2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：2

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
No words will（）to convey my grief.
问题1选项
A.serve
B.supply
C.suffice
D.support
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项serve“招待，供应，为……服务”；B选项supply“供给，提供，补充”；C选项suffice“使满足，足够，有能力”，suffice to“足以”，例如：One example will suffice to illustrate the point.举一个例子就足以说明这一点，D选项support“支持，帮助，支撑”，句意：没有言语能够表达我的悲伤。

由选项意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

2.
单选题
Many countries have adopted systems of（）education in order to promote the average level of education.
问题1选项
A.constrained
pulsory
C.cardinal
D.conventional
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项constrained“强迫的，过于受约束的”，例如：a constrained confession（逼供、被迫招供），constrained emotions（受压抑的感情）；B选项compulsory“义务的，必修的”，例如：compulsory measures（强迫手段），compulsory service system（义务兵役制）；C选项cardinal“主要的，基本的”，例句：Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law.（尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则）；D选项conventional“传统的，惯例的”，例句：The chairman made a few conventional remarks.（主席说了几句客套话。

）。

句意：为了提高平均教育水平，许多国家都采用了义务教育制度。

由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

3.
单选题
The patterns of spoken language are（）from those of writing.
问题1选项
A.distinct
B.distinctive
C.distinguished
D.distinguishing
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项distinct“独特的，有区别的”，be distinct from=be different from，表示“与……不同”；B选项distinctive“有特色的，与众不同的”；C选项distinguished“卓越的，著名的”；D选项distinguishing“有区别的”，英语中没有be distinguishing from这样搭配。

句意：口语的模式不同于书面语的模式。

由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

4.
单选题
He（）spends his holidays in the mountains though occasionally he goes to the seaside instead. 问题1选项
ually
B.constantly
C.invariably
D.always
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词辨析。

A选项usually“通常，经常”，表示频率高，允许有例外；B选项constantly“不断地；时常地”，表示一个动作不断发生，一成不变；C选项invariably “总是，不变地，一如既往的”，表示一成不变的持续动作；D选项always“总是，常常”，频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续、中间没有间断。

句意：他通常在山里度假，但偶尔去海边。

由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

5.
单选题
Important people don’t often have much free time as their work（）all their time.
问题1选项
A.takes over
B.takes away
C.takes in
D.takes up
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A选项take over“接管，借用”；B选项take away“拿走，带走”；C选项take in“吸收，接受”；D选项takes up“开始从事，占据”。

句意：重要人物往往没有太多的空闲时间，因为他们的工作占据了他们所有的时间。

根据选项和句意可知，D选项符合题意。

6.
单选题
Roberts is a noted chemist（）.
问题1选项
A.as well as an effective teacher
B.and too a very efficient teacher
C.but he teaches very good in addition
D.however he teaches very good also
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词。

A选项as well as“和……一样，不但……而且”，连接两个句子或者短语，例句：The girl is lively as well as healthy.(这女孩既健康又漂亮。

），所以A选项正确；B选项and和too 不连用，应该改为and a very efficient teacher too才正确；C选项but“但是”，表示转折，罗伯特是一个著名的化学家和很好的老师应该是并列关系，而不是转折，所以C选项排除，同理D选项however“然而”，也是表示转折，故排除。

句意：罗伯特是一位著名的化学家，也是一位卓有成效的老师。

综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

7.
写作题
Write on the ANSWER SHEET a letter of about 120 words based on the following situation:
You have just come back from an international conference. Write a letter to Mr. Smith, an American scholar you met at the conference, to:
1. introduce yourself and the university where you work,
2. invite him to give a lecture at your university.
【答案】略
8.
单选题
Too much（）to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.
问题1选项
A.disclosure
B.exhibition
C.contact
D.exposure
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项disclosure“披露，揭发”；B选项exhibition“展览，显示”；C选项contact “接触，联系”；D选项exposure“暴露，曝光”。

句意：过多暴露在X射线下会导致皮肤损伤、癌症或其他身体损伤。

由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

9.
单选题
Traditionally, local midwives would（）all the babies in the area.
问题1选项
A.handle
B.produce
C.deliver
D.help 【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

A选项handle“处理”；B选项produce“生产”；C选项deliver“传送”；D 选项help“帮助”。

midwife是指“产婆，接生员”，deliver可以指接生（孩子），或者生孩子。

句意：按照传统，当地的产婆接生这个地区的孩子。

由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

10.
单选题
The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was（）to the issue at hand.
问题1选项
A.irrational
B.unreasonable
C.invalid
D.irrelevant
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项irrational“不合理的，无理性的”；B选项unreasonable “不合理的，不切实际的”；C选项invalid“无效的，有病的”；D选项irrelevant“不相干的，不切题的”。

句意：法官裁定该证据不可采信，因为它与手头的问题无关。

由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。

11.
单选题
The idea of spending the rest of my life there never（）me.
问题1选项
A.approves to
B.attracts to
C.appalls to
D.appeals to
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组辨析。

A选项approve to “批准，赞成”，B选项attract“吸引”，一般没有“attract to”这样的用法，可以用attract sb. to do sth.或者sb. is attracted to do sth.，C选项appall“使胆寒，使大吃一惊”，一般不和介词to搭配；D选项appeals to“呼吁，吸引，要求”。

句意：在那里度过余生的想法从来没有吸引过我。

由选项意思和固定搭配可知，D选项符合句意。

12.
单选题
The changes in this city have occurred（）.
问题1选项
A.with swiftness
B.fastly
C.rapidly
D.in rapid ways
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词辨析。

swift、fast和rapid都是快的意思。

swift，含有平稳、马上、优美的意思；fast作副词时，可指物体或人的速度快，主要用来修饰人或物体的动作，fast本身就有副词的作用。

英语中，几乎不见fastly这个词，所以B选项排除；rapid是正式用语，多指运动本身，强调运动的高速度，所指的速度有时有“对人有益”的含义，常常可与fast互换使用，但语气比fast强。

例如：He made such rapid progress that his parents were very glad.（他取得了如此快的进步，以至于他的父母都很高兴。

），副词形式是rapidly，修饰动词occur应该用副词，所以C选项符合题意。

句意：这个城市的变化发生得很快。

综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

13.
单选题
Humble（）it may be, there is no place more like home.
问题1选项
A.although
B.as
C.how
D.that
【答案】B
【解析】考查让步状语从句。

句子用了倒装，把形容词提前到句首，只有as或者though有这个用法，although没有。

as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词，副词，分词，实义动词提前）例如：Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.由as引导的让步状语从句，强调表语humble。

句意：尽管这里是简陋的，但是没有一个地方比它更像家。

所以本题选择B选项正确。

14.
单选题
The glassware in the box is（）; it has got to be handled with care.
问题1选项
A.crunchy
B.fragile
C.brittle
D.crisp
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项crunchy“易碎的，发出嘎吱嘎吱声的”，通常有响声的时候用，例如：
The leaves crunched under my feet.（树叶在我脚下嘎吱作响。

）B选项fragile“脆的，易碎的”常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的，例如：Be careful with that vase–it is very fragile.（拿那只花瓶要小心——它很容易碎。

），He’s feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.（他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。

）C选项brittle“易碎的，脆弱的，易生气的”，指没有弹性或伸缩性的脆性材料，暗示受压或被扭曲时易碎，例如：As you get older your bones become increasingly brittle.（随着年龄增长，人的骨头变得越来越脆。

）D选项crisp“脆的，新鲜的，易碎的”，指食物炸的很酥脆，例如：Bake until the pastry is golden and crisp.（把油酥糕点烤至金黄酥脆。

）句意：箱子里的玻璃器皿易碎，需要轻拿轻放。

由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

15.
单选题
What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment. The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity—he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.
He is skeptical — he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available —and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them. Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place. There seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts. 1. Many people believe that science helps society to progress through （）.
2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity（）?
3. According to the passage, a successful scientist would not（）.
4. What does the passage mainly discuss（）?
5. What is the a uthor’s attitude towards the topic（）?
问题1选项
A.applied knowledge
B.more than one aspect
C.technology only
D.the use of machines
问题2选项
A.It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.
B.It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.
C.It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.
D.It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.
问题3选项
A.easily believe in unchecked statements.
B.easily criticize others’ research work.
C.always use his imagination in work.
D.always use evidence from observation.
问题4选项
A.Application of technology.
B.Progress in modern society.
C.Scientists’ ways of thinking and acting.
D.How to become a successful scientist.
问题5选项
A.Critical.
B.Objective.
C.Biased.
D.Unclear.
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:B
【解析】1.事实细节题。

题干：很多人相信科学通过_______帮助社会进步。

通过题干关键词“Many people believe”定位到第二段第二句Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science（然而，许多人认为，我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面），这里明确指出社会进步要靠two different aspects of science，因此B选项正确。

A选项“应用知识”，C选项“仅靠技术”，D选项“利用机器”，A，C，D选项都不够全面。

综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。

2.细节判断题。

题干：关于好奇心，以下哪个选项不正确？由题干中的“curiosity”定位至第三段。

第三句和第四句对科学家的好奇心进行了详细解释。

第三句指出He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected（他通常把注意力放在那些没有令人满意的解释的问题上，他的好奇心使他寻找潜在的关系，即使可用的数据似乎是毫无关联的），选项B对应前一个分句，选项C对应and后的第二个分句。

末句Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.（此外，他认为他可以改善现有的条件，并乐于尝试解决其中涉及的问题。

），表示他对自己有信心，且从这一过程获得愉悦，即pleasure，A也符合文意。

综上所述，本题的正确答案为D选项。

3.细节判断题。

通过文章可知，一个成功的科学家不会_________。

根据第六段首句的内容，选项A中的unchecked statements是对“stateme nts which are not based on the most complete evidence available”的概括，说明成功的可科学家不应该轻信没有检验的结论，故选A。

选项B“容易批判别人的研究工作”与第七段首句的含义一致，所以排除B选项，选项C“在工作中经常利用想象力”和最后一段第一句表达的意思重合，所以排除C选项，选项D“经常利用通过观察得到的证据”和倒数第三段第一句表达的意思重合，所以排除D选项。

故排除。

从文中可知，科学家不是很容易相信没有检验的结论，但是他不仅批判别人的工作，还批判自己的工作，工作时需要想象力，充分利用自己观察所得。

综上所述，本题正确答案是A选项。

4.主旨大意题。

题干：文章主要讨论的是？文章开篇通过一个文句引出对科学态度的本质的思考，第二段和第三段介绍了社会进步以来与科学的两个方面，之后第四段首句通过一个问句引出全文主题。

后面的内容都是对这个主题的具体说明。

末段对这一主旨进行概括，可见本文的主要内容是关注methods of thinking and acting，故选C。

A、B、D选项均不符合题意。

综上所述，本题正确答案是C选项。

5.观点态度题。

在第四段提出本文主旨后，作者就逐一介绍成功科学家的思维和行为方式。

文中没有任何正面或负面评价，可见作者在文中是非常客观地说明成功科学家的思维和行为方式，故选B“客观的”。

A选项“批评的”，C选项“有偏见的”和D选项“不清楚的”，均不是作者的观点。

综上所述，本题正确答案是B选项。