2021届高中英语新高考一轮语法复习讲义(五)定语从句关系代词的若干用法(含真题练习与解析)

2021届高中英语新高考一轮语法复习讲义（五）
定语从句关系代词的若干用法（含真题练习与解析）
上
1.如何确定定语从句中的关系词。

1）弄清先行词与关系词之间的关系。

先行词和关系词是构成定语从句的两大要素，先行词与关系词指代相同的内容。

如：(1)The book that /which you borrowed yesterday is very useful.
此句中的先行词是book（书）关系词that/which 指的就是书。

主句为The book is very useful . 先行词在主句中。

从句为that /which you borrowed yesterday . 关系词在从句中。

先行词与关系词意义相同。

2）分清主句与从句。

（1）主句在意义上往往是最重要的，它不从属于从句的任何部分。

如上述例句中的主句要表达的主语意义是“这本书很有用”，而从句的意义“你昨天买的”只是对这本书起限定作用
（2）主句通常不用任何关系词，而且句子结构也是完整的。

如：Do not go with friends who run away from you when you want their help most.
不要与这样的朋友在一起：当你在最需要他们帮助的时候躲开了你。

本句中who 之前的部分为主句，是个否定型的祈使句；friend 为先行词；who为关系词，引导定语从句。

找出下列各句中的定语从句，并说明关系词在从句中作什么句子成分。

1.The book I sent you will help you in your studies.（关系代词在从句中作sent的直接宾语，省略了。

）
2.Hewho makes no mistakes makes nothing.(不犯错误者一事无成。

)
关系代词who在从句中作主语。

3.The flowers I cut yesterday are still fresh .（关系代词在从句中作动词cut 的宾语，省略了。

）
4.That was the most stupid thing I've ever done.（关系代词在从句中作动词done 的宾语，省略了。

）
5.There is the old man whose purse has been stolen. （关系代词whose在从句中作purse的定语）
6.Tell me when there is anything that I don't make clear.
（关系代词that 在从句中作动词短语make clear 的宾语）
7.That's all I have to say on this question. （关系代词that在从句中作动词say的宾语,省略了）
8.That is the place where the accident occured.(发生）（关系副词where 在从句中作地点状语）
9. I never really understand the reason why she made such a serious mistake. （关系副词why在从句中作原因状语）
10.There are time when joking is not permissible.(有时候开玩笑是不允许的)
（关系副词when在从句中作时间状语）
下
2. 关系代词与介词的连用。

引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词都在从句中充当一定的句子成分。

如果关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，那么这个介词可在从句原来的位置，也可放在关系代词的前面。

如：跟你说话的那个人是张的表兄。

”这句话翻成英语，有两种形式：
1）The man (whom) you spoke to is Zhang's cousin.
2) The man to whom you spoke is Zhang's cousin.
点拨：当介词放在从句原来位置时，作介词宾语的关系代词可省略；当介词提到关系代词之前时，关系代词不可省略。

3)Is this the pencil (which) you are looking for ?这是你在找的铅笔吗？
本句中的介词for 不能提到which 之前，因为look for 是短语动词，不能拆开。

3.关系代词as 的用法：
1）引导限定性定语从句，用于such(...)as, the same(...) as和as many (或as much) ...as结构中，如：
Such books as you bought are useless.(as作bought 的宾语)
你买的这样的书没用。

2）引导非限定性定语从句，用来说明整个主句；从句的位置可在主句前，也可在主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句分开。

如：
关系代词作主语
roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks（筷子）.
2.［2019·北京］I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 关系代词作定语
（我住在一对夫妻的隔壁，他们的孩子总是很吵闹。

）
3.［江苏］Many young people, most of whom were well-educated,
关系代词作介词宾语
headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
4.［安徽］Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 介词 + 关系代词
5.［江苏］The number of smokers, as is reported, has
dropped 关系代词作主语
by 17 percent in just one year.
6.［四川］The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 关系代词作定语
7.［重庆］He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
介词+关系代词
8.［福建］China Today attracts a world wide readership, which shows 关系代词作主语
that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
9.［山东］A company whose profits from home markets are
关系代词作定语
declining may seek opportunities abroad.国内市场利润日趋下降的公司可以寻找国外的机会。

10.［江西］Among the many dangers which/that sailors have to 关系代词作face的宾语
face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
11.［安徽］The exact year which /that Angela and her family spent
关系代词作spent 的宾语
together in China was 2008.
12.［重庆］We’ll reach the sales targets in a month that/which we set 先行词关系代词作set 的宾语
at the beginning of the year.
13.［四川］Until now, we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, which is quite unexpected．
关系代词作主语
14.［北京］I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, which my classmates
关系代词作recommened的宾语
recommended to me.
15.［陕西］Please send us all the information that you have about
the 关系代词作have的宾语
candidate(候选人) for the position.。