as trendy as you and I, and can be so when it comes to politics and policy. （富人和你我一样适应潮流，在政治和政策方面也可以如此），可以推断，富人在政治和政策方面也非常敏感，故B 项“非常富有的人在政治上很敏感”正确。

A项“非常富有的人有时尚意识”是文中的一个比较，用来突出富人在政治方面的敏感性，该项不选；由and efforts by Californian’s governor to offer universal health care（以及加州州长提供全民医疗保健的努力）这一句可知，C项“全民医疗保健将在整个美国实施”表述错误；D项“国会通过提高最低工资获得了欢迎”，文中只提到了国会提高最低工资等措施的流行，并没有描述它的欢迎程度。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

64.细节事实题。

题干意思是“富豪们表达与中产阶级团结一致的真正原因是什么？”。

根据第六段No,
what they fear was that the political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be more difficult in the United States because of what has happened to the
distribution of income and economic insecurity.（不，他们担心的是，由于收入分配不均和经济不安全，美国面临的持续支持全球经济一体化的政治挑战将更加困难）可知，富豪们表达与中产阶级团结一致的真正原因是想得到全球经济一体化的支持，故C项“他们希望获得对全球经济一体化的支持”正确。

由第五段最后一句But the prospect that income inequality will lead to higher taxes on the wealthy doesn’t keep plutocrats up at night. They can live with that.（但收入不平等将导致对富人增税的前景不会让富豪们夜不能寐，他们承受得了）可知，A项“他们想保护自己不被没收”和D 项“他们感到越来越受到经济不安全感的威胁”不符合原文；B项“他们知道中产阶级对社会贡献最大”在文中没有提及。

因此，该题选择C项正确。

65.细节事实题。

题干意思是“如果美国对外国投资者和外国商品设置障碍，会发生什么？”。

由最后一段倒数第二句And when the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods, it’s likely to encourage reciprocal action abroad.（当美国为外国投资者和外国商品设置障碍时，很可能会鼓励国外的对等行动）可知，如果美国对外国投资者和外国商品设置障碍，其他国家也会采取相应的措施，故D项“外国将设置同样的经济壁垒作为回报”正确。

A项“进口商品的价格将不可避免地飙升到无法控制的程度”、B项“投资者将不得不做出巨大的努力来重新配置资本”和C项“富人将试图跨越国界购买外国公司”在文中都未提及。

因此，该题选择D项正确。

8.
单选题
If I ______ for a job, I ______ the advertisement columns every morning.
问题1选项
A.was looking...had read
B.were looking...could read
C.looked…should had read
D.were looking...would read
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。

根据句子中的关键词every morning“每天早上”可知，本句考查的是对现在事实相反的假设，if从句中动词用一般过去时，be动词用were，主句谓语动词为should/would/could + 动词原形，所以A、C两项可以排除；根据语境可知，情态动词选择would最符合句意。

句意：如果我在找工作，我会每天早上看广告栏。

因此，该题选择D项正确。

9.
单选题
Professor Smith’s new invention has created a great ______ on the campus.
问题1选项
A.sensation
B.selection
C.imitation
D.irrigation
【答案】A
【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A项sensation“感觉，轰动”，B项selection“选择，挑选”，C项imit ation“模仿，仿造”，D项irrigation“灌溉”。

根据句子关键词new invention“新发明”可知，空格处填入A项符合语境。

句意：史密斯教授的新发明在校园里引起了很大的轰动。

因此，该题选择A项正确。

10.
单选题
Can a novelist remain ______ to the problems of the world in which he lives?
问题1选项
A.impartial
B.indifferent
C.careless
D.detached
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A项impartial“公正的，没有偏见的”，B项indifferent“冷漠的，漠不关心的”，C项careless“粗心的，无忧无虑的”，D项detached“分离的，分开的”。

根据关键词novelist“小说家”和the problems of the world in which he lives“自己所生活的世界的问题”可知，A项符合语境。

句意：小说家能对他所处世界上的问题不偏不倚吗？因此，该题选择A项正确。

11.
单选题
______ is your substitution of someone else for yourself in regard to asking for your legal right.
问题1选项
A.Subjugation
B.Subrogation
C.Subversion
D.Submerge
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A项subjugation“征服，镇压”，B项subrogation“代理，代替”，C项subversion“颠覆，破坏”，D项submerge“淹没，把……浸入”。

根据关键词substitution“代替”可知，空格处对应的单词是B项subrogation“代理，代替”。

句意：代理权是指你以他人代替你自己来要求你的合法权利。

因此，该题选择B项正确。

12.
单选题
Standing on the seashore, we could just see the ship on the ______.
问题1选项
A.edge
B.earth
C.horizon
D.view
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A项edge“边缘，优势”，on the edge表示“在边缘上，坐立不安”；B项earth“地球”，on the earth表示“在世上，在地上”；C项horizon“地平线”，on the horizon表示“在地平线上，即将来临的”；D项view“观察，视野”，on the view表示“经眼力观察，经表面的观察”。

根据关键词ship“船只”和standing on the seashore“站在海边”可知，C项符合语境。

句意：站在海边，我们只能看到地平线上的那艘船。

因此，该题选择C项正确。

13.
单选题
Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into ______ ones.
问题1选项
A.turbulent
B.tragic
C.vulnerable
D.suspicious
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A项turbulent“混乱的”，B项tragic“悲剧的”，C项vulnerable“易受攻击的”，D项suspicious“可疑的，怀疑的”。

根据句子意思“谣言无处不在，散布恐惧，损害名誉，把平静的局面变成……”可知，空格处填入A项符合句意。

句意：谣言无处不在，散布恐惧，损害名誉，使平静的局面变得动荡不安。

因此，该题选择A项正确。

14.
单选题
—I will be waiting for you at home.
—______ I were busy and couldn’t come?
问题1选项
A.What if
B.What when
C.How if
D.How when
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。

A项what if“假使……将会怎么样”，B项what when没有这个用法，C项how if一般都会分开使用，即how…if…表示“如果……将会怎么样”，D项how when也没有这个用法。

根据句子情景可知，A项符合语境。

句意：我在家等你。

如果我很忙不能来怎么办？因此，该题选择A项正确。

15.
单选题
Sometimes patients suffering from severe pain can be helped by “drugs” that aren’t really drugs at all ______ sugar pills that contain no active chemical elements.
问题1选项
A.or rather
B.rather than
C.but rather
D.other than
【答案】C 【解析】考查固定搭配。

A项or rath er“更精确的说，倒不如说”，B项rather than“而不是”，C项but rather“而宁可说是”，D项other than“除了”。

根据句子可知，not…but rather…固定搭配，表示“不是……而是……”。

句意：有时病人遭受严重的疼痛可以通过“药物”来缓解，这些“药物”根本不是药物，而是不含任何活性化学元素的糖丸。

因此，该题选择C项正确。