湖南省长沙市2019届高三“一诊”作文试题解析与导练
湖南省长沙市长郡中学2019届高三下学期第一次适应性考试(一模)语文试题 Word版含解析

湖南省长沙市长郡中学2019届高三下学期第一次适应性考试(一模)语文试题语文试题本试卷分第I卷(阅读题)和第II卷(表达题)两部分.满分150分,时量150分钟.第I卷(阅读题,共70分)一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成各题。
基层避责是指基层政府各管理主体采取诸多策略规避由其职位带来的直接责任和潜在责任,以避免自身利益受到损失。
这一概念界定包括三个层面的含义:第一,虽然避责是一种客观存在的行政行为,但基于社会影响的直接性角度,本文只关注政府特别是基层政府的避责。
本文所指的基层政府包括市、县、区和乡、镇两级政府,并涵盖了基层治理过程中的多元主体,即在职能分工、权责配置中存在较大差异的“官僚群体、派生群体和雇佣群体”。
第二,避责行为主要规避的是直接责任和潜在责任。
在层级管理体制下,上级通过激励、约束机制对基层行政过程进行控制,虽然各机构和行政人员均有建立在职能分工基础上的书面权责说明,但由于既有规定过于宽泛模糊,并且基层行政主体需承办大量的临时性任务和上级交办的其他工作,故避责行为所规避的不仅是书面上的直接责任,还包括法定职责外的其他潜在责任。
第三,在成本——收益权衡的基础上,避责行为的目的在于减少利益损失。
由于行政过程中体现出的不同利益诉求、行为偏好和价值观念,解释避责现象自然无法忽视基层政府内部成员的混合动机及其构成逻辑。
作为基层在权责分立结构下应对风险的行为选择,避责极具复杂性和多样性。
基层工作人员通过对风险和收益的整合分析,在不同情况下条件式地选择不同避责行为,并且会根据策略的实际效果进行动态组合。
各种避责行为是并行不悖的,多种行为可同时存在,并进行区别性搭配和组合。
根据近年来对基层政府的田野调查和跟踪观察,在对第一手访谈资料和现实情况开展深入分析的基础上,结合决策树和类型学的分类方法,从两个维度出发对现阶段基层政府中普遍存在的避责行为进行分析(见图1)。
长沙市2019届高三年级统一模拟考试语文语文试题、参考答案及评分标准

长沙市2019届高三年级统一模拟考试语文试题、参考答案及评分标准长沙市2019届高三年级统一模拟考试语文参考答案及评分标准一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)1.(3分)【答案】D【解析】A项已飞速壮大错误,原文是正加速;B项是衡量当代中国经济状况的晴雨表原文无据,夸大了作用;C项将成为支撑中国经济发展不可忽视的力量一句有误,原文是正成为。
2.(3分)【答案】B【解析】文章论证的观点是:新动能是观察当代中国经济的一扇新窗。
3.(3分)【答案】C【解析】C项不合时宜的不是经济发展模式,也许会被淘汰原文无据。
(二)文学类文本阅读(本题共3小题,15分)4.(3分)【答案】C【解析】表明我对父亲的态度是不尊敬的分析错误。
原文称呼父亲为这个土匪种只是一种叙述的腔调,显得野性十足。
5.(6分)【参考答案】现实的真切感:开篇时间具体到八月初九,如同现实生活记录的再现;小说通过父亲的视觉、嗅觉、触觉等感受,如热烘烘的香味、凉气逼人、打了一个冷战等,给读者呈现了真切的生活场景;送别场面描写也增加了小说的真切感。
历史的厚重感:故事发生在一九三九年,距离读者已有近百年,小说又通过我的叙述,拉开与那段往事的距离,增强了历史感;开篇就交待日后余占鳌成了名满天下的传奇英雄,这种叙述方式也突出了历史的厚重感。
(每点3分,其他答案学生言之成理亦可酌情给分。
)6.(6分)【参考答案】邪劲儿指的是小说创作不走寻常路,有其独特的艺术魅力。
从情节安排上看:小说淡化了情节,打破了时空的顺序,灵活地将两代人的故事交错叙述以推动情节向前发展。
从人物塑造上看:小说没有通过激烈的矛盾冲突表现人物特征,而是让人物的成长变化自然地通过环境得以体现。
从叙述风格上看:小说打破了单一的叙述方式,兼有我的有限视角和我奶奶的全知视角,将人物在小说中的表达与我的表达自然结合,无拘无束,极大地提高了读者的阅读兴趣。
从主旨表达上看:小说弱化了主旨表达,在不经意间让读者体会中国农民对抗外敌入侵的淳朴态度和生命之气,让小说有一种原始的激情和力量。
湖南省长沙市一中2019届高三第一次月考英语试题及答案

湖南省长沙市一中2019届高三第一次月考英语试题及答案湖南省长沙一中2018届高三第一次月考英语试卷(word版).时量:120分钟满分:l50分PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30 marks)SECTION A (22.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you "I1 hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers'?A. Employer and employee.B. Classmates.C. Mother and son.2. What can we know about the man?A. He will graduate.B. He will take an exam.C. He will study in another school.Conversation 23. Why was the woman worried when she first spoke English to a foreigner?A. She thought her pronunciation was bad.B. She thought she couldn't express herself clearly.C. She thought she might make many mistakes.4. Why did the foreigner not say anything at first when the woman talked with him'?A. The foreigner was too worried.B. The foreigner knew little English.C. The foreigner was very patient.Conversation 35. What can we learn from the conversation?A. Jean earns much money.B. Jean's husband is very fat.C. Jean loves money so much.6. What does the man speaker think of the woman speaker?A. He thinks the woman works hard.B. He thinks the woman will be very rich.C. He thinks the woman is different from Jean.Conversation 47. Where is Jack now?A. In the prison.B. In the hospital.C. In the car.8. What can we learn from the conversation?A. Jack will be fined $ 500 for drunk driving.B, The new law for drunk driving is tougher than before.C. Jack knows little about the new law on drunk driving.9. For how long can't Jack drive?A. 12 months,B. 6 months.C. 8 months.Conversation 510. What exercise does the boy do every morning?A. Walking.B. Playing bowling: C, Running.11. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In the classroom.B. In the subway.C. In the gym.12. What does the girl advise the boy to do?A. To do exercise every day.B. To set his alarm for an earlier time.C. To make a better plan for exercise.Conversation 613. What's the weather like in the Caribbean?A. Hot.B. Warm.C. Cool.14. What problem did the woman meet when she was traveling in the Caribbean?A. She had some language problems.B. The clothes were expensive.C. It was difficult to find a hotel.15. Which of the following is cheap in the Caribbean?A. Clothes.B. Gold jewellery.C. Toys.SECTION B (7.5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.SECTION A ( 15 marks)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked AB, C and D. Chose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21. With spring ______, many cold-blooded animals are coming out to hunt food.A. approachedB. approachingC. to be approachedD. having approached22. --Hi, Mary!-- Oh, it's you. Jack! I ______ you. You look like a star with the glasses.A. didn't recognizeB. don't recognizeC. haven't recognizedD. hadn't recognized23. People feel shocked that a university student ______ do that to a woman.A. mustB. mayC. canD. should24. What made the public unsatisfied is not what the minister said about the train crashbut ______ he said it.A. the wayB. in the wayC. the way whichD. in the way that25. Not until he found nobody was in the school ______ it was Sunday.A. David realizedB. David didn't realizeC. did David realizeD. didn't David realize26. This is the first time you has visited our city, ______?A. hasn't youB. didn't youC. hasn't itD. isn't it27. ______ full preparation, the doctor decided to postpone the operation.A, Not making B. Not made C. Not to make D. Not having made28. You could understand what he is referring to if you his lecture yesterday.A. attendedB. had attendedC. have attendedD. would have attended29. A perfect idea occurred to me ______ we can give a hand-made gift to our teacherfor Teachers' day.A. thatB. whichC. whetherD. if30. My wife and I plan to spend our honeymoon in Paris ______ it's not so expensive.A. unlessB. as C, if D. though31. There is no need ______ any more. They say the flight has been canceled due to thetyphoon.A. hurryB. to hurryC. hurriedD. hurrying32. It's 7:30. Hurry up! Your train ______ at 8:15.A. leavesB. leftC. is leavingD. has left33. Once again he failed to hand in his project in time, ______ he had been givenenough time to do it.A. in caseB. as thoughC. so thatD. even though34. The terminal building put into use one month ago is ______ poor condition.A. onB. inC. underD. with35. -- Have you moved into your new house'?-- Not yet. It ______ at present.A. will be paintedB. was paintedC. is being paintedD. is paintedSECTION B (18 marks)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase that best fits the context.The Monkey with the Wooden ApplesThere once was a happy monkey in the jungle. He was wandering all days, eating delicious fruit when hungry and 36 when tired. One day he came upon a house, where he saw a bowl of the most beautiful 37 . He took one in each hand and ran back into the forest.The monkey tried to eat them, but hurt his teeth. The apples were made of wood, but they were beautiful, and when the other monkeys 38 them, he held onto them even tighter.The monkey admired his new possessions proudly as he wandered the jungle. They glistened (闪亮) red in the 39 , and seemed perfect to him. He became so attached to them that he didn't even notice his 40 at first.A fruit tree reminded him, but he felt the apples in his hands. He couldn't bear to set them down to reach for the fruit. In fact, he couldn't 41 , either, if he was to defend his apples. This proud, but less happy monkey continued to walk along the forest trails.The apples became 42 , and the poor little monkey thought about leaving them behind. He was tired and hungry; he couldn't climb trees or collect fruit with his hands 43 . What if he just let go?Letting go of such 44 things seemed crazy, but what else could he do? He was so tired. Seeing the next fruit tree and smelling its fruit, the monkey stopped. He 45 the wooden apples and reached up for his meal. He was happy again.Like that little monkey, we 46 carry things that seem too valuable. Letting go off them seems crazy. But 47 : only with open hands can we receive something else.36. A. walking B. shouting C. resting D. crying37. A. bananas B. pears C. stones D. apples38. A. pinked B. carried C. saw D. enjoyed39. A. rain B. sun C. shade D. wind40. A. appearance B. hunger C. danger D. home41. A. stop B. look C. relax D. breathe42. A. heavier B. larger C. taller D. cheaper43. A. full B. dirty C. wet D. flat44. A. expensive B. delicious C. strange D. valuable45. A. finished B. dropped C. sold D. passed46. A. always B. seldom C. never D. sometimes47. A. copy B. write C. remember D. hopeSECTION C (12 marks)Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fitsthe context.Nowadays, millions of lonely singles are now going online instead. The World Wide Web is quickly becoming 48. ________ world's most popular matchmaker(媒人).Singles are flocking (涌向) to the Internet mainly 49. ________ their busy lifestyles leave themlittle time to look for a significant other. Using dating sites(约会址) is quick 50. ________ convenient. Many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them 51. ________ one bad experienceto another and are ready to try something else.Dating sites also make 52. ________ easy to avoid someone who you are not interested in. In thereal world, 53. ________, ignoring someone you don't like can be difficult.54. ________ all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. Peoplearen't always those 55. ________ they declare to be in their online description. Safety is another concern. You are just likely to find a criminal online as your Mr. or Miss Right.PART THREE READING COMPREHENSION (30 marks)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage.AWhen a child is told he is "uncool", it can be very painful. He may say he doesn't care, andeven act in ways that are opposite of cool on purpose. But ultimately, these are simply ways to handle sadness by pretending it's not there.Helping a child feel better in school had to be careful. If you say, "Why are you worried aboutwhat other children think about you? It doesn't matter!" children know that it does matter. Instead,an active way may be best. You could say, "I'm going to do a couple of things for you to help youfeel better in school."If a boy is having trouble making friends, the teacher can help him. The teacher can arrangethings so that he has chances to use his abilities to contribute to class projects. This is how theother children learn how to value his good qualities and to like him. A teacher can also raise a child's popularity in the group by showing that he values that child. It even helps to put him in a seat nextto a very popular child, or let him be a partner with that child in activities, etc.There are things that parents can do at home, too. Be friendly when your child brings othershome to play. Encourage him to invite friends to meals and then serve the dishes they consider "super".When you plan trips, picnics, movies, and other shows, invite another child with whom your child wantsto be friends.What you can do is to give him a chance to join a group that may be shutting him out. Then,if he has good qualities, he can start to build real friendship of his own.56. A child who has been informed of being "uncool" may ________.A. care nothing about itB. develop a sense of angerC. do something uncool purposelyD. pretend to get hurt very much57. A teacher can help an unpopular child by ________.A. seeing the child as the teacher's favouriteB. asking the child to do something for partnersC. forcing other children to make friends with the childD. offering the child chances to show his good qualities58. How can parents help their child fit in better?A. By cooking delicious food for him.B. By being kind to his schoolmates.C. By forcing him to invite friends home.D. By taking him to have picnics in the park.59. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Children doesn't care others' comments on them.B. It's only teacher's work to make children popular.C. Parents should take their children out for picnic and shows more often.D. Inviting children's friends to family activities is good for them to make friends.60. The passage mainly talks about ________.A. how to help an unpopular childB. why some children are unpopularC. who is responsible for unpopular childrenD. how to find out good points of unpopular childrenBSHANGHAI--Partly because of a string of malfunctions and the July 23 train crash in Wenzhou, the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway was not as popular in its first month of operation as many had expected.In a news release on Monday, the Ministry of Railways said the railway had transported 5.26 million passengers from July 1 to July 31, or 170,000 passengers a day on average.And an average of 179 trains including both those that run at 200 km/h and at 300 km/h trains - were on the line every day, and the trains had an occupancy rate (上座率) of 107%, the ministry said. To many who traveled, that last figure no doubt seems puzzling. How, after all, could carriages that were often half empty have been 107% occupied? Zhao Jian, professor at Beijing Jiaotong University, said the figure is not a good reflection of reality. He accounted for it by noting that a seat aboard one of the trains would be said to have a 200% occupancy rate if one passenger had sat in it from Beijing to Tianjin and then another passenger had occupied the same seat from Suzhou to Shanghai. Despite the impressiveness of those figures, travelers will find, perhaps to their surprise, that they will have little trouble buying tickets to ride the 1,318-km-long high-speed rail line. By 7:30 pm on Monday, passengers could still buy 754 second-class tickets and 148 first-class tickets for a high-speed train that is to leave from Shanghai for Beijing on Tuesday afternoon, according to the China Railway Customer Service Center's website. The train contains 1,066 seats.The story was different for those who want to travel by air between Shanghai and Beijing. Luo Zhuping, board secretary of China Eastern Airlines, said seats on the company's flights on that route are selling well: 90 percent of them continue to be occupied.The situation was different in the first week after the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed train began operating on the last day of Junc. The airline then saw the number of travelers using its service fall by 20 percent and began offering generous discounts to draw in more passengers. Few such incentives are being given now, he said. Still, passengers have not totally abandoned high-speed rails in the days following the Wenzhou train crash, which has killed 40 passengers and injured 191.61. Which of the following is NOT true about the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed train?A. It began operating on June 30th.B. There are trains that run at different speeds.C. An average of 179 trains were on the line every day.D. On average, 5.26 million passengers take it a day in July.62. What made many people who traveled puzzled?A. The train's speed.B. The number of the trains.C. The train's occupancy rate.D. The seats number of the train.63. According to Zhao Jian, the occupancy rate of the train is ________.A. unrealB. inaccurateC. unbelievableD. unreasonable64. What can we infer from the words of the board secretary of China Eastern Airlines?A. Airlines offer more discount to attract passengers.B. The high-speed railway has a great impact on airlines.C. Airlines aren't affected by high-speed railway so much.D. The high-speed railway is much more popular than airlines.65. What can we know from the 4th paragraph?A. The distance from Belling to Shanghai is 2018 km.B. Passengers can buy tickets only at 7:30 pm on Monday.C. There is some trouble buying the tickets from Shanghai to Belling.D. There are 754 second-class seats and 148 first-class seats in a train.CPredicting when an earthquake or volcanic eruption will take place is extremely difficult, even with the advanced technological equipment available to modern scientists. There are some people, however, who believe they can sense when a major geological(地质学上的) event is coming. They claim to be "earthquake sensitive".Sensitivity to the earth's movements, according to those who say they have it, is revealed in different ways. Some say they are unusually clumsy and keep dropping things and having small accidents just before a big event. Others suddenly have a strong desire to eat popcorn, and don' t know why. Though it may sound crazy, they say it tells them that a big earthquake is less than 24 hours away.The most common sign of an approaching disaster among earthquake sensitive people is said to be a bad headache. Arguably the first person to connect her own headaches to coming geological events was an American woman called Charlotte, King. She became famous for her prediction of the eruption of Washington's Mr. St. Helens on May 18, 2018, when she was accurate to within 12 minutes of the actual event.King was tested by doctors and scientists and found to possess unusual hearing abilities. She could hear sounds in frequencies that most human beings cannot, and claimed to have been hearing such sounds since66. It is stated in the first paragraph that there may be ________.A. people who are able to detect earthquake activityB. people who are developing new methods of preventing earthquakesC. new machines to help earthquake sensitive people make predictionsD. new machines that will soon be able to accurately predict earthquakes67. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Charlotte KingB. A magical abilityC. Human vs MachineD. Earthquake and volcanic eruption68. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a sign of an approaching earthquake?A. A very loud noise.B. A painful headache.C. An urge to eat popcorn.D. A tendency to drop things.69. Charlotte King became well known because she ________.A. timed an earthquake to within 12 minutesB. correctly predicted a big volcanic eruptionC. can make sounds other people cannot hearD. is smarter than many doctors and scientists70. What enables Charlotte King to predict a geological event?A. The headache.B. The frequency of a sound.C. Her special hearing ability.D. The pitch or rhythm of a sound.PART FOUR WRITING (45 marks)SECTION A (10 marks)Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.American public education has changed in recent years. One change is that increasing numbers of American parents and teachers are starting independent public schools called charter schools. In 2018, there were no charter schools in the Unite States.Today, more than 2018 charter schools operate in 34 states and the District of Columbia. 575. 000 students attend these schools. The students are from 5 years of age through 18 or older.A charter school is created by groups of parents, teachers and community members. It is similar in some ways to a traditional public school. It receives tax money to operate a number of students. The charter school must prove to local or state governments that its students are learning. These governments provide the school with the agreement, or charter that permits it to operate.Unlike a traditional public school, however, the charter school does not have to obey most laws governing public schools. Local, state or federal governments cannot tell it what to teach.Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to reach those goals. Class sizes are usually smaller than in many traditional public schools. Many students and parents say teachers in charter schools can be more creative.However, stateeducation agencies, local education-governing committees and unions often oppose charter schools. They say these schools may receive money badly needed by traditional public schools. Experts say some charter schools are doing well while others are struggling.Congress provided 200 million dollars for establishing charter schools in the 2018 federal budget. But, often the schools say they lack enough money for programs. Many also lack needed space, District officials say they have provided 14 former school buildings for charter education. Yet charter school supporters say officials should try harder to find more space.Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.Although many Chinese students say that their knowledge of English grammar is good, most would admit that their spoken English is poor. Whenever I speak to Chinese students they always say, "My spoken English is poor," However, their spoken English does not have to remain "poor". 1 would like to suggest that there may be some reasons for their problems with spoken English.First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary. Obviously the better answer is to expand their vocabulary. However, you can speak with a limited vocabulary, if your attitude is-positive. Others will follow you as long as you use the words that you know.Second, they are afraid of making mistakes. Sometimes they make mistakes when they are speaking because they are shy and nervous. Yet students should remember that their goal should be FLUENCY NOT ACCURACY. Your aim in writing is to be accurate following the rules for grammar and using the right words and spelling them correctly. However, in speaking, your aim is fluency. You want to get your message across, to talk to someone in English as quickly and well as you can even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense. But it doesn't matter because the person you are speaking to will understand you and make allowances for any mistakes he hears.The third reason is that not enough attention is paid to listening. You have one mouth but two ears! All that hearing is necessary for you to start speaking.Fourth, most Chinese students are reactive rather than proactive language learners. Instead of actively seeking out opportunities to improve their spoken English they passively wait for speaking opportunities to come to them and wonder why their English always remains poor. If you have this proactive outlook, then; you will see English opportunities wherever you go.If you do not use your English beyond the classroom you will forget that English you know. Remember: USE IT OR LOSE IT! You can learn how to speak English better by speaking English more.81. According to the passage, what do many Chinese students think of their English?(No more than 12 words) (3 marks)82. Why can't some Chinese students find suitable words to express themselves? (No more than 6 words) (2 marks)83. According to the writer, what should be the goal when you talk with others in English? (No more than 1 word) (2 marks)84. By "proactive language learners", what does the writer mean? (No more than 12 words)(3 marks)S1研10N C(25 marks)Directions:Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese 以下是一名高三学生王海写给Wise博上的一封信。
湖南省长沙市2019届高三统一模拟考语文试题 Word版含答案

湖南省长沙市2019届高三统一模拟考语文试题本试卷共8页。
全卷满分150分。
考试用时150分钟。
注意事项:1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
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4.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。
一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
观察中国经济的一扇新窗日前,国家统计局对外发布,2015年-2017年我国经济发展新动能指数分别为123.5、156.7、210.1,分别比上年增长23.5%、26.9%和34.1%。
经济发展新动能指数逐年攀升,意味着中国经济发展新动能正加速发展壮大。
新动能是什么?普通人也并不陌生。
它是奔驰于街巷的新能源汽车,劲舞于戈壁的风力叶片;是手机轻点就及时递达的高铁外卖,电商超市里现买现做的海鲜大餐;是远在千里的智慧工厂,也是近在身边的共享经济;它是“云”端的服务、“网”上的便捷,是新产业新业态新商业模式迸发的汩汩智慧,更是观察当代中国经济的一扇新窗。
在过去相当长一段时间内,告别短缺是中国经济的主旋律,工业产量是观察中国经济的重要窗口。
以钢产量为例,1989年,6000万吨钢产量令多少中国人夜不能寐;1996年,“亿吨钢铁壮国威”更成为媒体热词。
然而,2015年,当我们拥有12亿吨钢铁产能的时候,却陷入了“钢铁沦为‘白菜价’”的窘境,钢铁去产能还成了“国家任务”。
那么这一年,中国经济撞上“冰山”了吗?这一年,中国经济不仅一如既往稳中向好,对外货物贸易总额还稳居世界首位,全国居民人均可支配收入增速跑赢人均CDP增速!可见,告别短缺之后,再以传统工业品产量去衡量中国经济的冷热,是不合时宜的。
湖南省2019届高三语文高考一模试题卷附答案解析

湖南省2019届高三高考一模语文试题卷一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
作为近代社会新因素的下层市民文艺和上层浪漫思潮,在明末发展到极致后遭受了本不应有的挫折。
李自成的失败带来了满清帝国的建立,落后的少数民族总是更易接受和强制推行保守、反动的经济、政治、文化政策。
资本主义因素在清初被全面打了下去,在那几位所谓"雄才大略"的君主的漫长统治时期,巩固传统小农经济、压抑商品生产、全面闭关自守的儒家正统理论,成了明确的国家指导思想。
从社会氛围、思想状貌、观念心理到文艺各个领域,都相当清楚地反射出这种倒退性的严重变易。
与明代那种突破传统的解放潮流相反,清代盛极一时的是全面的复古主义、禁欲主义、伪古典主义。
作为明代新文艺思潮基础的市民文艺突然萎缩,上层浪漫主义则一变而为伤感文学。
《桃花扇》《长生殿》《聊斋志异》则是这一变易的重要杰作。
浪漫主义、感伤主义和批判现实主义,是明清文艺思潮三个不同阶段。
在第三阶段(乾隆),时代离解放浪潮相去已远,眼前是闹哄哄而又死沉沉的封建统治的回光返照。
复古主义已把一切弄得乌烟瘴气、麻木不仁,明末清初的民主民族的伟大思想早成陈迹,失去理论头脑的考据成了支配人间的学问。
"避席畏闻文字狱,著书都为稻梁谋",那是多么黑暗的世界啊。
像戴震这样先进的思想家也只能以考据名世,得不到人们的任何了解,他自已视为最重要的哲学著作痛斥宋儒"以理杀人"的《孟子字义疏证》,连他儿子在编集子时也把它排斥在外,视为无足轻重。
那是没有曙光、长夜漫漫、终于使中国落在欧洲后面的十八世纪的封建末世。
在文艺领域,真正作为这个封建末世的总结的要算中国文学的无上珍宝《红楼梦》了。
无论是爱情主题说、政治小说说、色空观念说,都似乎没有很好地把握住上述具有深刻根基的感伤主义思潮在《红楼梦》里的升华。
其实,正是这种思潮使《红楼梦》带有异彩。
湖南省长沙市2019届高三上学期统一模拟考语文试题 含解析

湖南省长沙市2019届高三统一模拟考语文试题一、现代文阅读论述类文本阅读阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。
观察中国经济的一扇新窗日前,国家统计局对外发布,2015年-2017年我国经济发展新动能指数分别为123.5、156.7、210.1,分别比上年增长23.5%、26.9%和34.1%。
经济发展新动能指数逐年攀升,意味着中国经济发展新动能正加速发展壮大。
新动能是什么?普通人也并不陌生。
它是奔驰于街巷的新能源汽车,劲舞于戈壁的风力叶片;是手机轻点就及时递达的高铁外卖,电商超市里现买现做的海鲜大餐;是远在千里的智慧工厂,也是近在身边的共享经济;它是“云”端的服务、“网”上的便捷,是新产业新业态新商业模式迸发的汩汩智慧,更是观察当代中国经济的一扇新窗。
在过去相当长一段时间内,告别短缺是中国经济的主旋律,工业产量是观察中国经济的重要窗口。
以钢产量为例,1989年,6000万吨钢产量令多少中国人夜不能寐;1996年,“亿吨钢铁壮国威”更成为媒体热词。
然而,2015年,当我们拥有12亿吨钢铁产能的时候,却陷入了“钢铁沦为‘白菜价’”的窘境,钢铁去产能还成了“国家任务”。
那么这一年,中国经济撞上“冰山”了吗?这一年,中国经济不仅一如既往稳中向好,对外货物贸易总额还稳居世界首位,全国居民人均可支配收入增速跑赢人均CDP增速!可见,告别短缺之后,再以传统工业品产量去衡量中国经济的冷热,是不合时宜的。
不仅是传统工业品产量,不少传统指标都难以全面反映当今中国的经济活力,亟须新动能指数来“拾遗补缺”。
铁路货运量与工业用电量,曾被视为中国经济“晴雨表”。
过去几年,当这两个指标迅速下行时,也有人高呼“中国经济即将硬着陆”。
然而,他们忽略了,我国服务业占GDP比重及对经济增长的贡献率已然超过第二产业。
中国旧动力高速扩张期已经过去,新动能正成为支撑中国经济向好不可忽视的力量。
数据显示,2017年全国“三新”经济增加值近13万亿元,相当于GDP的比重为15.7%。
湖南省长沙市长郡中学2019届高三下学期第一次适应性考试(一模)语文试题 含答案

长郡中学2019届第一次适应性考试语文试题本试卷分第I卷(阅读题)和第II卷(表达题)两部分.满分150分,时量150分钟.第I卷(阅读题,共70分)一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
基层避责是指基层政府各管理主体采取诸多策略规避由其职位带来的直接责任和潜在责任,以避免自身利益受到损失。
这一概念界定包括三个层面的含义:第一,虽然避责是一种客观存在的行政行为,但基于社会影响的直接性角度,本文只关注政府特别是基层政府的避责。
本文所指的基层政府包括市、县、区和乡、镇两级政府,并涵盖了基层治理过程中的多元主体,即在职能分工、权责配置中存在较大差异的“官僚群体、派生群体和雇佣群体”。
第二,避责行为主要规避的是直接责任和潜在责任。
在层级管理体制下,上级通过激励、约束机制对基层行政过程进行控制,虽然各机构和行政人员均有建立在职能分工基础上的书面权责说明,但由于既有规定过于宽泛模糊,并且基层行政主体需承办大量的临时性任务和上级交办的其他工作,故避责行为所规避的不仅是书面上的直接责任,还包括法定职责外的其他潜在责任。
第三,在成本——收益权衡的基础上,避责行为的目的在于减少利益损失。
由于行政过程中体现出的不同利益诉求、行为偏好和价值观念,解释避责现象自然无法忽视基层政府内部成员的混合动机及其构成逻辑。
作为基层在权责分立结构下应对风险的行为选择,避责极具复杂性和多样性。
基层工作人员通过对风险和收益的整合分析,在不同情况下条件式地选择不同避责行为,并且会根据策略的实际效果进行动态组合。
各种避责行为是并行不悖的,多种行为可同时存在,并进行区别性搭配和组合。
根据近年来对基层政府的田野调查和跟踪观察,在对第一手访谈资料和现实情况开展深入分析的基础上,结合决策树和类型学的分类方法,从两个维度出发对现阶段基层政府中普遍存在的避责行为进行分析(见图1)。
图l基层避责的具体策略分类一是时间序列维度。
2019届湖南长沙长郡中学高三上第一次月考语文试卷【含答案及解析】

2019届湖南长沙长郡中学高三上第一次月考语文试卷【含答案及解析】姓名___________ 班级____________ 分数__________一、现代文阅读1. 阅读下面的文字,完成小题。
“黑箱”是控制论中的概念,意为在认识上主体对其内部情况全然不知的对象。
“科技黑箱”的含义与此有所不同,它是一种特殊的存贮知识、运行知识的设施或过程,使用者如同面对黑箱,不必打开,也不必理解和掌握其中的知识,只需按规则操作即可得到预期的结果。
例如电脑、手机、摄像机、芯片,以及药品等,可以说,几乎技术的全部中间和最终成果都是科技黑箱。
在科技黑箱的生产过程中,科学知识是基础,价值观和伦理道德则对科学知识进行选择。
除此以外,科技黑箱中还整合了大量人文的、社会的知识,并且或多或少渗透了企业文化和理念。
这样,在电脑或手机中就集成了物理学、计算机科学、管理学、经济学、美学,以及对市场的调研和政府的相关政策等知识。
科技黑箱是特殊的传播与共享知识的媒体,具有三大特点。
首先,它使得每一个使用者——不仅牛顿,都能直接“站在巨人的肩上”继续前进。
试想,如果要全世界昀电脑使用者都透彻掌握电脑的工作原理,掌握芯片上的电子理论,那需要多少时间?知识正是通过科技黑箱这一途径而达到最大限度的共享。
如今,计算机天才、黑客的年龄越来越小,神童不断出现,他们未必理解计算机的制作过程就能编写软件、破译密码。
每一代新科技黑箱的出现,就为相对“无知识”的年轻一代的崛起与赶超提供了机会。
其次,处在相对低端的科技黑箱往往与语境和主体无关,而处于高端的科技黑箱则需满足特定主体在特定场合乃至心理的需要。
人们很少能对一把锤子做什么改进,而使用一个月后的电脑则已经深深地打上了个人的印记,这就说明,在认识变得简单易行之时,实践变得复杂和重要。
最后,当科技为我们打开一扇又一扇门的时候,我们能拒绝它的诱惑不进去吗?而一旦进去,我们的行为能不受制于房间和走道的形状吗?表面上是使用者在支配科技黑箱,然而科技黑箱却正在使用者“不知情”的情况下,对使用者施加潜移默化的影响,也就是说使用者被生产方对象化了。
湖南省长沙市2019届高三统一模拟考语文试题

湖南省长沙市2019届高三统一模拟考语文试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分。
考生作答时,将答案答在答题卡上,在本试卷上答题无效。
★祝考试顺利★注意事项:1、考试范围:高考范围。
2、答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上,并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
3、选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4、非选择题的作答:用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
5.保持卡面清洁,不折叠,不破损,不得使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带等。
6、考试结束后,请将本试题卷、答题卡、草稿纸一并上交。
一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
观察中国经济的一扇新窗日前,国家统计局对外发布,2015年-2017年我国经济发展新动能指数分别为123.5、156.7、210.1,分别比上年增长23.5%、26.9%和34.1%。
经济发展新动能指数逐年攀升,意味着中国经济发展新动能正加速发展壮大。
新动能是什么?普通人也并不陌生。
它是奔驰于街巷的新能源汽车,劲舞于戈壁的风力叶片;是手机轻点就及时递达的高铁外卖,电商超市里现买现做的海鲜大餐;是远在千里的智慧工厂,也是近在身边的共享经济;它是“云”端的服务、“网”上的便捷,是新产业新业态新商业模式迸发的汩汩智慧,更是观察当代中国经济的一扇新窗。
在过去相当长一段时间内,告别短缺是中国经济的主旋律,工业产量是观察中国经济的重要窗口。
以钢产量为例,1989年,6000万吨钢产量令多少中国人夜不能寐;1996年,“亿吨钢铁壮国威”更成为媒体热词。
然而,2015年,当我们拥有12亿吨钢铁产能的时候,却陷入了“钢铁沦为‘白菜价’”的窘境,钢铁去产能还成了“国家任务”。
湖南省长沙市2019届高三年级统一模拟考试语文试卷

语文参考答案及评分标准一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)1.(3分)【答案】D【解析】A项“已飞速壮大”错误,原文是“正加速”;B项“是衡量当代中国经济状况的晴雨表”原文无据,夸大了作用;C项“将成为支撑中国经济发展不可忽视的力量”一句有误,原文是“正成为”。
2.(3分)【答案】B【解析】文章论证的观点是:新动能是观察当代中国经济的一扇新窗。
3.(3分)【答案】C【解析】C项“不合时宜”的不是“经济发展模式”,“也许会被淘汰”原文无据。
(二)文学类文本阅读(本题共3小题,15分)4.(3分)【答案】C【解析】“表明我对父亲的态度是不尊敬的”分析错误。
原文称呼父亲为“这个土匪种”只是一种叙述的腔调,显得野性十足。
5.(6分)【参考答案】现实的真切感:开篇时间具体到“八月初九”,如同现实生活记录的再现;小说通过“父亲”的视觉、嗅觉、触觉等感受,如“热烘烘的香味、凉气逼人、打了一个冷战”等,给读者呈现了真切的生活场景;送别场面描写也增加了小说的真切感。
历史的厚重感:故事发生在“一九三九年”,距离读者已有近百年,小说又通过“我”的叙述,拉开与那段往事的距离,增强了历史感;开篇就交待日后余占鳌成了名满天下的传奇英雄,这种叙述方式也突出了历史的厚重感。
(每点3分,其他答案学生言之成理亦可酌情给分。
)6.(6分)【参考答案】“邪劲儿”指的是小说创作不走寻常路,有其独特的艺术魅力。
从情节安排上看:小说淡化了情节,打破了时空的顺序,灵活地将两代人的故事交错叙述以推动情节向前发展。
从人物塑造上看:小说没有通过激烈的矛盾冲突表现人物特征,而是让人物的成长变化自然地通过环境得以体现。
从叙述风格上看:小说打破了单一的叙述方式,兼有“我”的有限视角和“我奶奶”的全知视角,将人物在小说中的表达与我的表达自然结合,无拘无束,极大地提高了读者的阅读兴趣。
从主旨表达上看:小说弱化了主旨表达,在不经意间让读者体会中国农民对抗外敌入侵的淳朴态度和生命之气,让小说有一种原始的激情和力量。
2019届高三语文一模试卷含完整答案

2019届高三语文一模试卷含完整答案语文(时间:150分钟满分:160分)一、语言文字运用(12分)1. 在下面一段文字的横线处填入词语,最恰当的一项是(3分)() 《尚书》里的尧、舜等英雄人物通常是半人半神,庄严崇高,________。
他们的语言通常是自上而下的训话,________,不容置疑。
因此上古历史表现出以崇高为主的美学风格,很少幽默,很少轻松,总给人一种________紧张的感觉。
A. 不动声色高屋建瓴肃静B. 不苟言笑高屋建瓴肃穆C. 不动声色高瞻远瞩肃穆D. 不苟言笑高瞻远瞩肃静2. 在下面一段文字横线处填入语句,衔接最恰当的一项是(3分)()记得数年前第一次踏上徽州这块土地,但见烟树葱茏,掩映着栉比而立的黛瓦粉墙,将徽州民居衬托在山光水色之中,________。
________,________。
________,________,________。
①勾勒出疏树寒村的山水胜境②犹如丹青妙手在用枯笔淡墨③强烈地吸引着我深入画境④寻幽探胜而陶然忘返⑤呈现出一派清新野逸的田园风光⑥那种“柳暗花明又一村”的牵人情思A. ③②①⑥④⑤B. ③⑥④②①⑤C. ⑤②①⑥③④D. ⑤⑥③②①④3. 下列诗句中的加点词,表示“成年”意思的一项是(3分)()A. 常思剑浦越清尘,豆蔻花红十二春。
(唐•陈陶)B. 丈人博陵王名家,怜我总角称才华。
(唐•李商隐)C. 束发名场历百艰,荷恩早许出清班。
(宋•曹勋)D. 富家生女才及笄,阿官门前筑新堤。
(宋•林光朝)4. 下列各句中,表达得体的一项是(3分)()A. 今天是小女婷婷的十岁生日,借此机会,聊备薄酒,感谢各位亲友多年来对我全家的关怀和帮助,请大家开怀畅饮!B. 俗话说千里送鹅毛,礼轻情意重,你送我的笔筒虽不贵重,但盛满浓浓的友情,我就笑纳了,一定好自珍藏!C. 这么多年来承蒙你的关怀照顾,我是受益匪浅。
现在你家里遇到了难处,我自然也应该鼎力相助,竭诚回报。
2019-2020学年长沙市明德中学高三语文一模试卷及答案解析

2019-2020学年长沙市明德中学高三语文一模试卷及答案解析一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
木佛冯骥才当锦盒被打开,我被拿出来放在桌上,来不及弄清这是什么地方,只见眼前站着三个人,其中一个是老板,但他靠边靠后站着。
中间一人倒背着手,沉着脸看着我,那神气好像他是佛。
他身边站着一个年轻人,肯定是秘书了,中间那人一动不动站着,呆呆瞧着我,似懂似不懂,他也不表示喜欢与否,站了一会儿便转过身向右边另一间屋子走去;好像他走向哪里,别人就得跟着走向哪里。
他大概就是陈主任了。
在他们走进另一间屋子之后,由于距离太远,我就听不清他们说些什么了,能听到的都是“喝茶、喝茶”,过一会儿还是“喝茶"。
又过些时候,老板似乎告别而去,他走时没经过我这间屋子,看来我被陈主任留下了,随后那年轻的秘书走进来,重新把我放进锦盒,轻轻关好。
我好像被拿到什么地方放好,跟着我听见关柜门和上锁的声音。
我以为从此要过一阵“深藏密室”的绝对平静的生活,我想得美!只过了几天时间,我就给人从锦盒里拿出来放在桌上,陈主任陪着一个人对着我瞧,刚才秘书来向陈主任报客人姓名时,说是“北京嘉宝拍卖行的黄老"。
我想,陈主任是不是行事谨慎,刻意回避了本地人?黄老的年纪六十开外,谢顶,衣装考究,气度不凡。
陈主任一口一个“黄老”称呼他,口气似很尊敬。
他对我看得十分仔细,还几次用“不错”两个字夸赞我。
在陈主任到另一间屋接听电话时,他紧盯着我胸前的璎珞与飘带细看,忽然脸上露出极其惊讶的表情,好像发现了宝物。
等陈主任听过电话回来,这黄老立刻把脸上惊讶的表情收了回去,对主任只淡淡说了一句:“东西不错,要想出手就交给我吧。
”陈主任说:“交给你,我自然放心.”黄老说:“您的东西不上拍为好,我拿到香港去找买家。
国内买家大都是土豪,只认鎏金铜像,要讲看历史看文化看艺术还得是人家欧洲人,肯出高价的也是人家。
”陈主任说:“东西太老不能出关吧?”黄老笑得露出牙来,说:“您下次去香港到荷里活老街那些古玩店看看就明白了,汉俑魏碑唐三彩,全是新出土的,只要肯出钱,什么东西都能出去,不单能出去,您要是咱这的人,在那儿买了几件东西还不用自己往回带,只管回来后到北京潘家园这边来取。
2019年湖南省长沙市高考语文一模试卷

2019年湖南省长沙市高考语文一模试卷一、论述类文本阅读1.(9分)阅读下面的文字,完成各题。
观察中国经济的一扇新窗日前,国家统计局对外发布,2015年﹣2017年我国经济发展新动能指数分别为123.5、156.7、210.1,分别比上年增长23.5%、26.9%和34.1%.经济发展新动能指数逐年攀升,意味着中国经济发展新动能正加速发展壮大。
新动能是什么?普通人也并不陌生。
它是奔驰于街巷的新能源汽车,劲舞于戈壁的风力叶片;是手机轻点就及时递达的高铁外卖,电商超市里现买现做的海鲜大餐;是远在千里的智慧工厂,也是近在身边的共享经济;它是“云”端的服务、“网”上的便捷,是新产业新业态新商业模式迸发的汩汩智慧,更是观察当代中国经济的一扇新窗。
在过去相当长一段时间内,告别短缺是中国经济的主旋律,工业产量是观察中国经济的重要窗口。
以钢产量为例,1989年,6000万吨钢产量令多少中国人夜不能寐;1996年,“亿吨钢铁壮国威”更成为媒体热词。
然而,2015年,当我们拥有12亿吨钢铁产能的时候,却陷入了“钢铁沦为‘白菜价’”的窘境,钢铁去产能还成了“国家任务”。
那么这一年,中国经济撞上“冰山”了吗?这一年,中国经济不仅一如既往稳中向好,对外货物贸易总额还稳居世界首位,全国居民人均可支配收入增速跑赢人均CDP增速!可见,告别短缺之后,再以传统工业品产量去衡量中国经济的冷热,是不合时宜的。
不仅是传统工业品产量,不少传统指标都难以全面反映当今中国的经济活力,亟须新动能指数来“拾遗补缺”。
铁路货运量与工业用电量,曾被视为中国经济“晴雨表”。
过去几年,当这两个指标迅速下行时,也有人高呼“中国经济即将硬着陆”。
然而,他们忽略了,我国服务业占GDP比重及对经济增长的贡献率已然超过第二产业。
中国旧动力高速扩张期已经过去,新动能正成为支撑中国经济向好不可忽视的力量。
数据显示,2017年全国“三新”经济增加值近13万亿元,相当于GDP的比重为15.7%.新动能无疑是缓解经济下行压力、推动高质量发展的重要动力。
2019-2020学年长沙市明德中学高三语文一模试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年长沙市明德中学高三语文一模试题及答案解析一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字,完成各题。
杭州市政协十一届四次会议上的一项提议引发热议:一位政协委员提议将“11.11”设为“全民公筷行动日”,与传统文化相结合,以“文创+公筷”模式助力公筷落地。
自疫情暴发以来,分餐制、公筷公勺制再次进入了大众的视野,“餐桌革命”被多次提上了议程,不少地区相继发布了文明用餐的倡议:江苏省泰州市出台了全国首个《公勺公筷使用规范》地方标准,河北印发了《河北省餐饮业分餐制、公勺公筷服务规范》,成都举行了“文明公筷日”的快闪主题活动。
不难看到,使用公筷的重要性已被大众所接受,大家对其重视程度也可见一斑。
前不久,在一项调查中显示:92%的网友赞成吃饭使用公筷。
尽管对使用公筷实行分餐的益处早已形成共识,但在实际推行时,却总会遭遇传统习俗与人情面子的阻梗。
筷子起源于中国,是华夏饮食文化的标志之一。
一双筷子、一桌饭菜,围桌而食,其乐融融,承载着中国的餐桌文化和情感交融。
因此,在不少人的观念中,饭桌上互相夹菜,是表达自身情感的重要“代言”。
餐厅提供的公筷、私筷一模一样,吃着吃着就分不清了;自家人、朋友间夹个菜还要换公筷,似乎显得矫情又生分;提醒别人用公筷就像影射别人脏一样……但其实,早在筷子的传承和发扬过程中,也有着一套使用礼仪。
其中,夹菜时不能从底部挑菜拣食、不能在盘子中翻找搅拌、不将筷子一端含在嘴里嘬吸等习俗,都体现着民间对于餐桌文化以及饮食卫生的讲究和礼貌。
这些,都是与如今提出公筷制的理念同一初衷、相辅相成的。
根据世卫组织统计数据表明,食源性疾患的发病率居各类疾病总发病率前列,而在疾病的各类传播途径中,唾液是最主要的途径之一。
聚餐时私筷取餐、私筷同盘,更是为病毒、细菌、微生物的传播打开了方便之门。
这次疫情中,因聚餐引发的感染病例更是为大众敲响了警钟——推行“全民公筷”,迫在眉睫。
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