北师大版选修七：Unit 20 New Frontiers 1 Section Ⅰ

高中英语讲义
趣味导引
We are the champions是皇后乐队(Queen)最著名的单曲之一，发行于1978年初，由乐队主唱Freddie Mercury作曲。

这首歌昂扬向上、震撼人心，因此常用于各种体育赛事以弘扬体育精神。

I’ve paid my dues
Time after time
I’ve done my sentence
But committed①no crime
And bad mistakes
I’ve made a few
I’ve had my share of sand
Kicked in my face
But I’ve come through②
And I need to go on and on and on and on
We are the champions my friends
And we’ll keep on fighting till the end
We are the champions
We are the champions
No time for losers
’Cause we are the champions of the world
I’ve taken my bows
And my curtain calls
You’ve bought me fame and fortune③
And everything that goes with it
I thank you all
But it’s been no bed of roses
No pleasure cruise④
I consider it a challenge before the whole human race
高中英语讲义
And I ain’t gonna lose
And I need to go on and on and on and on
We are the champions my friends
And we’ll keep on fighting till the end
We are the champions
We are the champions
No time for losers
’Cause we are the champions of the world
我们是冠军
我已付出了代价
一次又一次
我服了刑
但没有犯罪
我犯过了一些
严重的错误
我自作自受
但我都熬过来了
我要继续
我们是冠军，我的朋友们
我们会一直战斗到最后
我们是冠军
我们是冠军
这世界不属于失败者
因为我们是世界冠军
我鞠躬谢幕
将落下帷幕
你们给我带来名誉和财富
和随之而来的一切
我感谢你们
但是这里并不是天堂
也并不是一次愉快的旅程
我认为这是一个摆在全人类面前的挑战
而我绝不会输
我要继续
我们是冠军，我的朋友们
我们会一直战斗到最后
我们是冠军
我们是冠军
这世界不属于失败者
因为我们是世界冠军
[词海拾贝]
commit [kə'mɪt] v t. 犯罪；做错事
come through 实现诺言；传来；(健康)回复
fortune ['fɔːtʃuːn] n．财富；幸运；命运
cruise [kruːz]n. 巡航；巡游；漫游
Section ⅠWarm-up & Lesson 1—Comprehending
Hannah Jones looks into①the future.
I love talking about the future—and I am not the only one. Over the centuries, people have always wondered about the future. Some like to read fantasy stories and imagine what the world will be like in 10, 50 or even 1，000 years’time②.Others write about the future themselves. In the 18th and 19th centuries, especially the latter③，the most common theme in science fiction novels was the future. Some authors even predicted things that have since happened④，for example, landing on the moon! But for some people, thinking about the future⑤is not just for fun. They plan the future of the world for a living. These people are called futurologists⑥.
This weekend, hundreds of futurologists are meeting at Newcastle University. The seminar⑦starts on Friday and the experts will be discussing⑧the endless possibilities of the future. The future is now big business and many people will attend the seminar with dreams of starting new enterprises⑨based on the predictions they will hear this weekend⑩.I clicked⑪into the websites of
a few futurologists and here’s what they’re predictin g⑫：
①look into窥视；调查
②此处what引导宾语从句。

③latter ['lætə] n．后者
former n．前者
④此处that引导定语从句，修饰things。

⑤此处是动名词作主语。

⑥futurologist[ˌfjuːtʃə'rɒlədʒɪst] n．未来学家
⑦seminar ['semɪnɑː] n．研讨会
⑧will be discussing是将来进行时，表示在将来某个时间正在进行的动作。

⑨enterprise ['entəpraɪz] n．事业；企业
⑩此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰enterprises；they will hear this weekend是定语从句，修饰the predictions。

⑪click [klɪk] v i.点击
⑫此处的what引导表语从句。

汉娜琼斯展望未来。

我喜欢谈论未来——而且我不是仅有的一个。

很多世纪以来，人们对未来总是充满好奇。

有些人喜欢阅读幻想故事，想象世界在10年、50年甚至1 000年后会变成什么样。

其他人写关于自己未来的事。

在18世纪和19世纪，特别是后者，科幻小说最普遍的主题就是未来。

一些作者甚至预测到此后所发生的事情，例如登陆月球！但是对一些人来说，思考未来不仅仅是为了有趣。

他们以设计世界的未来为生，这些人被称为未来学家。

这个周末，数百个未来学家将在纽卡斯尔大学举行会议。

会议于星期五开始，专家们将会讨论未来的无数个可能。

现在，“未来”是笔大生意，许多人怀揣梦想参加研讨会——在本周末将要听到的预测的基础上开创新事业。

我登陆了一些未来学家的网站，以下是他们的预言：
In the next few years, computers will become handier⑬.Shortly⑭all of us are going to use our voices to give instructions to computers. We will be able to download⑮any file or update⑯our computers just by saying a few words.
By the year 2015, the clothing industry will have produced⑰new types of material that will remain stainless⑱no matter what you spill on them⑲.Red wine stains⑳will no longer ruin clothes. Garments○21will also be so strong that they will never get old and worn○22.
By the year 2025, no one will die of starvation○23because there will be food for everyone. No one will have to live on welfare○24as everyone will have jobs and discrimination○25will be a part of the past. There will therefore no longer be any conflict○26and people will be able to live together in peace and equality○27.
By the year 2030, development in biochemistry and medical science will have made it theoretically possible for us to live for at least 150 years○28.Tiny, insect­like robots may be sent around the cells○29of our bodies to assess○30our health and carry out○31repairs to keep us healthy○32.
By the middle of the century, computers that are millions of times smarter than us○33will have been developed. We will be linking our brains to these computers and a huge database○34.A new
type of electronic○35human might have developed!
By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living○36and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.
I’ll be there in Newcastle this weekend. At nine o’clock on Saturday morning, I’ll be sitting in the front row and listening to the great Professor Willard talking about the future of my brain. If you can’t beat○37the future, join it—it’s the dawn○38of a new world.
⑬handy ['hændi] adj. 方便使用的
⑭shortly ['ʃɔːtli] ad v.不久；很快
shortly after...在……之后不久
⑮download [daʊn'ləʊd] v t.下载
⑯update[ˌʌp'deɪt ] v t.更新
⑰此处是将来完成时，表示到将来某个时刻已经完成的动作。

⑱stainless ['steɪnlɪs] adj.无污迹的
⑲no matter引导让步状语从句，意为：无论……
⑳stain [steɪn] n．污迹；污点
○21garment ['ɡɑːmənt] n．衣服
○22worn [wɔːn] adj.磨损的
○23starvation [stɑː'veɪʃn] n．饥饿；starve v i.挨饿
○24welfare ['welfeə] n．福利
○25discrimination [dɪˌskrɪmɪ'neɪʃn] n．歧视；识别力
○26conflict ['kɒnflɪkt ] n．争执；冲突
○27equality [ɪ'kwɒlɪti] n．平等；equal adj.公平的
○28此处it作形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式to live...。

○29cell [sel] n．细胞
○30assess [ə'ses] v t.评估；评价；assessment n．评价
○31carry out执行
○32此处的不定式表示目的。

○33此处的that引导定语从句，修饰computers。

○34database ['deɪtəˌbeɪs] n．数据库；资料库
○35electronic [ɪlek'trɒnɪk ] adj.电子的
○36suitable for living 是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰system。

○37beat v．此处表示抗拒。

○38dawn [dɔːn] n．开端；拂晓
若干年后，计算机将会变得更加方便。

不久以后我们所有人都将使用声音对计算机发出指令。

我们能够仅通过说几句话来下载任何文件，或者更新我们的电脑。

到2015年，服装行业将生产出新型的材料，不论你将什么东西洒在上面，都不会留下污点。

红酒渍将不再破坏衣物。

衣服也将很牢固结实，永远不会变旧或磨损。

到2025年，没有人会死于饥饿，因为人人都会有食物。

没有人会不得不依靠福利生活，因为每一个人都会有工作，歧视将成为历史。

因此世界上不再有任何冲突，人们将能够在和平与平等中一起生活。

到2030年，生物化学和医学的发展将会使我们在理论上至少能活150岁。

可以把微小的、如昆虫一样大的机器人放置于人体细胞中，评估我们的健康状况并进行修复工作以保持我们的健康。

到本世界中叶，比我们聪明几百万倍的电脑将被研制出来。

我们将把自己的大脑与这些计算机和一个庞大的数据库相连接，一种新型的电子人可能诞生！
到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适于人类居住的星球，并将发现更远空间探索的方法。

这个周末我将在纽卡斯尔。

星期六上午9点钟，我将坐在前排，聆听伟大的维拉德教授谈论关于大脑的未来。

如果你不能抗拒未来，就来加入吧，这是一个新世界的开始。

ⅠRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Which people of the following can be called futurologists?
A．People who like to read fantasy stories.
B．People who write about the future themselves.
C．People who plan the future of the world for a living.
2．What was the most common theme in science fiction novels in 19th century?
A．Adventure.B．Future.C．Love.
3．The futurologists will hold a seminar，aiming to________．
A．discuss the endless possibilities of the future
B．solve some problems about energy and natural sources
C．study the chances of people living on other planets
4．Why will many people want to attend the seminar?
A．Because they are curious about the future.
B．Because they want to make friends with futurologists.
C．Because they dream of starting new enterprises based on the predictions made by futurologists.
答案：1－4.CBAC
ⅡAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．The future is now big business and many people will attend the seminar with dreams of starting new enterprises based on the predictions they will hear this weekend.
本句是一个由and连接的________。

第一个分句用的是一般现在时；第二个分句用的是一般将来时。

在第二个分句中，with dreams of...this weekend作状语；其中过去分词短语based on the predictions...作定语修饰new enterprises; they will hear this weekend是________从句，修饰predictions, 引导词因在从句中作hear的宾语而省略了。

[尝试翻译]___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ 答案：并列句；定语；现在，“未来”是笔大生意，许多人怀揣梦想参加研讨会——在本周末将要听到的预测的基础上开创新事业。

2．By the year 2030, development in biochemistry and medical science will have made it theoretically possible for us to live for at least 150 years.
本句是一个简单句。

By the year 2030是______；it在句中作形式宾语；不定式to live for at least 150 years是真正宾语。

possible 在句中作________。

[尝试翻译]____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：时间状语；宾补；到2030年，生物化学和医学的发展将会使我们在理论上至少能活150岁。

A卷
Ⅰ阅读理解
A
When we do the same movements with our bodies over and over again，
we overuse some muscles.And the overuse can lead to strain(压力) and
injury.Sometimes those problems can come from doing sports.But there is
another cause of muscle problems：hand-held technology devices.
Staring down at your phone or tablet for long periods of time puts great
tension on your neck.Experts say this posture puts strain on the entire upper body.Muscle strain linked to hand-held technology has become such a common condition that it now has a name：tech__neck．
Common symptoms of tech neck are neck pain，loss of feelings in your hands and fingers，
headaches—both mild and severe—and poor posture.In the worst cases of tech neck，you can lose the strength of your hands and fingers.
You can take simple steps to improve tech neck.Take breaks from using your technology.Stand up and stretch your legs often.Also，give your eyes a break by closing them now and then throughout the day.Do neck exercises.Experts at the website Spine Universe recommend these three neck stretches.
1．Chin(下巴) Stretch
Move your chin towards your chest.Hold for 5 seconds.The stretch should be comfortable from your neck to the base of your skull.Repeat 10 times.
2．Side Lean
Lean your head to the right.Bring your ear close to the shoulder.Hold for 20 seconds.Bring your head back to the center，and then lean it to the left，again holding for 20 seconds.Repeat 3－5 times on each side.
3．Side-to-Side Head Turning
Turn your chin towards your right shoulder.Hold for 20 seconds.Bring your head back to the center，and then turn it to the left，again holding for 20 seconds.Repeat 3－5 times on each side.
And if your tech neck symptoms get worse，see a health care professional.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“科技颈”及其症状和危害，并给出了应对建议。

1．What does the underlined phrase “tech neck”in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Neck pain caused by sports.
B．Cure for diseases by technology.
C．Protection against problems with certain devices.
D．Neck problems caused by technology devices.
D解析：词义猜测题。

根据第二段中的“Muscle strain linked to hand-held technology has become such a common condition that it now has a name”可知，“tech neck”指的是与便携式科技设备有关的肌肉紧张，并且已经成为一种常见的疾病，同时结合该段首句中的“great tension on your neck”可知，选项D“科技设备造成的颈部问题”意思与之相近。

所以选D。

2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The harm of tech neck.
B．The meaning of tech neck.
C．The treatment of tech neck.
D．The worst result of tech neck.
A解析：段落大意题。

根据第三段的内容，尤其是首句中的“Common symptoms of tech neck”和第二句中的“worst”以及“you can lose”可知，本段主要讲述的是“tech neck”的常见症状
和危害，所以选A。

3．Which of the following shows one of the correct gestures of “Side Lean”？
B解析：细节理解题。

根据2.Side Lean部分的“Lean your head to the right...Bring your head back to the center，and then lean it to the left，again holding for 20 seconds.Repeat 3－5 times on each side.”可知，该部分叙述的动作是把头靠向肩膀，让耳朵贴近肩膀，故选项B 所示的姿势正确。

所以选B。

4．What do the first and third neck exercises have in common?
A．Shaking the head.
B．Touching the chest.
C．Moving the chin.
D．Turning in the same direction.
C解析：推理判断题。

根据第一个练习中的“Move your chin towards your chest.”和第三个练习中的“Turn your chin towards your right shoulder.”可知，这两套动作都涉及下巴的移动，所以选C。

B
Pollution’s serious effects on the environment have become more obvious
in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our
environment from further harm.
As we know, the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy
and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need.
The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity(生物多样性), improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live there.
The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated
with transporting materials long distances.
Careful site selection is important to minimize(使减少到最低限度) human effects on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes(微风) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.
Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants.
Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection, recycling and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, water power and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.
【解题导语】本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。

5．What can we know about green buildings?
A．Producing no waste.
B．Only using clean energy.
C．Being made of new materials.
D．Being environment­friendly.
D解析：推理判断题。

根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选D。

6．What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?
A．Large.B．Small.
C．Green. D．Low.
B解析：细节理解题。

根据第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。

7．What is the purpose of using green roofs?
A．To fit the environment.
B．To keep warm.
C．To collect nature water.
D．To reduce costs.
D解析：细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选D。

8．What is the text mainly about?
A．Promoting energy efficiency.
B．Environmental benefits.
C．Green buildings.
D．Ecosystems and biodiversity.
C解析：主旨大意题。

根据文章的关键词“green buildings”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选C。

C
(2018·长春十一中高二模拟) In today’s world of smart phones and
notebook computers, most people have at least one time­telling thing with them.
Since these digital products are so common, is time running out for the 500­
year­old watch? According to some consumers, the answer is yes. New Jersey
teenager Charlie Wollman says a watch is “an extra piece of equipment with no necessary function”. Many young adults think so and use their smart phones to tell time. It is said that fewer young people wear watches today than ten years ago. As a result, some people say that the watch industry is at a crossroads.
However, watchmakers optimistically say that watches regain popularity when consumers reach their 20s and 30s. By then, they are willing to spend money on a quality watch that doesn’t just keep good time. Fifty years ago, watchmakers took pride in their products’accuracy. But in recent years, the watch industry has changed itself into an accessory(附属的) business. And today, the image a watch communicates has become more important than the time it tells.
“Complications”—features that go beyond simple timekeeping—are an important part of a watch’s image. Today’s watches of fer lots of features that meet almost any personality. These features include compasses, USB drivers, and even other functions.
Creativity also plays a key role in designing today’s watches. For example, Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash makes watches that don’t even look like watches. The company’s popular Shinshoku model uses different color lights to tell time. It looks more like a fashionable bracelet(手镯) than a watch.
Whether a watch communicates fashion sense, creative talent or a love of sports, consumers want their watches to stand out. Nowadays, everyone has the same kind of gadget(配件) in their bags, so people want to make a statement with what’s on their wrists. Will this interest in wrist fashion last? Only time will tell!
【解题导语】随着科技的进步，手表的主要功能——显示时间，已经成为了附属功能。

科技赋予手表更多的功能和时尚。

9．What can we know from the first paragraph?
A．As most people see, watches are out of fashion.
B．The watch industry will close down sooner or later.
C．Some people feel that watches have been of no use.
D．There are so many choices of watches for teenagers today.
C解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段的New Jersey teenager Charlie Wollman says a watch is “an extra piece of equipment with no necessary function.”Many young adults think so and use their smart phones to tell time.可知一些人认为手表已经没有用了。

10．Japanese watchmaker Tokyoflash is mentioned in Paragraph 4 to________.
A．tell that today’s watches need more imagination
B．show why Shinshoku watches are popular
C．advertise Shinshoku watches made by Tokyoflash
D．make a comparison between watches and bracelets
A解析：推理判断题。

根据第四段的The company’s popular Shinshoku model uses different color lights to tell time. It looks more like a fashionable bracelet(手镯) than a watch.可知，只有设计上进行创新，富有想象力才能使手表不过时。

11．What might be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．Japanese Watches Stand Out
B．Watches Tell More than Time
C．Watch Industry Is in a Bad Situation
D．Watches Are Becoming Less Popular
B解析：标题归纳题。

根据本文的大意可知，手表现在增加了越来越多的功能，不仅仅是告诉人们时间，因此选B项。

Ⅱ七选五
Last week the electricity in my flat went out. 1.________My typical evening is spent watching TV and scrolling(滚动) through social media. That night this wasn’t possible. My roommate and I weren’t prepared with candles and matches. We just rely on electr icity.
So for me it was an early night. 2.________That night, losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity, as basic as running water. But really, electricity is a luxury that we’ve grown to take for granted. I use electricity all the time, even when it’s not really necessary. 3.________And as I’m writing this, I have my lights on, even in the middle of the day when I don’t really need them.
4．________It contributes to global warming. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it. Not only that, but if we continue to use the same large amount of energy, we will soon run out of it.
How would we survive in a world without electricity? Our daily lives go around it. We wouldn’t be able to function. 5.________So, shouldn’t we start preparing for it now? Cutting
down on our use of electricity would save energy resources so that they could last for longer. And if everyone does it, we can make a big difference.
A．Yet we know one day we will run out of it.
B．Our overuse of electricity is a big problem.
C．This left me in complete darkness the whole night.
D．It is a real problem to cut down on the use of electricity.
E．I know for sure I could cut down on my use of electricity.
F．I cou ldn’t help but think, do we rely too much on electricity?
G．I turn on the TV in the background even when I’m not watching it.
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

上周的停电对“我”的生活造成了很大影响，让“我”意识到珍惜电力资源的重要意义。

过度用电会导致全球变暖，从而对环境有害，所以在不必要用电时我们应当节约用电。

本文体现了学科核心素养中的“环保意识和节约意识”的文化品格。

1．C解析：根据空处所在的位置可知，该句承上启下；由空处前一句“Last week the electricity in my flat went out.”，结合该段倒数第二句“My roommate and I weren’t prepared with candles and matches.”可知，上个星期“我”的公寓停电了，室友和“我”都没有准备蜡烛和火柴；据此可知，这导致“我”一整个晚上都在黑暗中度过，故C项正确。

2．F解析：根据第一段最后一句“We just rely on electricity.”可知，我们只能依靠电，结合空处后一句“That night, losing our electricity felt like losing a basic necessity, as basic as running water.”可知，断电就如失去了水这一基本的生活必需品一样；据此可以判断，在遭遇断电后，“我”禁不住想到，我们是不是太依赖电了，故F项正确。

3．G解析：根据空处前一句“I use electricity all the time, even when it’s not really necessary.”可知，“我”一直用电，即使在没有必要时；据此可以判断，空处具体陈述“我”浪费电的不良习惯，故G项符合语境。

4．B解析：根据上文提到的“我”浪费的不良习惯，结合该段第二至三句“It contributes to global warming. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it.”可推知，过度用电导致了全球变暖，对我们的环境有害。

据此可知，该段主要陈述过度用电这一问题，故B项正确。

5．A解析：根据空处后两句“So, shouldn’t we...longer.”可知，减少用电将节约能源，这样电力资源就能供我们使用更长时间；据此可推知，空处说明我们必须节约用电的原因：然而终有一天我们将用完电力资源，故A项正确。

B卷
Ⅰ阅读理解
Some people are so rude!
Who sends an e－mail or a text message that just says “Thank you”？Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks fo r a fact easily found on Google? Don’t these people realize that they’re wasting your time?
Maybe I’m the rude one for not appreciating life’s little politeness. But many social agreed standards just don’t make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
In texts, you don’t have to declare who you are or even say hello.E－mail, too, is slower than a text. V oice mail is a now impolite way of trying to connect.
My father learned this lesson after leaving me a dozen voice mail messages, none of which I listened to. Exasperated，he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls.“Why are you leaving him voice mail？”my sister asked. “Just text him.”
In the age of the smartphone, there is no reason to ask once－acceptable questions about：the weather forecast, a business’s phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, which can be easily found on Google Maps. But people still ask these things. And when you answer, they respond with a thank－you e－mail.
How to handle these differing standards? Easy. Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thank－you message. Others, like me, want no reply.
The anthropologist(人类学家) Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can als o learn from the young. Here’s hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time－wasting forms of communication do.
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了如今在智能手机时代，人们应该选择何种方式进行沟通。

1．What does the underlined wor d “Exasperated” mean in the fifth paragraph?
A．Worried. B．Surprised.
C．Annoyed. D．Tired.
C解析：词义猜测题。

根据第五段第二句中的“he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls”可知，作者的父亲对作者不给自己回电话很不满，由此可推知Exasperated意思是“恼怒的，生气的”，故选C。

2．Why didn’t the writer reply to his father?
A．He liked text messages better.
B．He enjoyed checking his voice mail.
C．He didn’t receive any voice mail messages.
D．He didn’t want to talk with his father.
A解析：推理判断题。

根据第五段中的“‘Why are you leaving him voice mail？’my sister asked.‘Just text him.’”可推知，作者不喜欢用语音信箱，更偏爱发短信，故选A。

3．Which of the following does the writer agree to?
A．People needn’t learn from one another in traditional societies.
B．Dealing with voice mail should vary with each individual.
C．People needn’t turn to Google for help when in trouble.
D．Declaring who you are or saying hello in texts is necessary.
B解析：推理判断题。

根据第七段的内容可推知，标准是变化的，处理方式应该因人而异，而不是一刀切，语音信箱的使用亦是如此，故选B。

4．What’s the best title of this passage?
A．Nowadays：What Should We Do with Text Messages?
B．Nowadays：Do You Like Leaving Others a V oice Message?
C．Nowadays：What Means Should We Use in Communication?
D．Nowadays：Do You Need a Thank-you Message?
C解析：标题归纳题。

根据对文章内容的整体理解可知，第三段引入本文话题，最后两段点题总结，本文主要讨论的是如今(在智能手机时代)我们应该用何种方式沟通，故选C 项。

Ⅱ完形填空
Just out of college, he began working for the Ford Motor Company as a student engineer. He began to __1__ how cars were put together. However, he was__2__marketing more. One year later, Lee Iacocca, the son of an Italian, was promoted(提升) to a salesman.
In 1956, sales were __3__ at Ford. To help improve the sales, Iacocca __4__ the idea of installment(分期付款). His __5__ proved to be a great success. After years of hard work, in 1970，he __6__ the president of Ford Motor Company, second in command under Henry Ford Ⅱ.However，__7__ lay ahead.Henry Ford Ⅱ began to worry that Lee Iacocca would __8__ his family business. Therefore，Iacocca was __9__ and had to look for another job.
It wasn’t long before he was __10__ the position of president of Chrysler Corporation. When Chrysler announced the hiring of Lee Iacocca, they also announced their worst__11__ difficulty in history on the same day. The company might break down.__12__，Iacocca went to the U．S. government to seek loans(贷款). His request was refused at first, __13__ Iacocca didn’t quit. He argued if Chrysler failed, it would __14__ the country 2.75 billion dollars because of unemployment alone. His speech was so __15__ that Chrysler got the money. In his fight for the __16__ of the company, Lee cut his own salary to $1 a year. Later, the company began an advertisement campaign for their new car. __17__，the car soon became popular and the company was __18__．
Iacocca had the __19__ of never giving up and the willingness to take whatever measures for his company. His __20__ qualities are worthy of learning.
【解题导语】Lee Iacocca曾担任福特汽车公司的总裁，后又担任克莱斯勒汽车公司的总裁，把这家濒临倒闭的公司从危境中拯救过来。

1．A.see B．notice
C．imagine D．learn
D解析：根据前后文可知Lee Iacocca在大学毕业后在福特汽车公司当一个实习生，学习汽车装配的有关知识。

故选learn。

2．A.interested in B．surprised at
C．aware of D．careful with
A解析：根据下文可知，他对市场营销更感兴趣。

故选interested in。

3．A.holding B．realizing
C．rising D．dropping
D解析：根据语境可知，1956年福特公司销售量下滑，Lee Iacocca提出了分期付款的销售策略，促进汽车销量大增。

故选dropping。

4．A.put forward B．made up
C．analyzed D．collected
A解析：Lee Iacocca提出了分期付款的销售策略。

put forward表示“提出(建议，计划等)”。

5．A.conclusion B．permission
C．suggestion D．protection
C解析：此处表示他分期付款销售的建议后来取得了成功。

6．A.became B．visited
C．helped D．left
A解析：根据语境可知，因为辛勤的工作和突出的业绩，Lee Iacocca成了福特公司的总裁，职位仅次于Henry Ford Ⅱ。

故选became。

7．A.luck B．trouble
C．danger D．opportunity
B解析：从前文可知，Lee Iacocca成为福特公司的总裁，但是倒霉的事即将来临，后文交代了怎么回事。

故选trouble。

8．A.turn in B．put off
C．give up D．take over
D解析：Henry Ford Ⅱ担心Lee Iacocca权力过于强大，会抢走他的家族产业。

9．A.blamed B．defeated
C．fired D．rejected
C解析：因为Henry FordⅡ的担忧，Lee Iacocca被辞退了。

故选fired。

10．A.promised B．offered
C．shown D．applied
B解析：不久，克莱斯勒公司就提供了总裁的职位给Lee Iacocca。

11．A.production B．management
C．financial D．technical
C解析：根据下文．..Iacocca went to the U．S. government to seek loans(贷款)．可知，Lee Iacocca去向政府申请贷款，由此判断Chrysler公司当时面临着史上最严重的财政困难，故选financial。

12．A.However B．Therefore
C．Otherwise D．Instead
B解析：公司因为经济困境可能破产倒闭，因此，Lee Iacocca去向政府申请贷款。

故选Therefore。

13．A.so B．and
C．but D．or
C解析：他的贷款申请一开始被拒绝了，但他并没有放弃。

故选but。

14．A.save B．cost
C．give D．bring
B解析：Lee Iacocca说，如果Chrysler公司倒闭了，国家仅仅失业救济金就得支付27.5亿美元。

故选cost。

15．A.convincing B．amusing
C．boring D．disappointing
A解析：根据前后文可知，Iacocca在向政府申请贷款时的发言是如此地令人信服，以致Chrysler公司得到了贷款。

故选convincing。

16．A.reason B．contribution
C．situation D．survival
D解析：前文提到Chrysler公司面临破产，可推测出此处为：Lee Iacocca为了这家公司的生存，他将他本人的工资消减到一年只拿一美元。

故选survival。

17．A.Strictly B．Luckily
C．Strangely D．Carefully
B解析：根据下文the car soon became popular可知，此处应选Luckily表示“幸运的是”。

18．A.changed B．stopped
C．saved D．created
C解析：根据语境可知，克莱斯勒公司拿到了贷款，新车的销售也很成功，因此，公
司得救了。

故选saved。

19．A.attitude B．comment
C．concern D．career
A解析：此处表示Lee Iacocca永不放弃的态度，故选attitude。

comment“评论”；concern“关心，忧虑”；career“职业，事业”。

20．A.different B．changeable
C．hopeful D．excellent
D解析：根据语境可知，此处应表示Lee Iacocca优秀的品质，故选excellent。

Ⅲ语法填空
Can knots(结) be a form of art? It is in China. There is a long history of using knots for decoration on clothing or to hang from the ceiling or on a wall. Skilled knot 1.____________(art) make complex knots that you can take back with you as souvenirs. They have a long history and a symbolic meaning even today.
People may have 2.____________(initial) made them to record information and convey messages 3.__________people started to write. One－hundred－thousand－year－old tools have been discovered that were probably used 4.____________(tie) and untie knots, and there is a 5.____________(refer) to knots in ancient literature. But it isn’t known when they started to be used symbolically or woven for art.
It is known that they 6.____________(use) for artistic decoration and to symbolize and express thoughts and feelings in the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Empire was a large one 7.____________(cover) most of the regions of modern China, and the 8.____________(tradition) art form was carried on by succeeding generations 9.____________part of their culture.
Even today, Chinese knots are rich in symbolic meanings, and they therefore hold emotional value when given as gifts 10.____________passed down through families.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了结的发展历史和今天结的作用。

1．artists解析：考查名词。

根据该句中的“make complex knots that you can take back with you as souvenirs”可知，“Skilled knot____________”作主语，其中Skilled knot对空处进行修饰，此处缺名词，表示“人”，故可以确定应用名词artist；该词为可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故此处应用复数。

2．initially解析：考查副词。

根据该句中的动词“made”可知，空处修饰该动词，故用副词形式。

3．before解析：考查连词。

在开始用文字书写之前，人们起初可能用它们去记录和传递信息。

before意为“在……之前”，符合语境。

4．to tie解析：考查动词不定式。

be used to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“被用来做某事”。

5．reference解析：考查名词。

根据空前的不定冠词“a”并结合语境可知，此处表示“一。