Task8.6 Explain what is meant by redundancy

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Chapter 3 Differences in Culture

There is not a strict one-to-one correspondence between a society and a nation-state. Cultures that embrace several nations. Culture at different levels in one country.

Values form the bedrock of a culture. They provide the context within which a society’s norms are established and justified. Norms are the social rules that govern people’s actions toward one another. 3.1.1 Folkways（社会习俗）: rituals（仪式、礼仪） and symbolic behavior（标志性行为） Example: time 3.1.2 Mores 社会准则

The nature of a language also structures the way we perceive the world. Countries with more than one language often have more than one culture. Chinese is the mother tongue of the largest number of people. The most widely spoken language in the world is English, followed by French, Spanish, and Chinese.

英美文化常识(北外保送生考试常年保留题型!!!)

1.What are the two major parties in Britan?------They are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.2.What is the official full name of Britain?-----It is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.Who is the head of government in Ireland?-----It is the Prime Minister.4.Who is James Joyce?-----He is the most well-know Irish writer of the modern period.5.Who were the first Americans?------They were the Indians.6.What kind of economic system does the United States have?-----It has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.7.What is bilingualism?-----The phenomenon that English and French are the two official languages in Canada is called bilingualism.8.What are the geographical feature of Australia as a continent?------Australia is the flatest and lowest of the continents.9.What are the powers the constitution confers on the House of Representatives?------The House of Representatives has powers to make and change laws.10.What animal is a national symbol of New Zealand?------The kiwi is a national symbol of the country.11.What is the Renaissance?------Renaissance was the revival of classical literature and artistic styles in European history. 12.What are the most important journals in the U.K.?------They are the Economist,New Statesman and Society,and Spectator.13.Why is the Shannon River important to Ireland?------Because it provides electricity for much of the Republic.14.How many states are there in the United States?------There are 50 states in the United States.15.What is Hispanic?------A Hispanic is a Spanish-speaking person of the United States.16.What is the Bill of Rights?-------It is the term used for the first ten amendments to the Constitution.17.What is the Canada Council?-----It is the Canad ian Government’s funding agency.18.What is Aborigines?-------It is the term used to describe the original people of Australia.19.What was the nature of the White Australia Policy?------It was a discriminatory immigration policy,which restricted the non –whites to enter Australia.20.What are New Zealand’s main exports?------Meat,wool and dairy products are main exports.21.What was Queen Mary known as?------She was known as the “Bloody Mary”and also remembered as the monarch who lost the lastBritish possession on the continent------French port of calais.22.What did Britain become after the Industrial Revolution?-----Britain became the “workshop of the world”.23.What is the House of Lords made up of?------It is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.24.What are the two major parties in Ireland?------They are Fianna Fail and Fine Gael.25.What is meant by “Vietnamization” of the war?--------It meant that South Vietnamese troops would be war-built up to replace Americal fighting force.26.Which country is the world’s biggest producer and user of tobacco?------It is the U.S.A..27.Who was the only writer in colonial period still read today?-------He was Benjamin Franklin.28.Who was the first prime minister in Canada?------He was Sir John Macdonald.29.What was the convict system?------In the convict system, the convicts were punished by being transported to remote places. 30.How is New Zealand electricity produced?------It is produced by: firstly,hydropower;secondly,gas;thirdly,coal.31.What is the most important established Church in Britain?-----It is the Church of England.32.What is the jury’s job in Britain?------In criminal cases,it is to decide the issue of guilt or innocence.33.Where were oil and natural gas found in Britain?------Oil and natural gas are found under the North Sea.34.What are the characteristics of Ireland’s climate?-----It can be described as “mild,moist and changeable”.35.What did the real Americal Literature begin?-----It began after the America War of Independence.36.Where is the president of the United States’ offcial residence?-----The White House is his official residence.37.What kind of history do people often say that the history of Canada?------People often say that the history of Canada is a history of immigration.38.What is “urban sprawl’’?------It refers to a city that has grown over a large area of land.39.What is the way of changing the constitution in Australia?------The Constitution can be changed only by referendum.40.Where is the volcanic activity in New Zealand?------The volcanic activity can be found on the central plateau in North Island.41.What are the three natural zones in Scotland?------They are the Highlands in the north,the central Lowlands and the southern Uplands.42.What was the Gunpowder plot of 1605?------It was the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies.43.What did the English Industrial Revolution begin with?-----It began with the textile industry.44.What is the capital of Ireland?------It is Dublin.45.Which state is the largest in the United States?------Alaska is the largest one.46.What is the American foreign policy in the early 1930s?-----In the early 1930s,the American foreign policy was isolationist.47.What is affirmative action?------It is the preferential treatment for minorities and women in education and employment.48.What was established in 1670 in Canada?------The English Hudson Bay Company was established in 1670.49.Which hemisphere is Australia in?------It is in the Southern hemisphere.50.Where is the capital of New Zealand?------It is Wellington.51.Who were the Vikings?-----The Vikings were the Norwegians and the Danes from Denmark.52.Which system was completely established under William in English?-----The feudal system was completely established under William in English.53.What are the main courts of civil jurisdiction in England and Wales?-----They are the Country Courts.54.When did Ireland declare itself a republic?------Ireland declared itself a republic on April 18,1949.55.Where is known as the agricultural capital of the U.s.?-----Omaha is known as the argricultural capital of the U.S.A..56.What is the most central functions of the Congress in America?-----It is the passage of laws.57.What is Mark Twain’s ma ster work?-----It is the Adventure of Huckleberry Finn.58.Which city is Canada’s largest city?-----It is Toronto.59.What was Australia called in the 1950s?------Australia was called “the lucky country”in the 1950s.60.What do you think is the most noticeable feature of New Zealand geography?-----It is mountains widely spread all over the country where active volcanoes scatter.61.Which war was relatively smooth,with no bloodshed,nor any execution of the king in Britain? ------It is the Glorious Revolution.62.What are the three periods as far as the evolution of the British economy is concerned?-------There are steady development in the 50s and 60s,economic recession in the 70s and economic recovery in the 80s.63.What is a constitutional monarchy?------It is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule.64.What is the chief language of instruction in Ireland?-----It is English.65.Which are some of the biggest cities in the U.S.?------They are New York,Los Angeles,Chicago,San Francisco and Philadelphia.66.Who drafted The Declaration of Independence in the U.S.?------He was Thomas Jefferson..67.Which country is the world’s leading exporter of agricultural products?-----It is the United States.68.In what way does Quebec differ from the other provinces of Canada?-----It differs from the other provinces because it has strong French culture.69.What is nations largest and most diverse industry today in Australia?-----It is agriculture.70.What percentage are Maori to the population of New Zealand?------About 10% are Maori or part Maori.71.Where are mostly highland and lowland in Great Britian?-----The north and west of Britian are mainly highlands,while the east and south-east are mostly lowlands.72.What is Heptarchy?-----By the end of the 7th century, England was divided into seven kingdoms which was,called Heptarchy.73.What did England appear in the 18th century,which owed a great deal to the invention of machines?-----The Industrial Revolution appeared in England in the 18th century.74.What is the basic ethnic stock in Ireland?------It is Celtic.75.What does tariff protection mean?-----It means to get higher import taxes to protect domestic production.76.What is the full name of the U.S.?-----It is the United States of America.77.What is the general view of Americans on education?-----It is that every American has the right and obligation to become educated.78.What does Governor-General represent?----It represents the Queen.79.Which three periods are the history of Australia divided into?-----They ae the arrival of Aborigines,the colonization of Australia by the British,and the Commonwealth of Australia.80.Who was the first European come to New Zealand and What was his nationality?-----He was Abel Tasman and was a Dutchman.81.What were the forerunners of the Liberal Party in Britain?------They are Whigs.82.How many members are there in the House of Commons?------There are 651 members in the House of Commons.83.What is the difference between the ancestors of the English and Scots,Welsh and Irish?------The ancestors of the English are Anglo-Saxons,while those the Scots,Welsh and Irish are Celts.84.What is the Republican Army?------It is a terrorist or organization dedicated to the union of all Ireland as one country under one government.85.Which three countries have the largest populations in the world?------China,India and the United States have the largest population in the world.86.Who led the boycott of the bus company in Montgomery,Alabama?-----He is Martin Luther King,Jr.87.What is the “ Lost Generation”?------It refers 60s young intellectuals who becames disappointed and bitter after World War II. 88.What are most industries in Canada?------It is manufacturing.89.Who was the first Prime Minister in Australia?-----He was Edmund Barton.90.What are two main islands in New Zealand?------They are North Island and South Island.91.Who were the Lollards?----They were poor priests and travelling preachers who were John Wyclif’s followers in the 14th century.92.What has the new farming been called in Britain?----It has been called agribusiness.93.What does the NHS provide in Britain?----It provides the family health,hospital and specialist services.94.Who is the head of state in Ireland?------The head of state is the president.95.Who were the Puritans?----The Puritans were the members of a Protestand group in England who wanted to purify the Church of England.96.Which three branches is the U.S. government divided into?------They are the legislative,the executive and the judicial.97.What is adult education also called now?-------It is also called”continuing education” programs or “lifelong education” programs.98.What was the consequence of the Seven Years’ War between the British and the French?------After the Seven Years’ War, the French were forced to give up every inch of land in North America.99.What is the role of the Senate in Australia?------The senate has the very nearly equal power as the House of Representatives,except that it has no power to deal with money bills.cation in New Zealand is free,secular and compulsory,What does this sentence mean?-----It means that no tuition fee is paid,no school is run by religious party and every child must go to school to study.西方人眼中的数字生活中的数字(number)无处不在，但有写数字带有固定的象征意义。

2024届高三英语二轮复习真题长难句分析课件

And thousands of terrified(badly frightened)watchers stared with their hearts beating fast. 成千上万感到很害怕的观众盯着看，他们的心跳很快。简析：含with构成的介词短语。
Already she does many things a human being can do. 她已经会做一个人能做的许多事情。简析：含定语从句。
It wasn’t long before the police caught the thief. 很快警察抓住了那个小偷。简析：句型结构It wasn’t long before+从句，很快就…
Then, I noticed a tall man by the door, carrying something covered with brown paper. 接着，我注意到门旁一个高个子男人，拿着用棕色纸遮盖着的某种东西。简析：含两个分词短语。
In fact the more he watched the play, the more he felt himself part of it. 实际上，他越是观看这台戏剧，他越是认为自己已进入角色。简析：句型结构the more…the more…越…越…
It happened that father had sent us upstairs because he thought he would be able to lock the door—which was twenty feet away—before the animal reached it. 事情发生是这样的,爸爸先把我们送上楼，因为他原以为他能够在那个动物赶到之前(距离20英尺远)将门锁上。简析：句型结构It happened that…事情发生是这样的…

Unit 4

UNIT 4A Man from Stratford—William ShakespeareI. General Understanding of the textThis text is another form of narration. After the first paragraph, it is organized in the usual chronological order. The writer classifies William Shakespeare’s life into chronological periods, the division of which his based on a time order.One way to begin a narrative is to use the flashback technique, for example, a film may start with the main character dying on a battlefield and then relates for 110 minutes how he changed from an ordinary young man into a staunch revolutionary. This technique is to a certain extent used in the text, which begins with the signing of the will and then turns back to the beginning, the middle, and the end.Moreover, the writer uses the key word—signature—in the beginning paragraph and ends the final paragraph with the same word signaling “the end”. This technique is called the “cyclic return”.By using the two techniques, the writer tries to inform the reader about the life of Shakespeare in the most effective way possible.The tone of this text can be described as “emotional”.Examples of specific words that are used to achieve the tone:1. the most interesting part of the will…2. there is something fascination about a man…3. … that have been written about this amazing writer.4. …had made a thriving business out of its most famous citizen…5. exactly what happened…during those seven years has puzzled scholars…6. …were proof that the greatest literary career of all time…7. …more than thi rty plays as well as marvelous verse…8. …What was the source of Shakespeare’s amazingly detailed knowledge…9. …it seems astonishing that nothing remains…Examples of sentence patterns that are used to achieve the tone:1. The is no country where Shakespe are’s work is not read with something verylike awe because there is something fascinating about a man whose work was so much better than that of anyone else.2. Nobody even knows the exact date of his birth… Nor can it be proved that hewent to the excell ent local grammar school…3. it can never be proved, but it seems…Examples of sentences using superlatives to achieve the tone:1. …out of its most famous citizen…2. …would have the greatest of difficulty…3. …but of all the probabilities the most likely one is that he traveled abroad…4. were proof that the greatest literary career of all time…The above words in italics and emphatic sentences patterns are likely to arouse the strong feelings in readers. They are also used to develop the central idea—it is astonishing that nothing remains of the greatest and the most famous and the busiest writer’s own handwriting but his signature.Furthermore, this narrative has no plot in the usual sense of the word but appropriate temporal reference points are used to enable the readers to trace the flow of events.Examples of the temporal reference points that are used in the text:1….William Shakespeare was baptized there on April 26th, 1564.2. At the age of 18, he married…3. Then in 1585, this young married man…4. exactly what happened to William Shakespeare during those seven years haspuzzled…5. …he can next be traced in 1592 in London…6. During his fifteen years as a working man…7. After his death on April 23rd, 1616, ShakespeareII. Duration of Time:Six periodsIII. ObjectivesOn completion of the unit, students are expected to understand the technique ofnarration in chronological order (temporal reference points), the development of central idea, and to analyze the devices of negative structure and superlatives to achieve writer’s emphatic tone. The students are expected to make use of these narrative devices.IV. Difficult Points1. how the central idea is achieved through one word—signature2. narrative devices:Chronological (temporal) orderNegative structure to achieve emphatic toneSuperlatives to achieve emphatic toneV. Teaching ProceduresA. Bring out the topic of William Shakespeare.Shakespeare in the ParkGlobe Theatre InteriorAsk students some general questions about Shakespeare as follows:a. How is Shakespeare related to Stratford? Is Stratford the place where he wrotemost of his plays?b. Is the text about Shakespeare’s life and career? If so, what do you expect to betold?c. Is the text about Shakespeare’s personality?d. Is the text about Shakespeare’s works?With the help of these questions, the teacher takes over the topic, naturally shit the topic and draw students’ attention to the text.B. Ask students to guess the main idea of the text, then tell them to go over the text rapidly once without worrying about the new words and phrases. The suggested time limit is 5 minutes.C. Questions for the students.(1) Why was Shakespeare’s will the will of a comfortably off man?(2) How would you define a literary genius?(3) Why did the writer say “Historically speaking, Shakespeare lived onlyyesterday”?(4) What is meant by the sentence: “To plot Shakespeare’s life is to become involved in a kind of detective story where there are plenty of clues but very little else”?(5) What is meant by “…(he) realized in a flash that this was the life for him and talked one of the managers into giving him a job?(6) What is the implied meaning of the sentence “We know that as well as working on old plays he rapidly made a name for himself as an author of entirely new ones and also performed as an actor at court?Then do comprehension exercise in Workbook.D. Do the vocabulary exercise on page 30.Key: Section A: g. a. f. h. b. e. d. c.Section B: 1. money or property left to someone by a will; 2. privately owned piece of land with a large house; 3. talented man; 4. mixed feeling of respect, fear and wonder; 5. prosperous, successful; 6. work out an outline for…;7. become engaged in something; 8. something that helps to find an answer to aquestion; 9. clearly, obviously; 10. very firm belief; 11. enoughE. Details of the text.(1) legacy: property(2)comfortably off: having enough money, with enough money to live in comfortCf. well-off, badly-offOff: adj. having the stated amount of something, especially money(3) amount to: reach (a certain number, amount or degree)(4) thriving: profitable, prosperousthrive: vi.(5) swan: (literal meaning)a large graceful aquatic bird with webbed feet and along slender neck and usually with white plumageIn the text, swan is a nickname for Shakespeare(6) plot (Shakespeare’s life): draw an outline of something(7) register: record(8) well: to a considerable extent, much, quite(9) baptize: dip / immerse in water during baptism(10) confirm: verify, prove to be trueconfirmation(11) apparently: clearly(12) in a flash: instantly, quickly(13) talk the manager into giving him a job: persuade the manager to give him ajob(14) refer to him in writing: mention(15) working on old plays: improve, revise(16) made a name for himself: made himself famous(17) bundle: package, a number of objects bound, wrapped, held together(18) inspire: stimulate to creativity or actionVI. Oral WorkA. Role-play: Theatre and CinemaSituation: John and Tom are god friends. Tom has got two tickets for the film, Hamlet, while John has got two tickets for the play Twelfth Night. The tickets are for the same night. Each is trying to persuade the other to go with him.B. Interaction Activities: The Best Play / Film I have seenPair up with your partner. Tell him / her about the best play / film you have seen.Your partner may ask you what it is about and why you like it so much.VII. Exercises in Workbook.。

2020年高考英语之纠错笔记专题11：阅读理解附答案

专题11 阅读理解易错点1 只见树木不见森林，误把细节当主题（2019·新课标全国卷II）Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s ＂me＂time. An d like more Americans, she’s not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.＂I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？＂Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. ＂Today，I just wanted some time to myself，＂she said.Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). ＂I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,＂he said. ＂It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.＂That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. ＂It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,＂said Laurie Demerit，whose company provided the statistics for the report.31. What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance of self-reflection.C. The stress from working overtime.D. The advantage of wireless technology.【错因分析】一篇文章都是围绕着一个中心思想或一个话题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。

托福9月24日独立写作和独立口语机经

Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Should schools require young children (5 to 11 years old) to learn from each other in group discussions?Yes 1.2. Cultivate theDo you agree or disagree with the following statement？Social media is a good way to express personal views.Some people like to travel by themselves, while others prefer to be led by a tour guide. Which do you prefer？Do you agree or disagree with the statement? It is difficult for teachers to be both popular (students like them) and effective in helping students to learn?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Athletes and entertainers should not get involved in politics.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？People should not spend a lot of time on communicating by technologies, such as through social media or with text messages.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？People now are more interested in improving the neighborhood than in the past.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？Governments have done enough to educate people the importance of a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Schools should use computers as a tool of education for children aged 4 to 7.Some people are more content with the life in the big city, while others think that they will be more satisfied to live in the village small towns instead. Which do you prefer?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？All teachers should be required to take courses to upgrade their knowledge every five years.缺一不可Who is better for group work? A person that does what the group wants him to do, or a person that holds strong opinions different from what the group wants. /How to succeed? Some people believe it is important to hold on to their views. Others believe we should embrace new ideas.Some people believe that taking field trips (e.g. going to the museum) is an important part of children’s education. Others believe that it is better for children to study at school.变量型Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？It is better to relax by watching a movie or reading a book than relax by doing physical exercise.含绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to improve the quality of education in a country is to increase teachers’salaries.三选一Your community has a piece of land and is considering introducing a business to this land. Which business would you prefer?1. A shopping mall2. A performing art center3. A hotel.Some people think at the start of a new year, it’s important to set a goal of improving a specific aspect of life. They call it a new-year resolution. Which of the following new-year resolution would you choose?1. Help others in your community2. Improve your health by exercising more and eat nutritious food3. Manage your time betterA high school is thinking about making one of the following classes a required class for high school students. Which option will you recommend high school students to take at school and why?1. Personal finance management2. Cooking class3. Auto repairDuring economic crisis, the government tries to reduce money in certain public service areas. Which one do you think the government should spend less money into?1. Education2. Health Care3. Support for Unemployed口语二选一You are admitted to two universities at the same time. One is prestigious but has a high tuition and the other is not but gives you a scholarship. Which would you go to and why?I will choose the second one. As an international student, tuition is an very important aspect which must be considered when I am choosing my suitable university. If I go to the first one, may be my parents will have a heavy financial burden in their lives. They have paid too much for raising me up.In additional, I can finish my undergraduate course in the worse one comparatively, and I can continue finishing my PHD or Master degree in a better school. This way will cost less money and receive the best education at the same time.When you’re going on a vacation with your friend, would you go on an expensive trip to a place that you’ve never visited before or a cheaper trip to a place that you’ve been to before? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.I will choose the first option.Although maybe more money will be paid to have a travel to that place, I can enjoying the beautiful scenery or experiencing the local culture, which can broaden my horizon and fulfill my inner world. Traveling to a place which having been visited is totally meaningless. It is just a waste of time. This wasted time can be used to have a good rest,learn some new knowledge or finish some valuable things.Some people prefer to spend their free time with a group of friends. Others prefer to spendtheir free time with just one person at a time. Which do you prefer? Why?Some people prefer to go traveling on their vacation. Others prefer to stay at home. Which do you prefer? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Some people believe that talking with other people is the key to success in college. Others believe observing others in silence is better. What is your opinion and why? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.If you were to choose a class to study for fun, which one would you choose? An art class ora science class?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Happiness comes when we helpothers rather than from ourselves? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Is it better to grow up in a large family or a small family? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.When finding a place to live near the campus, some people prefer to share a house withseveral others. Others prefer to rent an apartment alone. Which do you prefer? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Some people prefer to study on their own whereas others prefer to attend lectures. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples to support your reasons.Some people prefer to listen to audio books whereas others prefer to read printed books. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your choice.Some people prefer to buy new books while others prefer to buy used ones. Which do you prefer? Please use examples and reason to support your choice.Some people prefer to live in spacious and new places far from their workplace and/orschool whereas others prefer to live in small and old places near their workplace and/or school. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your answer.Some people prefer to have their broken furniture or household appliances fixed by professionals while others prefer to fix them by themselves. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your choice.建议A friend of yours always gets up late in the morning and misses his morning classes. The professor has told him that this behavior will affect his grade. What advice would you give him and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.Your friend has to work a lot. Please suggest a hobby to him to help him spend his weekend in a more delightful way. Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.解释Do you agree or disagree with the following statement-we should let children use the computer or other electronic devices as early as they can? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: parents should decide their children’s career? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Some people prefer to engage in activities alone. Others prefer to participate in a groupactivity. Which do you prefer and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.A close family member of your friend is sick. What can you do to comfort your friend? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Your friend would like to take one year to something else before starting their studies atthe university. Do you think if it is a good idea? Please include specific examples and details inyour explanation.A friend of yours has just moved to a new city. Please give some advice to your friend about how to make friends in a new city. Please include specific details and examples in your response.What is the most effective way to resolve disagreements between friends? Explain why.Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement—our life today is better than the life in the past? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement-we learn from failure, not from success? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Some countries now take measures to attract a large amount of foreign tourists. Discussthe advantage and disadvantage of attracting a large amount of foreign tourists. Please include details and examples in your explanation.What are the benefits of talking to older family members such as your uncles, aunts,or grandparents? Please use examples and reasons to support your answer.The university would like to shorten the summer break and break it down into severalshorter breaks throughout the year. Do you agree or disagree with this? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: You should consult your family members before making important decisions? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: the purpose of art is to guide our life? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement-college education is more important in the modem society than in the past? Explain why. Please include details and examples inyour explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents today put more pressure ontheir children than parents in the past? Explain why. Please include specific examples and detailsin your explanation.Do you agree with the following statement: the university should require all students to own a laptop? Please use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.You are a leader of a student organization. There is a freshman student who is nervous inthis environment. What would you do to help this student in this new environment?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: protecting the environment is justas important as developing the economy?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: zoos are more beneficial than harmful to animals? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the statement: employees should be prohibited to listen to music at work? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree with the following statement: it is important to live close to one’s family and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree that it is acceptable that students disagree with their instructor?Please include details and examples in your explanation.描述Describe a person you enjoy talking with and explain why. Please include specific examplesand details in your explanation.Talk about your favorite book when you were a child, explain why you liked to read it in details.Which member in your family shares similar traits and behavior with you and why? Pleaseuse examples and reasons to support your explanation.Describe a member in your family whose personality is different. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.Students attend different clubs in college, such as the science club, hiking club, etc. Which one are you interested in? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.What kind of strategy do you use to handle an overwhelming amount of work.Describe the way your country improve the education system. Please include details and examples in your explanation.三选一Which of the following occupations do you prefer to be most-an actor or actress, acomputer programmer, or a business owner? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.The university is organizing a visit to one of the following workplaces—a science lab, a business office, or a TV studio. Which will you choose to visit and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Which one of the following would you take as a part-time job—a position as a lab assistant, campus tour guide, or library clerk and why? Please include specific examples and details inyour explanation.Which of the following occupations do you consider the most important for the city, a policeman, a public transportation worker, or a building designer? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.Your community center now offers classes on the weekends for free. Which of the following class will you choose to take: a financial course to help you manage money, car maintenance and repair, or review of Latin-American music?Which of the following would you like to learn: playing the piano, swimming, or repairing a car? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Your school has received a gift of money. What do you think is the best way for your schoolto spend this money: improving student life, sports facilities, or research technology? Usespecific reasons and examples to support your choice.If you are recruited as a volunteer to help the community protect the environment, which of the following would you choose to do: cleaning up trash and litter on the street, planting treesand flowers in town or teaching children to be environmentally friendly?Where would you choose to live, close to where your workplace or school, close to your family, or close to public transits and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your choice.。

北外基础英语98-06

北京外国语大学1998年硕士研究生入学考试基础英语试卷试卷Please write all the answers on the answer sheets.Time Limit：3 hoursRead the following passage:ARCHIBALD MACLEISH: Bicentennial of What?An address at the Bicentennial commemoration of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia.It is a common human practice to answer questions without truly asking them and the A merican bicentennial is merely the latest instance. Everyone knows what the Bicentennial c elebrates: the 200th anniversary of the adoption, by the Continental Congress, of the Decla ration of Independence. But no one asks what the Bicentennial is because no one asks wh at the Declaration was. The instrument of announcing American independence from Great Britain? Clearly that: but is that all it was? Is it only American independence from Great Britain we are celebrating on July 4, 1976——only the instrument which declared our ind ependence? There have been other declarations of unilateral independence from Great Brita in which no one is likely to remember for 200 years, much less to celebrate.“All men” are said in that document to be created equal and to have been endowed with certain unalienable rights. All governments are alleged to have been instituted among me n to secure those rights ——to protect them. Are these, then, American rights? Doubtless ——but only American? Is it the British Government which is declared to have violated t hem? Unquestionably——but the British Government alone? And the revolution against tyr anny and arrogance which is here implied ——is it a revolution which American independ ence from the mediocre majesty of George III will win or is there something more intend ed? ——something for all mankind? ——for all the world?In the old days when college undergraduates still read history,any undergraduate could h ave told you that these are not rhetorical questions: that they were, from the beginning, t wo opinions about the Declaration and that they were held by (among others) the two gre at men who had most to do with its composition and its adoption by the Congress.John Adams, who supported the Declaration with all his formidable powers, inclined to th e view that it was just what is called itself: a declaration of American independence. Tho mas Jefferson, who wrote it, held the opposite opinion: it was a revolutionary proclamatio n applicable to all mankind.“May it be the world”, he wrote to the citizens of Washington a few days before he die d, “what I believe it will be: to some parts sooner, to others later, but finally to all, the signal of arousing m en to burst the chains…”And he went on in reverberating words: “The mass of mankind has not been born with s addles on their backs for a favored few, booted and spurred, ready to ride them by the g race of God.”Moreover, these two great and famous men were not the only Presidents of the Republic to choose between the alternatives: A third, as great as either, speaking in Philadelphia at the darkest moment in our history ——bearing indeed the whole weight of that history on his shoulders as he spoke ——turned to the Declaration for guidance for himself and for his country and made his choice between the meanings.Mr. Lincoln had been making his way slowly eastward in February 1861 from Springfield to Washington to take the oath of office as President of a divided people on the verge of Civil War. He had reached Philadelphia on the 21st of February where he had been tol d of the conspiracy to murder him in Baltimore as he passed through that city. He had g one to Independence Hall before daylight on the 22nd. He had found a crowd waiting. He had spoken to them.He had often asked himself. Mr. Lincoln said, what great principle or idea it was which had held the Union so long together. “It was not,” he said, as though replying directly to John Adams, “the mere matter of the separation from the mother country.”It was something more. “Something in the Declaration,” they heard him say. “Something giving liberty not alone to the people of this country but hope to the world.” “It was tha t which gave promise that in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men.”Anyone else, any modern President certainly, would have said, as most of them regularly do, that his hope for the country was fixed in huge expenditures for arms, in the possessi on of overwhelming power. Not Mr. Lincoln. Not Mr. Lincoln even at that desperate mo ment. His hope was fixed in a great affirmation of belief made almost a century before. I t was fixed in the commitment of the American people, at the beginning of their history as a people, to “ a great principle or idea”: the principle or idea of human liberty ——o f human liberty not for themselves alone but for mankind.It was a daring gamble of Mr. Lincoln’s ——but so too was Mr. Jefferson’s Declaration ——so was the cause which M r. Jefferson’s Declaration had defined.Could a nation be founded on the belief in liberty? Could belief in liberty preserve it? Two American gene rations argued that issue but not ours ——not the generation of the celebrants of the 200 th anniversary of tha t great event. We assume, I suppose, that Mr. Jefferson‟s policy was right for him and right for Mr. Lincoln, because it was successful. But whatever we think about Mr. Lincoln‟ view of the Declaration, whatever we believe about the Declaration i n the past, in other men‟s lives, in other men‟s wars, we do not ask ourselves, as we cel ebrate its Bicentennial, what it is today, what it is to us.Our present President has never intimated by so much as a word that such a question mi ght be relevant ——that it even exists. The Congress has not debated it. The state and F ederal commissions charged with Bicentennial responsibility express no opinions. Only the generation of the young, so far as I am informed, has even mentioned it, and the present generation of the young has certain understanble prejudices, inherited from the disillusion ments of recent years, which color their comments…Express your view that the nation brought into being by hat great document was, and had no choice but be, a revolutionary nation, and you will be reminded that, but for the acci dental discovery of a piece of tape on a door latch, the President of the United States in the Bicentennial year would have been Richard Nixon.And so it will go until you are t old at last that the American Revolution is a figure of obsolescent speech; that the Declar ation has become a museum exhibit in the National Archives; and that, as for the Bicente nnial, it is a year-long commercial which ought to be turned off.Well, the indignation of the young is always admirable regardless of its verbal excesses ——far more admirable, certainly, than the indifference of the elders. But, unfortunately, it is the indifference of the elders we have to consider. And not only because it is a puz zling, a paradoxical, indifference but because it is as disturbing as it is paradoxical.Does our indifference to the explicitly revolutionary purpose of the Declaration －our sile nce about Mr. Jefferson‟s interpretation of that purpose ——mean that we no longer belie ve in that purpose ——no longer believe in human liberty? Hardly?...But if this is so, if we still believe in the cause of human liberty, why do we celebrate t he anniversary of the document which defined it for us without a thought for the meaning of the definition, then or now? Why have we not heard from our representatives and our officials on his great theme?Is it because, although the Republic continues to believe in human liberty for itself, it no longer hopes for it in the world? Because it no longer thinks such a hope “realistic”?...So far,indeed, is Mr. Jefferson’s revolution from being obsolete that it is now the only tr uly revolutionary force in the age we live in.And not despite the police states but becaus e of them.In 1945, when e had driven the Nazis out of Europe and the Japanese out of the Pacific in the name of human freedom and human decency, we stood at the peak, not only of ou r power as a nation but of our greatness as a people. We were more nearly ourselves, ou r true selves as the inheritors of Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln, than we had ev er been before. And yet within a few years of that tremendous triumph, of the unexample d generosity of our nuclear offer to the world, of the magnificence of the marshall Plan, we were lost in the hysterical fears and ignoble deceits of Joe McCarthy and his follower s and had adopted, as our foreign policy, the notion that if we “contained” the Russian initiative, we would some how or other be better off ourselves than if we pursued our histo ric purpose as Jefferson conceived it.The result, as we now know, was disaster. And not only in Southeast Asia and Portugal and Africa but throughout the world, Containment put us in bed with every anti-Communist we could find including some of the most offensive despots then in business. It produced flagrantly subversive and shameful plots by American agencies against the duly elected governments of other countries. And it ended by persuading the new countries of the postwar world, the emerging nations, that he United States was to them and to their hopes what the Holy Alliance had been to us and ours 200 years before.I. Explain the following in your own words:1. All governments are alleged to have been instituted among men to secure those rights －to protect them.2. In th e old days when college undergraduates still read history…(1) What isthe implication of this statement?(2) How do you know?3. … who had most to do with its composition and its adoption by the Congress.4. May it be to the world, what I believe it will be: to some parts sooner, to others later, but finally to all, the signal of arousing men to burst the chains…5. The mass of mankind has not been born with saddles… by the grace of God.6. It was that which gave promise… from the shoulders o f all men.7. It was a daring gamble… which Mr. Jefferson‟s Declarationhad defined.(1) What does “daring gamble” refer to?(2) What was the cause the Declarationhad defined?8. Our present president … that it even exists.9. …you will be reminded… would have been Richard Nixon.10. … regardless of itsverbal excesses11. So far is Mr. Jefferson‟s revolution from being obsolete…but because of them.12. And it ended by persuading… to us and ours 200 years before.II. What is the message the speaker wants to put across?III. Translate the following passage into English:“主人翁意识”，在我看来，也就是“所有者的意识”。

2020浙江新高考英语二轮复习专题第三讲理解主旨要义——主旨大意题【含答案】

第三讲理解主旨要义——主旨大意题主旨大意题是阅读理解中难度较大的一类题目，是拉开分数差距的一个重要考查点。

因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。

文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。

此类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。

高考主旨大意题题量统计考纲解读年份浙江卷(1)主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。

(2)它既考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，难度较大。

(3)有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义；有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。

2019.6 2(标题归纳题；段落大意题)2018.11 1(标题归纳题)2018.6 1(标题归纳题)2017.11 1(文章大意题)2017.6 1(文章大意题)【考查特点】Ⅰ.把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式：(1)What would be the best title for the text？/What is the topic of the text?(2)The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is ________．(3)The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on ________．(4)What is mainly discussed in the text?(5)What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(6)Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?(7)The passage mainly focuses on ________．Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度：(1)标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。

2019年高考英语考纲解读与热点难点突破专题16追本溯源阅读理解之推理判断与主旨大意热点难点突破

专题16 追本溯源阅读理解之推理判断与主旨大意一、“Can I see my baby？” asked the happy new mother.The bundle(婴儿包) was placed in her arms and when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face，she gasped—the baby had been born without ears.Time，however，proved that the b aby’s hearing was perfect except his appearance.One day when he rushed home from school and threw himself into his mother’s arms，he cried out bitterly，“A boy，a big boy...called me—a freak.” She sighed，knowing that his life was to be endless of heartbreaks.He grew up，handsome for his misfortune.A favorite with his fellow students，he might have been class president，but for that.He developed a gift for literature and music.The boy’s father had a talk with the family doctor.“Could nothing be done？” “I believ e we could graft(移植) on a pair of outer ears，if they could be donated，” the doctor decided.So the search began for a person who would make such a sacrifice for a young man.Two years went by.Then，“You’re going to the hospital，son.Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need.But it’s a secret.” said the father.The operation was a brilliant success.His talents blossomed into genius.School and college became a series of ter，he married and entered the diplomatic(外交) service.“But I must know！” he urged his father.“Who gave so much for me? I could never do enough for him.” “I do not believe you could，” said the father，“but the agreement was that you are not to know...not yet.”The years kept the secret，but the day did come—one of the darkest days that ever passed through a son.He stood with his father over his mother’s casket(棺材).Slowly and tenderly，the father stretched forth a hand and raised the thick，reddish-brown hair to let out the secret.1.The story is mainly about .A.how a boy had new ears through an operationB.what a devoted parent privately did for the childC.how a disabled boy turned into a useful personD.why a donator made a sacrifice to a bright boy答案 B解析主旨大意题。

精卫填海英语作文模板

The tale of Jingwei filling the sea is a classic Chinese myth that symbolizes perseverance and determination.Here is an English composition template based on this story,which you can use as a guide to write your own essay.Title:The Unyielding Spirit of JingweiIntroduction:Introduce the myth of Jingwei as a symbol of unrelenting effort and the pursuit of a seemingly impossible goal.Mention the origin of the story and its significance in Chinese culture.Paragraph1:Background of the StoryDescribe the setting of the story,including Jingweis transformation into a bird after her death.Explain the reason behind her mission to fill the sea with stones and twigs,which was to avenge her fathers death caused by a flood.Paragraph2:The Symbolism of Jingweis ActionsDiscuss how Jingweis actions represent the human spirits ability to overcome adversity and the power of determination.Explain the metaphor of the small bird attempting to fill the vast sea,illustrating the struggle between the individual and overwhelming odds.Paragraph3:Lessons from Jingweis TaleReflect on the moral of the story and what it teaches us about persistence,courage,and the importance of setting goals.Discuss how Jingweis story can inspire individuals to face their challenges with unwavering resolve.Paragraph4:Modern Interpretations and ApplicationsExplore how the story of Jingwei has been adapted and reinterpreted in modern times, such as in literature,art,and motivational speeches.Discuss how the values embodied by Jingwei can be applied to contemporary issues and personal growth.Conclusion:Summarize the key points of the essay,emphasizing the enduring relevance of Jingweis tale.Conclude with a personal reflection on the impact of the story on your own life and the lessons it imparts about resilience and determination.Remember to use vivid language and descriptive imagery to bring the story to life in your composition.Additionally,consider incorporating quotes or references from the original myth to add depth and authenticity to your essay.。

天津英语翻译公司美文欣赏

专心翻译做到极致Life Beyond the Earth1. About the authorJoel Achenbach is an American staff writer for The Washington Post and the author of six books, including The Grand Idea , Captured by Aliens , and three compilations of hissyndicated newspaper column "Why Things Are". He wrote a monthly science column for National Geographic magazine and has been a commentator on National Public Radio's Morning Edition . His writing has been featured in the 2007 Word-A-Day calendar. He graduated from Princeton University in 1982 with an A.B. degree in politics. Achenbach lives in Washington, D.C., with his wife and three daughters.He has a regular blog on the website as well, attracting a small audience of devoted fans as well as a larger group of casual readers.A large degree of the conversations on Achenblog tend to arc back to previous posts, creating a large litany of phrases and comments that are somewhat opaque to the average reader.2. Meanings of the TitleLife beyond Earth contains two meanings:A. there might be live organisms in the universe.B. there might be intelligence or alien civilizations out in the universe, e.g. UFO.3. Structure of the TextPart I (Paras1-2) the emergence of lifePart II Para3 (transition) what else is alive out there?Part III (Paras4-10) search of lifePart IV (Paras11-23) search for intelligencePart V (Paras24-42) Mars and the debatePart VI(Paras43-45) Allen’s argumentPart VII (Paras 46-51) conclusion4. Detailed Study of the Text专心翻译做到极致 Para 1.1. What does the author mean by “life” in the first paragraph?2. Does the word “life” mean the same thing throughout the article?3. In what way is “life” qualitatively different from rock?Para. 21. Life has a way of being obvious, and yet, it’s notoriously difficult to define in absolute terms.Paraphrase: It is not difficult to determine whether a thing has a life or not, but when it comes to giving “life” a clear, complete, satisfactory definition, people find it extremely difficult.2. In at least one instance, life has become profoundly self-aware.What sort of life can become self-aware?Para. 31. What else is alive out there?Out there: in space beyond the earth.Paraphrase: Is there anything similar to human life in other parts of the universe?Para. 41. There may be no scientific mystery so tantalizing at the brink of the new millennium and yet so resistant to an answer.At the turn of the new millennium, one may not find anything which is scientifically unknown to human beings so intriguing and yet so difficult to answer as the issue of extraterrestrial life.2.Extraterrestrial life represents an enormous gap in our knowledge of nature.专心翻译做到极致 Whether there is life beyond Earth means that, in nature, there are a great number of things we don’t know.3. With instrument s…a single inhabited world.With the help of advanced technology such as a Hubble Space Telescope, scientists have discovered a very large amount of cosmic material and yet they have not discovered any life on any other planet.Para. 51. The late astronomer…in our galaxy alone.What is meant by “technological civilizations?”The author may mean civilizations with high technology. And he tries to differentiate such development from intellectual and cultural development.2. …who thinks we may well be alone in this galaxy if not in the universe.Paraphrase:…who thinks that most probably we are the only life form in this galaxy, even though we may not be able to say we are the only one in the universe.Para. 61. All the estimates are highly speculative.Paraphrase:…who thinks that most probably we are the only life form in this galaxy, even though we may not be able to say we are the only one in the universe.2. The fact is there is no conclusive enidence of any life beyond earth.Paraphrase: The fact is there is no decisive (or final) evidence proving that there is life beyond Earth.3.Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.Paraphrase: The fact that we do not have evidence showing there is life beyond Earth does not mean that we can come to the conclusion that there is actually no life beyond Earth专心翻译做到极致 4. But still we don’t have any solid knowledge about a single alien microbe, much less a passing alien starship.Paraphrase: So far we don’t know firmly that there exi sts a single microscopic organism in another world, to say nothing of a starship coming from another world in the universe passing the Earth.Para. 71. Our ideas about extraterrestrial life are what Sagan called “plausibility arguments”, usually shot through with unknowns, hunches, ideologies, and random ought-to-be.1)What is meant by “plausible arguments”?It means reasons offered which appeared to be convincing but which may not be true.2)random ought-to-bePossible things which are chosen without specific aim2. Even if we convince ourselves that there must be life out there, we confront a second problem, which is that we don’t know anything about that life.Note the choice of words: “convince ourselves” “must be”, all indicating subjective wishing without clear, definite evidence.3.We don’t know how truly alien it is.Paraphrase: We don’t know whether it is entirely different or not.Para. 81. What role does this paragraph play?It serves as another transition, moving from speculation to naming the field of research.2. What is meant by “the enveloping nebula of uncertainties”?The enveloping nebula of uncertainties introduces two ideas: the first is the cloud of gas and dust obscures things; the second is, as a result, it is unclear what has been wrapped up in the cloud of gas and dust, what is inside the enveloping nebula.专心翻译做到极致 Para. 91. …examining them for the atmospheric signatures of a living world.Paraphrase: …examining these planets to see if the surrounding atmosphere can be identified as fitting for life.2. If microbes can live…not so shabby.1).What are the two conditions given in this statement?They refer to places without water or air or sunlight, and places where the temperature is extremely high.2). What is meant by “Then they might find a place like Mars not so shabby”? Notice the tone of the sentence.Para. 101. Mars is in the midst…for fossils.Why is “full -scale invasion” used here? How can Mars be invaded?The author is using this phrase in a humorous way, comparing the full-scaleinvestigation and study of Mars to full-scale invasion. With one scientific instrument after another landing on Mars, it is like the landing of an invasion army.2. …and could conceivably harbor a dark, cold biosphere.Paraphr ase: …and it is possible and imaginable that you will find a large variety of living organisms in this underground and cold place.Para. 111. The quest for an alien microbe is supplemented by…communicative.Paraphrase: Parallel with the search for a microbe on other planets, efforts have been made to look for alien intelligence as a sign of civilization.2.SETI…each year.1) How long has the research been going on?2) Has it produced any result?专心翻译做到极致 3) What is implied in the second half of the statement b eginning with “but”?The implication is that with the development and progress of signal-processing technology, the time is more likely to come when we get a confirmed signal.3.The optimists figure it’s only a matter of time before we tune in the right channel. Paraphrase: Those who are optimistic think that as time goes on, we will some day get the signal sent out by an alien civilization as long as we tune in the right channel.Para. 121. No one knows when…or if…What does the author meant by “when” and “if”?“When” indicates time, showing the speaker might believe it is possible; “if” shows the speaker doubts whether it is possible.2. …but I’d bet the breakthrough is many years, if not decades, away.1) Pa y attention to the “if not” pattern:The breakthrough is many years, if not decades, away.We may well be alone in this galaxy if not in the universe.2) Paraphrase: But I am sure that a strikingly important advance will not come in a few years time, not even in tens of years.3. The simple truth: extraterrestrial life, by definition, is not conveniently located. Paraphrase: The simple fact is: alien life, since it refers to life on other planets in the universe, cannot be found easily.Para. 131. What are the reasons, according to the author, which sustain the search for alien organisms?What’s meant by “Life radiates information about itself”?2. What are the reasons, according to the author, which sustain the search for alien organisms?The reasons are: 1) the universe looks to be a place suitable for the existence of life; 2) if that is the case, life will give out signs of its existence and these can be detected.3.What’s meant by “Life radiates information about itself”?Life sends out signals of its existence, the signal being light or heat or electromagnetic waves or other manifestations.4. …that life…the unknown.What does “that life” refer to?…that life refers to the life in the universe.to remain forever in the realm of the unknown: not being able to be found or confirmed, remain hidden from human knowledge forever. (it will be discovered by human effort in the end).Para. 141.Why would exobiologists settle gladly for the discovery of a tiny fossil?Since we have no present prospect of finding an alien civilization, scientists would be happy to find even miniscule remains of life elsewhere in the universe because that would suggest that life could exist somewhere else in the universe.2. That is what we need to begin the long process of putting human existence in its true cosmic context.Paraphrase: The long process of regarding this human inhabited world as only one example of the universe humming with life.Originally we regard our world as the only one in the universe which is inhabited by intelligent humans, but we need to change our view and regard this world as one of the many in the universe.3.Why do exobiologists go to the worst places on Earth? What sort of places are considered the worst places? What are they looking for?The worst places are places with the worst conditions, places which are most unsuitable for the survival of life organisms, places which are extremely dry without a drop of water, places which are extremely cold or hot. They go to these places because they think if专心翻译做到极致专心翻译做到极致they can find life organisms in these places, then it is probable that life also exists in similar conditions out in the universe. They will have all the more reason to search for alien life.Para. 151. Why, according to the author, do the exobiologists have such lasting optimism?Because they know that living things are constructed of hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen and these four elements are very common and active in the universe. Since this is the case, there is no reason not to believe there might be living things in the universe.2. And life is inextricably interwoven with nonlife; not even the sharpest razor can perfectly slice them apart.Life is closely linked with nonlife and there is no way of completely separating the two, not even with a sharp knife or razor.“the sharpest razor” is used as a metaphor, to show the impossibility of cutting them apart.Para. 161. What examples does the author give to show that a functioning ecosystem does not require sunlight or photosynthesis?The author give two example: one is microbes in the basaltic rock deep beneath the earth; the other is more advanced life, such as shrimp near hot vents at the bottom of an ocean.2. When scientists in the deep-sea submersible Alvin went tooling round the mid-ocean ridges, they found hot vents covered with shrimp and mouthless tube worms.1) Where did they find the shrimps and mouthless tube worms?2) What does this discovery show?.Paras. 17-191. What are the characteristics of extraterrestrial life among us?专心翻译做到极致2. The believers in these aliens are not likely to be convinced that ETs are a bogus phenomenon.Paraphrase: People who believe in the existence of space aliens would not accept the argument that ETs are imitations of human beings for the purpose of deceiving.3. True believers and skeptics rarely go over to the other side.Paraphrase: Neither those who genuinely believe that space aliens are lurking in our midst nor those who firmly reject such an idea are likely to change their views and join the other side.4. I think it’s fair to say that flying -saucer aliens lack scientific stature.Paraphrase: I think it is reasonable to say that space aliens, as popularly imagined, have never achieved scientific credibility.“Stature” functions as a pun, implying physical size but also a status worthy of the respect of mainline science.5. If they insist on being so jumpy…natural history museum.1) What does “they” refer to?2) Why does the author think such aliens have no right to enter a reputable natural history museum?Para 201. The aliens are an extrapolation of modern astronomy and engineering, but they also possess some ancient urge to come to Earth and mess with human beings.Notice the tone of the statement and use your own words to paraphrase it.2. What makes space aliens so fascinating?Para 211. What is the Fermi paradox? What are the four possibilities raised in connection with the paradox?2. Humans could theoretically…do the same.专心翻译做到极致 1) Why is this word “theoretically”. used here? What idea is conveyed?2) How long would it take even in theory?3) Notice the usage of the word “colonize”.4) The meaning of “older civilizations”.3. It’s just le ss than 25 trillion miles from Earth to the nearest star beyond the sun. Note the usage of the word “just”.Para 231. The alien is a Hollywood stock character but not a Hollywood creation.Why does the author say the alien is not a Hollywood creation?Paraphrase: The alien is a character used too much in Hollywood films so it has become hackneyed but the idea of extraterrestrial life was not first brought up by Hollywood.Para 241. Missing from the debate, typically, was the one Evidence.Comment on the writing of this sentence.2. That seemed to change with the apparent discovery of the Martian canals.What does “that” refer to?Para 251. Why did Lowell think that the Martians would certainly have to be superior to people on Earth?2. ….took the idea from there.… (they) started their investigation from where Schiaparelli left off3. 1) Did this remark reveal anything about Lowell’s view of people on Earth?Yes. This remark was a criticism of the wars and other conflicts among people (nations)专心翻译做到极致on Earth.2) How did “The War of the Worlds” tweak the idea?Lowell’s idea was the Martians were superior to human beings because they could live in harmony while H.G. twisted that view sharply by portraying the Martians as equally bad as humans, bent on conquering with more advanced weapons.Para 261. The Martians, alas, were doomed, except as cultural artifacts.What’s the tone of the sentence?Para 271. Though the mission…a two -decade funk.1) Why was the mission a fantastic triumph of science and technology?The landing of the Viking landers showed that scientists could build instruments which were able to land accurately on Mars and make surveys and send back information. All these are great achievements.2) Why did the discovery put exobiology into a two-decade funk?The accurate information was a terrible blow to expectation that there might be traces of organic molecules on Mars. It wiped out any easy illusion that there had been or could be life on Mars. For twenty years exobiology could not recover from such a blow.Para 281. Comment on the organization of Para. 28 and 29.2. What brought about the change of the mood?Para 291. What was the discovery as was announced on August 7, 1996 by a NASA team?专心翻译做到极致 2. Has this discovery been challenged? How do the challenges argue?Para 301. Everyone realized the historical glory…of being wrong.Paraphrase the sentence in your own words.Para 311. So began, that day, …debate.Inversion is used here for better connection of the two sentences and emphasis.2. What was the result of three years’ debate?The critics felt they had more or less disproved the claim made for the Mars rock. The defenders thought this was a typical example of scientific resistance to a revolutionary idea.To beat a dead horse: (colloquial) to argue an issue that is already settled.3. When Everett Gibson remarked that “science doesn’t accept radical ideas quickly”, do you think he had a point there? Why (not)?Yes, examples are many. For example: the uproar over test-tube babies or the debate over genetically modified food.Para 351. Comment on the role of Para 35.Para 361. We see planets and moons where no life could possibly survive.Paraphrase this sentence in your own words.2.…and it seems that there are far more ways to be a dead world than a live one.专心翻译做到极致 Paraphrase this sentence in your own words.This is an understatement because so far we have not found a single living world.Para 371. What are the conditions required?The temperature condition (not too hot, not too cold); proper distance from the sun so that water can be in liquid form; the activity of the structure of earth’s crust which recycles the planet’s carbon.2. ….the Earth may be in a fairly narrow habitable zone.Paraphrase this sentence in your own words.…the kind of conditions which are suitable for life to survive are not easy to find because many conditions are needed yet the Earth happens to enjoy these conditions.3.Mars has no such …its atmosphere.1) Comment on the tone of the statement.“This seemingly minor deficiency” conveys a touch of humor.2) Why is the loss of atmosphere so important?It is important because oxygen, nitrogen and other gases in the atmosphere are necessary for life.Para 38-391. When Paul Davies said “we have not yet discovered the Life Principle”, what did he mean? What, according to Davies, was the Life Principle?2. …though that seems a reasonable bet and is surely the case on Earth.Paraphrase this sentence in your own words.…though it is reasonable to assume that life needs liquid water; at least this is the situation with life on Earth.Paras 40-421. What are the two sets of views listed in Paragraphs 40 and 41?1)Would it be easy for life to evolve to a condition of intelligence?People like Ernst Mayr think the chance is very slim. He puts it a t a billion-to-one long shot.But people like Paul Horowitz feel the chance may not be rare.2)Would life be similar?Some think that not two life forms would be the same. Others believe that intelligent beings would have certain things in common. Some think alien life would be nothing like us while others hold that they would be more or less the same as we are.2.I’ve never met anyone…the second time around.Paraphrase the sentence in your own words.No one I have met believes that if evolution on Earth were to take place a second time, a human being who is genetically similar to us would be the result of such evolution.What rhetorical device is used in this sentence?Metaphor is used in the sentence. The metaphor of record player is used here.3. Why does the author think that alien life still a territory for philosophers and theologians?Philosophy and theology deal with abstract thinking. They do not require accurate, concrete data. Since data about alien life are scarce, the author thinks it is the job of philosophers and theologians to work out an answer.Para 43-451.What is the provocative theory put forward by Allen Tough?His theory is that alien probes have already been with us for a long time and we may be able to perceive their messages on the World Wide Web.2. Why are the flaws of human race mentioned in relation to drafting an answer?专心翻译做到极致专心翻译做到极致 They are listed because the author wants to show we have many urgent issues toaddress. Our civilization is by no means perfect. The priority should be to address these issues.3. Bioastronomy also has its more down-to-Earth side.1) Why does the word “earth” begin with a capital letter?It is a pun, meaning both practical and dealing with issues of this world.2) What did the author really mean by this statement?Bioastronomy is meant to deal with life in space but here these scientists are discussing matters concerning this earthly world. Hence, the “down -to-Earth side” ofbioastronomy. This idea is expressed in a humorous way.Para 46-521.So before we worry about…closer to home.Since there is so much work (scientific study) we need to do here in this world (since there are so many issues we need to address in this world), let us first concentrate on doing some solid research (on addressing these issues) and drop discussions about drafting messages to another civilization out there.We’d better do some solid, practical work in this world rather than wasting time on empty talk about answering message from alien civilization. 2. What is the argument of Freeman Dysen?His argument is humans may engineer new forms of life and send them to live in the universe. He calls such projects the work of a midwife.3. In Dyson’s universe life is mobile and planets …free movement.According to Dyson, life is by nature inherently mobile. Existing planets with their gravity fields tend to restrict its possible movement and adaptation. Perhaps humans could by bioengineering develop new forms of life that could survive in outer space, which is an empty vacuum, or under conditions on comets or other bodies in space that we now think of as impossible. If humans help life to get beyond Earth, a universe rich in life might be the result.4.Humans in their modern anatomy have been around only 125,000 years or so.专心翻译做到极致 Humans came to have their modern shape and structure only some 125,000 years ago.It was only a recent thing that humans had evolved into their modern shape and structure.5.Why does the author say it may not be a long-term advantage for us to have brains? Does he really mean it? He is being sarcastic here. He means that humans have brains but with brains, there come wars, pollution, man-made disasters. In that case, the world may be better off if humans have not had brains of our kind. This is a bitter attack on human vices.6. What is the conclusion of the author?The conclusion is our priority should be to better our world, to make our civilization last as long as possible, not to destroy it.What would the author expect of people investigating extraterrestrial life?He hopes that the result of their investigations would make them see how precious it is to live in this world and how important it is to keep this world habitable.7.What does the author want to convey in the last sentence?He wants to stress that the important thing for us is to concentrate on improving the human race, to rid it of those vices which are destroying this world.。

人教版高二全套教案

人教版高二（上）Unit 1-10 全套教案高二（上）教案Unit 1A brief of Stephen HawkingStephen Hawking ; born , 1942 Oxford, England.High School: St Albans SchoolCollege: Oxford UniversityCambridge University: Do researchIncurable Disease; motorneuron (肌萎缩性侧索硬化症), wheelchair; a computer system made great contributions in physicsScanningWhy did Stephen Hawking need a PhD?When did Hawking become famous ?When did Hawking visit Beijing ?True or false statements:1.Hawking was told that he had an incurable disease when he was just 21 years old. T2.Finally Hawking had to give up PhD and his research3.He and Roger Penrose made new discoveries about the Big Bang and black holes. T4. “A Brief History of Time” is too difficult for people to understand.5.Science is about true facts that never change.6.When Hawking gives lectures, he always speaks through a computer.Choice1. Which of the following best express the main idea of the passage? ______ dA. Hawking is famous for his new discoveries.B. People should come to terms with their fate.C. A scientific theory is always wrong.D. Anyone with great determination will achieve his success.2. Hawking became famous in the early 1970s because _____. DA. he was disabledB. he was a PhDC. he was sitting in a famous chairD. he made new discoveries about universe3. According to the passage, what does “an American accent” mean? ______ CA. Hawking’s accent.B. Hawking’s voice.C. Sounds translated by computer.D. Accent of some British people.4. From the passage, we can infer that _____. DA. Hawking got married to Jane Wilde before he fell illB. science is always trueC. Hawking is an AmericanD. great scientists always want to know more Questions1. What did Steven Hawking do when he was told that he had an incurable disease?2. How would most people feel when they were told that they had incurable diseasesand may not live long?3. What did Hawking do when visiting China?4. What did Hawking write in 1988? And what did he explain in the book?5. According to Professor Hawking, how do people misunderstand science?6. What is that Hawking does not like about his speech computer?7. What are the basic steps of the scientific method?DiscussionHow can we grow rice where there is little water?(using the scientific method ) Integrating skillsWhat’s the characteristic of Galileo Galilei?Curious creativeWhy could Stephen Hawking make contributions to science work? Want to know moreWhat can be described as the ability to use knowledge? CreativityRead for the information to complete the table:Scientists How they make a difference CharacteristicsStephen Hawking Always want to know more;Never satisfied with a simple answer… CuriousGalileo Galilei Used a microscope and teles cope… Curious Believe in what you do the earth moves around the sunZhang Heng Built a model…show how theposition of the stars changed…. Creative..imagination,believe in what you do Invented seismographUnit 2Step1 Lead inDo you know what they are?And do you know how they are made?Step 2 Pre-readingThe text below is about reporters and newspapers. Look at the title and the pictures. Try to guess which of the following questions the text will answer._____ How does a reporter decide what to write?_____ How much does a newspaper cost?_____ Why do people read newspapers?_____ How do newspapers report what happens?_____ Where do people read newspapers?_____ How do newspapers help us understand the world?Topic sentence: Newspapers and other media do more than simply record whatHow do you decide what you are going to write?Zhu lin: Before …, discuss … editor…listens, suggests… ( long ＆important ) …tell…develop Editor’s job----keep …balanced ＆interestingChen ying: …done…before starting; begin by contacting…questions interviewing, how ---ask, get…to talk…After…present….,make sure----reflects…Which of the articles that you have written do you like best?Chen Ying: About the efforts Contact museums ＆interview experts B ecause …news ＆storyZhu Lin : …about an ordinary young woman who…adapt to…life because …with real passion; realize…uniqueTopic sentence: The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.Step 3 Careful readingNow please read the text carefully and try to find out the answers to the following questions.1.Who were asked to be interviewed?2.Whom does a reporter have to discuss with before he/she decides what to write? And what is the person’s job?3.Is interviewing someone difficult? What must a reporter know?4.Which of the articles that they have written do they like best? Why?5.What could they write about if they could write any article? Why?6.What is the basic task for a reporter?7.What result can TV programmes and printed articles bring to us?Post reading1.Which of the Pre-reading questions are answered in the text?2. If you were a reporter, what would you like to write about?3. It is important to be a critical reader. How would you “read” the following media messages?True or false1.Newspaper and other media just record what happens.2.The reporter has to discuss with the editor before he/she decides what to write. T3.Much has been done before the reporter starts writing. T4.Che n Ying’s favourite story is about an ordinary young woman.5.The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed. TDiscussion:Do you believe these media ?Scanning1.When was Modernism invented?2.Who invented Modernism?A group of architects who wanted to change society with building that went against people’s feeling of beauty3.Why did they invent Modernism?Modernism … in the 1920s by …who …that went against people’s feeling of beauty. They wanted their buildings…to look natural.SkimmingSum up the main idea of the text:Paragraph 1 Architecture looks at the man-made living environment.Paragraph 2 ModernismParagraph 3 Modern architectureParagraph 4 Though modern buildings impress us, they seem hard and unfriendly. Paragraph 5 Ancient architecture shows us many beautiful buildings.Paragraph 6 Antonio Gaudi was an architect inspired by nature.Paragraph 7 There are other modern architecture inspired from natureParagraph 8 The new Olympic Stadium.Part 1(1 para.) Architecture looks at the man-made living environment.Part 2(2-4 para.) Modernism and modern buildingsPart 3(5 para.) Ancient architecturePart 4(6-8 para.) Some modern architecture takes examples from nature.Part 1: Every great culture in the past had its own ideas expressed in art and architecture.Part 2 How and when modernism came into being?Part 3: The difference between traditional and modern…, and why ancient architecture…Part 4: Examples of famous architects and great buildings that take examples from nature.Answer the following questions1.Who is Antonio Gaudi?He is a modern architect. His Building are full of fantastic Colors and shapes and he likes to use some natural materials.2.Who is Lloyd Wright ?He is a modern architect, and build an art museum in New York. He was inspired by Japanese seashells.3. What the materials of modern architecture and the ancient architecture?Careful reading1. Every great culture has the same styles for buildings, streets, squares and parks2. Modernism wants the buildings constructed in a way to look natural.3. Earth, stone, brick and wood are used in modern architecture.4. Compared with ancient architecture, modern architecture stands much closer to nature.5. Both the works of Antonio Gaudi and Frank Lloyd Wright take examples from nature. T6. The 2008 Olympic Stadium in Beijing looks warm and friendly . TCompare ancient architecture with modern architectureShape material feeling exampleancient architecture Nature does not earth,stone, beautiful Taihe Dianhave any straight lines. brick,wood natural the Temple of heavenCathedralmodern.. Huge,like boxes with flat steel, glass,roofs,sharp corners and concrete, hard and Most of modern buildingsglass walls unfriendly look the samePost readingAnswer the questions on Page20: What do the words in bold refer to?You do not feel invited to enter them modern buildingsAntonio Gaudi, a Spanish architect, was the first to understand that.Nature doesn’t have any straight lines.He only wanted natural materials, such as stone, brick and wood to be used and many parts of his building. Antonio Gaudi’sScan the text and find two architects whose work was inspired by nature. What inspired them.Antonio Gaudi: eyes, bones, fish and a dragonFrank Lloyd Wright: Japanese seashellsAnswer the following question1.Which two architects were inspired by nature when they designed?Antonio Gaudi and Frank Lloyd2. Into which two groups can we divide those materials mentioned in the text? Traditional materials and modern materials.DiscussionWhat’s your feeling about the design of the 2008 Olympic Stadium in Beijing? Share your design for the 2008 Olympics!!Unit 4ScanningScan the text and answer the questions.1.Whose poetry reminds us of Su Dongpo?John Donne reminds readers of Su Dongpo.2.Whose poetry reminds Chinese readers of Du Fu or Li Bai?Wordsworth, Byron, and Keats remind readers of Du Fu and Li Bai.3.Can you name some famous Chinese poets?Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Wei, Bai Juyi etc.4.Write down 5 key words that you would expect to find in a text about poetry. Poem, poet, rhyme, style, image (literature, language, form, line)Fast-readingQuestions1. What are the differences between poetry and other forms of literature?2. Whose poetry reminds Chinese readers of Du Fu or Li Bai? Whose of Su Dongpo? William WordsworthGeorge Gordon Byron John DonneJohn KeatsCareful-ReadingPara. 1 The characters of poetry.Para. 2 Chinese ancient poets and poetry.Para. 3 Early English poets.Para. 4 English poets of the 19th century.Para. 5 Why modern poets have special attraction?Para. 6 The introduction of English poetry to China.Para. 7 Why more people are interested in English poetry.Divide the text into 4 partsPart 1 Para 1 Brief introduction to poetryPart 2 Para 2 Chinese poetry and poetsPart 3 Para3,4.5 History of English poetryPart 4 Para 6,7 Poems can be bridges between the east and the westChoose the best answer1.Modern English came into being from about the middle of the ____ century. AA.16thB. 17thC. 18thD. 19th2. The poetry of Marvell reminds Chinese readers of the poems by ____. CA.Du FuB. Li BaiC. Su DongpoD. Gou Moruo3. Byr on’s “Isles of Greece” is an example of _____. BA. a sonnetB. romantic poetryC. nature poetryD. modern poetry4. The wider public in Cina discovered English poetry at the beginning of the _____ century. DA.17thB. 18thC. 19th.D. 20th5. The advantage of reading English poetry in Chinese translation is ____. DA.that you have more adviceB. that something of the spirit is lostC. that you understand it betterD. that you learn how to express yourself in new ways True or False1.The wider public in China discovered English poetry at the beginning of the 19th century. F2. Modern English came into being from about the end of the 17th century.3. The advantage of reading English poetry in Chinese translation is that you understand it better.Further-understanding1. When did modern English start ?Modern English started around the Time of William Shakespeare,towards the end ofthe sixteenth century .2. Why do modern poets have their special attraction?Because they stand closest to us both in the language and images they use .3. When did Chinese readers start reading more foreign poetry?Towards the end of the nineteenth century Chinese readers started reading more foreign poetry .4. What are the differences between poetry and other forms of literature?①Poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar②Poetry is difficult to write,but interesting to read③Poetry calls up all the colors, feelings,experiences and curious images of a dream world.there are some words in bold; can you tell what do they refer to?Para. 1 That makes poetry difficult to write, but very interesting to read.------Poetry plays with sounds,words and grammar.Para. 3 Despite its short history,there is a lot of good poetry around.------English poetry’sPara. 4 The style and atmosphere in their poems has often…------William Wordsworth,Byron,John KeatsPara. 5 Finally, modern poets have their special …in the language and images they use.------modern poetsPara. 7 They can help us to understand each other better,…------poems and literature DiscussionAre poems good for our life? What can we get from poems?1. Poems bring passion (激情) to our life.2. Poems help us to understand life, virtues, beauty and romance…3. Poems make us know, we are here,we can make our life and the world more colorful!Unit 5Lead-in1.What places are they?River Thames Oxford university British Museum Thames and Big Ben London BridgeListen to the tape and answer the following questions.1.How countries is the Great Britain made up of?Three,England,Scotland and Wales.2.Is there much rain in the Britain Isles?Yes,there is much rain3.When did England and Wales make up the Union? 1536.4.What is the warmest months in the British Isles? July and AugustSkimming:Skim the text and find out the top sentences for each paragraph.Para. 1: The idea that England stands for Fish&Chips, the Speakers’ corner and theTower of London is past. (Idea)Para 2: The British Isles is a group of islands that lies off the west coast of Europe. (Geography)Para 3: The climate of the British Isles is mild with a lot of rain. (Climate)Para 4: The culture of the people in the British Isles has received many influences from the European mainland. (Culture)Para 5: In 1066, all of Great Britain and Ireland was run over by the French. (French influence)Para 6: The United Kingdom has a long history. (History)Para 7: In modern times, people throughout the British Isles speak English. (Language) Read the passage carefully and decide whether the following sentences are true or false:( )1.Many people around the world study English, and they know a lot about British culture.( ) 2.Great Britain is made up of four countries.( T ) 3.The island of Britain is separated from France by the English Channel.( ) 4.Scotland is colder throughout the year, but receives less rain.( T ) 5.People from different parts of northern Europe settled in England, so the culture of the people of the British Isles was influenced by them.( T ) 6.The southern part of Ireland is now an independent republic.( ) 7. In modern time, people throughout the British Isles only speak English. Scanning:Read for details and fill in the form:Headings DetailsIdea Fact unknown: Made up of three kingdomsCultural diversity: Different country, common languageGeography Position of Britain: Off the west coastEngland: In the eastScotland: In the northWales: In the westPosition of Ireland: West of BritainPosition of the Isle of Man: In the Irish Sea/ between Britain and IrelandPosition of the Channel Islands Southeast of BritainClimate The British Isles: mildThe Channel Isles: Warmer and sunnierScotland: coldEngland and Wales: Rains a lotCulture Influenced by the European mainlandFrench Influence The reason why many English words end up with French words: ruled by French in 1066History 1536: England and Wales formed the Union1707: Scotland joined the unionIreland used to be: Part of the UKAnd now is: An independent republicNorthern Ireland: Part of UKThe Isle of Man and Channel Islands: Ruled by the King of EnglandLanguage English, Welsh, Scottish, Gaelic and IrishScan the text and answer the following questions1.What are the most important facts about the United Kingdom?The United Kingdom is made up of four parts. They are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.2.Which countries make up the British Isles?Great Britain, Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man.3.What are the most important facts about Ireland?Ireland is a large island in Europe. Northern Ireland is part of the UK. while the rest makes up the Republic of Ireland.Questions1. What is the UK?The UK is really a nation of different countries held together by a common language and culture.2.What’s the weather in the British Isles like?The climate of the British Isles is mild with a lot of rain. Scotland is colder throughout the year. It also has plenty of rain.3. From where did the culture of the people in the British Isles receive many influence? The European mainland4. Who ran over the Great Britain in1066? What’s the result of French influence?The French. The result was that there were many French words in the English language.5. Which are the first two countries that joined in the UK?England and Wales.6. What do people throughout the British Isles speak now? EnglishUnit 6What are mentioned in the article?Travel online shopping Smart credit cards education health medical science sportsPre-readingScan the text to find out in which paragraph you can find answers to the questions.1.How will people shop in the future? Para 32.How will people travel in the future? Para 23.What will schools be like in the future? Para 54.What will the future be like in generals? Para 1、6Transportationpared with the past, what is the most important thing in future transportation? No pollution is the most important thing.2.Why will the maglev train be popular in the future?Maglev train Environmentally friendlyenergy –savingAmazing speed---430 km/hControlled by an advanced computer system.Health and medicineWhat makes it possible for people to enjoy a longer life?People will pay attention to ….People are careful about….Advances in medical science allow us….New discoveries in …and … may lead to….Education and knowledge1.How will the schools of the future be different from what they are today?There may be more “schools on the air” and “e-schools”.2.How will the way we view learning and knowledge change?We will become lifelong learnersConlusionWhat should we do to make sure we will have a bright future?If we learn to accept and appreciate what is new and different. We will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store.Main idea of each paragraphPara.1 . Computers are already being used in agriculture and industry.Para. 2. People will also use computers more and more in their personal lives. Para. 3. It’s possible that people will work at home.puters will be used more and more in transport.Para. 5.Space travel will become much cheaperPara. 6.In the fields of education, health and research,computers will continue to play an important part.Main idea of two partsPart 1: The prediction of the life in the future.Part2: Future transportation/ education/business/ health and medicineTrue or false1. Public transportation is already well developed in most areas of China.2. Scientists are developing new fuels and engines that are environmentally friendly. T3. People can combine shopping with fun in the future. T4. E-commerce will not be so popular as it is not very safe.5.We will still prefer using cash instead of cards in the future.6. In the future distance education will play an important part. T1.What is one way to catch a glimpse of the future ?One way to catch a glimpse of the future is to examine some of the major trends in contemporary society.2.What’s the advantage of on-line shopping?For companies, the internet makes it easier to keep in touch with customers and companies in other countries.For people , shopping is no longer a necessity but a form of entertainment combining shopping with fun .3.What kinds of schools will be there in the future?Why are they useful？They are “schools on the air” and “e-schools”.Because people can study whenever they have time and wherever they may be and ,what’s more, they will become lifelong learners.Post-readingAdvantages disadvantagesfuture transportation clean, fast, safe, without pollution high cost, expensiveonline shopping convenient saving time no insurance of qualityfuture life longer and healthiere—schools Interesting, convenient, saving time no face-to-face coachSummaryFields What will be used? ResultsTransportation New technology ;new fuels and engines Cleaner, faster and safer. Business E-commerce;mall; smart cards. Convenient, fun.Health and medicine Healthy diet ; exercising regularly; Enjoy a longer and healthier life;advances in medical science. remain activeEducation and E-schools; distance education Can study at home; lifelong learners. KnowledgeNote-makingAREA USEFarms control the growing conditions of plantsBanks change money ;pay billsHouses central computer to control heating and hot water recogn ize some’s voice Transport work out the best distance between trains operate trainsEducation Store textsUnit 7Step1 : Leading-inThey are all living with HIVStep 2: Skimming1.In what ways does AIDS spread?AIDS, which is caused by HIV, can be transmitted via unprotected sex, infected blood transfusion or through birth.2.How many children were infected in the world in 2002?As a result, 3.2 million children were infected in 2002.Step 3 Intensive ReadingFind out the main points of each partPara.1 Xiaohua is a person living with AIDSPara2 what is AIDS.Para.3 How do people get AIDSPara.4 Many children become infected with AIDS.Para.5 Since there is little hope for Xiaohua, she decides to use the limited time to dosomething to help others.Para.6 &7 xiaohua helps AIDS patients and tries to change people’s attitude to them. Part1 Para.1Part 2 Para.2Part 3 para.3Part 4 Para.4Part 5 Para.5,6,7 How does a person live with Aids and how do others deal with a person living with AIDS?Main idea:This passage mainly tells us what we should do toward AIDS and Aids patientsStep 4 ScanningPlease read the text carefully again and add more questions to your list.1.What kind of disease is AIDS?AIDS is a disease that breaks do wn the body’s immune system and leaves a person defenseless against infections and illness.2.Where is the disease spreading faster?And why?In Africa and parts of Asia,Mainly because of a lack of proper health care,prevention and education3.Which kind of people suffers the most? The young.4.What did Xiao Hua decide to do after she know she got AIDS?She decided to use the limited time she has left to do something to help others.5.Is the disease the only thing that AIDS patients have to suffer from?No,they also have to deal with people’s fear of the disease6.What is the best way to show you care about AIDS patients?Giving an AIDS patients a hug.Step 5: Listening and reading1.People will die immediately after they get AIDS.2. Xiao Hua has hardly any hope to survive. T3. In 2002, 3.2 million children in the world were infected with HIV. T4. We should avoid any contact with AIDS patients.5. Xiaohua’s life won’t be as long as her classmates’ so she is unhappy.6. Giving an AIDS patient a hug is the best way to show that you care him / her. T Step 6 Post-reading1.Find out the difference between AIDS and HIV.HIV is the virus that caused AIDS. AIDS is a kind of incurable disease. People get AIDS after having been infected with HIV virus.2. How should we act towards people who have HIV / AIDS? What can we do to help them?We should be helpful ,friendly and understanding .We can help them by learning more about the disease and by treating them as normal people.Uni 8Step 1 Lead-in1.What should you do if you find a person whose leg is bleeding? Why?2.What would you do if a person has drunk poison by mistake? Why?Step 2 Skim the text and complete the tableLetter Represent MeaningD Danger The accident scene is no longer dangerousR Response To know that he/she is conscious and can breathe.A Airway To make sure a person’s airway is open and it is easy to breathe.B Breathing To start the person who is not breathing at once, using mouth-to-mouth method.C Circulating Make sure the person’s blood is circulating by looking for color, coughing and eye movement.Step 3 Fast- readingWhat’s the topic of the paragraphs ?Para. 1. First aid is very importantPara. 2 The most important is to stay calm.Para. 3-4 When we have to think fast,we must remember DR ABC to give first aid Para. 5-6 When we have checked the DR ABC we should give the first aid that is needed and call an ambulance.Step 4 Scanning1). Is it vital to learn some knowledge about first aid? Why?Yes, because seconds count in an emergency, and knowing what to do can mean the difference and death.2). What is the most important thing to bear in mind when you are confronted with an emergency? And for what reason?We must stay calm, for only in this way will we be able to consider what to do and make better decisions.3). What is a correct way of placing a body so that the airway is clear and it is easy to breathe?(Answers on Page 60.)a…b…c…Step 5 Listen to the tape and answer the question.Para. 1 First aid is very importantWhy is first aid important in our daily life ?Para. 2 What is the most important thing to remember when dealing with an emergency ?Para. 3-4 What do the hospitals recommend ?What do the letters DR ABC stand for ?What are three important things?1.Check that the person can breathe.2.If the person is not breathing, you must try to start his breathing at once.3.If the person is bleeding badly, you must try to stop the bleeding.Para. 5 What should we do when we have checked the DR ABC ?Para. 6 Can we do first aid correctly after reading this passage?Step 6 Comprehension1. By saying “ Seconds count in an emergency, ” the writer means ________.A time is very importantB you can count numbers by the secondC time is lifeD to be calm down, in an emergency, just say numbers by the second2. What should you do if you want to do first aid correctly ?A.Learn with a teacher. B Remember the letters DR ABCC Stay calmD All of the above3. According to the passage, people in the accident_______.A. can be helped by anyone who’d like to do soB. Should be waken up as soon as possibleC. should be put in the recovery position when having been given first aidD. can be given first aid even without checking the DR ABC4. Which of the following sentences best expressesthe main idea of the passage?A. DR ABC should be rememberedB. Remembering the letters DR ABC is enough forfirst aidC. Why first aid is important and what the letters DR ABC stand for in an emergencyD. What the letters DR ABC mean5. In the passage., the author seems to be _________.A.explaining the meaning of the letters DR ABCB. telling us the importance of the first aidC. giving some basic information about first aidD. showing the importance of DR ABCStep 7 True or false1. We can do nothing but call an ambulance or the police when someone is hurt.2. If you don’t know about first aid, never try to revive the wounded person. T3. We can check blood circulating only by looking for eye movement.4. If the person is not breathing , we must start her breathing in ten minutes.5. If a person is bleeding, make sure that the airway is clear and it is easy to breathe.6. When the accident happens, go to save the wounded people immediately.Step 8 Post-readingLook at the pictures on Page60. Use what you have learnt from the text to explain what the people aredoing in the pictures.Picture 1The man is gently tipping the person’s head back to make sure that his airway is open and it is easy to breathe.Picture 2If a person is not breathing, we can use the mouth-to-mouth way to start his/her breathing. And this must be done within five minutes.Picture 3If a person is bleeding, we should cover the wound with a clean piece of cloth and press on the wound to stop the bleeding.。

变化中的英语辅导材料(一)

变化中的英语辅导材料（一）I. Unit content in Chinese本单元介绍语言，尤其是英语的变化；英国英语的社会方言及地区方言；以及一些用于讨论语言的专门词汇。

II. Main points of the unitThe unit is titled Changing English in a Changing World. The important word that you should bear in mind is “change”: languages change with time and people. While reading the unit, you should make an effort to understand or better, remember the special vocabulary used in talking about language as well as the important facts about language change. At the end of the unit, you should be able to answer the following questions:a. What is meant by “living” and “dead” languages?b. What do language, dialect and accents mean?c. Why is it difficult to understand native speakers?c. Explain what is meant by the following: Standard English, Network English, RP.d. How many languages are in use today? Why is a more exact number not possible?III. Self-assessmentPart A Choose the correct answer.1. When we speak of a language as being dead we mean that it _________.A. does not have a written formB. does not have living speakersC. has not been translatedD. has been forbidden by the government2. About language change, the statement that _________________ is not true.A change in language matches change in p eople’s livesB. language change is usually even and steadyC. languages change over timeD. new words enter the language to match new sorts of experience3. RP refers to _________ English.A. networkB. General AmericanC. BBC English and General AmericanD. Educated Southern British4. Standard English refers to the English _________.A. ofwritingB. of speakingC . British people useD. American people use5. Dialects refer to _________.A. different ways of speaking the same languageB. different written systemsC different grammatical structuresD. different languages spoken in one placePart B Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. Standard English means the Educated Southern British English.2. English is spoken differently in different parts of Britain or America.3. Language is shaped by the experiences of the people who use it and changes with their changing needs.There are, at present, about 3000 languages in use in the world.RP is the short form of “Received Pronunciation”.As time goes by, individuals’ language and their idiolect change too.English is the only language in use in Britain.Standard English is usually spoken by Britain’s upper-class.The development of SE occurred before the establishment of RP.10. Latin is a living language, and it lives in modern European languages.11. Although th ey don’t speak RP, English dialect speakers always understand it.12. Standard English varies a great deal from one part of the world to the other, because different people have varying interests, experiences and vocabularies to match.British English and American English are mutually intelligible.Key to self-assessmentPart AB.2.B3.D4. A5. APart B1. T2. T3. T4. F5. T6.T7. F8.F9. T10. F11. T12. F 13. T变化中的英语辅导材料（二）Unit2 content in Chinese本单元介绍英语从古英语到标准英语的变化, 介绍英语与日耳曼语族的关系及标准英语与其他英语变体的关系, 解释不同语言之间的结构差异。

英语专业八级考试阅读理解练习之欧阳与创编

英语专业八级考试阅读理解练习In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence –as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutelynothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lastingsolutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each other's problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. "Talk, talk, talk," the advocates of violence say, "all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser." It's rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. "Possible, my lord," the barrister replied, "none the wiser, but surely far better informed." Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1. What is the best title for this passage?[A] Advocating Violence.[B] Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.[C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.2. Recorded history has taught us[A] violence never solves anything. [B] nothing. [C] the bloodshed means nothing. [D] everything.3. It can be inferred that truly reasonable men[A] can't get a hearing. [B] are looked down upon. [C] are persecuted. [D] Have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.4. "He was none the wiser" means[A] he was not at all wise in listening.[B] He was not at all wiser than nothing before.[C] He gains nothing after listening.[D] He makes no sense of the argument.5. According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is [A] law enforcement. [B] knowledge. [C] nonviolence. [D] Mopping up the violent mess.难句译注：1.What is really frightening, what really fills you withdespair is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. 【结构简析】when it comes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment comes.当关键时刻来到时。

解释问题英语作文

解释问题英语作文What is an Explanatory Essay?An explanatory essay is a type of essay that requires the writer to present a logical explanation of a particular topic. The purpose of this essay is to explain a topic in a straightforward and logical manner. The writer must present the information in a clear and concise manner, and provide evidence and examples to support their explanation.How to Write an Explanatory Essay。

When writing an explanatory essay, it is important to follow a specific structure in order to effectively present the information. The following are the steps to follow when writing an explanatory essay:1. Choose a Topic: The first step in writing an explanatory essay is to choose a topic that you arefamiliar with and that you can explain in a logical manner.It is important to choose a topic that is not too broad or too narrow, as this will make it easier to present a clear and concise explanation.2. Research the Topic: Once you have chosen a topic, it is important to research the topic in order to gather information and evidence to support your explanation. This may involve reading books, articles, and other sources of information, as well as conducting interviews and surveys.3. Create an Outline: Before you start writing the essay, it is important to create an outline that will help you organize your thoughts and ideas. The outline should include the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion, as well as the main points that you want to cover in each section.4. Write the Introduction: The introduction of the essay should provide a brief overview of the topic and explain why it is important. It should also include a thesis statement that presents the main idea of the essay.5. Write the Body Paragraphs: The body paragraphs of the essay should present the main points of the explanation in a logical and organized manner. Each paragraph should focus on a specific point and provide evidence and examples to support the explanation.6. Write the Conclusion: The conclusion of the essay should summarize the main points of the explanation and restate the thesis statement. It should also provide afinal thought or reflection on the topic.7. Edit and Revise: Once you have completed the essay, it is important to edit and revise it in order to ensure that it is clear, concise, and well-organized. This may involve checking for grammar and spelling errors, as well as reorganizing the content to improve the flow of the essay.Overall, writing an explanatory essay requires the writer to present a logical explanation of a topic in a clear and concise manner. By following the steps outlined above, you can effectively write an explanatory essay thateffectively explains a topic to your readers.Example of an Explanatory Essay。

濒危动物英语作文

濒危动物英语作文濒危动物英语作文1It is suggested that people have been aware of the issue--lack of preservation for endangered spieces, animals and plants, but as you see , they placedlittle efforts to cope with the problem.despite the versatility and intricacy of instruments , I would pore over some of the most striking ones and offer alternatives afterwards.One of the major reasons , causing people's inocence of protecting animals, is that the government did not function well as an educator, arosing people's initiative in shielding wild animals, which led to the consequence that people do not know theirresponsibility to prevent animals from dangers, and specific knowledge in guarding them. what is equally important as the reason mentioned above is that media did not meet our satisfaction to inform the mass of the emergency which is crutial in arousing people's conciousness to keep animals safe.In spite of the serious problem, measure leading to profound improvement still can be taken. owning to the fact that funds are insufficient in some developing countries, developed countries or international organizations should shoulder more burden -- finacing them in order to capacitate them toaccompolish the protection of animals. at the same time, education in telling people the way to make animals harboured ought to be focused on, thus resulting in people's better awareness in the camouflage of our planet's cutest creatures.It is belived by me that if correct actions are taken to preserve animals, any kind of them will befar away from extinction forever.濒危动物英语作文2To protect animals, everyone duty! This shouldn't be a slogan, but a word should be deeply impressed all people in the heart of a wake-up call.Once upon a time there was a first grade elementary student xiao Ming and his father go hunting outside every day, don't have time to study. As a result, his grades have been bad. Every night, his father will be to capture a few animals. His father to kill animals, xiao Ming is very sad. "Dad, don't kill animals again, you know how to kill animals is a serious matter? This will destroy the food chain, in the end, the damaged or we ah!" Xiao Ming said. His father stern said "so little know what? You have some time to get it! Your grade if you don't hunt, what to eat? How to send you to school?" Xiao Ming said that "every time that I study hard, get a scholarship, you don't hunt?" "Yes, as long as your scholarship, Idon't hunt" from then on, xiao Ming is to study hard every day. Sure enough, in junior high school of timewhen school promised as long as he won first place in the examination will give him a scholarship. Hisfather also keep your promise, no longer hunt.Even a first grade of primary school children know the truth, isn't so much the hunter is in doubt? Hasit ever occurred to you, if you are an animal, human will kill you without a reason, would you be willing to? It must be thousands would not! As the saying goes "do as you would be done by." You don't like, that the animals would be willing to? Because hunting, are now extinct, how many kinds of animals do you know?Already 800, the number looks small, but add up the number of each type of animal, you know how much is it? Have you had? Destroy the food chain, is no good to human beings.Animals are priceless treasure for human nature,all animals are human's good friends, why can't harmonious to get along in the same home? Theirsurvival and our survival, have a close relationship. From now on, start from around each of us, to protect the animals together!保护动物，人人有责!这不该是一句口号，而是一句应该深深印在所有人心里的一个警钟。

高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨根据上下文推断语篇中的隐含意义

高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨根据上下文推断语篇中的隐含意义——文章寓意题《普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版2020年修订）》中对高中英语学业质量水平进行了质量描述。

其中，学业质量水平三的质量描述包括学生应“能阐释和评价语篇所反映的情感、态度和价值观”。

语篇所反映的情感、态度和价值观亦即语篇所要传达的深层寓意。

推断文章的寓意是高考英语阅读理解的考查技能之一。

本期我们结合高考真题，就如何解答文章寓意题进行相关技巧的点拨。

常用的解题技巧有：1. 定位主旨句，根据文章主旨进行推断。

文章的深层寓意与文章的主旨密不可分，有时候，文章所要传达的深层寓意在题目中的表达是文章主旨句的改写，更多时候我们需要结合文章内容，对主旨句进行提炼和总结，才能归纳出文章的寓意。

2. 故事类的记叙文，需结合主人公的性格特点、故事梗概及故事结尾的意义升华等信息总结其深层寓意。

例1：（2020年新高考英语全国I卷B篇，保留原题号，下同）Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition ( 学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed ( 牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some night s my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family — and that's pretty powerful.7. What can we learn from Jennifer's story?A. Time is money.B. Love breaks down barriers.C. Hard work pays off.D. Education is the key to success.【分析】本文是记叙文。

专业英语八级-阅读理解（三十一）

专业英语八级-阅读理解（三十一）专业英语八级-阅读理解(三十一)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION{{/B}}(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、{{B}}TEXT A{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Prince Klemens Wenzel Von Metternich, foreign minister of the Austrian Empire during the Napoleonic era and its aftermath, would have no trouble recognizing Google. To him, the world's most popular web-search engine would closely resemble the Napoleonic France that in his youth humiliated Austria and Europe's other powers. Its rivals —Yahoo!, the largest of the traditional web gateways, eBay, the biggest online auction and trading site, and Microsoft, a software empire that owns MSN, a struggling web portal —would look a lot like Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Metternich responded by forging an alliance among those three monarchies to create a "balance of power" against France. Google's enemies, he might say, ought now to do the same thing.Google announced two new conquests on August 7th. It struck a deal with Viacom, an "old" media firm, under which it will syndicate video clips from Viacom brands such as MTV and Nickelodeon to other websites, and integrate advertisements into them. This makes Google the clear leader in the fledgling but promising market for web-video advertising. It also announced a deal with News Corporation, another media giant, under which it will provide all the search and text-advertising technology on News Corporation's websites, including MySpace, an enormously popular social-networking site.These are hard blows for Yahoo! and MSN, which had also been negotiating with News Corporation. Both firms have been losing market share in web search to Google over the past year — Google now has half the market. They have also fallen further behind in their advertising technologies and networks, so that both make less money than Google does from the same number of searches. Safa Rashtchy, an analyst at Piper Jaffray, a securities firm, estimates that for every advertising dollar that Google makes on a search query, Yahoo! makes only 60-70 cents. Last month Yahoo! said that a new advertising algorithm that it had designed to close the gap in profitability will be delayed, and its share price fell by 22%, its biggest-ever one-day drop.MSN is further behind Google than Yahoo! in search, and its parent,Microsoft, faces an even more fundamental threat from the expansionist new power. Many of Google's new ventures beyond web search enable users to do things free of charge through their web browsers that they now do using Microsoft software on their personal computers. Google offers a rudimentary but free online word processor and spreadsheet, for instance. The smaller eBay, on the other hand, might in one sense claim Google as an ally. Google's search results send a lot of traffic to eBay's auction site, and eBay is one of the biggest advertisers on Google's network. But the relationship is imbalanced. An influential recent study from Berkeley's Haas School of Business estimated that about 12% of eBay's revenues come indirectly from Google, whereas Google gets only 3% of its revenues from eBay. Worst of all for eBay, Google is starting to undercut its core business. Sellers are setting up their own websites and buying text advertisements from Google, and buyers are using its search rather than eBay toconnect with sellers directly. As a result, "eBay would be wise to strike a deep partnership with Yahoo! or Microsoft in order to regain a balance of power in the industry," said the study's authors, Julien Decot and Steve Lee, sounding like diplomats at the Congress of Vienna in 1814.（分数：25.00）(1).Prince Klemens is mentioned in the first paragraph toA. show the web-search engine Google has become the most profitable site in the world.B. emphasize the importance of forging an alliance among the competitors.C. draw an analogy between present Internet competition and past European power distribution.D. stress the fact that even Microsoft can't compete with Google.（分数：5.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：[解析] 推理判断题。

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Task8-6
Explain what is meant by redundancy
Explain what is meant by redundancy
Explain what is meant by redundancy
The employer has ceased, or intends to cease, to carry on in business for the purposes of the which the employee was employed, or in the place where the employee was employed
That the requirements of that type of business for employees to carry out work of a particular kind, or in a particular place have ceases, or are expected to diminish or cease.
Explain what is meant by redundancy
In order to make a redundancy claim there are two qualification criteria that the employee must prove:
(a) That they were an employee
(b) Two years continuous employment have been served
Lecture example 1
Required
Which of the following statements is true?
(i)The most common remedy for wrongful dismissal is damages. The
measure of damages is usually the sum that would have been earned if proper notice had been given.
(ii)Where breach of contract leaves the employer as the injured party, he may dismiss the employee and withhold wages.
A (i) only
B (ii) only
C Both (i) and (ii)
D Neither (i) nor (ii)
Lecture example 2
Required
Which of the following might not be termination of employment by a breach of contract?
A Summary dismissal
B Constructive dismissal
C Wrongful dismissal
D Inability on the employer's behalf to continue
Lecture example 3
In the context of employment law, which of the following is an AUTOMATICALLY fair ground for dismissing an employee?
A Unofficial industrial action
B Redundancy
C Refusal to join a trade union
D Legal prohibition
Lecture example 4
Jas has been continuously employed for six years. Which of the following states the minimum period of notice she is entitled to?
A One month
B Six weeks
C Three months
Section Topic Summary
1 Types of
dismissal
Where an employer ends the employment
relationship without giving notice or payment in
lieu of notice the employee may claim damages
for wrongful dismissal.
Every employee under normal retirement age,
who has one year’s continuous service, is entitled
not to be unfairly dismissed. The employer must
prove dismissal was fair on the grounds of
capability/qualification, conduct, redundancy,
statutory restrictions, or other substantial reasons.
Section Topic Summary
2 Redundancy
Where the conduct of an employer constitutes a
severe breach of contract the employee is able to
claim they were constructively dismissed despite
resigning. This will give rise to a claim for
redundancy. Where an employer will/has ceased to
carry on a type of business, or in a particular place,
or the need for a particular type of work diminishes
an employee may be made redundant.
3 Remedies
If the employee has been made redundant a claim
may be made comprising a basic, compensatory,
and additional award. Unfair dismissal gives rise to
possible claims of reinstatement, re-engagement, or
compensation.
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