中考英语阅读理解20篇

精选中考阅读理解100篇(附答案)之南宫帮珍
创作
1-20
(1) The Weather（选自广州）
In winter the weather in England is often very cold. In spring and autumn there
are sometimes cold days, but there are
also days when the weather is warm. The
weather is usually warm in summer. It is
sometimes hot in summer, but it is not
often very hot. There are often cool
days in summer.
When the temperature is over 27℃, English people say it is hot. When the
temperature is about 21℃, they say it
is warm.
In the north of Europe it is very cold in winter. In the south of Europe the
summer is often very hot. In the south
of Spain（1） and in North Africa（2）
the summer is always hot.
Water freezes（3）at 0℃. When water freezes, it changes from a liquid（4）
into ice. Water boils（5）at 100℃.
When water boils, it changes from a
liquid into steam（6）.
1.What is the weather like in summer in England?
A.Very hot.
B.Warm.
C.Cool.
D.Both A and C.
2.What do you think “the north of Europe" means?
A.A part of a country.
B.The capital of Europe.
C.A country in the north of Europe.
D.A part of Europe.
3.When water freezes, it changes from
into .
A.water, ice
B.water, steam
C.steam, ice
D.ice, water
4.The writer wants to tell us something
about .
A.the weather in Europe
B.the weather in
England
C.some knowledge of the temperature
D. three states of water
答案：1—4 DDAC
(2) The Artist and the Beggar（1）(选自成都)
An artist was coming home by train one day.
He hadn’t much money but was very kind.
He gave his last few coins（2）to a
beggar, but he saw another one, and
forgot that he didn’t have any money in
his pockets. He asked the man if he
liked to have lunch with him, and the
beggar, of course, agreed. So they went
into a small restaurant and had a good
meal.
In the end, the artist could not pay the bill（3）, and the beggar had to do so.
The artist felt very sorry for it, so he
said to the beggar, “Come home with me in a taxi, my friend. And I’ll give you the money for our lunch."
“Oh, no!" the beggar answered quickly. “I had to pay for your lunch, but I’m not going to pay for your taxi home!"
1.What kind of man was the artist?
2.What did he do to the first beggar?
3.What did the artist forget when he invited
another beggar to have lunch with him?
4.Who paid for the meal?
5.What did the artist want to do at last?
6.Why didn’t the beggar go home with the
artist?
答案：
1.The artist is a kind man.
2.He gave his last few coins to the first
beggar.
3.He forgot that he had no money then.
4.The beggar paid for the bill.
5.He wanted to return the beggar the money
when he got home.
6.Because he wouldn’t pay for the taxi.
(3) A Common Language（选自陇南）
There is a common（1）language popular in every country in the world. All the
people, old and young, men and women,
must use it.
It’s everybody’s second language. It’s easy to learn, though（2）you don’t
hear it. It’s sign language（3）.
When you wave to a friend, you are using sign language. When you smile at someone,
you mean to be friendly. When you put up
your hand in class, you are saying,
“Please ask me. I know the correct
answer." When you put your finger in
front of your mouth, you mean “Be
quiet." The deaf use sign language to
talk to each other. There is even a
university for the deaf in the United
States. There are also TV programmes for
the deaf people. They use sign language
to tell everybody.
Notes: （1）common/`kmn/adj. 共同的（2）though/u/ conj. 尽管（3）sign language 手势语（4）wave/weIv/ v. 挥手
1.E uses sign language.
2.Sign language is not d, so we can
learn it.
3.Most people who can s use sign
language, too.
4.If someone smiles at you, it means he/she
is friendly t you.
5.If you can a a question, you should
put up your hand first.
6.You put your finger in front of your mouth
if you want someone not to s
anything.
7.The deaf can talk to each other w
sign language.
8.Some A deaf people can learn sign
language in the university.
(4) Tom Broke a Plate or a Gold Watch?（选自辽
宁）
It was Sunday and Tom was staying at home.
After breakfast he went out into the
garden and played quietly by himself.
There were no kids around and he was
used to（1）playing alone quietly. He
played with Bobby, the dog. He climbed
up and down the tree. Sometimes a bird
would come down to perch（2） on top of
the doghouse. Then Tom would have the
greatest fun（3） by throwing a stone or
something at it. Though he never made it,
he did like doing this kind of thing.
Now Tom had been in the garden for half an
hour. Suddenly a crack（4）was heard
and the little boy began crying.
“What’s the matter,Tom?"his mother looked through the kitchen（5） window. Tom ran
into the kitchen.
“Mum," he sobbed（6）. "I broke Bobby’s plate.
I didn’t know it was so fragile（7）."
His mother put her arms round him and said, “Don’t feel so sad, Tom. We have other
plates for Bobby. But how did you break
that one?"
“I threw it at a bird but missed, and it went straight to the plate."
In Tom’s hand was his father’s gold pocket watch（8）!
Notes: （1）be used to 习惯于（2）perch/p：t/n. 停歇（3）fun/fn/n. 快乐喜爱（4）
crack /crk/n. 破碎声（5）
kitchen/`kItn/n. 厨房（6）sob/sb/v. 抽
泣（7）fragile/`frdaIl/adj. 易碎的
（8）gold pocket watch 金怀表
1.When did the story happen?
A.On a Sunday afternoon.
B.On a Sunday
morning.
C.At noon.
D.In the evening.
2.When a bird perched on top of the
doghouse,Tom .
A.would like to play with it
B.was very interested in it by throwing a stone
at it
C.would like to give it something to eat
D.would smile
3.There were no kids around and he was used to
playing alone quietly. Here“kids"
means .
4.How long had Tom been in the garden when his
mother heard him cry?
A.An hour.
B.A day.
C.Two hours.
D.Half an hour.
5.“Though he never made it" means“".
A.Though he couldn’t hit a bird wit h a stone
or something
B.Though he couldn’t catch the bird
C.Though he couldn’t have fun from the bird
D.Though he couldn’t eat the bird
答案：1—5 BBCDA
(5) Eating
An important question about eating out is who pays for the meal. If a friend of
yours asks you to have lunch with him,
you may say something like this,“I’m
afraid it’ll have to be someplace cheap,
as I have very little money." The other
person may say,“O K, I’ll meet you at
McDonald’s."
This means that the two agree to go Dutch, that is, each person pays for himself.
He may also say,“Oh, no. I want to take
you to lunch at Smith’s," or“I want
you to try the Chinese dumplings there.
They’re great." This means the person wants to pay for both of you. If you feel friendly towards this person, you can go with him and you needn’t pay for the meal. You may just say,“Thank you.
That would be very nice."
American customs（1）about who pays for dates（2） are much the same as in other parts of the world. In the old days, American women wanted men to pay for all the meals. But, today, a university（3）girl or a woman in business world will usually pay her way during the day. If a man asks her for a dance outside the working hours, it means “Come, as my guest（4）.” So as you can see, it is a polite thing to make the question clear at the very beginning.
Notes:（1）custom/`kstm/n. 风俗（2）
date/deIt/n.约会（3）university/、ju：
nI`v：sItI/n. 大学（4）guest/gest/n. 客
人
1.The passage tells us .
A.how to eat out
B.where to eat out
C.what to eat out
D.who pays for the meal
2.If you have little money, .
A.you’ll have a cheap meal
B.you’ll borrow
some from others
C.you’ll ask your friend to pay for your meal
D.you won’t want your friends to ask you to
dinner
3.“Go Dutch" in this passage means .
4.Sometimes your friend takes you to lunch. It
means .
A.he’s going to lend some money to you
B.he’s going to pay for your meal, too
C.he’ll be angry with you
D.he can’t understand you
5.In America,some girls and women now.
A.ask men to pay for their meals
B.try to pay for the men’s meals
C.try to pay for their own meals
D.never have anything outside
答案：1—5 DADBC
阅读理解（6）
’s very interesting.By（1）watching TV they can see and learn a lot and know many
things about their country and the
world.Of course,they can also learn over
the radio.But they can learn better and
more easily with TV.Why?Because they can
hear and watch at the same time.But they
can’t see anything over the radio.
TV helps to open children’s helps to open their minds（2）,too.They learn
newer and better ways of doing
things.They may find the world is now
smaller than before.
Many children watch TV only on Saturday or Sunday evening.They are always busy with
their lessons.But a few children watch
TV every night.They go to bed very
late.They can’t have a good rest.How
about you,my young friends?
1.A few children go to bed late because
they .
A.are busy with their lessons
B.do their
homework
C.watch TV
D.listen to the radio
2.Children can’t see anything .
A.in the radio
B.on the radio
C.on TV
D.by watching TV
helps to open children’s .
4.children watch TV only on Saturday
or Sunday evening.
A.A lot
B.Much
C. A lot of
D.A little
5.Children can study better and more easily
with TV because .
A.they like to watch TV
B.they can hear at
the same time
C.they can watch at the same time
D.they can listen to and see something at
the same time
阅读理解（7）
John was ten years old and he was very lazy[1].He had to go to school,of
course,but he was bored[2]there and
tried to do as little work as
possible.His father and mother were both
doctors and they hoped that he would
become one,too,when he grew up.But one
day John said to his mother,“When I
finish school, I want to become a
garbage collector[3].”
“A garbage collector?”his mother asked .She
was very surprised.“That’s not a
pleasant job.Why do you want to become a
garbage collector?”
“Because then I’d only have to work one day a week,”John answered.
“Only one day a week?”his mother said,“What do you mean?”
“Well,”John answered,“I know that the ones who come to our house only work on
Wednesday,because I only saw them on
that day.”
Notes:[1]lazy/leIzI/adj.懒的 [2]bored/bd/adj.
厌烦 [3]garbage collector 垃圾工
1.John at school.
’t do any work B.did much work
C.did very little work
D.tried to finish
his work
’s parents wanted him to become .
A.a garbage collector
B.a doctor
C.a teacher
D.a worker
3.John hoped to be a garbage collector
because .
A.he knew it was an important and necessary
job
B.he thought he would work only one day a
week
C.he often saw some garbage collectors come
to his house
D.the garbage collectors really work only
one day a week
4.John thought that the garbage collectors
only work one day a week because .
A.it was a rule
B.some garbage collectors
told him so
C.his parents told him so
D.he saw them work only on Wednesday
阅读理解（8）
Bill and Fred studied at a university and they were friends. They didn’t have
much money, so when it was time for
their holidays, Fred said, “Let’s take
our holidays in a trailer[1], Bill. It’
s cheaper than a hotel. I can borrow my
father’s trailer.”
Fred was very happy. So they got into the trailer and began their holidays. They
wanted to get up early the next day to
go fishing, but they didn’t have an
alarm[1] clock.
“That’s all right, Bill," Fred said. “I’ll put these pieces of bread on the roof[3]
of the trailer tonight and they’ll wake
us up in the morning." Bill was very
surprised, but he didn’t say anything.
Fred was right. As soon as it began to get light, small birds came down to eat the
bread, and their noise on the roof of
the trailer woke Bill and Fred up very
quickly.
Notes:[1]trailer/`treIl/ n. 活动房屋式的拖车
[2]alarm/`la:m/ n. 警报 alarm clock 闹钟
[3]roof/ru：f/ n. 顶；房顶
1.Bill and Fred were both university s .
2.The two young men decided to go t
during their summer holidays.
3.The two young men tried to s some
money,so they borrowed a trailer.
4.The two young men wanted to get up, but
they were a to wake up too late the
next morning.
5.Fred had a good i .
6.Bill didn’t know w his friend put
some bread on the top of the trailer.
7.The next morning, the birds found the
bread and flew to e it.
8.In fact, the b woke the two young men
up.
9.The birds began to look for f as soon
as it got light.
10.Fred was very c .
阅读理解（9）
Some children think writers are great and they can tell people a lot. So they also
wish to be writers some day. They mean
that they want to write stories or books
which many persons will read. I would
like to remind[1] them that they will
need to be good readers and to read a
lot in order to[2] be good writers.
Nearly all great writers read too long before they started to school, and read
for hours and hours every day since they
became good readers. Instead of watching
TV in the evening, they spend much of
their spare[3] time reading books.
If you are a good reader, it won’t take you long to do the reading homework your
teacher asks you to do. Then you will
have time to read other books for fun.
Because you read so well, you keep looking for more books to read.
While making up your mind[4] to become a good writer, you had better say to yourself,“I must read more and more if
I am really to become a good writer." Notes:[1]remind/rI`maInd/v. 提醒 [2]in order to 为了[3]spare /spe/adj. 多余的
[4]make up one’s mind 下决心
1.Some of the children like the g
writers.
2.The writer told the children to read m
before they hope to be writers.
3.A lot of writers l a lot from other
writers' books and stories.
4.For a student, he or she should do the
reading homework well f .
5.Doing much good reading can h you to
be a good writer.
阅读理解（10）
Australia is one of the greatest islands in the world.It is a little smaller than
China.It is in the south of the earth.So
when there is hot summer in our
country,it is cold winter in Australia. Australia is big,but the population[1] has small.The population of Australia is the
same as that of Shanghai,a city in China.
Australia is famous for its sheep and kangaroos[2].After a short drive from
any town,you will find yourself in the
middle of white
sheep,sheep,sheep,everywhere are
sheep.Have you seen a kangaroo?It has a
“bag” in its body.The mother kangaroo
keeps its baby kangaroo in the
“bag”.It is very interesting,isn’t it?根据短文内容判断正(√)、误(×)。

1.China is larger than Australia.
2.Australia is an island country.
3.The population of Australia is as large as
that of China.
4.Kangaroos are small animals like mouse(老
鼠) in our house.
5.Kangaroos always carry bags on their backs.
参考答案：1.√ 2.√ 3.× 4.× 5.×
阅读理解(11)
Summer holiday began and Richard left
California and went traveling in
Africa[1]. He lost his wallet in a hotel
and he had a little money left. He had
to go to a city where one of his friends
worked. There he was going to borrow
some money so that he could fly back to
his country. He got on a bus and the
conductor held out to him a yellow
ticket. “You had better buy a yellow
ticket," said the conductor. “It’s ten
dollars. I have two other kinds. The red
one is five dollars and the green one is
three dollars."
It took them two days to get to the city.
The passengers had to stay for a night
when they were halfway[2]. Richard had
to pay[3] five dollars for the hotel and
food. He thought for a while and then
said, “Green, please."
The bus started. Now it was getting dark[4] and the bus began to go up a hill. It
was very steep[5] and soon the bus
stopped as usual.
“Yellow ticket passengers," the driver shouted, “Stay in the bus, please. Red ticket
passengers, get out and walk. Green
ticket passengers, get out, close the
door and push the bus!"
1.Where did Richard come from?
2.How much did Richard have after he lost
his wallet?
3.What did Richard go to the city for?
4. How was Richard going back to his country?
5.Why did Richard buy the green ticket?
6.What did Richard have to do when the bus
went up the hill?
参考答案： 1.He came from America / California.
2.He had 8 dollars left.
3.He went there to borrow some money from
his friend.
4.He was going back by plane.
5.Because he wanted to save some money for
the hotel and food.
6.He had to get off the bus and push it when
it went up the hill.
阅读理解（12）
Many years ago, there was a family named Franklin. They lived in Boston. There
were five girls and six boys in the family. On a January day in 1706 another baby was born. The boy's mother and her husband gave the boy a name—Benjamin[1]. Benjamin was the cleverest of all the children. He could read when he was five and he could write when he was seven.
The next year his parents sent[2] him to school.
In school Benjamin was good at reading and writing, but not good at maths. He read all of his father's books. And when he had money, he always went to buy books.
He liked books. Theytold him how to do something. The boy liked to use his head and tried to find ways to help people enjoy life more. For example, he tried to know if there was some way to swim farther, maybe with something on his hands or feet. Slowly a picture of
swimming shoes, or paddles[3], grew in
his mind[4]. The paddles must be neither
too big nor too small. And they must be
neither too heavy nor light. At last he
invented the paddle for swimming.
Notes:[1]Benjamin/`bendmIn/n. 本杰明（男子名） Benjamin Franklin 本杰明•富兰克林
(1706—1790)美国杰出的科学家和政治家
[2]send/send/v.送[3]paddle/`pdl/n.浆形
工具 [4]mind/maInd/n. 头脑
1.How many children did Mr. Franklin have?
2.Why was it said Benjamin was clever?
3.When did Benjamin begin to go to school?
4.Why did Benjamin like books?
5.What did Benjamin invent the paddles for?
参考答案：1.He had twelve children.
2.Because he could read and write when he
was very young.
3.He began to go to school when he was eight.
4.Because he could learn a lot from the
books.
5.He invented them to help people swim
farther.
阅读理解（13）
When a light passenger plane flew off course[1] some time ago, something was
wrong with it and it crashed[2] in the
mountains and its pilot[3] was killed.
The only passengers, a young woman and
her two baby daughters,were unhurt. It
was the middle of winter.Snow lay thick
on the ground.The woman knew that the
nearest village was kilometres away.She
couldn’t find a nything in the snow but
a suit-case[4]. When it grew dark, she
turned the suit-case into a bed and put
the children inside it, covering[5] them
with all the clothes she could find.
During the night, it got terribly cold.
The woman kept as near as she could to
the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small.
Early next morning, she heard planes flying above and wanted to know how she could send a signal[6]. Then she had an idea. She wrote the letters ‘SOS’ in the snow. Luckily, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before
a group of people arrived and they took
the woman and her daughters to hospital at once.
1.Where was something wrong with the plane?
2.How many people were in the light
passenger plane before it crashed?
3.What did the woman make the suit-case into
a bed for?
4.What did the plane fly over the mountain
for?
5.Why did the woman write “SOS" on the snow?
6.What did the group of people go to the
mountains for?
参考答案：1.It was above the mountains.
2.There were four people in it.
3.She did it to put her daughters in it.
4.It flew there to look for them.
5.She wrote the letters to ask for help.
6.They went there to save them.
阅读理解(14)
There would be a history exam and Phillip looked more and more worried. He hasn’t
thought the subject important since they
began to study it this term. In class he
always thought of the football matches
between Class Three and Class Two and
tried to find out a way to beat Class
Two. Of course he didn’t hear what Mr.
Beckman said. His friend Sally could
help him with his homework and hint[1]
how he answered Mr. Beckman. But bad
luck! The girl was ill in hospital and
nobody would help him next Monday!
Phillip thought hard and at last he found a way. He copied all the main points[2] on
his wristbands[3] and then went to play
football with his friends. It was Sunday
yesterday. Even he didn’t open his
students’ book! He was sure he would
pass the exam and went on playing
football and watching TV.
But this morning, when the boy was going to dress himself, he couldn’t find his
shirt. He jumped off the bed and began
to look for it everywhere, but he failed.
His mother brought his breakfast in and
found his bedroom was in a fearful
mess[4]. She asked in surprise,
“What’s the matter, son?"
“I can’t find my shirt!"
“You wore it for a week and I washed it when you fell asleep last night."
“Who let you wash it?" Phillip shouted angrily.
Notes:[1]hint/hInt/v. 暗示 [2]point/pInt/n.
点main point 要点
[3]wristband/`rIstbnd/n. 衬衣袖口[4]in
a fearful mess 零乱不堪
1.Phillip is in Class T .
2.Phillip has learned n in history
class.
3.Mr Beckman is Phillip's history t .
4.Phillip was afraid he would f the
history exam.
5.Phillip l playing football very much.
ually Sally helped Phillip to p the
history exams before.
7.Phillip thought everything was r and
didn’t review history.
’s mother washed his shirt when the boy went to s .
9.The woman thought Phillip’s shirt d
and washed it.
10.Having heard his mother, Phillip was a
with her.
阅读理解(15)
Mr Brown was born in a poor family.He couldn’t go to school when he was
young.Now he’s a porter[1] and works at
a station.He doesn’t think it’s
necessary[2] to know some knowledge[3]
of science.His son,Bill,began to go to
school last year.The boy likes nothing
except playing.He doesn’t listen to the
teachers in class and can’t do his
homework after class.It’s the hardest
thing for him to do maths exercises.And
he wants to drop it.
Last evening Mrs Brown heard Bill crying in the next room while she and her husband
were watching TV.She came up to him and
asked,“What’s the matter,Bill?”
“I can’t do my maths homework,”said the boy.
“I won’t go to school tomorrow!
“No,no,don’t do that!”said the woman.“Maybe your father can help you.”
Then she asked her husband to help their son with his maths.Mr Brown said,“But I
don’t know maths,either.”
“It doesn’t matter,”said his wife.“You’ll only coax him out of crying.”
Mr Brown had to do as his wife said.The next afternoon Bill came back and showed his
exercise book to his father.The man
had a look at it and shouted to his wife,
“Come here quickly,dear!I got an A in
maths!”
根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

1.Which of the following is true?
A．Mr Brown was going to be a porter when he was young.
B．Mr Brown’s parents were too poor to send him to school.
C．Mr Brown wasn’t interested in science when he was young.
D．There was no school in Mr Brown’s hometown.
2.Bill can’t do his homework because . A．his father wouldn’t help him
B．he doesn’t listen to his teachers
C．he doesn’t like studying D．he wants to drop maths
3.Bill cried to .
A．get his parents’help B．go to bed earlier
C．get something to eat D．watch TV with his parents
4.The phrase “coax sb. out of crying” in
the story means .
A．制止某人哭泣 B．惹得某人哭泣
C．阻止某人叫喊 D．哄某人停止哭泣
5. is good at maths in their family.
A．Bill B．Mr Brown C．Mrs Brown D．None
6.When he had a look at Bill’s exercise-
book,Mr Brown was .
A．sorry B．happy C．worried D．sad
阅读理解（16）
In the United States and Canada，people often invite friends over for a meal， a
party，or just coffee．
Here are the kinds of things people always say．“Would you like to come over for
dinner tonight？”“Hey，we're having a
party on Friday．Can you come？To reply
to an invitation，either say thank you
and accept（接受），or say sorry and
give an excuse（藉口）．Sometimes，
however（但是），what people say is like
invitations but which are not real
invitations．For example：“Please come
over for a drink sometime．”“Let's get
together for lunch soon．”They are not
real invitations because they don't talk
about the date or time．They just show
that the person is trying to be
friendly．To reply to this，people just
say“Sure，that would be great．”or
“OK，thank you．”So next time you hear
what is like an invitation，listen
carefully．Is it a real invitation or is
the person just being friendly？
根据短文内容回答问题。

1．Do people in the US often invite friends to dinner？
2．If you get an invitation，what would you say first？
3．Is it a real invitation，when people say “Come over for a coffee sometime，
please．
4．Why do people say this if they don't really want to invite their friends to come？
参考答案：1．Yes，they do．2．Thank you．3．No，it isn't．4．They just want to be
friendly．
阅读理解（17）
根据短文内容，完成下面的句子。

Can we live without salt（盐）？No，salt is very important to us．We need salt in
our food．Animals need it，too．Most of
the salt in our country comes from the
sea water．People dig very big pools（池
塘） and let sea water in．When the sun
dries up（晒干）the water，people can
get salt from the ground．The salt is
white，clean and beautiful．
There are a lot of salt wells（井）in Sichuan．A salt well is much like a water
well．People bring the well water up to
the ground and then dry it in big jars
（罐子，坛子）over fire．In this way
they get salt．
We can also get salt from salt mines（矿）．A salt mine may be found under the ground
（盐矿石可能会在地下被找到）．Some
years ago，people in Jiangxi found a big
salt mine and soon opened it．People
there need salt from other places no
more．
In the northwest of our country ，there are many salt lakes．Some of these lakes are very
big．The salt in a big lake will be
enough for our people for centuries（世
纪）。

1．We can't live without salt，so ____________ ．
2．We get most of the salt from ____________ ．3．People in Sichuan get salt from ____________ ．
4．Some years ago，People ____ found a big salt mine and soon opened it．
5．In ____ of China，there are many big salt lakes．
参考答案：1）it is very important to us
2）sea water
3）salt wells
4）in Jiangxi
5）the northwest
阅读理解（18）
28 High Road
Oxford
Sept．27，2002
Dear John，
Thank you very much for your letter．I'm glad that you enjoyed your holiday with me．We enjoyed having you and your sister here．We hope that you will both be able to come
again next year．Perhaps you'll be able
to stay longer next time you come．A
week is not really long enough，is it？
I hope you are both working hard now that you're
in Grade Three．I shall have to work
hard next year when I am in Grade
Three．Tom and Ann will be in Grade
Three the year after next．
They went on a picnic yesterday but I didn't go with them because I hurt my foot and I
couldn't walk very well．They went to an
island and enjoyed themselves there．Do
you still remember the island？That's
where all five of us spent our holiday．Tom，Ann and I send our best wishes to Betty and you．We hope to see you soon．
Yours sincerely
Michael
阅读此信，回答下列问题。

1．How long did their holiday last this year？2．Who stayed with Michael for the holiday？3．When did Michael write the letter？。