2019高考英语全国通用版三轮冲刺提分练附解析话题练 第17练

基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The Internet has enabled us (know) and understand the whole world much better. 2．However，some of scientific inventions have even caused great harm mankind. 3．The rapid development of science and technology (bring) about great changes to human life so far.
4．I will tell you (direct) that scientists are those who promote the social progress. 5．In 18th century，the (invent) of the steam engine led to the first Industrial Revolution.
6．We need to accept the fact that these modern inventions have brought much (convenient) to us.
7．In contrast，this condition just indicates that our life is connected modern inventions closely.
8．Why I say it normal is because I believe that nothing is (absolute) good and right for us.
9．Except for the modern inventions of transport，there are plenty of other things，(include) robots.
10．We can do many things that we didn’t have the ability to do in the past by (use) robots.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
11．The robots will be designed to look like people to make them attractive and easier to sell to the public.
12．A computer network allows users to share resources including equipments and information. 13．But someone points out its disadvantages，for examples，it has so much junk information that bother us a lot.
14．If our government do it well，I full believe that the Internet will provide more convenience for us.
15．The modern transport benefits our life，though some people also criticize it so there’re many accidents.
16．Actually，robots of real life also have different kinds of functions and they give to us much help. 17．We live in an age which more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 18．The new technology，if applying to rice growing，will help increase the grain output. 19．He thought that the key to feed people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
20．I want to introduce one of the most influential modern invention in our life—the computer network.
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2018·辽宁葫芦岛一模)
According to a new research from the University of Cambridge in England，sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs.
The farm animals，who are social and have large brains，were previously known to be able to recognize one another，as well as familiar humans.However，their ability to recognize human faces from photos alone is novel.
The recent study，the results of which were published in the journal Royal Society showed that the woolly creatures could be trained to recognize still images of human faces，including those of former President Barack Obama and actress Emma Watson.
Initially，the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food ter，they were able to recognize the images for which they had been rewarded.The sheep could even recognize images of faces shown at an angle，though their ability to do so declined by about 15 percent—the same rate at which a human’s ability to perform the same task declines.“Anyone who has spent time working with sheep will know that they are intelligent and individual animals who are able to recognize their handlers.” said Professor Jenny Morton，who led the Cambridge study.“We’ve shown with our study that sheep have advanced face-recognition abilities，close to those of humans and monkeys.”
Recognizing faces is one of the most important social skills for human beings，and some disorders of the brain，including Huntington’s disease，affect this ability.
“Sheep are long-lived and have brains that are similar in size and complexity to those of some monkeys.That means they can be useful models to help us understand disorders of the brain，such as Huntington’s disease that develop over a long time and affect cognitive(认知的) abilities.Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.” Morton said. 21．According to the new research，what’s unusual about sheep?
A．They have large brains.
B．They can recognize their owners.
C．They can tell animals from humans.
D．They can recognize human faces from photographs.
22．How did the researchers train the sheep?
A．By giving food rewards.
B．By showing photos of famous people.
C．By guiding them to follow their handlers.
D．By showing photos of humans and monkeys by turns.
23．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Sheep have a higher face-recognition ability than monkeys.
B．The new discovery is of great benefit to the study of cognitive ability changes.
C．The sheep’s face-recognition ability may prevent some disorders of the brain.
D．The sheep’s face-recognition ability stays the same when shown photos at any angle. 24．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．A Wonderful Scientist
B．The Life of Sheep
C．A New Discovery About Sheep
D．How Sheep Recognize Each Other
B
(2018·四川内江一模)
In recent years，car manufacturers(制造商) have been put under pressure to invent a vehicle that is both cheaper to run and better for the environment.
One of the first ideas that car manufacturers tried was to replace engines which run on fossil(化石) fuels with electric motors.Unfortunately，these vehicles had several disadvantages and they didn’t sell very well.The problems were that the batteries of these electric cars ran out very quickly and took a long time to recharge.
However，car manufacturers have improved the concept.This is where the hybrid car，which has both an electric motor and a traditional petrol engine，comes in.The electric motor never needs to be recharged and it is much better for the planet than a traditional car.
In a hybrid car，the engine is controlled by a computer which determines whether the car runs on petrol，electricity，or both.When the car needs maximum power，for example，if it is accelerating or climbing a steep hill，it uses all of its resources(资源)，but at steady speeds it runs only on petrol.When slowing down or breaking，the electric motor recharges its batteries.
Hybrid cars are better for the environment because they have a much smaller engine than a traditional car.Also，hybrid cars on the market are made using materials such as aluminum and carbon fiber，which makes them extremely light.Both of them mean that they use less petrol than normal cars，so they produce less pollution.
Of course，hybrid cars aren’t perfect; they still run on fossil fuels and so pollute the environment to a certain degree.However，they may be the first step along the road to cleaner，“greener” cars.Car manufacturers are already working on vehicles which run on hydrogen giving off harmless water vapor.It looks like we might be heading in the right direction.
25．What can we know about the vehicles which ran on electric motors?
A．They moved very fast.
B．They were unpopular.
C．Their engines were often replaced.
D．Their engines were expensive.
26．How does the computer in a hybrid car function?
A．It keeps the car running steadily.
B．It directs the car to climb hills.
C．It decides where to power the car.
D．It controls how the car uses power.
27．What does the underlined part refer to in Paragraph 5?
A．Car’s smaller engine and special materials.
B．Electric motor and petrol engine.
C．Hybrid car and hydrogen car.
D．Aluminum and carbon fiber.
28．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Cars’ Engines B．Car Pollution
C．Green Cars D．Cars’ Advantages
Ⅳ.完形填空
I was confused while I was eating lunch in a restaurant the other day.I was sitting there looking at what I’d 29 and wondered if anyone else could see the 30 in my mind.I’m about to 31 a lot of fat and wash it down with a diet soda.
What can I say？I’m trying to lose some weight. 32 ，I do things like that all the time，which is probably why the pounds are 33 so slowly.I spend half an hour on the treadmill(跑步机) and I 34 myself with potato chips.I 35 that I will no longer eat them again，so I just eat a lot at this time.I make it all the way through the entire day doing everything absolutely right，and then at bedtime “just one chip won’t 36 it” turns into “where did that entire bag of potato chips go？”
Of course，I 37 do well with my weight loss program.Once I put together two full weeks of eating properly and exercising 38 .I was starting to feel a(n) 39 .I could bend over to tie my shoes more easily.But just as it was about to become a 40 ，I entered a period of long，late nights filled with 41 deadlines.I sat in front of my computer，eating snacks and drinking sodas to help me stay 42 .Within a few days，the habit of a sensible eating and exercising was a 43 .
Unfortunate but 44 ，I was too tired to get on the treadmill. 45 ，I had work to do，for which I needed all the energy I could 46 .So I started skipping exercise sessions.And 47 I started doing so，it became easier to skip them.
There are always reasons not to do the things that we really should do.Every reason is just another 48 .
29．A.cooked B．ordered
C．designed D．introduced
30．A.battle B．competition
C．performance D．practice
31．A.burn B．contain
C．lose D．consume
32．A.Surprisingly B．Happily
C．Unfortunately D．Hopefully
33．ing off B．passing away
C．taking off D．turning away
34．A.equip B．connect
C．present D．reward
35．A.agree B．pretend
C．imagine D．decide
36．A.hurt B．count
C．change D．solve 37．A.always B．sometimes C．seldom D．never 38．A.hardly B．instantly C．regularly D．slightly 39．A.urge B．attraction C．difference D．pain 40．A.plan B．habit C．game D．hobby 41．A.original B．common C．inspiring D．tight 42．A.awake B．calm C．healthy D．strong 43．A.goal B．memory C．reality D．trend 44．A.unbelievable B．changeable C．understandable D．enjoyable 45．A.Therefore B．However C．Besides D．Otherwise 46．ck B．save C．show D．throw 47．A.once B．before C．unless D．though 48．A.choice B．fault C．cause D．excuse
答案解析
Ⅰ.1.to know 2.to 3.has brought 4.directly 5.invention 6．convenience7.with ing
Ⅱ.11.The robots will be designed to look like people to make them
∧
more attractive and easier to
sell to the public.
12．A computer network allows users to share resources including equipments
equipment and information.
13．But someone points out its disadvantages，for examples，it has so much junk information that bother
bothers us a lot.
14．If our government do it well，I full
fully believe that the Internet will provide more convenience
for us.
15．The modern transport benefits our life，though some people also criticize it
so
because there’re
many accidents.
16．Actually，robots of real life also have different kinds of functions and they give to\ us much help.
17．We live in an age which
when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
18．The new technology，if applying
applied to rice growing，will help increase the grain output.
19．He thought that the key to
feed
feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more
quickly.
20．I want to introduce one of the most influential modern invention
inventions in our life—the computer
network.
Ⅲ.
语篇解读本文介绍了一项新的研究成果：绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸。

21．D[细节理解题。

由第一段中的“sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs”可知，绵羊的不寻常之处在于它们能够从照片中识别人脸，故选D。

]
22．A[细节理解题。

由第四段首句“Initially，the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards.”可知，研究人员通过给绵羊食物奖励来训练绵羊，故选A。

] 23．B[推理判断题。

由最后一段中的“That means they can be useful models to help...Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.”可以推断出，该项新发现有益于对认知能力改变的研究，故选B。

]
24．C[标题归纳题。

通读全文可知这篇文章主要讲了一项新的研究表明绵羊能够从照片中识别人脸，故选C。

]
语篇解读本文介绍了一种由电脑操控引擎、经济环保的混合动力汽车。

25．B[推理判断题。

根据第二段第二、三句“Unfortunately，these vehicles had several disadvantages and they didn’t sell very well.The problems were that the batteries of these electric cars ran out very quickly and took a long time to recharge.”可知，这种电动汽车的电池很快就耗尽了，而且充电需要花很长时间，所以不受欢迎卖得不好。

故选B。

]
26．D[细节理解题。

根据第四段第一句“In a hybrid car，the engine is controlled by a computer which determines whether the car runs on petrol，electricity，or both.”可知，混合动力车的电脑决定该车是使用汽油、电力还是两者兼用。

故选D。

]
27．A[代词指代题。

根据第五段中的“they have a much smaller engine than a traditional car”及“using materials such as aluminum and carbon fiber，which makes them extremely light”可知，更小的发动机和特殊的建造材料使混合动力车省油，所以Both of them指的是这两者，故选A。

]
28．C[标题归纳题。

文章介绍了一种由电脑操控引擎、经济环保的混合动力汽车。

C项(绿色环保车)概括了其主要优点，适合作为本文标题。

]
Ⅳ.
29．B[cook烹饪；order点菜，命令；design设计；introduce介绍。

由上文中的“I was eating lunch in a restaurant”可知，此处指作者看着自己“点的食物”。

]
30．A[battle战斗；competition竞争；performance表演；practice练习。

下一句提到作者摄入大量脂肪，又喝苏打水减肥，故可知作者非常矛盾，内心做着激烈的“斗争”。

故A项正确。

]
31．D[burn燃烧；contain包含；lose失去；consume吃，喝，饮。

作者打算消耗掉大量的脂肪。

故D项正确。

]
32．C[surprisingly令人惊讶地；happily高兴地；unfortunately不幸地；hopefully有希望地。

上一句提到作者想要减肥，但是不幸的是作者还不断地摄入大量脂肪，所以此处意为“不幸的是”。

故C项正确。

]
33．A[come off从……掉下；pass away去世；take off起飞；turn away拒绝……进入。

作者不断地摄入大量脂肪，这是作者体重下降慢的原因。

故A项正确。

]
34．D[equip装备，使具有；connect连接；present颁发，呈现；reward奖赏。

作者在跑步机上锻炼半个小时后，用薯片来奖励自己。

故D项正确。

]
35．D[agree同意；pretend假装；imagine想象；decide决定。

由后面的“so I just eat a lot at this time”可知，作者决定以后再也不吃薯片了，所以只在这次吃很多的薯片。

故D项正确。

] 36．A[hurt危害，伤害；count数数；change改变；solve解决。

作者认为只吃一片薯片不会妨碍自己减肥，这是作者为自己吃薯片找的借口。

故A项正确。

]
37．B[always一直，总是；sometimes有时候；seldom很少；never从不。

由下一句“Once
I put together two full weeks of eating properly...”可知，作者有时候减肥计划实施得很好。

故B 项正确。

]
38．C[hardly几乎不；instantly立即；regularly有规律地，定期地；slightly稍微地。

由下文“I could bend over to tie my shoes more easily.”可知，作者的减肥计划曾经实施得很好。

由此可知，作者曾经有两周坚持合理饮食并经常锻炼。

故C项正确。

]
39．C[urge迫切的要求；attraction吸引力；difference不同；pain痛苦。

由下一句“I could bend over to tie my shoes more easily.”可知，作者弯腰系鞋带容易多了，说明作者开始感觉到不同了。

故C项正确。

]
40．B[plan计划；habit习惯；game游戏；hobby业余爱好。

由该段最后一句中的“the habit of a sensible eating and exercising”可知，此处指正当合理饮食和经常锻炼即将成为一个习惯时。

故B项正确。

]
41．D[original最初的；common常见的；inspiring鼓舞人心的；tight紧的。

由下一句作者熬夜工作可知，作者的工作期限很紧。

故D项正确。

]
42．A[awake醒着的；calm冷静的；healthy健康的；stron g强壮的。

作者通过吃零食、喝苏打水来保持清醒状态。

故A项正确。

]
43．B[goal目标；memory记忆；reality现实；tr end趋势。

熬夜使得作者没有再坚持合理的饮食和锻炼，所以合理的饮食和锻炼成为了一个“记忆”。

故B项正确。

]
44．C[unbelievable难以置信的；changeable易变的；understandable可理解的；enjoyable 愉快的。

作者太疲惫了以至于不能坚持锻炼，这虽然不幸但是可以理解。

故C项正确。

] 45．C[therefore因此；however但是；besides此外；otherwise否则。

上一句提到作者太累以至于不能坚持锻炼。

该句提到作者有大量工作要做。

这都是作者放弃的原因，它们之间是并列关系，故C项正确。

]
46．B[lack缺乏；save储存，节省；show展示；throw扔。

大量的工作需要消耗作者所能储存的所有能量。

故B项正确。

]
47．A[once一旦；before以前；unle ss除非；though但是。

一旦间断锻炼，以后就很容易经常间断。

故A项正确。

]
48．D[choice选择；fault缺点，过失；cause起因；excuse借口。

作者认为我们总是能够找到理由不去做应该做的事。

每一个理由都是为自己开脱的借口。

故D项正确。

]。