研一重点词汇

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研一重点词汇
Unit 1
1. Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. (Para. 1) staff: (n.) the group of people who work for an organization
E.g. There is a good relationship between staff and pupils at the school. 以staff 做主语的句子,谓语动词可以是单数,也可以用复数
e.g.
The staff has been cut by a quarter over the past year.
The staff are not very happy about the latest pay increase.
be on the staff of: be a member of
e.g. He is on the editorial staff of the New York Times.
staff (v.)
provide with staff
e.g.How may employees will it take to staff this resort?
We have not enough money to staff all our schools.
2. serve on the staff of
e.g.Most of our offices are staffed by volunteers.
expertise
(n.) special skill or knowledge
e.g.A foreign coach has special knowledge and expertise.
We are amazed at his expertise on the ski slope.
辨析expertise (n.) 和expert (n.; adj.)
My mother is an expert at dress-making.
I thought your handling of the situation was expert
Mary has considerable expertise in French history.
We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. (Para. 2) Paraphrase:
We evaluate them by the standard traits our key players show to us.
hold sb./sth. up to: subject sb/sth. to sth. unpleasant, such as test, mockery etc.
e.g. A critic often holds up a book to ridicule or contempt.
批评家经常对某本书加以嘲笑和蔑视。

3. It deserves repeating because it is the single most public difference between academia and industry.
(Para. 4)
deserve: (v.) be worthy of
e.g.You deserve a promotion after all the hard work you have done.
I think they deserve to be congratulated.single
Used before the superlative “most”emphasizes that this is the most public difference between academia and industry
e.g.: The Middle East is the world’s single most important source of oil.
Cigarette smoking is the single most likely cause of lung cancer.
4.“The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs
of being collaborative and selfless stand out. (Para. 4)
The sentence means:
Compared with academia, the business environment requires less capability in doing individual research and there are less competitions among individual workers, so people or behaviors showing the traits of being collaborative and selfless are easily recognized.
lone wolf: someone who prefers to be alone
e.g.He is a lone wolf, apparently wanting no friends and
seeking no man.
此处是名词lone wolf 当形容词用。

stand out: to be very noticeable
e.g. We had lots of good applicants for the job, but one stood
out from the rest.
5. Many postdocs and grad students have a tough time showing that they can make this transition because so much of their life has involved playing the independent researcher role and outshining other young stars. (Para. 5)
Paraphrase:
Many postdoctors and graduate students find it very hard to adapt themselves to this transition since they have devoted much of their life to doing independent research work and trying to do better than their
peers.
Translate许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现相当费力。

因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都是在扮演一个独立研究者的角色,并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色的。

Involve
1) imply, make necessary
e.g.The operation involves putting a small tube into your heart.
2) implicate person in charge, crime etc.
e.g. The four men were all involved in organizing and carrying
out the murders.
3) include sb. or sth. in sth. or to make them take part in or feel part of it
e.g. Do we need to involve someone from the computer department at this stage in our discussion?
outshine: (v.) to be better or more impressive than sb. or sth else
e.g. Several new players outshone the veterans.
动词前缀“out–”主要有三种意思:
1)doing better than
2)e.g. She outran him.
2) being or becoming bigger, further, greater than someone or something else
e.g. She’s outgrown her clothes.
She outlived her brother.
3) outside or beyond something
e.g. an outbuilding outlying areas
6. You can make yourself more attractive to companies by working together with scientists from other laboratories and disciplines in pursuit of a common goal—and documenting the results on your résumé. (Para.
5)
介词词组“in pursuit of a common goal”当状语,相当于during the process of pursuing a common goal.
“and documenting the results on your résumé. ”意为“并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。


result (n.) : the achievement of something
e.g. She certainly knows how to get results.
For best results, always use fresh ingredients when you are cooking.
document:
(n.) a paper or set of papers with written or printed information, esp. of an official type.
e.g.A document certifying ownership.
I stamp the document.
(v.) prove by or support with documents such as references, certificates and credentials.
e.g.His interest in cricket has been well-documented by the
media.
7. In a business, you need to understand the process, but you end up falling in love with the answer and then take a risk based on what you think that answer means to your business. (Para. 9) “falling in love with the answer”means “being much interested in the answer”
翻译:在企业里,你需要了解过程,但最终你会迷上答案,然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。

end up
1) to be finally in a particular situation, state, or place , after
a series of events
e.g.Most slimmers end up putting weight back on.
Anyone who swims in the river could end up with a nasty stomach upset.
2) arrive
e.g. If you drive your car like that, you’ll end u p in hospital.
3) finish
e.g.The politician finally ended up his speech.
8. The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize his or her relationship assets above their technical assets. (Para.
11)
prioritize (v.) :to put things in order of importance so that the most
important ones are done first
e.g.When you have twenty tasks for the day, all of them urgent, it’s not easy to prioritize them.
asset: (n.)
1) the things a company owns,that can be sold to pay debts
(通常用作复数)
e.g. a corporation with $9 billion in assets
the value of a company’s assets
2) something or someone that is useful because they help you secceed or deal with problems
e.g. A sense of humor is a great asset in this business.
I think Rachel would be an asset to the department.
辨析prior; priority; prioritize
1) He had showed no signs of being in pain ______ to suffering
a heart attack.
2) Banks usually give _______ to large businesses when deciding on loans.
3) The public wants to see the fight against crime ________.
123
9. To suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships can be a very scary proposition for a person who has been valued and measured only by his mastery of things,”says Rick. (Para.
11 )
不定式短语“T o suddenly be valued and measured by your mastery of human relationships”当主语,全句的意思是:For a person who has been estimated and evaluated only by his skillfulness in dealing with the physical world, it is a very frightening prospect to be suddenly estimated and evaluated by the skillfulness in building up human relationships. proposition (n.): problem, opponent, prospect
e.g. Finding a buyer for this old car is not an easy proposition.
The proposition of working all night was quite depressing.
10. Indeed, the key players I’ve met who work at th e bench in industry have succeeded in great measure because they’ve been able to work with a broad variety of personalities, up and down the organization. (Para. 12) bench: a long heavy table used for working on with tools or equipments e.g. a carpenter’s bench 木工工作台
翻译:事实上,我所遇见的在企业工作的核心员工们之所以取得成功,很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。

in (a) great /some measure
e.g.The children were given a great measure of independence.
He is in some measure rather careless.
辨析measure , degree, extent, scope, domain
Most writers, to a greater or less _________, incline to the second view.
To what________ are you willing to help me?
Many words are outside the ________of this dictionary.
The doctor works in the _________of public domain.
2345
personality (n.):
1. someone’s character, especially the way they behave towards other people
e.g.He was an ambitious man with strong personality.
2. someone who is famous often appears in newspapers , on television etc, especially an entertainer or sports person
e.g.One of the most well-liked TV personalities
3. someone who has a very strong character and is very different from other people
e.g.He was a dynamic personality in the business world.
Unit 2
1. Sichuan, known as Nature’s Storehouse, is also a storehouse of cuisine. Here, each and every restaurant provides delicious yet economical culinary fare. (Para. 3)
fare: (n.)
1) food, especially food served in a restaurant or eaten on a special occasion
e.g. traditional Christmas fare
2)the price you pay to travel somewhere by bus, train, plane etc.
3)e.g. Air fares have shot up by 20%.
2. Guangdong Province is located in southern China, with a moderate climate and abundant produce all year round.(Para. 4) moderate: (adj.) neither very big nor very small, very hot nor very cold, very fast nor very slow etc 中等的,适度的
moderate exercise 适度的运动
a moderate income 过得去的收入
have moderate success 大致还算成功
at a moderate speed 以适中的速度
“produce”, used as a noun, means food or other things that have been grown or produced on a farm to be sold
e.g. fresh local produce 新鲜特产
dairy produce 奶产品
3. Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. (Para. 5)
light: (adj.) food or alchholic drink that is light either does not have a strong flavor or is easy to digest
e.g. 1) We had a light white wine with the fish.
2) a light, refreshing dessert
exquisite: (adj.) extremely beautiful and delicate 精致的;精美的
e.g. an exquisite hand-painted vase 精致的手绘花瓶
4. Buddha Jumping over the Wall was created in a restaurant called Gathering Spring Garden in Fuzhou, Fujian, during the reign of the Qing Emperor, Guangxu (1875-1908). (Para. 11) reign: (n.)
the period of time during which someone is king or queen
e.g. changes that took place during his reign
reign: (v.)
to rule a nation or group of nations as their king, queen, or emperor
e.g. George VI reigned from 1936 to 1952.
5. The elders select food for the young while the young make toasts to the elders. (Para. 12)
If you make a toast to someone, you drink something in order to thank them, wish them luck etc.
e.g. I'd like to make a toast to the bride and groom.
6. In China, food eaten during festivals is particularly important. At different festivals, people partake of different fare. (Para. 15)
partake of: to eat or drink something that is offered to you
e.g. 1) Grandmother likes to partake of a small glass of sherry before lunch.
2) Will you partake of a glass of wine?
1. Meanwhile, what was mediocre elsewhere—albeit
cheap and popular—has been imported. (Para. 4)
mediocre: (adj.) not very good
e.g. 1) I thought the book was pretty mediocre.
2) He’s a person of mediocre abilities.
albeit: (conj.) although; even if; even though 尽管,即使;纵然
e.g. a peaceful, albeit brief retirement
虽然短暂但却很平静的退休生活
2. From the Napa V alley to the Thames and Tokyo, non-French cooks have cracked the codes of the best French cuisine. (Para. 4) Paraphrase:Cooks from other parts of the world have learned the highlights of the French cuisine.
crack: (v.) to solve a complicated problem, or to find the answer to a mystery 解决(难题);解开(秘密)
e.g. Detectives believe they can crack the case.
侦探们相信他们可以破这个案子。

3. They have become ensnared in the red tape for which France is infamous. (Para. 5)
ensnare: (v.) to entangle or catch in (or as if in) a mesh net
e.g. Park rangers found three deer that had become ensnared in traps.
公园管理员找到了3只被困在陷阱里的鹿。

ensnared into a loveless relationship
受骗而陷入一种没有爱的关系之中
infamous: well known for something bad
e.g. an infamous criminal
臭名昭著的罪犯
4. But the real paradox of French cooking—in France, at least—is that artistic success often spells business disaster. (Para.
7)
paradox: situation or idea that is strange because it has features or qualities that you would not expect to exist together 自相矛盾的情况;似非而是的说法;悖论
e.g. the paradox of people with the best qualifications not
being able to get jobs
高学历的人无法找到工作的怪事
spell trouble/disaster/danger etc: if a situation or action spells trouble etc, it makes you expect trouble etc:
e.g. 1) The lack of rain could spell disaster for farmers.
2)These changes spell ruin for the company.
5. If the French were under the same fiscal regime as the United States, we’d be able to create twice as many jobs. (Para.
8)
regime: (n.)
1) a particular system of government or management, especially one you disapprove of
e.g. military/totalitarian/fascist regime;
brutal/oppressive/corrupt regime
2) a particular system, used especially when talking about a previous system, or one that has just been introduced
e.g. Under the new regime, all sheep and cattle will be regularly tested for disease.
6. Many small farmers and restaurateurs seem to be fighting
a rearguard action just to survive. (Para. 11)
fighting a rearguard action: to make a determined effort to prevent a change that you think is bad, although it seems too late to stop it
e.g. 1) They have been fighting a rearguard action to stop a supermarket being built on the land.
2) He fought a stubborn rearguard action against political reform.
7. The problems afflicting French cuisine are emblematic of those that plague the economy as a
whole. (Para. 12)
plague: (v.) to cause continual discomfort, suffering, or trouble to someone
e.g. 1) He has been plaguing me with silly questions.
2) Financial problems continued to plague the company.
Unit 4
Babies and children deprived of love have known to develop a wide variety of problem—for example, depression, headaches, physiological impairments, and neurotic and psychosomatic difficulties—that sometimes last a lifetime. (Para. 1)
deprived of: 剥夺;使丧失
e.g. He was deprived of his rights to education.
他被剥夺了受教育的权利。

impairment: the fact that a part of your body is unable to do something fully (身体机能的)受损
e.g. a hearing impairment 听力受损
neurotic: extremely worried about something in an unreasonable way 极端焦虑的;神经质的
psychosomatic: of or relating to a physical disorder or illness that is caused or seems to be influenced by emotional factors (疾病)由身心失调引起的
Among other things, people who like themselves are more open to criticism and less demanding of others. (Para. 3) among other things: 除了别的以外,此外
e.g. 1) She’s very keen on sport: among other things, she plays tennis twice a week.
2) At the meeting they discussed, among other things, recent events
demanding: (指人)对他人要求高的, 苛求的
e.g. Children are so demanding: they need constant attention.
Love has many dimensions. (Para. 5)
dimension: an aspect of a situation that influences the way that you think about the situation 方面;部分
e.g. 1) There is a dimension to the problem that we have not discussed.
2)There is a political dimension to the accusations.
3)Although love may involve passionate yearning, respect is
a more important quality. (Para. 6)
yearning: n. a strong desire or feeling of wanting something 向往,思慕,渴望
e.g. 1) He had a deep yearning to return to his home town.
2) I suppose it's because I live in a crowded city that I have this yearning for open spaces.
5. Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societal and group practices and expectations shape romantic experience. (Para. 10)
preteen: of, relating to, characteristic of, or designed for preteens 13岁以下儿童的
e.g. preteen fashions 青春期前儿童时装
societal: relating to a particular society, or the way society is organized
e.g. societal changes 社会变革
societal forces 社会势力
Regan and Berscheid (1999) differentiate between lust, desire, and romantic love. (Para. 11)
differentiate: to see or show a difference between things= distinguish 识别;看出······的差别
e.g. 1) Neil is color-blind and cannot differentiate between red and green.
2) It's sometimes hard to differentiate one sample from another. Once desire diminishes, disappointed lovers may wonder where the “spark”in their relationship has gone and may reminisce regretfully (and longingly) about “the good old
days”. (Para. 11)
diminish: to become less, or to make something become less (使)变小;(使)减少
e.g. Suddenly the wind diminished and the seas grew calm again. 突然风变小了,大海又平静了下来。

reminisce: v. to recall or talk about past experiences, events, etc. 追忆往事,缅怀往事;回忆,话旧
e.g. We spent the evening reminiscing about our
university days. 我们整晚都在追忆我们的大学时光。

Their loving reassurances were sweet, touching—and surprising. (Para. 3) reassurance: something that is said or done which makes someone feel
calmer and less worried or frightened about a problem
e.g. 1) Parents are looking for reassurance about their children's safety.
2) The Administration gave repeated reassurances that there was absolutely no danger to the public.
He was a Republican; she an ardent Democrat. (Para. 5)
ardent: showing strong positive feelings about an activity and determination to succeed at it
e.g. 1) He's been one of the most ardent supporters of the administration's policy.
2) an ardent baseball fan
There was a hope that they would change once they retired, and the furious winds did calm somewhat, but what remained steeled itself into bright, hard bitterness. (Para. 6)
furious: [only before noun] done with a lot of energy, effort, or anger 猛烈的,强烈的,激烈的
e.g. a furious storm 猛烈的暴风雨
a furious argument 激烈的争论
steel yourself: to prepare yourself to do something that you know will be unpleasant or upsetting
e.g. As she waited, she steeled herself for disappointment.
We’d provide the cake, the balloons, the toasts, and they’d abide by one rule: no fighting. (Para. 7)
abide by: to accept and obey a decision, rule, agreement etc, even though you may not agree with it
e.g. You have to abide by the referee's decision.
Unit 5
Yoga originated in ancient India and is one of the longest surviving philosophical systems in the world. (Para. 1) originate: come from a particular place or start in a particular situation e.g. Many Christmas traditions originated in Germany.
Many herbs originate from the Mediterranean.
Some scholars have estimated that yoga is as old as 5,000 years; (Para. 1) estimate: to try to judge the value, size, speed, cost etc of something, without calculating it exactly
e.g. The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.
Some analysts estimate its current popularity at around ten per cent.
a judgement that you make without having the exact details or figures about the size, amount, cost, etc. of sth
e.g. I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need.
Yogis claim that it is a highly developed science of healthy living that has been tested and perfected for all these years.。

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