历年考研完形填空出题盘点
考研英语一(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编2
考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编2(总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is【C1】______a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has【C2】______. The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted【C3】______1,932 unique subjects which【C4】______pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both【C5】______. While 1% may seem【C6】______, it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, "Most people do not even【C7】______their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who【C8】______our kin." The study【C9】______found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now.【C10】______, as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more【C11】______it. There could be many mechanisms working to gether that【C12】______us in choosing genetically similar friends【C13】______ "functional kinship" of being friends with【C14】______! One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 【C15】______than other genes. Studying this could help 【C16】______why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major【C17】______factor. The findings do not simply corroborate people" s【C18】______to befriend those of similar【C19】______ backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to【C20】______that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.what √B.howC.whyD.when解析：解析：考查语法结构。
考研英语一完形填空历年真题试卷汇编9_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编9(总分120, 做题时间90分钟)1. Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.The homeless make up a growing percentage of America' s population.【B1】______, homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can't possibly【B2】______. To help homeless people【B3】______independence, the federal government must support job training programs,【B4】______the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 【B5】______everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates【B6】______anywhere from 600, 000 to 3 million.【B7】______the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is【B8】______. One of the federal government's studies【B9】______that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to【B10】______this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.【B11】______when homeless individuals manage to find a【B12】______that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day【B13】______the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,【B14】______not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 【B15】______skills needed to turn their lives【B16】______. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are【B17】______programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 【B18】______Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,【B19】______it, "There has to be【B20】______of programs. What's needed is a package deal."SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.【B1】A IndeedB LikewiseC ThereforeD Furthermore分值: 2答案:A解析：考查逻辑关系。
考研英语历年有哪些完型的出题点
考研英语历年有哪些完型的出题点考研英语历年有哪些完型的出题点完型填空近几年在考察点方面也主要是围绕词义辨析，逻辑结构关系和上下文的语意连贯。
而且，在考察不同词性及固定搭配时，下面新东方在线分享近10年完型的出题点如下，大家可以仔细看看：在2006年考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查词义辨析仅仅只有5处。
出题人往往会对动词、名词、副词、形容词及介词等的词义解析进行考查。
在更多的完型中，出题人比较倾向于对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查。
而单纯的考查逻辑关系的题目只出现了三处。
在2007年考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查词义辨析的题目只有一处。
而在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目占到了该年完型题目的70%，出现了14处。
单纯的考查逻辑关系仅出现了两处。
在2008年考研英语的完型中，在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目占到了该年完型题目的55%，出现了11处。
而词义辨析出现了7处，占到了35%。
在2009年考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查词义辨析出现了5处。
在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目占到了该年完型题目的60%，出现了12处。
考查逻辑关系出现了三处。
在考查固定搭配及习惯搭配，出现了两处。
在2010年考研英语的完型中，单纯考查词义解析出现了三处。
在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目出现了11处，占到了该年完型题目的55%。
其余的是单纯的考查逻辑关系及搭配题目。
在2011年考研英语的完型中，在对在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目出现了11处。
而单纯的考查词义解析出现了6处，占到了30%。
在该年的完型中，对固定短语及习惯用法的考查也多余之前的完型题目。
在2012年考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查词义解析或逻辑关系的题目出现了11处，是在历年的完型题目中对单个知识点进行考查较多的一年。
考研英语一完形填空真题
考研英语一完形填空真题【考研英语一完形填空真题】In recent years, there has been a growing recognition that creativity is not a special talent possessed only by certain individuals, but a skill that can be developed and nurtured in every person. Numerous studies and experiments have suggested that creativity is closely connected with divergent thinking, which refers to the ability to generate multiple solutions to a problem. Therefore, in order to enhance our creative thinking skills, it is important to foster and encourage divergent thinking in various aspects of our lives.Firstly, one effective way to cultivate divergent thinking is to engage in brainstorming sessions. During a brainstorming session, individuals are encouraged to express their thoughts and ideas freely, without any judgment or evaluation. By creating an open and non-judgmental environment, brainstorming allows for the exploration of unconventional ideas and perspectives, which can often lead to breakthrough innovations. Moreover, brainstorming sessions can also promote collaboration and teamwork, as people build upon each other's ideas and collectively generate creative solutions.Secondly, exposure to diverse stimuli and experiences can greatly stimulate our divergent thinking skills. Engaging in activities such as reading books from various genres, traveling to different countries, or participating in multidisciplinary projects can broaden our horizons and expose us to new perspectives and ideas. This exposure to diverse stimuli helps to challenge our existing assumptions and encourages us to think outside the box.Additionally, maintaining a curious and open mindset towards learning and acquiring knowledge is crucial in nurturing our creative thinking abilities.Furthermore, embracing failure and adopting a growth mindset are essential in developing our creative thinking skills. Failure should not be seen as an endpoint, but rather as an opportunity for learning and improvement. When faced with challenges or setbacks, it is important to analyze and understand the underlying causes, and use this knowledge to generate new strategies or alternative solutions. By embracing failure and persevering through obstacles, we develop resilience and develop the ability to think creatively in order to overcome difficulties.In conclusion, creativity is a skill that can be cultivated and enhanced through the practice of divergent thinking. By engaging in brainstorming sessions, exposing ourselves to diverse stimuli, and embracing failure, we can foster a creative mindset and generate innovative solutions to various problems. It is important to recognize that creativity is not limited to a select few, but a skill that can be developed by anyone willing to put in the effort and adopt the necessary mindset. Let us embrace and nurture our creative thinking abilities, as they are crucial in addressing the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead.。
考研英语(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases【C1】______the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant【C2】______of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a【C3】______bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【C4】______and will strictly control the amount of 【C5】______that can be given to a case【C6】______a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he 【C7】______with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 【C8】______sufficient control. 【C9】______of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【C10】______of media protest when he said the 【C11】______of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges【C12】______to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which【C13】______the European Convention on Human Rights legally【C14】______in Britain, laid down that everybody was【C15】______to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands【C16】______our British judges,” he said. Witness payments became an【C17】______fter West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were【C18】______to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised【C19】______witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to【C20】______guilty verdicts.1．【C1】A．as toB．for instanceC．in particularD．such as正确答案：D解析：考查逻辑关系。
2005-2010年考研完形填空真题及答案
2005年考研完形填空答案1.[C]。
文章开头第一句提出观点：人类的鼻子是一个被低估的器官。
第二句接着说，和动物相比，人类经常被认为嗅觉不够灵敏。
这和作者的观点相悖，所以接下来会推翻这一说法，由此可推断，此处应该用转折的语气。
所以[C] but为正确选项。
[A] although表示让步；[B] as表示原因；[D] while表示轻微的转折，但常常用于事物间的对比，而原文中未体现出对比的意思，均可排除。
2. [B]。
空格处需要体现we和animal之间的关系。
由已知信息：我们可以直立行走，但动物是不可以的。
可知这句话旨在表达我们“不同于”动物。
因此[B] unlike“和……不同”符合文意。
而[A] above表示“(位置、地位等)高于；胜过”不符合语境；[C] excluding 和[D] besides都表示“除……之外”，文意不通，排除。
3. [A]。
这句话解释了人类的直立行走对嗅觉产生的影响。
该词后的介词to的宾语是perceiving those smells which float through the air(觉察飘浮在空气中的气味)。
把四个选项代入句子构成的词组，其意义分别是：be limited to“局限于”、be committed to“忠诚于”、be dedicated to“献身于”和be confined to“受限于”。
通过对比可知，原文倾向于“局限”之意。
其中[D] confined易与[A] limited混淆。
confined指“因(空间或地区)狭窄受限制的”，而后者所适用的范围较广。
由于原文没有“因为狭窄而受限制”之意，故排除[D]。
4. [C]。
空格处后接的宾语是the majority of smells which stick to surfaces(大部分附着在物体表面的气味)，而主语是our noses。
由前文中的“只闻到了飘浮在空气中的气味”可以推断，人类闻不到物体表面的气味。
考研英语一(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is【B1】______to say it anyway. He is that【B2】______bird, a scientist who works independently【B3】______any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not【B4】______thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. 【B5】______he, however, might tremble at the【B6】______of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only【B7】______that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in【B8】______are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally do well in IQ test,【B9】______12-15 points above the【B10】______value of 100, and have contributed【B11】______to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the【B12】______of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,【B13】______. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts,【B14】______, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been【B15】______to social effects, such as a strong tradition of【B16】______education. The latter was seen as a(n)【B17】______of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately【B18】______. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 【B19】______them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this【B20】______state of affairs.1．【B1】A．selectedB．preparedC．obligedD．pleased正确答案：B解析：考查动词辨析。
2005-2015历年考研英语一完形填空真题
The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1 this is largely because,2 animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary.This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while2.[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides3.[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined4.[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking5.[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore6.[A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if7.[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting8.[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused9.[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas10.[A]unusual [B]particular [C]unique [D]typical11.[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses12.[A]at first [B]at all [C]at large [D]at times13.[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed14.[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient15.[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create16.[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless17.[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired18.[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice19.[A]available [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable20.[A]similar to [B]such as [C]along with [D]aside fromThe homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can't possibly 2.To help homeless people 3 independence,the federal government must support job training programs,4 the minimum wage,and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless.Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary,analysts do agree on another matter:that the number of the homeless is 8,one of the federal government's studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night,a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street.Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs.And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.Many others,14 not addicted or mentally ill,simply lack the everyday15 skills needed to turn their lives 16.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reedy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless.18 Edward Zlotkowski,director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,19 it."There has to be 20 of programs.What we need is a package deal."1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep5.[A]Generally [B]Almost [C]Hardly [D]Not6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance16.[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordinationBy 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism,many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government,careers 4 to talent,freedom of commerce and trade,the 5 to private property,and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states,large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church,9,there was less agreement 10 the leadership.Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown.12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states,some sought to end the 14 of other faiths.The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian,valuing equality of everything.Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's 17 colonies.Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19.Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.[A]natives [B]inhabitants [C]peoples [D]individuals2.[A]confusedly [B]cheerfully [C]worriedly [D]hopefully3.[A]shared [B]forgot [C]attained [D]rejected4.[A]related [B]close [C]open [D]devoted5.[A]access [B]succession [C]right [D]return6.[A]Presumable [B]Incidentally [C]Obviously [D]Generally7.[A]unique [B]common [C]particular [D]typical8.[A]freedom [B]origin [C]impact [D]reform9.[A]therefore [B]however [C]indeed [D]moreover10.[A]with [B]about [C]among [D]by11.[A]allowed [B]preached [C]granted [D]funded12.[A]Since [B]If [C]Unless [D]While13.[A]as [B]for [C]under [D]against14.[A]spread [B]interference [C]exclusion [D]influence15.[A]support [B]cry [C]plea [D]wish16.[A]urged [B]intended [C]expected [D]promised17.[A]controlling [B]former [C]remaining [D]original18.[A]slower [B]faster [C]easier [D]tougher19.[A]created [B]produced [C]contributed [D]preferred20.[A]puzzled by [B]hostile to [C]pessimistic about [D]unprepared forThe idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name.But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway.He is that 2 bird,a scientist who works independently 3 any institution.He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections,which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he,however,might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do.Together with another two scientists,he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others,but explains the process that has brought this about.The group in8 are a particular people originated from central Europe.The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test,9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100,and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West,as the 12 of their elites,including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases,such as breast cancer.These facts,14 ave previously been thought unrelated.The former has been 15 social effects,such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation.The latter was seen as a(an)17 genetic isolation.Dr.Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs.1.[A]selected [B]prepared [C]obliged [D]pleased2.[A]unique [B]particular [C]special [D]rare3.[A]of [B]with [C]in [D]against4.[A]subsequently [B]presently [C]previously [D]lately5.[A]Only [B]So [C]Even [D]Hence6.[A]thought [B]sight [C]cost [D]risk7.[A]advises [B]suggests [C]protests [D]objects8.[A]progress [B]fact [C]need [D]question9.[A]attaining [B]scoring [C]reaching [D]calculating10.[A]normal [B]common [C]mean [D]total11.[A]unconsciously [B]disproportionately [C]indefinitely [D]unaccountably12.[A]missions [B]fortunes [C]interests [D]careers13.[A]affirm [B]witness [C]observe [D]approve14.[A]moreover [B]therefore [C]however [D]meanwhile15.[A]given up [B]got over [C]carried on [D]put down16.[A]assessing [B]supervising [C]administering [D]valuing17.[A]development [B]origin [C]consequence [D]instrument18.[A]linked [B]integrated [C]woven [D]combined19.[A]limited [B]subjected [C]converted [D]directed20.[A]paradoxical [B]incompatible [C]inevitable [D]continuousResearch on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday.Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives.This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer,that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence,it 5,is a high-priced option.It takes more upkeep,burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning-a 7 process-instead of instinct.Plenty of other species are able to learn,and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to 8.Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence?That's the question behind this new research.I like it.Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we've left in the dust I.Q.-wise,it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be.This is 12 the mind of every animal I've ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance.Every cat with an owner,14,is running a small scale study in operant conditioning.We believe that 15 animals ran the labs,they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience,our faithfulness,our memory for terrain.They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17,not merely how much of it there is.18,they would hope to study a 19 question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20 the results are inconclusive.1.[A]Suppose [B]Consider [C]Observe [D]Imagine2.[A]tended [B]feared [C]happened [D]threatened3.[A]thinner [B]stabler [C]lighter [D]dimmer4.[A]tendency [B]advantage [C]inclination [D]priority5.[A]insists on [B]sums up [C]turns out [D]puts forward6.[A]off [B]behind [C]over [D]along7.[A]incredible [B]spontaneous [C]inevitable [D]gradual8.[A]fight [B]doubt [C]stop [D]think9.[A]invisible [B]limited [C]indefinite [D]different10.[A]upward [B]forward [C]afterward [D]backward11.[A]features [B]influences [C]results [D]costs12.[A]outside [B]on [C]by [D]across13.[A]deliver [B]carry [C]perform [D]apply14.[A]by chance [B]in contrast [C]as usual [D]for instance15.[A]if [B]unless [C]as [D]lest16.[A]moderate [B]overcome [C]determine [D]reach17.[A]at [B]for [C]after [D]with18.[A]Above all [B]After all [C]However [D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental [B]comprehensive [C]equivalent [D]hostile20.[A]By accident [B]In time [C]So far [D]Better stillIn 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting workers' productivity.Instead,the studies ended giving their name to the"Hawthorne effect",the extremely influential idea that the very to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not what was done in the experiment;something was changed,productivity rose.A(n)that they were being experimented upon seemed to be to alter workers' behavior itself.After several decades,the same data were to econometric the analysis.Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store the descriptions on record,no systematic was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to interpretation of what happed.,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days.,a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday,workers to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the alleged"Hawthorne effect"is hard to pin down.1.[A]affected [B]achieved [C]extracted [D]restored2.[A]at [B]up [C]with [D]off3.[A]truth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof4.[A]controversial [B]perplexing [C]mischievous [D]ambiguous5.[A]requirements [B]explanations [C]accounts [D]assessments6.[A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work7.[A]as far as [B]for fear that [C]in case that [D]so long as8.[A]awareness [B]expectation [C]sentiment [D]illusion9.[A]suitable [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant10.[A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by11.[A]compared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed12.[A]contrary to [B]consistent with [C]parallel with [D]peculiar to13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15.[A]In contrast [B]For example [C]In consequence [D]As usual16.[A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly17.[A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20.[A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hittingAncient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But ---__1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating ba ck to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.___20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood..1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselyThe ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue re cently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices b ehave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court ’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the cour t should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciar y.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politic s. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in pow er and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental soc ial _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, th e law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate fro m politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when[B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established[D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught[C]bound[D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts[B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy[C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultPeople are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1__ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by __2___ factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big __3___ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. __4___ , he theorised that a judge __5___ of apperaring too soft __6__ crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To __8__ this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the __9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others __10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was __11___ .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews __12___by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had__13___applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale __14___ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were __15___ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is__16___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one __17___that, then the score for the next applicant would __18___by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to __19___ the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been __20___..1.[A]grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2.[A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D]external3.[A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4.[A]For example [B]On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5.[A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D]thoughtless6.[A]in [B]on [C]to [D]for7.[A]if [B]until [C]though [D]unless8.[A]promote [B]emphasize [C]share [D]success9.[A]decision [B]quality [C]status [D]success10.[A]chosen [B]studied [C]found [D]identified11.[A]exceptional [B]defensible [C]replaceable [D]otherwise12.[A]inspired [B]expressed [C]conducted [D]secured13.[A]assigned [B]rated [C]matched [D]arranged14.[A]put [B]got [C]gave [D]took15.[A]instead [B]then [C]ever [D]rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C]marked [D]introduced17.[A]before [B]after [C]above [D]below18.[A]jump [B]float [C]drop [D]fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C]maintain [D]disregard20.[A]promising [B]possible [C]necessary [D]helpfulRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]well being [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarThough not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the 8 our kin.”The study 9 found that the genes for small were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now, 10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 “functional Kinship” of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes to be evolution 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s 18 to be friend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1、 [A]what [B]why [C]how [D]when2、 [A]defended [B]concluded [C]withdrawn [D] advised3、 [A]for [B]with [C]by [D]on4、 [A]separated [B]sought [C]compared [D] connected5 、[A]tests [B] objects [C]samples [D]examples6、 [A]Insignificant [B]unexpected [C] unreliable [D]incredible7、 [A]visit [B]miss [C] know [D] seek8、 [A]surpass [B] influence [C] favor [D]resemble9、 [A]again [B] also [C]instead [D]thus10、[A] Meanwhile [ B]Furthermore [C] Likewise [D]Perhaps11、[A] about [ B] to [C] from [D]like12、[A] limit [ B] observe [C] confuse [D]drive13、[A] according to [ B] rather than [C] regardless of [D]along with14、[A]chances [ B]responses [C]benefits [D]missions15、[A] faster [ B]slower [C] later [D]earlier16、[A] forecast [ B] remember [C] express [D]disruptive。
考研英语(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编1(K12教育文档)
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考研英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编1（总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Use of English（总题数：3，分数:120.00）1。
Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40。
00）__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up peopleinvolved in prominent cases【C1】______the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant【C2】______of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine， the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 【C3】______bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【C4】______and will strictly control the amount of 【C5】______that can be given to a case【C6】______a trial begins. Ina letter to Gerald Kaufman， chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee， Lord Irvine said he【C7】______with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 【C8】______sufficient control. 【C9】______of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【C10】______of media protest when he said the 【C11】______of privacycontrols contained in European legislation would be left to judges【C12】______to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill， which【C13】______the European Convention on Human Rights legally【C14】______in Britain, laid down that everybody was【C15】______to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. "Press freedoms will be in safe hands【C16】______our British judges，"he said. Witness payments became an【C17】______fter West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995。
1997—2012年历年考研英语真题完形填空及新题型
历年考研英语真题完形填空及新题型部分1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the world’s largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people __41__ into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day’s work for a day’s pay. One day at a time. __42__ industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive __43__ reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.__44__ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part timers and temporary workers. This __45__ work force is the most important __46__ in American business today, and it is __47__ changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive __48__ avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens __49__ by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of __50__ that came from being a loyal employee.41. [A] swarm[B] stride[C] separate（A）[D] slip42. [A] For[B] Because[C] As（C）[D] Since43. [A] from[B] in[C] on（D）[D] by44. [A] Even though[B] Now that[C] If only（A）[D] Provided that45. [A] durable[B] disposable[C] available（B）[D] transferable46. [A] approach[B] flow[C] fashion（D）[D] trend47. [A] instantly[B] reversely[C] fundamentally（C）[D] sufficiently48. [A] but[B] while[C] and（B）[D] whereas49. [A] imposed[B] restricted[C] illustrated（A）[D] confined50. [A] excitement[B] conviction[C] enthusiasm（D）[D] importance1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Cloze TestUntil recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They __41__ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the __42__ man. But they insisted that its __43__ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the __44__ of the English population. __45__ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a __46__ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, __47__, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists __48__ history and economics, have __49__ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was __50__ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.41. [A] admitted[B] believed[C] claimed（A）[D] predicted42. [A] plain[B] average[C] mean（B）[D] normal43. [A] momentary[B] prompt[C] instant（D）[D] immediate44. [A] bulk[B] host[C] gross（A）[D] magnitude45. [A] On[B] With[C] For（D）[D] By46. [A] broadly[B] thoroughly[C] generally（D）[D] completely47. [A] however[B] meanwhile[C] therefore（A）[D] moreover48. [A] at[B] in[C] about（B）[D] for49. [A] manifested[B] approved[C] shown（C）[D] speculated50. [A] noted[B] impressed[C] labeled（D）[D] marked1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II: Cloze TestIndustrial safety does not just happen. Companies __41__ low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them __42__ and active. When the work is well done, a __43__ of accident-free operations is established __44__ time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may __45__ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program.Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by __46__ rules or regulations. __47__ others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial stand-point alone, safety __48__. The fewer the injury __49__, the better the workman’s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at __50__ or at a loss.41. [A] at[B] in[C] on（D）[D] with42. [A] alive[B] vivid[C] mobile（A）[D] diverse43. [A] regulation[B] climate[C] circumstance（B）[D] requirement44. [A] where[B] how[C] what（A）[D] unless45. [A] alter[B] differ[C] shift（B）[D] distinguish46. [A] constituting[B] aggravating[C] observing（C）[D] justifying47. [A] Some[B] Many[C] Even（D）[D] Still48. [A] comes off[B] turns up[C] pays off（C）[D] holds up49. [A] claims[B] reports[C] declarations（A）[D] proclamations 50. [A] an advantage[B] a benefit[C] an interest（D）[D] a profit2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Cloze TestIf a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain __41__ consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family __42__ he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance __43__ the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to __44__ old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to __45__ the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation __46__ and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be __47__. He must either sell some of his property or __48__ extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low __49__ of interest, but loans of this kind are not __50__ obtainable.41. [A] other than[B] as well as[C] instead of（C）[D] more than42. [A] only if[B] much as[C] long before（A）[D] ever since43. [A] for[B] against[C] supplement（B）[D] dispose44. [A] replace[B] purchase[C] supplement（A）[D] dispose45. [A] enhance[B] mix[C] feed（C）[D] raise46. [A] vessels[B] routes[C] paths（D）[D] channels47. [A] self-confident[B] self-sufficient[C] self-satisfied（B）[D] self-restrained48. [A] search[B] save[C] offer（D）[D] seek49. [A] proportion[B] percentage[C] rate（C）[D] ratio50. [A] genuinely[B] obviously[C] presumably（D）[D] frequently2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Cloze TestThe government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases __31__ the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant __32__ of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a __33__ bill that will propose making payments to witnesses __34__ and will strictly control the amount of __35__ that can be given to a case __36__ a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he __37__ with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not __38__ sufficient control.__39__ of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a __40__ of media protest when he said the __41__ of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges __42__ to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which __43__ the European Convention on Human Rights legally __44__ in Britain, laid down that everybody was __45__ to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands __46__ our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an __47__ after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were __48__ to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised __49__ witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to __50__ guilty verdicts.31. [A] as to[B] for instance[C] in particular（D）[D] such as32. [A] tightening[B] intensifying[C] focusing（A）[D] fastening33. [A] sketch[B] rough[C] preliminary（D）[D] draft34. [A] illogical[B] illegal[C] improbable（B）[D] improper35. [A] publicity[B] penalty[C] popularity（A）[D] peculiarity36. [A] since[B] if[C] before（C）[D] as37. [A] sided[B] shared[C] complied（D）[D] agreed38. [A] present[B] offer[C] manifest（B）[D] indicate39. [A] Release[B] Publication[C] Printing（B）[D] Exposure40. [A] storm[B] rage[C] flare（A）[D] flash41. [A] translation[B] interpretation[C] exhibition（B）[D] demonstration42. [A] better than[B] other than[C] rather than（C）[D] sooner than43. [A] changes[B] makes[C] sets（B）[D] turns44. [A] binding[B] convincing[C] restraining（A）[D] sustaining45. [A] authorized[B] credited[C] entitled（C）[D] qualified46. [A] with[B] to[C] from（A）[D] by47. [A] impact[B] incident[C] inference（D）[D] issue48. [A] stated[B] remarked[C] said（C）[D] told49. [A] what[B] when[C] which（D）[D] that50. [A] assure[B] confide[C] ensure（C）[D] guarantee2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Use of EnglishComparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened __21__.As was discussed before, it was not __22__ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic __23__, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the __24__ of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution __25__ up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading __26__ through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures __27__ the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in __28__. It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, __29__, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, __30__ by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, __31__ its impact on the media was not immediately __32__. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as __33__, with display becoming sharper and storage __34__ increasing. They were thought of, like people, __35__ generations, with the distance between generations much __36__.It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the __37__ within which we now live. The communications revolution has __38__ both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been __39__ view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed __40__ “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.21. [A] between[B] before[C] since（A）[D] later22. [A] after[B] by[C] during（D）[D] until23. [A] means[B] method[C] medium（C）[D] measure24. [A] process[B] company[C] light（B）[D] form25. [A] gathered[B] speeded[C] worked（B）[D] picked26. [A] on[B] out[C] over（A）[D] off27. [A] of[B] for[C] beyond（D）[D] into28. [A] concept[B] dimension[C] effect（D）[D] perspective29. [A] indeed[B] hence[C] however（C）[D] therefore30. [A] brought[B] followed[C] stimulated（B）[D] characterized31. [A] unless[B] since[C] lest（D）[D] although32. [A] apparent[B] desirable[C] negative（A）[D] plausible33. [A] institutional[B] universal[C] fundamental（A）[D] instrumental34. [A] ability[B] capability[C] capacity（C）[D] faculty35. [A] by means of[B] in terms of[C] with regard to（B）[D] in line with36. [A] deeper[B] fewer[C] nearer（D）[D] smaller37. [A] context[B] range[C] scope（A）[D] territory38. [A] regarded[B] impressed[C] influenced（C）[D] effected39. [A] competitive[B] controversial[C] distracting（B）[D] irrational40. [A] above[B] upon[C] against（C）[D] with2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Use of EnglishTeachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious __21__ to how they can be best __22__ such changes. Growing bodies need movement and __23__, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. __24__ they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the __25__ that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are __26__ by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be __27__ to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, __28__, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, __29__ student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide __30__ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful __31__ dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the __32__ of some kind of organization with a supportive adult __33__ visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have __34__ attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized __35__ participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to __36__ else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants __37__. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. __38__ they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by __39__ for roles that are within their __40__ and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.[A] thought[B] idea[C] opinion（A）[D] advice22.[A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate（B）[D] enhance23.[A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise（C）[D] leisure24.[A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas（D）[D] Because25.[A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence（C）[D] tolerance26.[A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored（B）[D] surpassed27.[A] improper[B] risky[C] fair（D）[D] wise28.[A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example（C）[D] in a sense 29.[A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating（A）[D] exchanging30.[A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus（D）[D] multiple31.[A] groups[B] individual[C] personnel（A）[D] corporation32.[A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission（D）[D] security33.[A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely（B）[D] rarely34.[A] similar[B] long[C] different（D）[D] short35.[A] if only[B] now that[C] so that（C）[D] even if36.[A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing（D）[D] something37.[A] off[B] down[C] out（B）[D] alone38.[A] On the contrary[B] On the average[C] On the whole（A）[D] On the other hand39.[A] making[B] standing[C] planning（C）[D] taking40.[A] capability[B] responsibility[C] proficiency（A）[D] efficiency2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Use of EnglishMany theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories __21__ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior __22__ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through __23__ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in __24__ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, __25__ as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, __26__ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes __27__ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are __28__ to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly __29__ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that __30__ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment __31__ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in __32__ lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also __33__ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; __34__, children are likely to have less supervision at home __35__ was common in the traditional family __36__. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __37__ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __38__ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing __39__ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, __40__a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.21.[A] acting[B] relying[C] centering（C）[D] cementing22.[A] before[B] unless[C] until（D）[D] because23.[A] interactions[B] assimilation[C] cooperation（A）[D] consultation24.[A] return[B] reply[C] reference（D）[D] response25.[A] or[B] but rather[C] but（A）[D] or else26.[A] considering[B] ignoring[C] highlighting（B）[D] discarding27. [A] on[B] in[C] for（C）[D] with28.[A] immune[B] resistant[C] sensitive（D）[D] subject29.[A] affect[B] reduce[C] chock（A）[D] reflect30.[A] point[B] lead[C] come（B）[D] amount31.[A] in general[B] on average[C] by contrast（A）[D] at length32.[A] case[B] short[C] turn（C）[D] essence33.[A] survived[B] noticed[C] undertaken（D）[D] experienced34.[A] contrarily[B] consequently[C] similarly（B）[D] simultaneously35.[A] than[B] that[C] which（A）[D] as36.[A] system[B] structure[C] concept（B）[D] heritage37.[A] assessable[B] identifiable[C] negligible（B）[D] incredible38.[A] expense[B] restriction[C] allocation（D）[D] availability39.[A] incidence[B] awareness[C] exposure（A）[D] popularity40.[A] provided[B] since[C] although（C）[D] supposing2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Use of EnglishThe human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, __1__ this is largely because, __2__ animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are __3__ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, __4__ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, __5__, we are extremely sensitive to smells, __6__ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of __7__ human smells even when these are __8__ to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, __9__ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate __10__ smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send __11__ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell __12__ can suddenlybecome sensitive to it when __13__ to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it __14__ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can __15__ new receptors if necessary. This may __16__ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not __17__ of the usual smell of our own house but we __18__ new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors __19__ for unfamiliar and emergency signals __20__ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A] although[B] as[C] but（C）[D] while2.[A] above[B] unlike[C] excluding（B）[D] besides3.[A] limited[B] committed[C] dedicated（A）[D] confined4.[A] catching[B] ignoring[C] missing（C）[D] tracking5.[A] anyway[B] though[C] instead（B）[D] therefore6.[A] even if[B] if only[C] only if（A）[D] as if7.[A] distinguishing[B] discovering[C] determining（D）[D] detecting8.[A] diluted[B] dissolved[C] determining（A）[D] diffused9.[A] when[B] since[C] for（D）[D] whereas10.[A] unusual[B] particular[C] unique（B）[D] typical11.[A] signs[B] stimuli[C] messages（C）[D] impulses12.[A] at first[B] at all[C] at large（A）[D] at times13.[A] subjected[B] left[C] drawn（D）[D] exposed14.[A] ineffective[B] incompetent[C] inefficient（C）[D] insufficient15.[A] introduce[B] summon[C] trigger（D）[D] create16.[A] still[B] also[C] otherwise（B）[D] nevertheless17.[A] sure[B] sick[C] aware（C）[D] tired18.[A] tolerate[B] repel[C] neglect（D）[D] notice19.[A] available[B] reliable[C] identifiable（A）[D] suitable20.[A] similar to[B] such as[C] along with（B）[D] aside fromPart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into of the numbered blank there are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Canada’s premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do something, together, to reduce health-care costs.They’re all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are pharmaceutical costs.41. ____[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.____ What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care -- to say nothing of reports from other experts -- recommended the creation of a national drug agency. Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national institution.42. ____[C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.____But “national” doesn’t have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial -- provinces combining efforts to create one body.Either way, one benefit of a “national” organization would be to negotiate better prices, if possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province -- or a series of hospitals within a province -- negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would negotiate on behalf of all provinces.Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency would negotiate on behalf 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.43. ____[G] Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.____A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the Canadian Coordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached. That’s one reason why the idea of a national list hasn’t gone anywhere while drug costs keep rising fast.44. ____[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.____Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow’s report selectively, especially the parts about more federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: “A national drug agency would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs.”45. ____[B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”____So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.[A] Quebec’s resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec’s Drug Insurance Fund has seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to26.8 per cent![B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby’s report: “the substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.”[C] What does “national” mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to increase faster than government revenues.[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it, starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better drug prices.[G] Of course the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn’t like a national agency, but self-interest would lead them to deal with it.2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Use of EnglishThe homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. __1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly __2__. To help homeless people __3__ independence, the federal government must support job training programs, __4__ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.__5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__. One of the federal government’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. __11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, __14__ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, __19__ it, “There has to be __20__ of programs. What we need is a package deal.”1.[A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore（A）[D] Furthermore2.[A] stand[B] cope[C] approve（B）[D] retain3.[A] in[B] for[C] with（D）[D] toward4.[A] raise[B] add[C] take（A）[D] keep5.[A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly（D）[D] not6.[A] cover[B] change[C] range（C）[D] differ7.[A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided（B）[D] Except that。
历年考研英语完型真题
历年考研英语完型真题完型填空是考研英语中的一项重要题型，要求考生根据给定的文章上下文和语境，在每个空格中选择最佳选项，使文章的意思完整、通顺。
下面将根据历年考研英语完型真题，以及相关考试技巧和备考建议，为大家进行详细介绍。
第一部分：历年考研英语完型真题分析接下来，我们来看一些历年考研英语完型真题的分析，以帮助大家更好地理解和应对这一题型。
例题一：During the 1960s in America, despite the fact that many people were making serious efforts to reduce pollution, some official bodies responsible for the protection of wildlife were almost hopeless 1 the fight against pollution. Although they had the authority to close down any factory pouring poisonous waste into the lakes and rivers, such action was __2__ taken. There were hundreds of chemicals which could poison both men and wildlife, but only about twenty were __3__ controlled by the authorities. At any time at least eight million tons of poisonous waste were being poured into rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal waters and __4__ the sea itself. Many of these chemicals __5__ and cannot be detected at all and cannot be analyzed. Thus there was hardly any way of proving as to which factories __6__ pollution on such a large scale. At best, only stray __7__ of tropical fish floating dead on the surf by a polluted beach would __8 __ to a poisonous out flow.1. A. for B. for the C. in D. in the2. A. not B. certainly C. rarely D. never3. A. carefully B. cautiously C. strictly D. severely4. A. also B. either C. too D. except5. A. were very dangerous B. are very dangerous C. was very dangerousD. is very dangerous6. A. were causing B. was causing C. were caused D. was caused7. A. sources B. waste C. items D. evidence8. A. contribute B. appeal C. resort D. result解析：本文描述了1960年代美国在污染治理方面所面临的问题。
2005-2015历年考研英语一完形填空真题
The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1 this is largely because,2 animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.In fact5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 we do not generally realize it.Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary.This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be.We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire.1.[A]although [B]as [C]but [D]while2.[A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides3.[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined4.[A]catching [B]ignoring [C]missing [D]tracking5.[A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore6.[A]even if [B]if only [C]only if [D]as if7.[A]distinguishing [B]discovering [C]determining [D]detecting8.[A]diluted [B]dissolved [C]determining [D]diffused9.[A]when [B]since [C]for [D]whereas10.[A]unusual [B]particular [C]unique [D]typical11.[A]signs [B]stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses12.[A]at first [B]at all [C]at large [D]at times13.[A]subjected [B]left [C]drawn [D]exposed14.[A]ineffective [B]incompetent [C]inefficient [D]insufficient15.[A]introduce [B]summon [C]trigger [D]create16.[A]still [B]also [C]otherwise [D]nevertheless17.[A]sure [B]sick [C]aware [D]tired18.[A]tolerate [B]repel [C]neglect [D]notice19.[A]available [B]reliable [C]identifiable [D]suitable20.[A]similar to [B]such as [C]along with [D]aside fromThe homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can't possibly 2.To help homeless people 3 independence,the federal government must support job training programs,4 the minimum wage,and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless.Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary,analysts do agree on another matter:that the number of the homeless is 8,one of the federal government's studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night,a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street.Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs.And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.Many others,14 not addicted or mentally ill,simply lack the everyday15 skills needed to turn their lives 16.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reedy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless.18 Edward Zlotkowski,director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,19 it."There has to be 20 of programs.What we need is a package deal."1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep5.[A]Generally [B]Almost [C]Hardly [D]Not6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance16.[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordinationBy 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism,many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government,careers 4 to talent,freedom of commerce and trade,the 5 to private property,and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states,large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church,9,there was less agreement 10 the leadership.Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown.12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states,some sought to end the 14 of other faiths.The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian,valuing equality of everything.Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's 17 colonies.Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19.Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.[A]natives [B]inhabitants [C]peoples [D]individuals2.[A]confusedly [B]cheerfully [C]worriedly [D]hopefully3.[A]shared [B]forgot [C]attained [D]rejected4.[A]related [B]close [C]open [D]devoted5.[A]access [B]succession [C]right [D]return6.[A]Presumable [B]Incidentally [C]Obviously [D]Generally7.[A]unique [B]common [C]particular [D]typical8.[A]freedom [B]origin [C]impact [D]reform9.[A]therefore [B]however [C]indeed [D]moreover10.[A]with [B]about [C]among [D]by11.[A]allowed [B]preached [C]granted [D]funded12.[A]Since [B]If [C]Unless [D]While13.[A]as [B]for [C]under [D]against14.[A]spread [B]interference [C]exclusion [D]influence15.[A]support [B]cry [C]plea [D]wish16.[A]urged [B]intended [C]expected [D]promised17.[A]controlling [B]former [C]remaining [D]original18.[A]slower [B]faster [C]easier [D]tougher19.[A]created [B]produced [C]contributed [D]preferred20.[A]puzzled by [B]hostile to [C]pessimistic about [D]unprepared forThe idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name.But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway.He is that 2 bird,a scientist who works independently 3 any institution.He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections,which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he,however,might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do.Together with another two scientists,he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others,but explains the process that has brought this about.The group in8 are a particular people originated from central Europe.The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test,9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100,and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West,as the 12 of their elites,including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases,such as breast cancer.These facts,14 ave previously been thought unrelated.The former has been 15 social effects,such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation.The latter was seen as a(an)17 genetic isolation.Dr.Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs.1.[A]selected [B]prepared [C]obliged [D]pleased2.[A]unique [B]particular [C]special [D]rare3.[A]of [B]with [C]in [D]against4.[A]subsequently [B]presently [C]previously [D]lately5.[A]Only [B]So [C]Even [D]Hence6.[A]thought [B]sight [C]cost [D]risk7.[A]advises [B]suggests [C]protests [D]objects8.[A]progress [B]fact [C]need [D]question9.[A]attaining [B]scoring [C]reaching [D]calculating10.[A]normal [B]common [C]mean [D]total11.[A]unconsciously [B]disproportionately [C]indefinitely [D]unaccountably12.[A]missions [B]fortunes [C]interests [D]careers13.[A]affirm [B]witness [C]observe [D]approve14.[A]moreover [B]therefore [C]however [D]meanwhile15.[A]given up [B]got over [C]carried on [D]put down16.[A]assessing [B]supervising [C]administering [D]valuing17.[A]development [B]origin [C]consequence [D]instrument18.[A]linked [B]integrated [C]woven [D]combined19.[A]limited [B]subjected [C]converted [D]directed20.[A]paradoxical [B]incompatible [C]inevitable [D]continuousResearch on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday.Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives.This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer,that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence,it 5,is a high-priced option.It takes more upkeep,burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning-a 7 process-instead of instinct.Plenty of other species are able to learn,and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to 8.Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence?That's the question behind this new research.I like it.Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we've left in the dust I.Q.-wise,it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be.This is 12 the mind of every animal I've ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance.Every cat with an owner,14,is running a small scale study in operant conditioning.We believe that 15 animals ran the labs,they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience,our faithfulness,our memory for terrain.They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17,not merely how much of it there is.18,they would hope to study a 19 question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20 the results are inconclusive.1.[A]Suppose [B]Consider [C]Observe [D]Imagine2.[A]tended [B]feared [C]happened [D]threatened3.[A]thinner [B]stabler [C]lighter [D]dimmer4.[A]tendency [B]advantage [C]inclination [D]priority5.[A]insists on [B]sums up [C]turns out [D]puts forward6.[A]off [B]behind [C]over [D]along7.[A]incredible [B]spontaneous [C]inevitable [D]gradual8.[A]fight [B]doubt [C]stop [D]think9.[A]invisible [B]limited [C]indefinite [D]different10.[A]upward [B]forward [C]afterward [D]backward11.[A]features [B]influences [C]results [D]costs12.[A]outside [B]on [C]by [D]across13.[A]deliver [B]carry [C]perform [D]apply14.[A]by chance [B]in contrast [C]as usual [D]for instance15.[A]if [B]unless [C]as [D]lest16.[A]moderate [B]overcome [C]determine [D]reach17.[A]at [B]for [C]after [D]with18.[A]Above all [B]After all [C]However [D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental [B]comprehensive [C]equivalent [D]hostile20.[A]By accident [B]In time [C]So far [D]Better stillIn 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting workers' productivity.Instead,the studies ended giving their name to the"Hawthorne effect",the extremely influential idea that the very to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.According to of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not what was done in the experiment;something was changed,productivity rose.A(n)that they were being experimented upon seemed to be to alter workers' behavior itself.After several decades,the same data were to econometric the analysis.Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store the descriptions on record,no systematic was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to interpretation of what happed.,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days.,a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday,workers to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the alleged"Hawthorne effect"is hard to pin down.1.[A]affected [B]achieved [C]extracted [D]restored2.[A]at [B]up [C]with [D]off3.[A]truth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof4.[A]controversial [B]perplexing [C]mischievous [D]ambiguous5.[A]requirements [B]explanations [C]accounts [D]assessments6.[A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work7.[A]as far as [B]for fear that [C]in case that [D]so long as8.[A]awareness [B]expectation [C]sentiment [D]illusion9.[A]suitable [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant10.[A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by11.[A]compared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed12.[A]contrary to [B]consistent with [C]parallel with [D]peculiar to13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15.[A]In contrast [B]For example [C]In consequence [D]As usual16.[A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly17.[A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20.[A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hittingAncient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But ---__1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.___20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood..1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselyThe ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue re cently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices b ehave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court ’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the cour t should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciar y.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politic s. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in pow er and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental soc ial _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, th e law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate fro m politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when[B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established[D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught[C]bound[D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts[B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy[C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultPeople are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1__ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by __2___ factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big __3___ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. __4___ , he theorised that a judge __5___ of apperaring too soft __6__ crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To __8__ this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the __9___ of an applicant should not depend on the few others __10___ randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was __11___ .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews __12___by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had__13___applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale __14___ numerous factors into consideration. The scores were __15___ used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is__16___ out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one __17___that, then the score for the next applicant would __18___by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to __19___ the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been __20___..1.[A]grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2.[A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D]external3.[A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4.[A]For example [B]On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5.[A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D]thoughtless6.[A]in [B]on [C]to [D]for7.[A]if [B]until [C]though [D]unless8.[A]promote [B]emphasize [C]share [D]success9.[A]decision [B]quality [C]status [D]success10.[A]chosen [B]studied [C]found [D]identified11.[A]exceptional [B]defensible [C]replaceable [D]otherwise12.[A]inspired [B]expressed [C]conducted [D]secured13.[A]assigned [B]rated [C]matched [D]arranged14.[A]put [B]got [C]gave [D]took15.[A]instead [B]then [C]ever [D]rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C]marked [D]introduced17.[A]before [B]after [C]above [D]below18.[A]jump [B]float [C]drop [D]fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C]maintain [D]disregard20.[A]promising [B]possible [C]necessary [D]helpfulRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]well being [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarThough not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the 8 our kin.”The study 9 found that the genes for small were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now, 10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 “functional Kinship” of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes to be evolution 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s 18 to be friend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1、 [A]what [B]why [C]how [D]when2、 [A]defended [B]concluded [C]withdrawn [D] advised3、 [A]for [B]with [C]by [D]on4、 [A]separated [B]sought [C]compared [D] connected5 、[A]tests [B] objects [C]samples [D]examples6、 [A]Insignificant [B]unexpected [C] unreliable [D]incredible7、 [A]visit [B]miss [C] know [D] seek8、 [A]surpass [B] influence [C] favor [D]resemble9、 [A]again [B] also [C]instead [D]thus10、[A] Meanwhile [ B]Furthermore [C] Likewise [D]Perhaps11、[A] about [ B] to [C] from [D]like12、[A] limit [ B] observe [C] confuse [D]drive13、[A] according to [ B] rather than [C] regardless of [D]along with14、[A]chances [ B]responses [C]benefits [D]missions15、[A] faster [ B]slower [C] later [D]earlier16、[A] forecast [ B] remember [C] express [D]disruptive17、[A] unpredictable [ B] contributory [C] controllable [D]disruptive。
考研英一历年完形填空真题大全
考研英一历年完形填空真题大全考研英一历年完形填空真题大全1Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?”before looking into the container, smiling,and exclaiming, “Wow!”Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitable考研英一历年完形填空真题大全2Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, "Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin."The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 Perhaps, as the team suggests, it drawsus to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than "functional kinship" of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply corroborate people's 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.Section II Reading Comprehension1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、see考研英一历年完形填空真题大全3Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A]，[B]，[C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.”But __1___some claims to the contrary，laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels，___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hardlaughter is difficult to __4__，a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way，say，walking or jogging does.__6__，instead of straining muscles to build them，as exercise does，laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__，studies dating back to the 1930‘s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles，decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway，the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback，that improve an individual ‘s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion，our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears，evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of w ürzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile –or with their lips，which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown，____19___ that expressions may influenceemotions rather than just the other way around __20__ ，the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely考研英一历年完形填空真题大全4Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate ManagentAdimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D]success9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful。
考研英一完型填空历年真题
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考研英语一(完形填空)历年真题试卷汇编6
考研英语一（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编6(总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting【B1】______workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended【B2】______giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very 【B3】______of being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior. The idea arose because of the 【B4】______behavior of the women in the plant. According to 【B5】______of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not【B6】______what was done in the experiment;【B7】______something was changed, productivity rose. A(n)【B8】______that they were being experimented upon seemed to be【B9】______to alter workers' behavior【B10】______itself. After several decades, the same data were【B11】______to econometric analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store.【B12】______the descriptions on record, no systematic【B13】______was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 【B14】______interpretations of what happened.【B15】______, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output【B16】______rose compared with the previous Saturday and【B17】______to rise for the next couple of days. 【B18】______, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers【B19】______to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before【B20】______a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.（分数：40.00）(1).【B1】（分数：2.00）A.affected √B.achievedC.extractedD.restored解析：解析：考查动词辨析。
考研英语完形填空历年真题试卷汇编2_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考研英语（完形填空）历年真题试卷汇编2(总分160, 做题时间90分钟)1. Use of EnglishSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened【C1】______. As was discussed before, it was not【C2】______the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic【C3】______, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the【C4】______of the periodical. It was during the same time that **munications revolution【C5】______up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading【C6】______through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motionpictures【C7】______the 20th-century world of the motor car and the air plane. Not everyone sees that process in【C8】______. It is important to do so. It is generally recognized,【C9】______, that the introduction of **puter in the early 20th century, 【C10】______by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process,【C11】______its impact on the media was not immediately【C12】______. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as 【C13】______, with display becoming sharper and storage【C14】______increasing. They were thought of, like people,【C15】______generations, with the distance between generations much【C16】______. It was within **puter age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the【C17】______within which we now live. **munications revolution has【C18】______both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been【C19】______views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed【C20】______"harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.【C1】A betweenB beforeC sinceD later分值: 2答案:A解析：考查语篇理解。
考研英语完形填空大纲解析及考点分析带近9年真题和答案
考研英语二完形填空第一讲大纲解析及考点分析第一部分英语知识运用考试大纲对“完形填空”题型的说明（英语一）该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力等。
共20 小题，每小题 0.5 分，共 10 分。
在一篇 240~280 词的文章中留出 20 个空白，要求考生从每题给出的 4 个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
（英语二）主要考查考生对英语知识的综合运用能力。
共 20 小题，每小题 0.5分，共 10 分。
在一篇约 350 词的文章中留出 20 个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4 个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
英语知识运用考试要求：不同语境中规范的语言要素，包括词汇、表达方式和结构的掌握程度；对语段特征，如连贯性和一致性等的辨识能力；意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整英语知识运用：词汇知识、语法知识考试大纲对“词汇知识”的要求：考生应能掌握 5500 左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容(详见附录 1、2)。
考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。
考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。
考试大纲中的“附表内容”2考试大纲对“语法知识”的要求英语（一）考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
考研完型填空历年真题
Passage 1（1994年）The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 41 the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42 breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 44 unfavorable reactions in the listener 45 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.46 inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47 difficult for the listener to understand the 48 which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50 that can be understood by his listeners.41.[A] of [B] at [C] for [D] on42.[A] inaccessible [B] timely [C] likely [D] invalid43.[A] encourages [B] prevents [C] destroy [D] offers44.[A] pass out [B] take away [C] back up [D] stir up45.[A] who [B] as [C] which [D] what46.[A] Moreover [B] However [C] Preliminarily [D] Unexpectedly47.[A] that [B] it [C] so [D] this48.[A] speech [B]sense [C] message [D] m eaning49.[A] obscure [B] difficult [C] impossible [D] unable50.[A] case [B] means [C]method [D]wayPassage 2（1995年）Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 . The new experiments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep.For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems --the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-- had crashed.41.[A] Either [B] Neither [C] Each [D] Any42.[A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred43.[A] subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful44.[A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded45.[A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose46.[A] reduction [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction47.[A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with48.[A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on49.[A] developed [B] produced [C] stimulated [D] induced50.[A] if [B] as if [C] only if [D] if onlyPassage 3（1996年）Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, 41 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 42 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 43 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 44 .Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements —usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 45 nitrogen. They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 47 one or more specific functions in the body.48 enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins. Many people, 50 . believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body' s vitamin needs.41.[A]either [B]so [C]nor [D]never42.[A]shifting [B]transferring [C]altering [D]transforming43.[A]any [B]some [C]anything [D]something44.[A]serious [B]apparent [C]severe [D]fatal45.[A]mostly [B]partially [C]sometimes [D]rarely46.[A]in that [B]so that [C]such that [D]except that47.[A]undertakes [B]holds [C]plays [D]performs48.[A]Supplying [B]Getting [C]Providing [D]Furnishing49.[A]exceptional [B]exceeding [C]excess [D]external50.[A]nevertheless [B]therefore [C]moreover [D]meanwhilePassage 4（1997年）Manpower Inc, with 560,000 workers, is the world's largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people 41 into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day's work for a day's pay. One day at a time. 42 industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive 43 reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.44 its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This 45 work force is the most important 46 in American business today, and it is 47 changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive 48 avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens 49 by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of 50 that came from being a loyal employee.41.[A] swarm [B] stride [C] separate [D] slip42.[A] For [B] Because [C] As [D] Since43.[A] from [B] in [C] on [D] by44.[A] Even though [B] Now that [C] If only [D] Provided that45.[A] durable [B] disposable [C] available [D] transferable46.[A] approach [B] flow [C] fashion [D] trend47.[A] instantly [B] reversely [C] fundamentally [D] sufficiently48.[A] but [B] while [C] and [D] whereas49.[A] imposed [B] restricted [C] illustrated [D] confined50.[A] excitement [B] conviction [C] enthusiasm [D] importancePassage 5（1998年）Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 werewidespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast,they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750,when England was still a 46 ag-ricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, 47 . is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 historyand economics, have 49 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 bygreat poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved theconditions for the majority of the populace.41.[A] admitted [B] believed [C] claimed [D] predicted42.[A] plain [B] average [C] mean [D] normal43.[A] momentary [B] prompt [C] instant [D] immediate44.[A] bulk [B] host [C] gross [D] magnitude45.[A] on [B] With [C] For [D] By46.[A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely47.[A] however [B] meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover48.[A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for49.[A] manifested [B] approved [C] shown [D] speculated50.[A] noted [B] impressed [C] labeled [D] markedPassage 6（1999年）Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active. When the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established 44 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 46 rules or regulations. 47 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety 48 . The fewer the injury 49 . the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 50 or at a loss.41.[A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with42.[A] alive [B] vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse43.[A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D] requirement44.[A] where [B] how [C]what [D]unless45.[A] alter [B] differ[C] shift [D] distinguish46.[A] constituting [B] aggravating [C] observing [D] justifying47.[A] some [B] Many [C] Even [D] still48.[A] comes off [B] turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up49.[A] claims [B] reports [C] declarations [D] proclamations50.[A] an advantage [B] a benefit [C] an interest [D] a profitPassage 7（2000年）If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 46 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is .available, a farmer cannot be 47 .He must either sell some of his property or 48 extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 49 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.41.[A] other than [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than42.[A] only if [B] much as [C] long before [D] ever since43.[A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards44.[A] replace [B] purchase [C] supplement [D] dispose45.[A] enhance [B] mix [C] feed [D] raise46.[A] vessels [B] routes [C] paths [D] channels47.[A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [D] self-restrained48.[A] search [B] save [C] offer [D] seek49.[A] proportion [B] percentage [C] rate [D] ratio50.[A] genuinely [B] obviously [C] presumably [D] frequentlyThe government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self-regulationdid not 38 sufficient control.39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families."Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges," he said.Witness payments became an 47 after West sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995.up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdict.31.[A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as32.[A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening33.[A]sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft34.[A]illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper35.[A]publicity [B] penalty [C] popularity [D] peculiarity36.[A]since [B] if [C] before [D] as37.[A]sided [B] shared [C] complied [D] agreed38.[A]present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate39.[A]Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D] Exposure40.[A]storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash41.[A]translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration42.[A]better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than43.[A]changes [B] makes [C] sets [D] turns44.[A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining45.[A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified46.[A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by47.[A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue48.[A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told49.[A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that50.[A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guaranteeComparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 . It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became " personal" too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36 .It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed 40 "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.21.[A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later22.[A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until23.[A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure24.[A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form25.[A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked26.[A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off27.[A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into28.[A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective29.[A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore30.[A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized31.[A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although32.[A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible33.[A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental34.[A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty35.[A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to [D] in line with36.[A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller37.[A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory38.[A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected39.[A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational40.[A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] withPassage 10（2003年）Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 ,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have 34 attention spans. a variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participant 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure24. [A] if [B] although [C] whereas [D] because25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone38.[A] on the contrary [B] on the average [C] on the whole [D] on the other hand39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency [D] efficiencyPassage 11（2004年）Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 25 as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are28 to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment31 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in32 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 34 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.21.[A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting22.[A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because23.[A] interactions [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation24.[A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response25.[A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else26.[A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding27.[A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with28.[A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject29. [A]affect [B] reduce [C] check [D] reflect30. [A]point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount31. [A]in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length32. [A]case [B]short [C] turn [D] essence33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C]similar [D] simultaneously35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability39. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity40. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposingPassage 12（2005年）The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellerscompared with animals, 1 this is largely because, __2__ animals, we stand upright. This meansthat our noses are __3__ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, __4__ the majorityof smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not havethe genes necessary to generate _ _10__ smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cellswhich sense smells and send __ 11_ _ to the brain. However, it has been found that even peopleinsensitive to a certain smell_ _12__ can suddenly become sensitive to it when_ _ 13 _to it oftenenough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it__ 14__ to keep allsmell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We arenot 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visitsomeone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors__ 19_ _for unfamiliar andemergency signals __ 20_ _ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. ［A］although ［B］as ［C］but ［D］while2. ［A］above ［B］unlike ［C］excluding ［D］besides3. ［A］limited ［B］committed ［C］dedicated ［D］confined4. ［A］catching ［B］ignoring ［C］missing ［D］tracking5. ［A］anyway ［B］though ［C］instead ［D］therefore6. ［A］even if ［B］if only ［C］only if ［D］as if7. ［A］distinguishing ［B］discovering ［C］determining ［D］detecting8. ［A］diluted ［B］dissolved ［C］determining ［D］diffused9. ［A］when ［B］since ［C］for ［D］whereas10.［A］unusual ［B］particular ［C］unique ［D］typical11.［A］signs ［B］stimuli ［C］messages ［D］impulses12.［A］at first ［B］at all ［C］at large ［D］at times13.［A］subjected ［B］left ［C］drawn ［D］exposed14.［A］ineffective ［B］incompetent ［C］inefficient ［D］insufficient15.［A］introduce ［B］summon ［C］trigger ［D］create16.［A］still ［B］also ［C］otherwise ［D］nevertheless17.［A］sure ［B］sick ［C］aware ［D］tired18.［A］tolerate ［B］repel ［C］neglect ［D］notice19.［A］availabe ［B］reliable ［C］identifiable ［D］suitable20.［A］similar to ［B］such as ［C］along with ［D］asidePassage 13（2006年）The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. 1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, __4__ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhe re from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is8 . One of the federal government’s studies9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills need to turn their lives 16 . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless._ _18_ _Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What we need is a package deal.”1.[A] Indeed [B]Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore2.[A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain3.[A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward4.[A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep5.[A] generally [B] almost [C] hardly [D] not6.[A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ7.[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that8.[A] inflating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending9.[A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers10.[A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss11.[A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only12.[A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house13.[A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering14.[A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas15.[A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance16.[A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up17.[A] complex [B] comprehensive [C] complementary [D] compensating18.[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus19.[A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes20.[A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordination大纲样题During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 per cent. Some countries did not 1 enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not 2 . Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed nations3 solutions.4 , problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations. Industry in the developed nations is highly automated and very5 .It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly 6 workers are needed to 7 and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained, 8 many nations do not have the necessary training institutions. Thus, the 9 of importing industry becomes higher. Students must be sent abroad to 10 vocational and professional training. 11 . just to begin training, the students must 12 learn English, French, German, or Japanese.The students then spend many years abroad, and 13 do not return home.All nations agree that science and technology 14 be shared. The point is: countries 15 the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look care-fully 16 the costs, because many of these costs are 17 . Students from these nations should18 the problems of the industrialized countries closely. 19 care, they will take home not the problems of science and technology, 20 the benefits.1.[A] generate [B] raise [C] product [D] manufacture2.[A] answered [B] met [C] calculated [D] remembered3.[A] for [B] without [C] as [D] about4.[A] Moreover [B] Therefore [C] Anyway [D] However5.[A] expensive [B] mechanical [C] flourishing [D] complicated6.[A] gifted [B] skilled [C] trained [D] versatile7.[A] keep [B] maintain [C] retain [D] protect8.[A] since [B] so [C] and [D] yet9.[A] charge [B] price [C] cost [D] value10.[A] accept [B] gain [C] receive [D] absorb11.[A] Frequently [B] Incidentally [C] Deliberately [D] Eventually12.[A] soon [B] quickly [C] immediately [D] first13.[A] some [B] others [C] several [D] few14.[A] might [B] should [C] would [D] will15.[A] adopting [B] conducting [C] receiving [D] adjusting16.[A] to [B] at [C] on [D] about17.[A] opaque [B] secret [C] sealed [D] hidden18.[A] tackle [B] learn [C] study [D] manipulate19.[A] In [B] Through [C] With [D] Under20.[A] except [B] nor [C] or [D] but。
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临考盘点:历年考研英语完形出题点
已经准备了一段时间的考生一定会发现，在历年的完型填空中出题人命题时都会有一定的规律。
在考察点方面也主要是围绕词义辨析，逻辑结构关系和上下文的语意连贯。
而且，在考察不同词性及固定搭配时，各类考察点的分布明细如下：
在2006年考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查词义辨析仅仅只有5处。
出题人往往会对动词、名词、副词、形容词及介词等的词义解析进行考查。
在更多的完型中，出题人比较倾向于对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查。
而单纯的考查逻辑关系的题目只出现了三处。
在2007年考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查词义辨析的题目只有一处。
而在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目占到了该年完型题目的70%，出现了14处。
单纯的考查逻辑关系仅出现了两处。
在2008年考研英语的完型中，在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目占到了该年完型题目的55%，出现了11处。
而词义辨析出现了7处，占到了35%。
在2009年考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查词义辨析出现了5处。
在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目占到了该年完型题目的60%，出现了12处。
考查逻辑关系出现了三处。
在考查固定搭配及习惯搭配，出现了两处。
在2010年考研英语的完型中，单纯考查词义解析出现了三处。
在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目出现了11处，占到了该年完型题目的55%。
其余的是单纯的考查逻辑关系及搭配题目。
在2011年考研英语的完型中，在对在对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目出现了11处。
而单纯的考查词义解析出现了6处，占到了30%。
在该年的完型中，对固定短语及习惯用法的考查也多余之前的完型题目。
在2012年考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查词义解析或逻辑关系的题目出现了11处，是在历年的完型题目中对单个知识点进行考查较多的一年。
而对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目出现了9处。
在2013年考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查逻辑关系、词义解析及搭配的题目出现了13处，且单纯考查词义解析就出现了6处。
在剩余的7道题目中，出题人也多对常识题目进行了考查。
在2014年考研英语的完型题目中，出现了7处对单一知识点进行考查的题目。
在其余的13处题目中，出题人针对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查。
在2015年考研英语的完型题目中，对不同词性的词义解析进行了多出考查。
同时该年的完型题目也对上下文的联系及逻辑关系进行了多出考查。
出现了6处，占到了30%。
在该年的完型中，对固定短语及习惯用法的考查也多余之前的完型题目。
在2012年考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查词义解析或逻辑关系
的题目出现了11处，是在历年的完型题目中对单个知识点进行考查较多的一年。
而对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查的题目出现了9处。
在2013年考研英语的完型中，单纯的考查逻辑关系、词义解析及搭配的题目出现了13处，且单纯考查词义解析就出现了6处。
在剩余的7道题目中，出题人也多对常识题目进行了考查。
在2014年考研英语的完型题目中，出现了7处对单一知识点进行考查的题目。
在其余的13处题目中，出题人针对不同词性的词义解析、逻辑关系、上下文连贯及固定搭配等进行同时考查。
在2015年考研英语的完型题目中，对不同词性的词义解析进行了多出考查。
同时该年的完型题目也对上下文的联系及逻辑关系进行了多出考查。