上海市2020年高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularyDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Ancient Myth﹣﹣﹣A Hit With Modern AudiencesThis summer’s surprise hit at movie theaters across China was the re﹣telling of the ancient myth of Nezha． The animated film （1）________（take） in over four billion yuan at the box office and become one of the country’s most successful films ever． It proved that China could produce animated films comparable to （2）________produced in Hollywood and Japan．The film， directed by Yang Yu， was a massive undertaking（任务） from start to finish． He spent two years writing the script（剧本） and three more years making a film which required the efforts of 1，600 animators． But for Yang， it was a way to prove to himself that he （3）________change his fate and inspire others to change their fate as well．“I used to suffer from a lot of prejudice after changing my career，” said Yang，“Since then I have thought about making an animated film to encourage young people to persist in their dreams．”（4）________（convey）the message that “your f ate is in your own hands，” Yang made some changes to the original myth． Nezha was born a devil（恶魔），（5）________（fate） to cause mischief（恶作剧）， but he decides to overcome his fate and to save the people of his hometown from being destroyed by Ao Bing， the third son of the Dragon King．（6）________the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys，in Yang’s film， all of the characters are treated with empathy， and even the “bad” people are also victims of their fate，（7）________， actually， have the potential to change and become good．Over the years，I have come across a few students labeled as “devils．” Although some misbehaved simply （8）________they were not mature enough， others were trouble﹣making and uncooperative when they were in a bad mood． Those students need to know they were not doomed to be bad． As they grew up， they would have the power to change their circumstances．If you have seen Nezha， you know （9）________a terrific， entertaining film it is． Butan important lesson is also conveyed in the film （10）________we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly， so as not to allow those negative judgments to control our fate．【答案】has taken,those,could,To convey,fated,Despite,who,because,what,that【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】今年夏天，中国各大电影院出人意料地热映了一部讲述古老神话的电影《哪吒》．这部动画片票房已超过40亿元，成为中国有史以来最成功的电影之一．本文讲述了电影的制作过程以及导演想要表达的思想．【解答】（1）has taken．考查谓语动词．根据副词ever以及并列的谓语动词 become ，可知谓语动词用现在完成时态，和主语The animated film 一致，谓语动词has taken．（2）those．考查代词．代指animated films ，用those．（3）could．考查情态动词．本句表示“这是一种向自己证明自己能够改变命运、激励他人改变命运的方式”，所以和上半句时态一致，表示“能够”，用情态动词could．（4）To convey．考查动词不定式．做Yang made some changes to the original myth的目的状语，用动词不定式To convey．（5）fated．考查非谓语动词．做 Nezha was born a devil（恶魔）的状语，和主语Nezha构成被动关系，表示“被赋予…的命运”，用过去分词 fated．（6）Despite．考查介词．本句表示" 尽管古老的神话对好人和坏人的区别非常清楚，但在杨的电影中，所有的角色都受到了同情“，所以表示”尽管"，修饰短语the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys，用介词Despite．（7）who．考查定语从句．代指先行词the “bad” people ，做非限制性定语从句 have the potential to change and become good的主语，用关系词who．（8）because．考查连词．本句表示“虽然有些人因为不够成熟而行为不端，还有些人在心情不好的时候却会制造麻烦和不合作．”，所以引导原因状语从句they were not mature enough，用连词because．（9）what．考查感叹句．修饰以名词a terrific， entertaining film开头的感叹句it is，用what．（10）that．考查同位语从句．说明名词 an important lesson 的内容，引导结构和含义完整的同位语从句we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly，用that．Section BDirection： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Flood﹣hit Venice’s shrinking population faces mounting problemsVenetians（威尼斯人）are fed up with what they see as inadequate responses to the city’s mounting problems： record﹣breaking flooding， environmental and safety threats from cruise ship traffic and the burden on services from over﹣tourism．They feel largely left to their own devices， with ever﹣fewer Venetians living in the historic part of the city to（1）_______its interests and keep it from becoming mainly a tourist land．The historic flooding this week﹣﹣﹣marked by three floods over 1.5 meters （nearly 5 feet） and the highest in 53 years at 1.87 meters（6 feet， 1 inch）﹣﹣﹣has（2）_______calls to create an administration that recognizes the uniqueness of Venice， forboth its concentration of treasures and its（3）_______vulnerability．Flood damage has been（4）_______estimated at hundreds of millions of Euros （dollars），but the true range will only become clear with time． The frustration goes far beyond the failure to complete and（5）_______78 underwater barriers that were designed to prevent just the kind of damage that Venice has（6）_______this week． With the system not yet completed or even（7）_______tested after 16 years of work and 5 billion Euros （＄5.5 billion） invested， many are suspicious it will even work．At the public level， proposals for better administering the city including（8）_______some level of autonomy（自制） to Venice， already enjoyed by some Italianregions like Trentino﹣Alto﹣Adige with its German﹣speaking minority， or offering tax（9）_______to encourage Venice’s repopulation．Just 53，000 people live in the historic part of the city that tourists know as Venice， down by a third from a generation ago and dropping by about 1，000 people a year． That means fewer people watching the neighborhood， monitoring for public maintenance（10）_______or neighbors in need． Many leave because of the increased expense or the daily difficulties in living in a city of canals， which can make even a simple errand a hard journey．【答案】B,E,A,K,J,G,C,H,F,I【考点】选词填空【解析】本文讲述遭受洪水袭击的威尼斯人口减少，面临越来越多的问题．【解答】（1） B，考查句意，根据句意“他们觉得基本上只能靠自己的手段，越来越少的威尼斯人居住在这个城市的历史地段，以维护它的利益，并防止它成为一个主要的旅游地”，可知要填的词为“defend 保卫”．（2） E，考查句意，根据句意" 最高水位为53年来的（3）87米（6英尺，1英寸），强烈要求建立一个政府，“，可知要填的词为” sharpened 加强"．（4） A，考查句意，根据句意“），强烈要求建立一个政府，承认威尼斯的独特性，因为它的珍宝集中，脆弱性不断增加”，可知要填的词为“increasing 增加的”．（5） K，考查句意，根据句意" 洪水造成的损失粗略估计为数亿欧元，但真正的范围只会随着时间的推移而变得清晰“，可知要填的词为” roughly粗略地"．（6） J，考查句意，根据句意" 挫败感远远超过了未能完成并激活78个水下屏障，这些屏障旨在防止威尼斯本周遭受的那种破坏“，可知要填的词为” activate激活"．（7） G，考查句意，根据句意" 挫败感远远超过了未能完成并激活78个水下屏障，这些屏障旨在防止威尼斯本周遭受的那种破坏“，可知要填的词为” endured 忍受"．（8）C，考查句意，根据句意“由于该系统经过16年的工作和50亿欧元（55亿美元）的投资，该系统还没有完成甚至部分测试，许多人怀疑它甚至还能工作”，可知要填的词为“partially 部分地”．（9） H，考查句意，根据句意" 在公共层面，改善城市管理的提议，包括授予威尼斯一定程度的自治权“，可知要填的词为” granting授予"．（10） F，考查句意，根据句意“或者提供税收减免来鼓励威尼斯的人口重新增长”，可知要填的词为“breaks 暂停”．（11） I，考查句意，根据句意" 这意味着看护邻居、监控公共维修问题或有需要的邻居的人会减少“，可知要填的词为”issues问题 "．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ecology is a complicated thing． Given the facts that elephant damage often kills treesand bush fires often kill trees, it would be（1）_______to assume that a combination ofthe two would make things worse． Contrary to this assumption, （2）_______, as the recently﹣published research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can（3）_______help to make things better．One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping（剥） them of their bark （树皮）． Dr Wigley, who did indeed start from the obvious（4）_______, set off to findout how much worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping． To serve this purpose, he set up a study in the Kruger National Park． Since 1954, the Kruger has beenthe site of experiments in which plots of land have been burned（5）_______, to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology． In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively （6）_______fire． To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of the same tree species, the marula（马鲁拉树）, in all three zones． He picked marulas because they are particular（7）_______of elephant activity． Their fruit are delicious, and prized by elephants and people alike． But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark． In July 2016 he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to（8）_______from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter． Having imposedthis damage, they（9）_______the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what would happen． To their（10）_______, they discovered that the wounds oftrees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that had seen no fires atall． Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re﹣grew 98% of their lost（11）_______during the two years of the study． Those living in the biennial（两年一次的）burn zone re﹣grew 92% of it． But those in the zone where fires were（12）_______re﹣grew only 72%．The researchers also found something else whe n they were measuring the trees’ wounds: ants． Ten of the 20 trees in the fire﹣prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds． The ants in question were a species that is known to damage trees and is supposed to（13）_______tissue healing． By contrast, only five trees in the biennial burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants’ nests in their wounds． Itlooks, therefore, as if bush fires are treating trees’ wounds by killing ants that might（14）_______colonize and damage them． Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are actually （15）_______to sick ones．（1）A.difficultB.reasonableC.necessaryD.awful（2）A.howeverB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.somehow（3）A.uniquelyB.barelyC.actuallyD.merely（4）A.phenomenonB.evidenceC.imaginationD.assumption（5）A.equallyB.regularlyC.severelyD.purposely（6）A.burnt withB.protected fromC.covered byD.exposed to（7）A.participantsB.partnersC.victimsD.friends（8）A.markB.removeC.hitD.measure（9）A.regulatedB.checkedC.healedD.monitored（10）A.disappointmentB.surpriseC.joyD.relief（11）A.vitalityB.heightC.barkD.strength（12）A.controlledB.preventedC.startedD.boosted（13）A.disturbB.promoteC.impactD.quicken（14）A.thereforeB.neverthelessC.thenD.otherwise（15）A.beneficialB.unbelievableC.effectiveD.cruel【答案】BACDBBCBDBCBADA【考点】社会文化【解析】生态是一个复杂的东西．鉴于大象的破坏以及丛林大火经常会导致树木死亡的事实，我们有理由推论两者的结合会让事情变得更加糟糕．作者结合了最近的研究进行了分析．【解答】（1）B．形容词辨析．根据句意可知，我们有理由推论两者的结合会让事情变得更加糟糕．difficult困难的；reasonable合理的，公道的，有理由的；necessary必要的；awful可怕的．故选B．（2）A．连词辨析．此处意为“然而，本杰明•威格利的一项最新研究表明，如果一棵树木已经遭到毁坏，火其实可以帮助事情变得更好．”however然而，可是；therefore因此；furthermore此外；somehow以某种方法．故选A．（3）C．副词辨析．根据句意，如果一棵树木已经遭到毁坏，火其实可以帮助事情变得更好．uniquely 独特地；barely 仅仅，勉强；actually实际上，其实；merely 仅仅，只不过．故选C．（4）D．名词辨析．phenomenon现象；奇迹；evidence证据，证明；imagination想象力；assumption假设．此处意为：威格利博士确实是从一个明显的假设开始的．故选D．（5）B．副词辨析．根据句意，自1954年起，克鲁格一直都是实验的试点，在这些实验中，研究人员每隔一段时间就焚烧一小块土地．equally同样地；regularly定期地；severely严重地；purposely故意地．故选B．（6）B．词组辨析．此处意为“而第三个区域的植被则被积极地保护起来不受大火灼烧．”burnt with与…一起燃烧；protected from保护……免受；covered by被…覆盖；exposed to暴露于．故选B．（7）C．名词辨析．他选择马鲁拉树是因为它们是大象活动的特殊受害者．participants参与者；partners伙伴；victims受害者，牺牲者；friends朋友．故选C．（8）B．动词辨析．根据句意，2016年7月，他和他的同事在每个区域内确认了20棵马鲁拉树并用锤子和土壤去心器从每棵树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮．mark标志；remove移动，迁移；hit打击；measure测量．故选B．（9）D．动词辨析．此处意为：在造成这种破坏之后，他们在接下来的两年里对伤口进行了监测，看看会发生什么．regulated调节，规定；checked检查；核实；healed治愈，痊愈；monitored监控，监测．故选D．（10）B．名词辨析．根据句意可知，让他们惊讶的是，他们发现火灾区树木的伤口恢复得比那些没经历过火灾的树木要快．disappointment失望；surprise惊奇，诧异；joy欢乐，快乐；relief安慰；故选B．（11）C．名词辨析．根据句意可知，在两年的研究中，年度火灾区中的受伤树木98%的树皮都重新长了出来．vitality活力，生气；height高度；bark树皮；strength力量．故选C．（12）B．动词辨析．根据句意，那些两年一次火灾区中的树木的树皮重生了92%．但防火区的树木仅生长出了72%．controlled控制，约束；prevented阻止，避免；started 出发；boosted促进；增加；故选B．（13）A．动词辨析．此处意为：这些蚂蚁是一种已知的会损害树木的物种，据推测会损害组织愈合．disturb打扰；妨碍；promote促进；提升；impact对…产生影响；quicken加快．故选A．（14）D．连词辨析．根据句意可知，因此，似乎丛林大火是在通过杀死可能感染树木的蚂蚁来烧灼树木的伤口．therefore因此；nevertheless然而，不过；then然后；otherwise否则；另外；故选D．（15）A．形容词辨析．此处意为：但在这个负负得正的例子中，似乎它们实际上对生病的树木是有益的．beneficial有益的，有利的；unbelievable难以置信的；effective有效的，起作用的；cruel残酷的，残忍的；故选A．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye． Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitationin her gestures． She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested． And she________．The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter． The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds． If she had possessed a belt, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of dragging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers．The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf． After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something． The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled（潦草地写）on a crumpled piece of paper． The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar． Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality．Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it． Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment． Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas．As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old televisionshows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction． The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation．We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice． She smiled and told me it was one she’d enjoyed when she was her son’s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had． Maybe, she said with a hint of eagerness, he could enjoy it with his own young children． Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store．I accompanied the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman．When the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier …（1）What does “she had a job to do” （Para． 1）mean according to the context？________A. She had a regular job in the store．B. She wanted to ask for help．C. She wanted to buy a DVD. She was thinking of what to buy．．（2）What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant？________A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies．B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children．C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked．D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies．．（3）While looking for the DVD with the old woman， the shop assistant was________．A. hesitant B. casualC. cautiousD. considerate．（4）What is the main purpose of this passage？________A. To describe what a movie nut is likeB. To remind readers to spending more time accompanying familyC. To stress the importance of company and understanding．D. To explore the key aspects of current parental﹣child relationship．【答案】CADC【考点】社会文化类阅读议论文阅读【解析】本文介绍作者在商店做售货员的时候，遇到一个老太太和女儿一起买DVD，老人的女儿不耐烦，作者耐心地陪伴老人选择DVD，老人很开心．【解答】（1）C．句意理解题．根据文章第三段的句子 The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf．可知，指的是她想买一张DVD．故选C．（2）A．细节理解题．根据文章第三段的The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar． Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies， about quality．可知，据店员说，DVD的标题显示这位老太太对电影有些了解．故选A．（3）D．细节理解题．根据文章第四段的句子Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman， I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it．可知，在和老太太一起找DVD时，店员考虑周到．故选D．（4）C．主旨大意题，根据文章第五段的句子The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation．可知，本文的主要目的是强调陪伴与理解的重要性．故选C．As unpleasant emotions go, anxiety is the roughest．It’s a vague, pit﹣of﹣the﹣stomach fear that sneaks up to you ﹣﹣ that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to you right away, when the phone rings at 4: 00 a．m．, or when yourde ntist looks into your mouth and says “Hmm” for the third time．Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite． And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety﹣﹣﹣ adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating﹣﹣may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease．How to prevent anxiety then?Meditate．Maybe you’re just high﹣strung． If so, meditation（冥想） is worth a try． It cultivates a calmness that eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control． A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8﹣week meditation course were considerably less anxious afterward． People who are high﹣strung find that they are dramatically calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner．Jog, walk, swim, or cycle．If you can’t make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise． Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it’s something repetitive like running or swimming laps．Treatment?Remember to breathe．When you’re anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too shallowly． That makes you feel more anxious． Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect．To make sure that you’re breathing correctly, place your hand on your diaphragm（横膈膜）, just below your rib cage（胸腔）． Feel it rise with each inhalation （吸气） and fall with each exhalation．Let’s say you are anxious about your competence on the job．Ask yourself “What, in particular, am I afraid that I’ll mess up?” Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines．Or maybe you’re worried that you’re blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings． Are your worries founded? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions routinely rejected? If not, the anxiety is needless． If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class．（1）Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety？________A. Lower in concentration．B. No appetite．C. Heart racing．D. High blood pressure．．（2）According to the passage， what can be done to avoid anxiety？________A. Exercising regularly．B. Keeping breath steady．C. Breathing with the help of hands．D. Adjusting the pace of life．．（3）What is the last paragraph about？________A. Anxiety at work and its solutions．B. People’s anxiety about their capabilities．C. The reason for someone’s incompetence．D. The function of public speaking class．【答案】DAA【考点】说明文阅读科教类阅读【解析】本文是一篇健康环保类阅读，文章主要介绍了有关焦虑的缓解方法．【解答】（1） D．细节理解题．根据第二段" And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety﹣﹣adrenaline pumping， heart racing， palms sweating﹣﹣may contribute tohigh blood pressure and heart disease．而由焦虑产生的持续的准备状态﹣﹣肾上腺素激增、心跳加速、手心出汗﹣﹣可能会导致高血压和心脏病"．可知高血压不是由焦虑直接引起的．故选D．（2） A 细节理解题．根据" Jog，walk， swim， or cycle．If you can’t make time for meditation， be sure to make time for regular exercise． Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation，particularly if it’s something repetitive like running or swimming laps．慢跑、散步、游泳或骑自行车．如果你不能腾出时间冥想，一定要腾出时间经常锻炼．锻炼可以和冥想有同样的镇静效果，特别是如果它是重复性的，如跑步或游泳圈．"可知锻炼能够避免压力．故选A．（3） A 段落大意题．阅读最后一段“Let’s say you are anxious about your competence on the job．Ask yourself ”What， in particular，am I afraid that I’ll mess up？" Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines．Or maybe you’re worried that you’re blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings． Are your worries founded？Have you had several near misses with deadlines？ Are your suggestions routinely rejected？If not， the anxiety is needless． If there is a real problem， work on a solution： Pace yourself to better meet deadlines， or join a public speaking class．比如说，你对自己的工作能力感到焦虑．问问自己：“什么，特别是，我担心我会陷入困境？”也许你担心你会落后，错过你的最后期限．或者你担心你在会议上提出你的想法时，你会发疯．你的担心是否成立了？你有过吗？最后几次错过的最后期限是什么？你的建议经常被拒绝吗？如果没有，焦虑是不必要的．如果有一个真正的问题，就要找到一个解决办法：调整自己的进度以更好地完成最后期限，或者加入一个公开演讲课．"可知本段主要讲述了工作中的焦虑及其解决办法．故选A．Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern﹣day Sierra Leone．One researcher called the work “a mind﹣blower．”“In this particular context, and from that time period, I think it’s a first,” team member Hannes Schroeder told The Washington Post．“To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting． Also it is exciting for descendant（后裔）communities…Through this technology,they’re able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa．”The pipe stem was found at the Belvoir plantation in Crownsville, Maryland, where enslaved people lived until 1864 and where a likely slave cemetery was recentlyfound． DNA taken from the pipe linked back to a woman either directly from or descended from the Mende people, who lived in west Africa, in an area now part of Sierra．Julie Schablitsky, the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration, told The Post the discovery, based on saliva（唾液） absorbed into the clay pipe, was a “mind﹣blower”． She also said records show the existence of a slave trade route Sierra Leone to Annapolis, plied（定期往来） by British and American ships．“As soon as people stepped on those slave ships in Africa, ” she said,“whether they were from Benin or whether they were from Sierra Leone, wherever they were from, that identity waslost． Their humanity is stripped from． Who they are as a people has gone．”The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors． Speaking to The Post, Nancy Daniels, a genealogist from Laurel, Maryland, who thinks she is a descendant of enslaved families from Belvoir but was not linked to the research on the pipe, called the discovery “overwhelming．” “I’m sitting here about ready to cry,” she said．“I’m sorry．I’m so happy …Thank God for the DNA．”This year, events and ceremonies are being held to mark the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved people in America, at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619． Slavery was effectively abandoned in the US on 1 January 1863, with the issue by Abraham Lincoln of the Emancipation Proclamation． It formally ended in December 1865, after the civil war, with the approval of the 13th amendment（修正案）．（1）What does the phrase “a mind﹣blower” in paragraphs 1 and 4 refer to？________ A.A surprise B.A confusionC.An excitementD.A fascination．（2）According to Hannes Schroeder， the pipe stem was of great significancebecause________．A.it was the first direct evidence that slaves living in Maryland were originally from Africa．B.it helped the archaeologists to draw a portrait of the enslaved woman．C.it might contribute to identifying the birthplace of the descendant communities．D.it contained genic clues to the ancestral background of its owner．．（3）What can be inferred from the passage？________A.The owner of the pipe once lived in what is now an area in west Africa．B.The history of slavery in America is an ongoing topic of concern．C.African slaves lost their identities when they arrived at the Belvoir plantation．D.Nancy Daniels， a genealogist was sorry for not being involved in the research．．（4）Which of the following is the best title for the passage？________A.DNA from an old pipe throws lights on the origins of the enslavedB.A new research reveals the origins of enslaved African womanC.The descendants of enslaved people seek their identitiesD.DNA contributes to the breakthrough of a new research．【答案】CDBA【考点】说明文阅读科教类阅读【解析】本文章主要讲述了考古学家发现了一个时代非常久远的DNA样本，并利用它来对奴隶以及奴隶制进行研究．【解答】（1）C．词义猜测题．根据文章第一、四段，Archaeologists used DNA taken from abroken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern﹣day Sierra Leone． One researcher called the work “a mind﹣blower．”考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA，绘制了一张200年前死去的奴隶妇女的照片，她的出生地在现代的塞拉利昂．一位研究人员称这项工作为“一个鼓舞人心的人工作”； Julie Schablitsky， the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration， told The Post the discovery，based on saliva（唾液） absorbed into the clay pipe，was a “mind﹣blower”．马里兰州国家公路管理局的首席考古学家朱莉•沙布利茨基告诉邮报，这项基于被吸进泥管的唾液的发现是一个“让人亢奋的事”．可知，“a mind﹣blower”意为：兴奋、激动，结合选项，故选C．（2）D．细节理解题．根据文章第二段，To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting． Also it is exciting for descendant（后裔）communities…Throughthis technology，they’re able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa．能够从一个像管道干这样的物体上获得DNA是非常令人兴奋的．同时，对于后代群体来说也是令人兴奋的…通过这项技术，他们不仅能够与该地点建立联系，而且有可能回到非洲．可知，这个管道干之所以非常重要，是因为它包含了它主人的基因线索相关信息，可以帮助生物学家们进行研究．结合选项，故选D．（3）B．推理判断题．根据文章第五段，The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors．这项新的分析是围绕贝尔沃正在进行的研究的一部分，该研究让被奴役的人们的后代对他们祖先的生活有了新的了解．可知，人们一直非常热衷于研究美国奴隶制度，对和它相干的信息非常的感兴趣．结合选项，故选B．（4）A．主旨大意题．根据文章第一段，Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern﹣day Sierra Leone． One researcher called the work “a mind﹣blower．”考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA，绘制了一张200年前死去的奴隶妇女的照片，她的出生地在现代的塞拉利昂．一位研究人员称这项工作为“一个鼓舞人心的人工作”．可知，本文章主要讲述了考古学家发现了一个时代非常久远的DNA样本，并利用它来对奴隶以及奴隶制进行研究．结合选项，故选A．Section CDirections： After reading the passage below， choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.The price of a piece of historyA fresh lemon can be purchased for less than ＄1． But in 2008，Cowan’s Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for ＄2，350．What was so special about this lemon？（1）________ According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon， the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s deathTwo thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce， even from the estate of a founding father． This sale， however， just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years．（2）________Collecting a piece of history， or an object associated with a famous person， is not brand new． Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices， says Thomas Venning，director of Christie’s department of books and manuscripts in London． Prices are being driven up， he says， by collectors in the U．S． and， increasingly， in Asia． The Hawking wheelchair， for example， was purchased by a private museum in China．（3）________ For one thing， their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove． Photographs of the famous person with the object， as well as documentation （such as letters， diaries or recollections by acquaintances referring to the object） can also help．（4）________ To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting， one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period， similar size or style． Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter．Katie Horstman，head of Cowan’s American History department， says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction． Ms． Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at ＄3，000 to ＄4，000， she says，by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market．Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at ＄3，000 to ＄4，000， accordingto description on its website． Objects associated with Washington these days，Ms． Horstman says， can sell for anywhere from 1，000 up to tens of thousands of dollars．【答案】C,A,F,E【考点】说明文七选五【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了历史真正的价值．【解答】1．C．推理判断题．根据后文According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon，the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s death据一张用墨水写在装有柠檬的密封瓶上的手写便条，这种水果是华盛顿老园丁在第一任总统去世43年后于1842年5月采摘的，可知这种水果据说是乔治•华盛顿在弗农山种植的．故选C2．A．推理判断题．根据前文 This sale， however， just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years．这笔买卖，不过，与近年来其他历史收藏品的价格相比，只是被认为是便宜货．可知史蒂芬•霍金的轮椅去年11月在伦敦佳士得拍卖会上卖出296750英镑；故选A．3．F．推理判断题．根据后文For one thing， their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove．首先，它们的所有权历史既至关重要，有时也难以证明．可知因此，许多物体的独特价值证明了收藏的价值．故选F．4．E．推理判断题．根据后文To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting， one can look。
英语_2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷含答案
2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Once upon a time …Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers． At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure ﹣ a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard．（1）________（inspire）， the brothers began collecting their own stories，listening to the folktales people told them． Soon they produced their own treasure ﹣ a book of fairy tales that would charm millions in faraway lands for generations （2）________（come）．The brothers Grimm， Jacob and Wilhelm， named their story collection Children's and Household Tales and published it in Germany in 1812． The collection （3）________（translate） into more than 160 languages up to now． The stories and their characters continue to feature in virtually every media： theatre， opera， comic books， movies，paintings， rock music， advertising and fashion．Such fame would have shocked the modest Grimms． During their lifetimes the collection （4）________（sell） few copies in Germany． The early editions were not even aimed at children． They had no illustrations， and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales （5）________． Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm began their work at a time （6）________ Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon． The new rulers restricted local culture． As young scholars， the brothers Grimm began to work on thefairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany．（7）________ the brothers implied that they were just keeping records of tales， Wilhelm continued to polish and reshape the stories up to the final edition of 1857． In an effort to make them more acceptable to children and their parents， he stressed the moral of eachtale and emphasized gender roles． To this day， parents still read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories： keep your promises， don't talk to strangers， work hard， obey your parents．Yet （8）________ all Wilhelm's additions， the most important part of these stories was left untouched． The cruel treatment of children and the violent punishments handed out to the stories' bad guys are too much for some parents．So what accounts for their popularity？ Some have suggested that it is （9）________ the characters are always striving for happiness． But the truth probably lies in theirorigin． Grimms' tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without boundaries （界限）of age or culture． The brothers' skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror （10）________ moods or interests we bring to our reading ofthem． And so it was that the Grimms' fairy tales lived happily ever after．Section BDirections： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.2. A． distributedB． absolutelyC． infections D． consumeE． harborF． relianceG． potential H． specific I． originate J． respectively K． revealed Microplastic PollutionIn the past few years， scientists have found microplastics in our soil， tap water， bottled water， beer and even in the air we breathe． And there's growing concern about the （1）_______health risks they poseto humans．The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely （2）_______ across all 10 lakes and rivers sampled． More than 1，000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame， which was （3）_______ last year as the most polluted place tested worldwide． Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls of Dochart and Loch Lomondin Scotland， two or three pieces per litre were found．Microplastics are not a （4）_______ kind of plastic， but rather any type of small pieces of plastic that is less than 5 mm in length according to the U．S． National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration． They may （5）_______ from a variety of sources， including cosmetics， clothing， and industrial processes．Humans are known to （6）_______ the tiny plastic particles through food and water， butthe possible health effects on people and ecosystems have yet to be determined． One study，in Singapore， has found that microplastics can （7）_______ harmful microbes （微生物）．Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria on 275 pieces of microplastic collected from local beaches． They included insects that cause gastroenteritis （肠胃炎） and wound （8）_______ in humans．"Microplastics are being found （9）_______ everywhere but we do not know the harm they could be doing，" said Christian Dunn at Bangor University， Wales， who led the work． "It's no use looking back in 20 years' time and saying： 'If only we'd realized justhow bad it was．' We need to be monitoring our waters now and we need to think， as a country and a world， how we can be reducing our （10）_______on plastic．"III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.3. Since 2008, the average labour﹣force participation rate of 55﹣ to 64﹣year﹣olds in OECD （Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development） countries has risen by eight percentage points． A new OECD report, "Working Better with Age", points out thatthe employment of older workers is （1）_______, if prosperity is to be maintained． Thatcan be taken as a sign that our society is finally （2）_______the value of its older employees． Retirement gives you the chance to sleep late and avoid the morning rush hours． No longer do you have to sit through endless meetings or check email frequently． But work can keep the mind active and gives people a （3）_______ in life． The first month of retirement may seem pleasant, but （4）_______is sure to come． Grand plans to learn languages and travel the world can quickly lose their appeal．（5）_______, the company of colleagues provides a social network; spending all week at home can lead to loneliness．Working longer should be easier now that most jobs require （6）_______, rather than manual, labour． Of course, many people are working longer not because they enjoy what they do, but because they cannot afford to（7）_______． That is not just because governments have been pushing up the state retirement age．（8）_______, the average age at which people actually retire differs from the official age by several years． In part, that is because many people do not rely on the state pension as their only source of income and need work﹣related pensions to supplement it．However, companies are gradually （9）_______ pensions linked to final salaries with "defined contribution" schemes． Under the latter, workers end up with a pot of savings at retirement that needs to be（10）_______． The income from such pots has been reduced by very low interest rates． Women tend to have smaller retirement pots （thanks to their years spent raising children）, making their difficulties even more （11）_______． They need to keep working．Older workers may feel （12）_______, particularly when it comes to promotion． Two issues seem to hold （13）_______ back． The first is that older workers tend to （14）_______ higher salaries, because of the seniority system． The second is a （15）_______of skills; one in three 55﹣ to 65﹣year﹣olds in OECD countries either lack computer experience or cannot pass technology tests． Such problems can be resolved with proper training, but the over﹣55s should take it upon themselves to keep up with technological changes．（1）A shortsightedB vitalC adequateD unnecessary（2）A recognizingB assessingC questioningD transforming（3）A frameB choiceC lessonD purpose（4）A libertyB boredomC priorityD motivation（5）A HoweverB InsteadC ThereforeD Furthermore（6）A mentalB simpleC physicalD routine（7）A proceedB continueC persistD quit（8）A In conclusionB In other wordsC In practiceD In particular（9）A replacingB furnishingC increasingD combining（10）A registeredB reinvestedC refundedD removed（11）A personalB severeC emotionalD practical（12）A competitiveB dominantC distinguishedD disadvantaged（13）A employersB researchersC employeesD female workers（14）A commandB ensureC opposeD ignore（15）A rangeB disciplineC shortageD setSection BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.4. Agnes de Mille was a dancer and a choreographer （编舞）． Early in her career, de Mille had created the choreography for a ballet called Three Virgins and a Devil． She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it．A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo． Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame．Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success． In the coming years, Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2, 212 performances, both around the nation and abroad． In 1955, the film version won an Academy Award．But the success of Oklahoma! didn't bring her much happiness． She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations． She later said, "After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a work I thought was only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine． I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy． I talked to Martha．"Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the20th century．（Although not as well﹣known by the general public, Graham has been compared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright．）During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration． "Iconfessed that I had a burning desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be．"Graham responded by saying,"There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique． And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost． The world will not have it． It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions． It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open．"（1）What can be learned about de Mille's ballet named Rodeo？________A Itearned her a large fortune．B It made her rise to fame overnight．C It didn't enjoy much success．D It laid a solid foundation for her career．．（2）How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma!？________A Relieved．B Ashamed．C Confused．D Proud．．（3）Picasso and Frank Lloyd Wright were mentioned in the passage to suggest that Martha Graham________．A was outstanding in visual arts and architectureB enjoyed the same popularity as themC had been influenced greatly by themD was the most influential artist in her field．（4）Which of the following statements best represents Graham's words in this passage？________A Comparing with others prevents you from maintaining uniqueness．B You should always keep yourself open to the urges that motivate you．C Your action reveals the inner landscape， which is the soul of music．D Choosing to be positive is going to determine how you live your life．（1）Compared to traditional houses， container houses are________．A easier to maintainB less expensive to buildC more comfortable to livein D more fashionable in style．（2）What can be learned about Amsterdam's Keetwonen complex？________A It is the first container city in the world．B It's equipped with modern facilities．C It features a luxury and unique style．D It includes living space and car parks．．（3）Which of the following is the best title for the poster？________A Recycled material for Ideal HomeB Shipping Container HomeChallenges C Home in a Steel Box D Housing Options and Solutions．6. On August 29th, as Hurricane Dorian tracked towards America's east coast, Elon Musk, the boss of Tesla, an electric﹣car maker, announced that some of his customers in the storm's path would find that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery charge． Like many modern vehicles, Mr． Musk's products are best thought of as internet﹣connected computers on wheels． The cheaper models in Tesla's line﹣up have parts of their batteries disabled by the car's software in order to limit their range． At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers temporary access to the full power of their batteries．Mr． Musk's computerized cars are just one example of a much broader trend． As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to bake them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers, creating an "internet of things"．Such a world will bring many benefits． Consumers will get convenience, and products that can do things non﹣computerized versions cannot． Businesses will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain becomes concrete and analyzable．In the long term, though, the most obvious effects will be in how the world works． Ever more companies will become tech companies; the internet will become everywhere． As a result, a series of unresolved arguments will spill over from the virtual world into the realone．Start with ownership． As Mr Musk showed, the internet gives firms the ability to stay connected to their products even after they have been sold, transforming them into something closer to services than goods． That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership unclear． When Microsoft closed its ebook store in July, for instance, its customers lost the ability to read titles they had bought （the firm offered refunds）． That shifts the balance of power from the customer to the seller．Virtual business models will ________ in the physical world． Tech firms are generally happy to move fast and break things． But you cannot release the beta version （测试版） of a fridge． Apple, a smartphonemaker, provides updates for its phones for only five years or so after their release; users of Android smartphones are lucky to get two． But goods such as washing machines or industrial machinery can have lifespans of a decade ormore． Firms will need to work out how to support complicated computerised devices long after their original programmers have moved on．Data will be another flashpoint． For much of the internet the business model is to offer "free" services that are paid for with valuable user data, collected with consent （同意）that is half﹣informed at best． In the virtual world, arguments about what should be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem airy and theoretical． In the real one, they will feel more urgent．Predicting the consequences of any technology is hard ﹣ especially one as universal as computing． The emergence of the consumer internet, 25 years ago, was met with starry﹣eyed optimism． These days the internet's faults dominate the headlines． But the people have the advantage of having lived through the first internet revolution ﹣ which should give them some idea of what to expect．（1）From the passage we can tell that Tesla can________．A drive faster than usual in extreme weatherB adjust the range of its batterypower C charge the battery at the tap of a keyboard D operate when the battery is fully drained．（2）Which of the following is NOT an example of the "unresolved arguments" mentioned in the passage？________A Early adopters of certain apps find that they ceased to work after the firm lost interest．B The insurance company uses data from fitness trackers to adjust customers' premiums（保费）．C Computerized machinery can't predict its breakdowns or schedule preventive maintenance．D A high﹣tech fridge company restricts its customers from repairing their fridges themselves．．（3）The underlined word ________ probably means________ in this context．A boomB conflictC vanishD expand．（4）This passage is mainly about________．A how the world will change as computers spread into everyday objectsB the adoption of electric vehicles and the possible problems to expectC what should be done toprevent the breakdown of computerized devices D different views on the current application of Internet Technology．Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.7. A． Creativity is associated with many factors．B． Rather， they should work to expand， grow， and exercise it．C． Without creativity， we are indistinguishable from the masses．D． However， creativity can be acquired at any age．E． It's hard to work out where exactly creativity comes from．F． Everyone has the capacity to be creative．Essential CreativityIn a recent survey in America， 62% of people said that creativity was more important to success in the workplace than they had anticipated it would be when they were in school．（1）________ It is of course possible to scan people's brains and see which parts are firing when an idea is created， but rather more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannot be identified． Creativity is what comes to you when you least expect it． You cannot demand creativity from your mind， nor can you demand that you are creative in a particular way．One misconception about creativity is that it is reserved for a few special people． This is not true．（2）________ Another misconception is that creativity is all about the arts but this simply isn't true： creativity extends to maths and science in just the way it does to music and literature．Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough to make their ideas a reality are the ones who make the greatest changes in the world． Consequently， it is incredibly important that schools do not prevent creativity．（3）________ Students should be taught to ask questions and investigate when things do not make sense． They need to learn to view mistakes as opportunities for learning rather than something that was unsuccessful．It is worrying that many schools are less concerned now with nurturing creativity when this is the most important time in history for it． It used to be that people worked hard， went to university， and got a job． That was it． But now， everyone works hard， goes to university ﹣ and there aren't the jobs out there that guarantee a safe future．（4）________ We can use it to set ourselves apart， and channel it to face the challenges of the future．IV．Summary Writing8. Directions：Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area． During the last 100 years， scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity． Some studies show that one in eight plant speciesis threatened with extinction． It is estimated that 140，000 species of plants are lost each year．Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans． The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests． Most of this destruction is done to create pasture （牧场） for beef cattle． Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming， which supplies beef to the rest of the world． It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced， 200 square feet of rainforest are destroyed． The forests are also cut down to make wheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption．The introduction of exotic （外来的） species is another threat． The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife，which could potentially lead to the extinctions of local species． When exotic species are introduced to a place， they try to establish a self﹣sustaining population． While the local species， which haven't had a chance to evolve， often lack defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species．The disappearance of certain food animals can be disastrous not only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem． It is these small creatures which convert much of the energyin an ecosystem from unusable （i．e． microscopic plants， decaying matter， etc．） into usable forms， namely their bodies． Their absence makes most energy and nutrients trapped in forms unusable to other species． This makes the environment less suitable for healthy living， and less capable of producing resources that humans need．V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9. 我家门口的街道成天车水马龙．（crowd）________10. 中国女排成功卫冕世界冠军，给全国人民以极大的鼓舞．（succeed）________11. 本次"城市公共交通周"的活动旨在提高公众节能环保的意识．（aim）________12. 我实在想不通为什么大伙儿都觉得他这个人高不可攀，我印象中他挺和蔼可亲的．（strike）________VI. Guided Writing13. Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．假设你是陈芳．你的好友王敏是新华中学的学生，下个月将去英国的姐妹校交流访问．王敏想拍摄一个短片，向英国的同学和老师介绍自己的学校．她通过邮件向你征求意见．写一封回信，内容须包括：1、短片的主题以及与之匹配的主要内容；2、你选择这些内容的理由．2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷答案1. Inspired,to come,has been translated,wassold,themselves,when,Though/Although/While,despite,because,what/whatever2. G． potential,Adistributed,K． revealed,H． specific,I． originate,Dconsume,Eharbor,Cinf ections,Babsolutely,Freliance3. BADBDADCABBDAAC4. CCDB5. BBC6. BCBA7. E,F,B,C8. Biodiversity is declining fast．（生物多样化在快速减少） One major reason is that people cut down tropical rain forests to raise cattle for beef or to grow food．【高分句型一】（一个原因） Another reason is that some local species may extinct because they cannot compete with exotic species．【高分句型二】（另一个原因） The disappearance of certain species can do great harm to the ecosystem and environment．（对生态和环境有害）9. The street in front of my house is crowded with people and vehicles all day long/all the time．10. TheChinesewomen'svolleyballteamsucceededintaking/winningtheworldchampionshipag ain，whichwasagreatinspirationtoallChinesepeople11. The campaign of the urban public transport week aims to raise public awareness of saving energy and protecting the environment/energy conservation and environmentalprotection．12. I can't understand why people all think he is out of reach/inaccessible， because he strikes me as a very approachable and kind/amiable person．13. Dear Wangmin，I know that you will go to English to visit your brother school． You want to make a short film to introduce your school to your English classmates and teachers． I think you can tell them something about our activities at school after class．【高分句型一】We have one hour of activities from 4：20 to 5：20 in the afternoon． Some students read books in the reading ﹣ room； some have sports on the playground； some sing songs in the theatre hall． Some learn to operate computers in the lab and others take part in their group work about different subjects． The majority are most interested in sports and computers．（短片的主题以及与之匹配的主要内容）I believe they will be interested in what you show them， and want to visit our school．【高分句型二】We are also looking forward to more visits．（你选择这些内容的理由）Yours，Chen Fang。
2020年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市闵行区高考英语一模试卷II.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections： After trading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word： for the other blanks， use one word that best Jits each blank.1. Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself， quietly reading her e﹣book as she waits for her salad． What is she reading？ None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” tim e． And （1）________more Americans，she’s not alone．A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America． More than half （53%）have breakfast alone and nearly half （46%） have lunch by themselves． Only at dinnertime （2）________we eating together， 74%， according to statistics from the report．“I prefer to go out and be out． Alone， but together， you know？” Bechtel said，（3）________（look） up from her book． Bechtel， who works in downtown West Palm Beach， has lunch with coworkers sometimes， but like many of us， too often （4）________（work） through lunch at her desk． A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on （5）________shoulder． She returns to work feeling energized．“Today， I just wanted some time to myself，” she said．Just two seats over， Andrew Mazoleny， a local videographer， is finishing his lunch at the bar． He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first﹣name basis （6）________he wants to have a little interaction． "I reflect on （7）________my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week，" he said．"It’s a chance for self﹣reflection． You return to work （8）________（refresh）and with a plan．’’That freedom （9）________（choose） is one reason more people like to eatalone． There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one， but those days are over． Now， we have our smartphones to keep us company atthe table．“It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt，（10）________company provided the statistics for the report．【答案】like,are,looking,works,the,if/when,how,refreshed,to choose,whose【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了目前社会独自吃饭的趋势发展明显，很多人想多点儿自己的时间．【解答】1. 1ike，考查介词，表示“像更多的美国人一样，她并不孤单．”，所以用介词like．2． are，考查主谓一致，主语为we，所以用are eating作谓语，故填are，本句为倒装句．3. 1ooking，考查现在分词，句子主语和look之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词做状语．故填looking．4． works，考查主谓一致，主语为who，指代先行词Bechtel，和前面的works用but连接两个谓语．故填works．5． the，考查固定搭配，tap sb on the shoulder敲某人的肩膀，故填the．6． if/when，考查连词，根据句意“他喜欢安静地坐着看电话，如果（当）他想和一个叫他名字的酒保聊聊天的话，他说：”我想一想我的一天过去了，想一想这周剩下的时间．“”，可知用if或when引导时间状语从句．7． how，考查宾语从句，在宾语从句中作方式状语，所以用how引导．8． refreshed，考查形容词，修饰主语，所以用形容词“精神振奋的”，故填refreshed．9． to choose，考查不定式，freedom后跟不定式作后置定语，故填to choose．10． whose，考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为人Laurie Demeritt，在非限制性定语从句中作定语，所以用whose引导．Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Time： is there ever enough of it？In today’s modern world， most of us are （1）_______ with so﹣called time﹣saving devices and technological advancements and work less both at the office and at home． But why do we still feel busier？A study by Derek Thompson on the “myth” of being busy suggests that while （2）_______ brought us convenience， it also brought us new headaches． Consider the idea of FOMO （fear of missing out）． Knowing exactly what we’re missing out makes us feel guilty or anxious about the （3）_______ of our time and our ability to use it effectively．While being informed is important， it can lead to anxiety about keeping up with the times． If you find yourself unable to stop scrolling through Twitter， turn off the phoneand take a mental break． Practice JOMO （joy of missing out）， a（n）（4）_______ on life that’s a direct contradiction to FOMO．Get rid of feelings of guilt and “shoulds” and replace them with mindfulness and living in the moment．Another thing technology has （5）_______ us is the blurring （难以区分）between work and downtime． While constant connection has made the workday much more flexible，it’s also harder to turn off at the end of the day．Always being “on” is a（n）（6）_______ state of mind． Consider putting a hard stop on media and electronic devices an hour or two before bed．Of course， if you want to move up the corporate ladder and get a bigger paycheck，working long hours has long been a （7）_______ strategy．But if you don’t have passion for your job or care about what you do， you might just be working yourself into more （8）_______．People working the same hours feel completely different levels of time pressure dependingon their passion． If most of the hours are spent doing something you don’t feel （9）_______ about，it’s no wonder you start to feel out of control and anxious about your time． Taking back control of your time can ease this mental stress． Therefore， your time management goal shouldn’t be to figure out how to do more， but （10）_______ to figure out how to want less．【答案】J,A,E,H,G,K,I,B,F,C【考点】选词填空【解析】本文讲述现代社会中人的时间不够用，大家都有时间问题，因此，你的时间管理目标不应该是找出如何做得更多，而应该是找出如何减少需求．【解答】（1） J ，考查句意，根据句意“在当今的现代世界里，我们大多数人都有幸拥有所谓的省时装置和技术进步，在办公室和家里都少工作”，可知要填的词为“blessed ”，be blessed with幸运地享有．（2） A ，考查句意，根据句意“德里克•汤普森关于忙碌的”神话“的研究表明，虽然现代性给我们带来了便利，但也给我们带来了新的头痛”，可知要填的词为“modernity现代性”．（3） E，考查句意，根据句意“确切地知道我们错过了什么让我们感到内疚或焦虑我们的时间限制和我们的能力，有效地使用它．”，可知要填的词为“limits 限制”．（4） H ，考查句意，根据句意" Practice JOMO（错过的快乐），一种与FOMO 直接矛盾的人生观“，可知要填的词为” outlook 人生观"．（5） G ，考查句意，根据句意“技术赋予我们的另一件事是工作和停工之间的模糊”，可知要填的词为“gifted 白送”．（6） K，考查句意，根据句意“总是”工作“是一种令人筋疲力尽的精神状态”，可知要填的词为" exhausting令人筋疲力尽的"．（7） I ，考查句意，根据句意“当然，如果你想提升公司的地位，获得更高的薪水，长时间工作一直是一种受人青睐的策略”，可知要填的词为“favored 受宠的”．（8） B ，考查句意，根据句意“但是如果你对工作没有激情，也不关心自己做什么，你可能只是在让自己陷入更多的痛苦中”，可知要填的词为“misery痛苦”．（9） F ，考查句意，根据句意“如果大部分时间花在做一些你不感兴趣的事情上，难怪你开始感到失控和焦虑，控制你的时间可以缓解这种精神压力”，可知要填的词为" passionate热情的．（10）C，考查句意，根据句意“因此，你的时间管理目标不应该是找出如何做得更多，而应该是找出如何减少需求”，可知要填的词为“instead而”．III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are Jour words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in eachblank with the word or phrase that best Jits the context.The expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the co ncept of peer pressure． It is a social influence applied on an individual in order to get that person to actor believe in a（n）（1）_______ way as a larger group． This influence can be negativeor positive, and can exist in both large and small groups．People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly （2）_______ that some part of their self﹣respect comes from the approval of others． This instinct explains why the approval of peers, and the fear of （3）_______, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives． This instinct drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer a simple “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true． There is a（n）（4）_______aspect to this: it helps society to functionefficiently, and encourages a general level of self﹣discipline that （5）_______day﹣to﹣day interaction between people．For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes a（n）（6）_______: in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to （7）_______ their sense of right and wrong． Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that （8）_______criminal behavior． Mature adults may sometimes feel （9）_______ to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debtbecause they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to （10）_______ the peers．However, peer pressure is not always negative． A student whose friends are good at （11）_______ may be urged to work harder and get good grades． Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win． This type of （12）_______ can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one．Although peer pressure is sometimes quite obvious, it can also be so （13）_______ that a person may not even notice that it is affecting his or her behavior． For this reason, when making important decisions, simply going with a（n）（14）_______ isrisky． Instead, people should seriously consider why they feel drawn to taking a particular action, and whether the real （15）_______ is simply that everyone else is doing the same thing．（1）A.traditionalB.similarC.peculiarD.opposite（2）A.understandableB.believableC.acceptableD.surprising（3）A.disapprovalB.failureC.absenceD.independence（4）A.uncertainB.practicalC.impossibleD.vague（5）A.promotesB.preventsC.simplifiesD.increases（6）A.challengeB.inspirationC.promiseD.addiction（7）A.recognizeB.abandonC.decreaseD.define（8）A.avoidB.encourageC.declineD.punish（9）A.pressuredB.respectedC.delightedD.regretted（10）A.catch sight ofB.stay away fromC.make fun ofD.keep up with（11）petitionsB.interactionC.academicsD.adaptation（12）A.knowledgeB.interestC.assistanceD.influence（13）A.abstractB.ridiculousC.subtleD.reasonable（14）A.consciousnessB.motivationC.instinctD.encouragement（15）A.motivationB.dangerC.supportD.achievement【答案】BDABCDBBADCDCCA【考点】社会文化【解析】本文主要讲述了“同伴压力”（peer pressure），人作为社会人，总要受到他人的评价和认同，他人的评价和认同对人的行为造成很大的影响．这也可以解释﹣﹣为什么有些人在家里的表现和在外面的表现不一样？在家里可以穿拖鞋很随意，在外面却要西装革履待人接物均符合社会准则．【解答】（1） B．考查形容词．traditional 传统的；similar 相似的；peculiar 怪异的；奇怪的；不寻常的；opposite 相反的，相对的，此处表示“它是对个人施加的一种社会影响，目的是使个人以类似于更大群体的方式行动或信仰”，因此选B．（2） D．考查形容词．understandable 可以理解的；believable 可以相信的；acceptable 可以接受的；surprising 令人惊讶的，此处表示“人天生就是社会性的生物，所以他们的自尊有一部分来自别人的认可也就不足为奇了”，因此选D．（3） A．考查名词．disapproval 不同意；failure 失败；absence 缺席；independence 独立，此处表示“这种本能解释了为什么同龄人的赞同和对不赞同的恐惧在许多人的生活中是如此强大的力量”，因此选A．（4） B．考查形容词．uncertain 不确定的；practical 实际的；impossible 不可能的；vague 模糊的，此处表示“这有一个实际的方面：它有助于社会有效运转，并鼓励人们普遍自律，简化人们之间的日常互动．”，因此选B．（5） C．考查动词．promote 提升；prevent 阻止，防止；simplify 简化；increase 增加，此处表示“这有一个实际的方面：它有助于社会有效运转，并鼓励人们普遍自律，简化人们之间的日常互动．”，因此选C．（6） D．考查名词．challenge 挑战；inspiration 灵感；promise 诺言；addition 加；加法；增加；添加，此处表示“对某些人来说，寻求社会认可是如此重要，以至于它成为了一种附加”，因此选D．（7） B．考查动词．recognize 辨认，承认；abandon 抛弃，遗弃；decrease 减少；define 下定义，此处表示“对某些人来说，寻求社会的接纳是如此重要，以至于它变成了一种补充：为了满足这种欲望，他们可能会放弃自己的是非观”，由此可知答案选B．（8） B．考查动词．avoid 避免；encourage 鼓励；decline 下降；punish 惩罚，此处表示“青少年和年轻人可能感到被迫使用毒品，或加入帮派，鼓励犯罪行为．”，因此选B．（9）A．考查形容词．pressured 有压力的；respected 受人尊敬的；delighted 高兴的；regretted 后悔的，此处表示“成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，不得不掩盖自己工作所在公司的非法活动，或者因为无力抑制购买自己无力负担的房屋或汽车的欲望而负债累累，以努力跟上同龄人的步伐．”，由此可知答案选A．（10） D．考查动词短语．catch sight of 看见；stay away from 远离；make fun of 取笑；keep up with 跟上，赶上，此处表示“成熟的成年人有时可能会感到压力，不得不掩盖自己工作所在公司的非法活动，或者因为无力抑制购买自己无力负担的房屋或汽车的欲望而负债累累，以努力跟上同龄人的步伐．”，由此可知答案选D．（11） C．考查名词．competition 比赛；interaction 相互作用；academic 学术；adaptation 适应，此处表示“如果一个学生的朋友在学习上很好，他可能会被要求更加努力地学习并取得好成绩．运动队的队员可能会感到有动力更加努力地比赛以帮助球队获胜”，因此选C．（12） D．考查名词．knowledge 知识；interest 兴趣；assistance 协助，援助；influence 影响，此处表示“这种影响也可以让朋友戒毒，或者帮助成年人养成好习惯或者戒掉坏习惯．”，因此选D．（13） C．考查形容词．abstract 抽象的；ridiculous 荒唐的；subtle 微妙的；reasonable 有道理的，此处表示“虽然同龄人的压力有时是相当明显的，但它也可能是如此微妙，以至于一个人甚至可能没有注意到它正在影响他或她的行为．”，由此可知答案选C．（14） C．考查名词．consciousness 意识；motivation 动机；instinct 本能，天性，直觉；encouragement 鼓励，此处表示“因此，在做重要决定时，凭直觉行事是有风险的．”，因此选C．（15） A．考查名词．motivation 动机；danger 危险；support 支持；achievement 成就，功绩，此处表示“相反，人们应该认真考虑为什么他们会对采取某个特定的行动感兴趣，真正的动机是否仅仅是其他人都在做同样的事情”，因此选A．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read."You can use me as a last resort （选择）．and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse （长曲棍球）club．I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport． She may just need a little persuading． So I try again and ________． I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on…At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright． Yes, I’ll do it．”I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many． The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end ﹣ of ﹣ season gifts． Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team． The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season． Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal．Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close． That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community as you freely give yourtime, money, skills, or services provides a real joy． Volunteering just feels so good．In that sense．I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit． However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?（1）What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1？________A. She knows little about the club．B. She isn’t good at sports．C. She just doesn’t want to volunteer．D. She’s unable to meet her schedule．．（2）What does the underlined phrase" ________" in paragraph 2 mean？________A. Encourage team work．B. Appeal to feelings．C. Promote good deeds．D. Provide advice．．（3）What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3？________A. She gets interested in lacrosse．B. She is proud of her kids．C. She’ll work for another season．D. She becomes a good helper．．（4）Why does the writer like doing volunteer work？________A. It gives her a sense of duty．B. It makes her very happy．C. It enables her to work hard．D. It brings her material rewards．【答案】CBDB【考点】人生感悟类阅读说明文阅读【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了一位母亲因为一次志愿者活动而爱上了做志愿者帮助别人．【解答】（1）C．细节理解题．根据文章第一段You can use me as a last resort（选择）， and if nobody else volunteers， then I will do it可知从她在第1段的回答中我们可以推断出她只是不想做志愿者；故选C．（2）B．细节理解题．根据文章第二段So I try again and tug at the heartstrings． I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coachinga team that his kids aren’t even on…所以我再试一次感情用事了．我提到有四个孩子的单亲家长在主持这个节目，我还谈到爸爸在指导一个团队，他的孩子甚至不在…上．可知意为感情用事；故选B．（3）D．细节理解题．根据文章第三段The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule，sends out emails，and collects money for end﹣of﹣season gifts可知我们能从第3段中了解到她成为一个好帮手；故选D．（4）B．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit． However， if others benefit in the process可知作者喜欢做志愿者工作它使她非常快乐；故选B（You may read the questions first．）（1）What is the theme of this year’s competition？________A.Technology advances science．B.Science interacts with technology．C. Science has made the study of history easy．D. Technology has improved the life of Americans．．（2）What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1，500 words to meet the category requirement？________A. Include more information in the essay．B. Remove the references．C. Provide a cover for the essay．D. Explain the details with illustrations．．（3）What will the committee of teachers do on February 19？________A. Preview performances and documentaries．B. Make comments on the materials．C. Improve the participant’s first draft．D. Collect a second proposal from the participant．【答案】DAB【考点】广告布告类阅读应用文阅读【解析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，介绍了一次理解历史大赛，大赛的主题，参赛形式，参赛要求以及一些重要的时间点等等．【解答】（1）D．推理判断题．根据This Year’s Theme部分第一句All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history（参加者必须撰写在整个历史中通信或者交通技术是怎样提高美国人的生活质量的．）可知，今年的竞赛主题是技术促进了美国人生活的提高，故选D．（2）A．推理判断题．根据Essay Writing部分中的第一句An academic paper of 2，000 to 2，500 words． No illustrations （图解） are allowed． Please do not include covers． A list of references must be included（论文要求2000至2500字，不允许有图解，不包括封面，必须有参考书目部分）可知，题干中的1500字的论文不符合2000字以上的写作要求，再结合“不允许有图解，不包括封面，必须有参考书目部分”等要求，所以必须补充更多的信息．故选A．（3）B．推理判断题．根据文章Important Dates中的第三行February 19 A committeeof teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions（二月十九日，教师委员会要评价学生的论文并且给出意见）可知，二月十九日，教师委员会要为学生的论文材料做出评价．故选B．When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals． They suddenly became extinct． Smaller species survived． Thelarge, slow﹣growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted toextinction． Now something similar could be happening in the oceans．That the seas are being overfished has been known for years． What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing． They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world． Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass （the amount of living biological matter） of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass overtime． According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators （animals that kill and eat other animals） in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation． In some long﹣fished areas, it has halved again since then．Dr． Worm acknowledges that ________． One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved．Today’s vessels （船）can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago． That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes． In the early days, too, longlines （多钩长线）would have been more filled with fish． Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks （带饵钩）would have been available to trap them, leadingto an underestimate of fish stocks in the past． Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked． That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now．Dr． Myers and Dr． Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account． They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”． The idea is that people havefailed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past． That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield （产量）that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels． Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business．（1）The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________．rge animals were easily hurt in the changing environmentB.small species survived as large animals disappearedC. large sea animals may face the same threat todayD. slow﹣growing fish outlive fast﹣growing ones．（2）By saying ________， Dr． Worm means that________．A. fishing technology has improved rapidlyB. the catch﹣sizes are actually smaller than recordedC. the marine biomass has suffered a greater lossD. the data collected so far are out of date．（3）Dr． Myers and other researchers hold that________．A.people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer timeB.fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomassC. the ocean biomass should restore its original levelD. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation．（4）The writer seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________．A. biomass levelB. management efficiencyC. catch﹣size limitsD. technological application．【答案】CCDA【考点】科教类阅读说明文阅读【解析】文章讲述了研究人员现在指出海洋中由于过度捕捞，鱼类正在减少，说明了鱼类正在减少原因及呼吁改变捕鱼的底线来改变现在的状况．【解答】（1）C．推断题．从文章第一自然段和第二自然段的描写中，我们可知大型史前动物的灭绝的目的是为了表明如今海洋中的大型生物可能也同样遭受着威胁，故选C（2）C．细节题．从文One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved．Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar，可知，这些数字之所以是保守估计，是因为现代科学技术的进步，给捕鱼带来带来了方便，海洋生物已经遭受了更大的破坏，故选C（3）D．推断题．从文章Dr． Myers and Dr． Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline， which future management efforts must take into account．及最后可知，现在绝大多数的渔场的鱼的数量只是以前的一半，甚至更少，所以人们应该调整捕鱼的基线来改变现在状态，故选D（4）A．推断题．文章整个文段都在围绕“海洋生物总量”这个话题展开的，文中多次出现了“biomass”这个词，故选ASection CDirections： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A． This can affect your work．B． So how should you motivate yourself？C． However， this should not discourage you．D． So why should we try to set specific goals？E． Without motivation， you can neither set a goal nor reach it．F． Motivation is what you need most to do a good job．Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question：“Sho uld I jump？” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do． Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin．（1）_______ Like the child on the diving board，you will stay undecided．（2）_______ More than that， how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？ First，you need to evaluate yourself， your values， your strengths， your weaknesses， your achievements， your desires， etc． Only then should you set your goals．You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation． This is quite important，because it is directly related to your commitment． There are times when your heart is notin your work．（3）_______ So， slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment． Clarity of thoughts can help you move forward．Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs， values and strengths． Remember that goals are flexible． They can change according to circumstances． They also need to be measurable． You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals．Your personal circumstances are equally important． For example， you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough．（4）_______ You should reassess your goals， and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal．You will surely need to overcome some difficulties， some planned， but most unplanned． You cannot overcome them without ample motivation． Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals．【答案】E,B,A,C【考点】说明文七选五【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面，一定要好好把握．【解答】（1）E．推理判断题．根据后文 Like the child on the diving board， you will stay undecided就像跳板上的孩子一样，你会犹豫不决．可知没有动力，你既不能设定目标，也不能达到目标；故选E．（2）B．推理判断题．根据后文More than that， how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal？更重要的是，你应该如何保持动力来实现这个目标呢？可知那么，你应该如何激励自己呢；故选B．（3）A．推理判断题．根据前文This is quite important， because it is directly related to your commitment． There are times when your heart is not in your work这是非常重要的，因为它与你的承诺直接相关．有时你的心不在你的工作中．可知这会影响你的工作；故选A．（4）C．推理判断题．根据后文You should reassess your goals， and motivate yourselfto set a fresh goal你应该重新评估你的目标，并激励自己设定一个新的目标．可知然而，这不应使你气馁；故选C．IV. Summary WritingDirections： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Parents everywhere praise their kids． Jenn Berman， author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids、says，“We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict．” By giving kids a lot of praise． Parents think they’re building their children’s confidence， when， in fact， it may be just the opposite． Too much praise can backfire and，when given in a way that’s insincere， make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top wheretheir parents’ praise has put them．Still，don’t go too far in the other direction． Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much． Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and， as a result， may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments．So what is the right amount of praise？ Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity． If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome，you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward．“We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，” says Donahue， author of Parenting Without Fear： Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters．“One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters．”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team．But if he’s out there e very day and playing hard， you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses． Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard， cook dinner， or finish a book report． But whatever it is， praise should be proportionate （相称的）to the amount of effort your child has put into it．【答案】Currently， contrary to what people did in the past， many parents think highly of their kids to often．（高分句型一）（要点一：目前，与过去的做法相反，许多父母过于高度评价自己的孩子） It is not proper to praise children too much．but they can’t do the opposite．（要点二：表扬过分不合适，但是也不能不表扬）It is said that what matters is not the the quantity but the quality of praise．（高分句型二）（要点三：重要的不是数量，而是质量）Parents should praise their children in promotion to how much effort they make．（要点四：父母表扬孩子要依据他们的努力结果）【考点】概要写作【解析】高分句型一：Currently，contrary to what people did in the past， many parents think highly of their kids too often．译文：目前，与过去的做法相反，许多父母过于高度评价自己的孩子．分析：what引导宾语从句．高分句型二：It is said that what matters is not the the quantity but the quality of praise．译文：据说重要的不是数量，而是质量．分析：使用It is said that 据说，what引导主语从句．【解答】Currently， contrary to what people did in the past， many parents think highly of their kids to often．（高分句型一）（要点一：目前，与过去的做法相反，许多父母过于高度评价自己的孩子） It is not proper to praise children too much．but they can’t do the opposite．（要点二：表扬过分不合适，但是也不能不表扬）It is said that what matters is not the the quantity but the quality of praise．（高分句型二）（要点三：重要的不是数量，而是质量）Parents should praise their children in promotion to how much effort they make．（要点四：父母表扬孩子要依据他们的努力结果）V. TranslationDirections： Translate the fallowing sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.他每次进城都给女儿带礼物．（without）________【答案】He doesn’t go to town without buying her daughter a gift．【考点】汉译英【解析】他每次进城都给女儿带礼物．【解答】答案：He doesn’t go to town without buying her daughter a gift．考查汉译英．1．因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；2． go to town进城．你能否得到这工作应该与你的年龄无关．（difference）________【答案】Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not．【考点】汉译英【解析】你能否得到这工作应该与你的年龄无关．【解答】答案：Your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not．考查汉译英．1．因表示的是一般事实，主从句都用一般现在时；2． make any difference 任何关系（任何影响）；whether or not无论是…或…；是否．老师让我代表学校致辞，欢迎在座的贵宾们．（arrange）________【答案】The teacher arranged for me to deliver a speech on behalf of our school（in order） to welcome the distinguished guests present．【考点】汉译英【解析】老师让我代表学校致辞，欢迎在座的贵宾们．【解答】答案：The teacher arranged for me to deliver a speech on behalf of our school（in order）to welcome the distinguished guests present．考查汉译英．1．因事情已发生，要用一。
2020年上海市静安区高考一模英语试题(解析版)
考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你被雪崩抛来抛去，发现自己被埋在许多英尺厚的雪下，你可能无法真正知道哪条路是向上的，哪条路是向下的。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，yourself与burry之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词做宾语补足语，故填buried。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意：一些雪崩受害者试图挖出他们 出路，却发现他们是颠倒的，在雪下挖得更深，而不是在顶部。dig oneself +介词（短语）表示“挖洞使自己……”，根据“they”可知此处指“他们自己”，故填themselves。
How Do Avalanches Happen
If you’re ever skiing in the mountains, you’ll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche___1___(vary) based on many things, but it can be such a huge amount that it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow.
Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly - founded People’s Republic of China with___12___physics knowledge. He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min.
2020上海长宁、金山区高考英语一模.doc
Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Grateful PatientI took a job as a receptionist for a vet（兽医）almost five decades ago. As an enthusiastic animal lover, I accepted the position on the condition (21) _______ U wouldn’t have to assist with any wounded animals. I didn’t have the courage (22) _______ (watch) any creature in pain.At the end of my first week, we were closing the office for the day (23) _______ a young man ran up to us holding a severely injured Doberman puppy（杜宾幼犬）in his arms and begging us to save his life. The four-month-old puppy had been hit by a car.The doctor and I ran back into the operating room. The only place (24) _______ the skin was still attached to his poor little body was around one shoulder. The vet worked tirelessly for what seemed like hours, (25) _______ (sew) him back together again. That was the easy part. The puppy had broken multiple bones, including his back.(26) _______ _______ he survived the next few days, we were quite sure he would never walk again.The day forever changed my life. I became the vet’s assistant in all things medical. One of my first jobs was to give that Doberman puppy daily physical therapy. Weeks went by until one day he finally recovered.Fast - forward about a year. I walked into the clinic’s (27) _______ (crowed) waiting room and called the name of the next client. Suddenly, a huge Doberman ran toward me. I found (28) _______ pinned against the wall with this magnificent dog standing on his back legs, his front paws（爪子）on my shoulders, washing my face with plentiful and joyful kisses!I still tear up in amazement (29) _______ the display of love and gratitude the dog had for me that day all those years ago. I went on to be a vet technician for 14 years, and since retirement, I have volunteered at a no-kill animal shelter. In all the time that has passed and all the experiences I have had, I’ve never met a dog who didn’t know that it (30) _______ (rescue) in one way or another.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Marketing the MoonAn astronaut, a little hop and a witty quote: Neil Armstrong’s first lunar（月球的）footstep is deep-rooted in the minds of all humankind. But that first moon landing might not have been such a(n) __31__ moment if it weren’t for NASA’s clever PR (Public Relations) team.Richard Jurek is a marketing __32__ and co-author of the book marketing the Moon: The Selling of the Apollo Lunar Program. He says NASA’s move to real-time, open communication made the 1969 Apollo 11 landing “the first positive viral event that __33__ the world’s attention.”Before NASA was established in 1958, rockets were the military’s territory; that secretiveness carried over into the space agency’s early days. At first, NASA followed a “fire in the tail” rule, only ___34___ a rocket’s launch when it was successfully in the air. But as the agency evolved, it started announcing more details about the Apollo program. It ___35___its astronauts, talked openly about mission goals and challenges, and shared launch times so people could watch. “If it had been run like it was under the military,” Jurek says, “we would not have had that sense of drama, that sense of involvement, that sense of wonder, that ___36___.” Instead, all the PR and press promotion in the years ahead of Apollo 11 brought the human spaceflight program into people’s living rooms and imaginations.As the drama neared its peak, NASA’s PR officials pushed for live TV broadcasts of the first humans to walk on the moon. Not everyone thought it was a good idea. The technology for live lunar broadcasts, and cameras small enough to keep the cargo ___37___, didn’t exist at the point. Some engineers worried that developing that equipment would ___38___ from efforts to achieve the landing itself. But NASA’s communications team argued that telling the story was as vital as the ___39___ itself. Live TV would bring the American people -- and international viewers -- along for the ride.Come landing day, which ___40___ fell on a Sunday, more than half a billion people worldwide crowded around TVs and radios for the historic moment. “We were able to come together and do something that was exciting and interesting and brought the world together,” says David Meerman Scott, marketing strategist and co-author of Marketing the Moon. “I don’t know that we’ve done anything like that since.”Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ancient creatures likely evolved the stress response to better escape from hunters. But today its causes include traffic, deadlines and first dates. According to a 2018 American Psychological Association survey of more than 3,000 people, the top ___41___ are work, money, the economy and health.Although everyone faces stress, people react to it ___42___. “There’s the situation, how we ___43___ the situation, and then our skills at handling the situation,” says psychologist William Lovallo of the University of Oklahoma. ____44____ experiences help us assess appropriate responses, so most people improve with age. “A high school student or a college student might not have those ___45___ skills and might let a situation get out of hand,” he adds.Most ___46___have normal stress responses, regulated to give the right burst of hormones（激素）and bodily changes for a particular stressor. But others always over-or under-react, which may be a warning sign for physical or mental ___47___. To study this, scientists often monitor cortisol（皮质醇）or heart rate variations throughout the day and during trying tasks.____48___, the intensity of these responses seems to be set from a young age. Studies have shown that people who experienced childhood hardships -- including physical punishment and a(n) ___49___ home -- are more likely to have quiet stress reactions as adults. For example, as part of a study published in 2012, Lovallo exposed 354 participants to moderate stress. People who self-reported early-life ___50___ actually had lower heart rates and cortisol levels than other participants. While the study tasks were not important, the individuals’ under-reactions suggest their stress response may also have trouble ___51___ when it really matters. It can be just as ___52___ as an extreme response. Other research has found links between childhood conflict, abnormally low adult stress and substance misuse. Though the biology is not fully understood, it’s suggested that early - life neglect or suffering ___53___ the body’s stress pathways.Even before birth, a child can ___54___ parental stress. The phenomenon is well - demonstrated in rats and mice, and some papers have shown the same association ___55___. For example, babies born to mothers who survived the 9/11 attacks all had how cortisol levels.41. A. stressors B. responses C. secretes D. concerns42. A. appropriately B. differently C. normally D. mentally43. A. improve B. influence C. describe D. evaluate44. A. Valuable B. Professional C. Previous D. Constant45. A. coping B. living C. learning D. acting46. A. adults B. researchers C. students D. monitors47. A. functions B. disorders C. variations D. abilities48. A. By the way B. In some cases C. On the contrary D. As a result49. A. independent B. distinguished C. unstable D. extended50. A. education B. experience C. involvement D. difficulty51. A. racing up B. showing up C. taking up D. keeping up52. A. impressive B. insignificant C. positive D. unhealthy53. A. smooths B. follows C. dulls D. destroys54. A. endure B. relieve C. increase D. inherit55. A. between animals B. in humans C. with society D. of importanceSection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I live in a second - floor flat with an ancient tree right on the corner of the house. House and tree have been here, side by side, for well over a century. No one really knows how old the tree is, but it was already there when builders started on the house at the beginning of the 1900s.It was still rather young and flexible back then, so it easily welcomed the new structure into its path. it bent and adjusted itself to make room, and to find the space to grow big and strong and wise. Which means that some hundred years later, the solid, strong branches of the tree reach around two full sides of my home. It’s covered in mass（苔藓）, which is, in turn, crawling with all sorts of inseets. I have never seen the insects, by the way, I just know that they’re there because of all the birds trying to pick them out. They are always hopping around, looking for this and that and singing songs.I feel like I have become part of the ecosystem. When I’m eating breakfast or making dinner in the kitchen, I can look out and see a bird hopping around skillfully, gathering its own meal while I tend to mine. When I’m sitting in the living room, reading or drinking tea, I can suddenly find myself face to face with another bird. We’ll be staring at each other and, after some time, decide we can both carry on with our business. Living side by side. Even as I writethis -- the large windows open to a lovely, soft evening -- a white feather comes floating down by my side. Probably from one of the resident pigeons.As I don’t have the luxury of a garden, this tree makes me fell connected to the outdoors. Such an ancient tree, a tree that is itself home to many other creatures -- that feels different. It is as if it has adopted me and made me a part of its world, without ever asking for something in return. But if needs be, I know that it can count on me and I will protect it with all my strength.56. The flat that author lives in is _________.A. built in an ancient treeB. hugged by a giant treeC. decorated with branchesD. surrounded by a garden57. In the author’s description, she implies that _________.A. birds keep her warm companyB. she has been living on tree productsC. moss makes her flat nice and coolD. she has been bothered by the insects58. What does the author really treasure?A. A close - to - nature life.B. A luxurious garden.C. A spacious house.D. A sociable neighbor.59. Which of the following can be used to express the author’s feeling?A. Jealous.B. Inferior.C. Content.D. Passionate.(B)60. By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they _________.”A. make sense to manufacturersB. get stuck in storesC. are compared with each otherD. are piled up together.61. Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users?A. Dream-pad pillowB. Eight sleep trackerC. Smart Nora Wireless Snoring SolutionD. Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System62. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.B. The Nightingale is an economical but perfect device.。
2020年上海市青浦区高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市青浦区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Mako sharks get new protectionsAt the global wildlife trade meeting in Geneva， countries have decided to protect the endangered mako shark from trade． GENEVA made the proposal （1）________ more protections should be taken for both shortfin and longfin mako sharks and was adopted today after a 102﹣40 vote at the global wildlife trade summit． The vote still needs to be finalized at the full meeting at the end， when all appendix （附录） change proposals passed in committee are officially adopted．The proposal，debated at this year’s CITES Conference， lists mako sharks under Appendix II，meaning that they can’t be traded （2）________ it can be shown that fishing wouldn’t threaten their chances for survival．Conservationists say this was the world’s last chance to prevent mako shark populations from collapsing．（3）________ （list） mako sharks on CITES Appendix II is great news for shark conservation． More than 50 of the 183 CITES members signed on as supporters of the proposal brought forth by Mexico． Nonetheless， conservationists feared that opposition from a few countries with fairly large mako fishing industries﹣primarily the United States，Canada， and Japan﹣（4）________ tip the scale． Japan opposed the measure duringthe debates， and the United States announced afterward it （5）________ （vote） no．In the past， the U．S． and others have supported listing other shark species under CITES，but not so in this case，（6）________ commercial interests． For a lot of these countries，they were happy to list shark species when it was ones they weren’t so heavily involved in fishing． Suddenly，when they’re being asked to be responsible， rather than asking other people to be responsible，they’re （7）________（little） keen to take it on board．The International Union for the Conservation of Nature， which determines the conservation status of species claims that both species of mako sharks to be endangered，saying an （8）________ （estimate） 50 to 79 percent population decline over three generations， or about 75 years． They（9）________， used in shark fin soup﹣a dish in Asian countries，that’s often served at weddings as a sign of respect for guests． Their meat is more edible compared to （10）________ of other sharks， which is often acidic and is usually sold as a byproduct of the fin trade for “pennies on the dollar”．【答案】that,unless,Listing,could/would,had voted,with/for,less,estimated,are targeted,that【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】本文为记叙文．在日内瓦举行的全球野生动物贸易会议上，各国决定严禁对濒临灭绝的mako鲨鱼进行买卖．【解答】1．that．考查连接词．句意：日内瓦建议对短鳍和长鳍mako鲨鱼采取更多的保护措施．___more protections should be taken for both shortfin and longfin mako sharks是对前面名词proposal（提议）的具体内容的说明，需要用连接词引导同位语从句．分析句子可知，所填连接词在从句中不担任句子成分，也无实际含义，故填that．2．unless．考查连接词．句意：（除非）能证明捕鱼不会威胁到它们的生存机会，否则它们是不能被买卖的．空格前后为两个句子，需要一个连接词．空格后面句子表达“被买卖”的前提条件，结合句意，用连词unless意为“除非……、如果不……”．故填unless．3．Listing．考查非谓语动词．句意：把mako鲨鱼列入CITES附录二是鲨鱼保护的好消息．___（list） mako sharks on CITES Appendix II在句子中作主语，表示已知的事实，用动名词形式．故填Listing．4．could/would．考查情态动词．句意：尽管如此，自然资源保护者担心来自少数拥有相当大的mako渔业的国家（主要是美国、加拿大和日本）的反对可能会使规模变小．空格后为动词原形，此处表达可能性，根据主句谓语动词feared用了一般过去时，可以推知，空格处填情态动词can的过去式could．也可以用would，从过去的角度陈述未来可能发生的事情．故填could/would．5． had voted．考查动词的时态．句意：日本在辩论中反对这项措施，美国随后宣布投票反对．vote no（投反对票）这一动作发生在announce（宣布）这一动作之前，用过去完成时．故填had voted．6．with/for．考查介词．句意：在过去，美国和其他国家曾支持将其他鲨鱼物种列入濒危物种国际贸易公约，但在本案中并非如此，只是出于商业利益．空格及后面部分在句子中作状语，用介词短语表达，with/for commercial interests以商业利益为目的，符合语境．故填with/for．7.1ess．考查副词的比较级．突然间，当他们被要求承担责任，而不是要求其他人承担责任时，他们就不太愿意承担责任了．little修饰形容词keen（热衷的、热心的），结合句意，此处暗含着与前面 they were happy to list shark species when it was ones they weren’t so heavily involved in fishing作比较之意，所以用little的比较级形式．故填less．8．estimated．考查词性转换．estimate（估计）用作动词，此处作定语修饰名词population，且与被修饰词之间为被动关系，用动词的过去分词形式．故填estimated．9．are targeted．考查动词的时态语态．句意：可用于鱼翅汤﹣亚洲国家的一种菜肴，通常在婚礼上用来表示对客人的尊重，它们成为被攻击的目标．动词target的含义是：把…作为攻击目标，主语they指代mako sharks，与动词target之间为被动关系，故填are targeted．10．that．考查代词．句意：与其他鲨鱼相比，它们的肉更适合食用．用于比较级句式中，指代前面出现的不可数名词或可数名词单数，通常用that．此处代指前面名词meat，表特指．故填that．Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In between all the measures to battle the severe air pollution levels in Delhi，there’s one more option for you ﹣a bar that has “pure air”．Delhi’s first﹣ever oxygen bar ﹣ named “Oxy Pure” ﹣ offers 15 minutes of 80﹣90 percent pure oxygen starting from Rs 299．The bar，（1）_______ in May， also offers its customers several aromas（香味）to choose from that can be filled with oxygen． The aromas include lemongrass， cherry，mango and more．Customers are given a lightweight tube， used for supplementary oxygen （2）_______． The device is plac ed near the customer’s nose through which they are advised to breathe in the aroma﹣filled oxygen．According to the aroma you choose， each session （3）_______ to improve one’s sleep patterns and digestion， cure headaches and even claims to work as a remedy for （4）_______．"I was passing by and saw that they were offering pure oxygen． I thought I would give it atry and went for the lemongrass flavour． It was （5）_______，" Manjul Mehta， a customer at Oxy Pure told Delhi Daily．Speaking to Delhi Daily， Bonny Irengbam， senior sales assistant at the bar， said customers were（6）_______ positively after a few sessions．"Some people， who try it for the first time， will feel relaxed and fresh． But only people who undergo the sessions regularly will get real （7）_______ of the aroma，" he added． "Though we have regular customers，we don’t encourage back﹣to﹣back sessions， as （8）_______ levels of oxygen in the body can make a person dizzy． It is （9）_______ to do it once or twice a month or to stick with the 10﹣15 minute sessions a day，" he said．Dr． Rajesh Chawla， a senior consultant in medicine said that though such sessions do not have any side﹣effects， it does not help in the long run either．“Even if you breathe in the so﹣called pure oxygen for two hours in a day， you will go back to breathing the pollutedair for the rest of the 22 hours”， he said． He added that the concept is purely a（n）（10）_______ move．【答案】Flaunched,H． intake,Cpromises,K． depression,Brefreshing,J． responding,Abenefits,Eincr eased,I． advisable,Dcapitalistic【考点】任务型阅读【解析】在所有应对德里严重空气污染的措施中，你还有一个选择﹣﹣一个有“纯空气”的酒吧．德里有史以来第一个名为“纯氧”的酒吧，本文讲述了香味疗程作用．【解答】1﹣5 F H C K B 6﹣10 J A E I D（1）F． launched．考查选词填空．根据句意“这家酒吧，开始于于5月，还为顾客提供了几种可以充满氧气的香味”，可知表示“开始于”用F． launched．（2）H． intake．考查选词填空．根据句意“给顾客一个轻便的吸氧管，用于补充氧气”，可知表示“吸收”用H． intake．（3）C． promises．考查选词填空．根据句意“根据你所选择的香味，每一个疗程都承诺有助于改善睡眠模式和消化，治疗头痛，甚至声称可以治疗抑郁症．”，可知表示“承诺”用C． promises．（4）K． depression．考查选词填空．根据句意“根据你所选择的香味，每一个疗程都承诺有助于改善睡眠模式和消化，治疗头痛，甚至声称可以治疗抑郁症”，可知表示“抑郁症”用K． depression．（5）B． refreshing．考查选词填空．根据句意“它是使人精力充沛的”，可知表示“使人精力充沛的”用 B． refreshing．6）J． responding．考查选词填空．根据句意“顾客们在用过几次后反应积极．”，可知表示“反应”用J． responding．（6）A． benefits．考查选词填空．根据句意“但是只有经常参加的人才能真正享受到香气的好处”，可知表示“好处”用A． benefits．（7）E． increased．考查选词填空．根据句意“因为增加体内的氧含量可以使晕眩的人．”，可知表示“增加”用E． increased．（8）I． advisable．考查选词填空．根据句意“我建议每月做一两次，或者坚持每天10﹣15分钟的疗程．”，可知表示“建议”用 I． advisable．（9）D． capitalistic．考查选词填空．根据句意“他说这个概念纯粹是一个资本主义的举动．”，可知表示“资本主义的”用D． capitalistic．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stories about the problems of tourism have been numerous in the last few years． Yet it does not have to be a problem． Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile （脆弱的） environments and their local cultures can be （1）_______． Indeed, as has happened with some Alpine villages, it can even be a（n）（2）_______ for refreshing local cultures． And a growing number of adventure tourism （3）_______ are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term．In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future depends on combining tourism more effectively with the local （4）_______． Local concern about the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays﹣d’Enhaut resulted in （5）_______ being imposed on their growth． There has also been a new interest in cheese production in the area, providing the locals with a （6）_______ source of income that does not depend on outside visitors．Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by （7）_______ companies, who employ temporary workers and send most of the profits back to theirhome base． But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits increase （8）_______． For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorageto Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the lands and watch local musiciansand dancers．Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed （9）_______ strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their towns and reservations to （10）_______ high﹣quality handicrafts and artwork． Some have established highly profitable stoneware businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly （11）_______ with jewelry．Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over theireconomies, their culture and their environment when tourism has spread through their homelands． Merely restricting tourism cannot be the （12）_______ to the imbalance because people’s desire to see new places will not just disappear．（13）_______, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions, in order to （14）_______ their needs and desires with the demands of tourism． A growing number of communities are （15）_______ that, withfirm combined decision﹣making, this is possible． The critical question now is whetherthis can become the normal status, rather than the exception．（1）A.promotedB.minimizedC.inheritedD.deleted（2）A.vehicleB.responsibilityC.exampleD.entrance（3）A.operatorsB.professorsC.mayorsD.journalists（4）mitteeB.cultureC.sceneryD.economy（5）A.viewsB.burdensC.limitsD.qualifications（6）A.costlyB.criticalC.reliableD.sensible（7）A.responsibleB.nativeC.thoughtfulD.outside（8）A.locallyB.extensivelyC.virtuallyD.typically（9）A.positiveB.personalizedC.similarD.primary（10）A.estimateB.collectC.appreciateD.purchase（11）A.relevantB.successfulbinedD.impressed（12）A.desireB.solutionC.appealD.priority（13）A.InsteadB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.Besides（14）A.balanceB.meetC.requireD.recognize（15）plainingB.mentioningC.demonstratingD.protesting【答案】BAADCCDACDBBAAC【考点】政治经济类阅读【解析】这是一篇政治经济类阅读．关于旅游业问题的报道在过去的几年里数不胜数．然而，这并不一定是一个问题．虽然旅游不可避免地影响该地区发生，这些脆弱的环境和当地文化的成本完全可以最小化．事实上，就像高山地区的一些村庄一样，它甚至可以成为一种使当地文化焕然一新的载体．越来越多的探险旅游经营者正试图确保他们的活动长期有益于当地人口和环境．【解答】（1）B．考查动词及语境理解 A． promoted促进 B． minimized最小化 C． inherited 继承 D． deleted 删除根据句意：虽然旅游不可避免地影响该地区发生，这些脆弱的成本环境和当地文化可以（1）最小化．故选B．（2）A．考查名词及语境理解 A． vehicle车辆，载体B． responsibility 责任C． example例 D． entrance 入口根据句意：事实上，就像高山地区的一些村庄一样，它甚至可以成为一种使当地文化焕然一新的载体．故选A．（3）A．考查名词及语境理解 A． operators运营商 B． professors教授 C． mayors市长 D． journalists 记者根据句意：越来越多的探险旅游经营者正试图确保他们的活动长期有益于当地人口和环境．故选A．（4）D．考查名词及语境理解 A． committee 委员会B． culture文化 C． scenery风景D． economy 经济根据句意：在瑞士阿尔卑斯山脉，当地居民认为他们的未来取决于旅游业与当地经济的有效结合．故选D．（5）C．考查名词及语境理解 A． views看法 B． burdens负担 C． limits限制D． qualifications 资格根据句意：当地对瑞士支付的第二套住房开发数量的增加感到担忧，导致对其增长施加了限制．故选C．（6）C．考查形容词及语境理解 A． costly昂贵的 B． critical 关键的C． reliable可靠的 D． sensible明智的根据句意：该地区对奶酪生产也产生了新的兴趣，为当地人提供了不依赖外来游客的可靠收入来源．故选C．（7）D．考查形容词及语境理解 A． responsible负责任的 B． native本地的C． thoughtful深思熟虑的 D． outside 外部的根据句意：许多北极旅游目的地被外来公司利用，这些公司雇佣临时工，将大部分利润寄回本国．故选D．（8）A．考查副词及语境理解 A． locally本地 B． extensively广泛地C． virtually实际上 D． typically 通常根据句意：但一些北极地区现在自己经营旅游业务，从而确保当地收益增加．故选A．（9）C．考查形容词及语境理解 A． positive积极的 B． personalized个性化的C． similar类似的 D． primary 主要的美国西南部沙漠地区的原住民也采取了类似的策略，鼓励游客到他们的城镇和保留地购买高质量的手工艺品和艺术品．故选C．（10）D．考查动词及语境理解 A． estimate估计 B． collect收集 C． appreciate欣赏D． purchase 购买根据句意：美国西南部沙漠地区的原住民也采取了类似的策略，鼓励游客到他们的城镇和保留地购买高质量的手工艺品和艺术品．故选D．（11）B．考查形容词及语境理解 A． relevant有关的 B． successful成功的C． combined结合 D． impressed 深刻的根据句意：有些人已经建立了高利润的石器生意，而纳瓦霍人和霍皮人集团在珠宝方面也取得了类似的成功．故选B．（12）B．考查名词及语境理解 A． desire欲望 B． solution解决方案 C． appeal吸引力 D． priority 优先根据句意：仅仅限制旅游并不能解决这种不平衡，因为人们对新地方的渴望不会消失．故选B．（13）A．考查副词及语境理解 A． Instead而 B． Moreover此外 C． However然而D． Besides 除了根据句意：相反，脆弱环境中的社区必须对其所在地区的旅游企业实现更大的控制，以平衡其需求和愿望与旅游业的需求．越来越多的社区表明，通过坚定的联合决策，这是可能的．故选A．（14）A．考查动词及语境理解 A． balance平衡 B． meet满足 C． require需要D． recognize识别根据句意：相反，脆弱环境中的社区必须对其所在地区的旅游企业实现更大的控制，以平衡其需求和愿望与旅游业的需求．越来越多的社区表明，通过坚定的联合决策，这是可能的．故选A．（15）C．考查动词及语境理解 A． complaining抱怨 B． mentioning提到C． demonstrating证明 D． protesting抗议根据句意：现在的关键问题是，这种情况能否成为常态，而不是例外．故选C．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.McCoy was looking for a safe place to do drugs when something clearly out of place caught his eye: a luxurious brown leather handbag．McCoy, 36, could relate all too well． One of his few possessions, the sleeping bag he used in an abandoned house, had recently been stolen．Remembering how angered he’d been by his own loss, he resolved to return the purse to its owner．He began right away, starting with the address on the bill found in the handbag． After traveling much of the day and finally approaching the address on the bill, he was stopped by a woman, who asked whether she could buy the purse． McCoy refused, saying he was searching for its owner．“But I am the owner,” the woman said．“That’s my pu rse．”A month earlier, Kaitlyn Smith, 29, a sales representative for a medical device company, had woken up to find her apartment broken into and her purse stolen． Now she came across a tall, messy﹣looking man holding it tightly． She could instantly tell he wasn’t in good shape．At Smith’s urging, McCoy told her his story．He’d been in charge of a landscaping business until 2012, when a car accident left him addicted to drugs．Smith, amazed this stranger had gone to such great lengths to return her bag, asked whether there was anything she could do to help．“I’m a drug addict,” McCoy warned．“Idon’t want to intrude on your life;I’m probably gonna let you down．”Unafraid, Smith gave him her phone number, saying, “If you want to go to rehab （戒毒所）, call me．” She then drove him back to his neighborhood and left, thinking that would be the end of it． Two days later, she got a call．Smith realized that McCoy was serious about getting better, so she dug into her savings account and bought McCoy a plane ticket to Florida． While there, he would call her to let her know how he was doing．“We were getting to know each other,” Smith says．“His scared, desperate voice turned into a healthy, lively one．” After 28 days at a rehab program at Johns Hopkins Hospital, McCoy is drug﹣free． He lives at a residential recovery center in Baltimore, and a GoFundMe page set up by Smith has covered hisrent, groceries, and incidentals． His life is back on track, all because one crime victim could understand another’s loss．（1）What drove McCoy to look for the owner of the handbag？________A.The urge to find a business partner．B.The resolution to recover his sleeping bag．C.His own unfortunate experience．D.His anger over the poor living condition．．（2）What was McCoy’s initial reaction towards Smith’s intention to help？________A.Enthusiasm．B.Resistance．C.Hostility．D.Gratitude．．（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？________A.McCoy was a victim of an identity theft．B.Smith offered McCoy a ride home at his request．C.McCoy looked unhealthy when he bumped into Smith．D.Smith covered McCoy’s living expense in the recovery centre．．（4）Which of the following might be the best title for the passage？________A.Drug﹣abuse Can Heal．B.Lost and Found．C.Mutual Communication Matters．D.Good Deeds Repaid．【答案】CBCD【考点】人生感悟类阅读记叙文阅读【解析】这是一篇人生感悟类阅读．一个月前Kaitlyn Smith帮助过McCoy，一个月后McCoy帮助了Kaitlyn Smith，好心有好报啊！【解答】（1）C．根据第二段第一句McCoy， 36， could relate all too well． One of his few possessions， the sleeping bag he used in an abandoned house， had recently beenstolen．Remembering how angered he’d been by his own loss， he resolved to return the purse to its owner（36岁的麦科伊（McCoy）能很好地描述这一切．在他为数不多的财产中，有一件最近被偷了，那就是他在一所废弃的房子里用过的睡袋．想起自己的损失是多么让他生气，他决定把钱包还给失主．）可知，麦科伊去寻找手提包的主人是因为他自己有过不幸的经历．故选C．（2）B．根据第六段最后一句“I’m a drug addict，” McCoy warned．“I don’t want to intrude on your life；I’m probably gonna let you down（”我是个瘾君子，“麦考伊警告说．”我不想打扰你的生活，我可能会让你失望的．“）．”可知，麦考伊对史密斯想要帮忙的意图的最初反应是抵抗．故选B．（3）C．根据第四段最后一句 Now she came across a tall， messy﹣looking man holding it tightly．She could instantly tell he wasn’t in good shape（这时，她碰到一个高个子、满脸脏乱的男人紧紧地抓着它．她一眼就能看出他身体不好．）可知，C选项“麦考伊撞到史密斯时，看上去很不健康．”是正确的．故选C．（4）D．根据全文介绍了一个月前Kaitlyn Smith帮助过McCoy，一个月后McCoy帮助了Kaitlyn Smith，好心有好报（Good Deeds Repaid）！故选D．Growing Green Thumbs________Denton, 940/591﹣8865;Flower Mound, 972/691﹣2650;Lewisville, 972/315﹣3133．www．mytexasgarden．comLEARN: Kids ages 5﹣12 can explore and plant in the Calloway gardens with aparent/caregiver’s supervision at 9: 30 am on the first or third Wednesdays from June to August． A garden expert will share tips and advice for the best gardening practices during the 45﹣minute session （beginning on June 2）． Preregistration online is required．COST: Free________2200 Bowling Green Ave．, Denton, 940/349﹣2883．www．dcmga．comLEARN: Join the weekend work at the community garden, where caregivers, parents and master gardeners help children of all ages plant new vegetables, water the plants, harvest from the gardens and more． The instructors also lead games about nutrition, good and bad insects and more． 10 am﹣5 pm on Saturdays．COST: Free________255 Parkway Blvd．, Coppell．www．copp11communitygarden．orgLEARN: Kids of all ages （with a parent/caregiver） can volunteer at either the Helping Hands Garden （255 Parkway Blvd．） or Ground Delivery Garden （450 S． Denton Tap Road）． Children will have the opportunity to till （耕） the ground, plant vegetables, harvest from the garden and more． Master gardeners are available on site; all harvested foods are either sold at the community’s farmers’ market or donated to the area food bank． Work begins every Saturday at about 9 am．COST: Free（1）If a child wants to plant in the Calloway gardens， he/she________．A. needs to register online before handB. should be present every Wednesday morningC. must be under supervision throughout the yearD. can visit www．dcmga．com for more information．（2）Which of the following can be learned from the passage？________A. All the three gardens are based in Denton．B. Experts in Calloway Gardens are tipped for their instructions．C. Kids in Coppell Community Gardens may take harvests home．D. Activities in Denton Children’s Community Gardens are entertaining．．（3）This piece of writing is most probably issued by________．A. a food industry in bad need of fundingB. a website promoting gardening facilitiesC. an institution offering learning programsD. an association publicizing botanical gardens．【答案】ADC【考点】应用文阅读广告布告类阅读【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了几个学习的网站【解答】（1） A 细节理解题．根据第六段“A garden expert will share tips and advice for the best gardening practices during the 45﹣minute session （beginning on June 2）．Preregistration online is required．花园专家将在45分钟的会议（从6月2日开始）中分享最佳园艺实践的提示和建议．需要在线预注册．”可知如果一个孩子想在卡洛威花园种植，他/她需要在线预注册．故选A．（2） D 细节理解题．根据最后一段“Children will have the opportunity to till （耕） the ground， plant vegetables， harvest from the garden and more． Master gardeners are available on site；all harvested foods are either sold at the community’s farmers’ market or donated to the area food bank． Work begins every Saturday at about 9 am园丁大师可以在所有收获的食物要么在社区的农贸市场出售，要么捐赠给当地的粮食银行．每周六上午9点左右开始工作．”可知C错误；根据第十四段“255 Parkway Blvd．，Coppell．科佩尔帕克威大道255号．”可知Coppell Community Gardens不在丹顿，所以A错误；B项没有提到；根据第十一段" LEARN： Join the weekend work at the community garden， where caregivers， parents and master gardeners help children of all ages plant new vegetables， water the plants， harvest from the gardens and more． The instructors also lead games about nutrition， good and bad insects and more． 10 am﹣5pm on Saturdays．学习：参加社区花园的周末工作，在那里，看护者、家长和园丁大师帮助不同年龄段的孩子种植新蔬菜、浇水、从花园收获等等．导师还领导有关营养、好昆虫和坏昆虫等方面的游戏．周六上午10点至下午5点．"可知游戏很有趣，所以D正确；故选D．（3） C 文章出处．阅读全文可知本文主要讲述了几个学习的网站，所以应该会由提供学习课程的机构发行的．故选C．Though the spread of good reproduction （复制品） of works of art can be culturally valuable, museums continue to promote the special status of original work and highlight the authenticity （真实） of its exhibits． Unfortunately, this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors．One limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits． Art museums are often called “treasure houses”． We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards who keep us away from the exhibits． In addition, a major collection like that of London’s National Gallery is housed in nu merous rooms, where a single piece of work is likely to be worth more than all the average visitor possesses． In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth, it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative “worthlessness” in such an environment．Furthermore, consideration of the “value” of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that since these works were originally produced, they have been assigned a huge value in terms of money by some person or institution more powerful than themselves． Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today’s viewer is discouraged from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self﹣reliant kind of interpretation which would originally have met the work．The visitor may then be struck by the strangeness of seeing such a variety of paintings, drawings and sculptures brought together in an environment for which they were not originally created．This “displacement effect” is further heightened by the huge volume of exhibits． In the case of a major collection, there are probably more works on display than we could realistically view in weeks or even months．This is particularly distressing because time seems to be a vital factor in the appreciation of all art forms． A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed． Operas, novels and poems are read in a prescribed time sequence, whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing, or at which to finish． Thus art works themselves encourage us to view them superficially, without appreciating the richness of detail and labor that is involved．Consequently, the dominant critical approach becomes that of the art historian, a specialized academic approach devoted to “discovering the meaning” of art within the cultural context of its time． This is in harmony with the muse um’s function, since the approach is dedicated to seeking out and conserving “authentic”,“original” readings of the exhibits．（1）The writer mentions London’s National Gallery to illustrate________．A. the undesirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of artB. the conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic valuesC. the negative effect a museum can have on visitors’ opinion of themselvesD. the need to put individual well﹣being above large﹣scale artistic schemes．（2）The writer says that today viewers may be unwilling to criticize a work becausethey________．A. lack the knowledge neededB. fear it may have financial implicationsC. have no real concept of the work’s valueD. feel their personal reaction is of no significance．（3）The writer says that unlike other forms of art， the appreciation of a painting does not________．A. involve direct contact with an audienceB. require a specific location for performanceC. need the involvement of other professionalsD. call for a specific beginning or ending．（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？________A. Original work： killer of artistic appreciationB. Original work： reduction to value of art worksC. Original work： substitute for reproductionD. Original work：art historians’ bread and butter．【答案】CDDA【考点】说明文阅读文学艺术类阅读【解析】本文章主要讲述了某些艺术作品原著的存在以及过多的强调且真实性，会影响游客们对艺术品的欣赏体验．【解答】（1）C．细节理解题．根据文章第二段，Art museums are often called “treasure houses”． We are reminded of this even before we view a collection by the presence of security guards who keep us away from the exhibits…In a society that judges the personal status of the individual so much by their material worth， it is therefore difficult not to be impressed by one’s own relative “worthlessness” in such an environment．艺术博物馆通常被称为“宝库”．甚至在我们观看藏品之前，保安就提醒我们不要靠近展品．此外，像伦敦国家美术馆这样的大型藏品被安置在许多房间里，在那里一件作品可能比普通游客拥有的所有藏品都值钱．在一个如此以物质价值来判断个人个人地位的社会里，在这样的环境中，很难不被自己相对的“无价值”所打动．可知，作者提到伦敦国家美术馆是为了表明博物馆对游客自身价值的负面的影响，结合选项，故选C．（2）D．细节理解题．根据文章第三段，Furthermore，consideration of the “value” of the original work in its treasure house setting impresses upon the viewer that since these works were originally produced， they have been assigned a huge value in terms of money by some person or institution more powerful than themselves． Evidently， nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value，and so today’s viewer is discouraged from trying to extend that spontaneous， immediate， self﹣reliant kind of interpretation which would originally have met the work．此外，考虑到宝库中原作的“价值”，观者会想到，这些作品自诞生之日起，就被比他们更强大的人或机构赋予了巨大的金钱价值．显然，观者对作品的任何想法都不是会改变这种价值观，所以今天的观众不愿意尝试扩展这种自发的、即时的、自力更生的解释，即使这种解释本来是符合作品的．可知，人们现在一般不轻易评价作品是因为他们认为自己的评价根本不重要．结合选项，故选D．（3）D．推理判断题．根据文章第五段，A fundamental difference between paintings and other art forms is that there is no prescribed time over which a painting is viewed． Operas， novels and poems are read in a prescribed time sequence， whereas a picture has no clear place at which to start viewing， or at which to finish．绘画和其他艺术形式的一个根本区别是看画没有规定的时间．歌剧、小说和诗歌是按规定的时间顺序阅读的，而图画没有明确的开始看的地方或结束的地方．可知，绘画不同于其他艺术形式的地方之一在于，它没有要求一个明确的开始或者结束的时间．结合选项，故选D．（4）A．标题归纳题．根据文章第一段，Though the spread of good reproduction （复制品） of works of art can be culturally valuable， museums continue to promote the special status of original work and highlight the authenticity （真实） of itsexhibits． Unfortunately， this seems to place severe limitations on the kind of experience offered to visitors．尽管艺术作品的良好复制品的传播在文化上是有价值的，但博物馆仍在继续宣传原创作品的特殊地位，并强调其展品的真实性，不幸的是，这似乎严重限制了向游客提供的体验．可知，本文章主要讲述了某些艺术作品原著的存在以及过多的强调且真实性，会影响游客们对艺术品的欣赏体验．结合选项，故选A．Section CDirections： Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Vitamin D3 Improve Heart FunctionA daily dose of vitamin D3 improves heart function in people with heart failure， a five﹣year University of Leeds research project has found．Dr． Klaus Witte， from the School of Medicine and Consultant Cardiologist at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust， led the study． He said：“This is a significant breakthrough for patients． It is the first evidence that vitamin D3 can improve heart function of people with heart muscle weakness ﹣known as heart failure．” （1）________Vitamin D3 can be boosted by exposure to sunlight， but heart failure patients are often deficient in it even during the summer because older people make less vitamin D3 in response to sunlight than younger people． Vitamin D3 production in the skin is also reduced by sunscreen．The study， which was funded by the Medical Research Council， involved more than 160 patients from Leeds who were already being treated for their heart failure using proven treatments including beta ﹣ blockers， ACE﹣inhibitors and pacemakers．（2）________ Those patients who took vitamin D3 experienced an improvement in heart function which was not seen in those who took a placebo．。
2020年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市崇明区高考英语一模试卷Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.A 14﹣year﹣old Girl Built an App to Help Alzheimer’s patients （老年痴呆症患者）For many teenagers， their lives typically might circle around schoolwork and spending time with friends． Not so for Emma Yang． Though the Hong Kong﹣born girl is only 14， she （1）________（create）her own mobile app for Alzheimer’s patients already．The Timeless app， which Yang spent two years （2）________（develop）， comes with several important features． It is an artificial intelligence﹣powered facial recognition system in the app （3）________helps Alzheimer’s patients identify people in photos and remember who they are． It also allows photos （4）________（group）by individuals as well as provides a picture﹣based phone book， which enables a user to tap on photos to call or text a person．The inspiration to develop an app that would help Alzheimer’s patients connect with their loved ones came to Yang at the age of 12， when her grandmother started forgetting things like （5）________she lived and Yang’s birthday．"I wanted to create something to help people like my grandmother stay （6）________（connect）with her family，" Yang said． It was a task she was well﹣prepared to undertake，（7）________venture capitalists didn’t take her work seriously． Yang started a crowd finding campaign in March last year to support her 37/we/es^ app project． That effort raised more than ＄10，000．At present Yang works with an international team that includes a designer in California and a developer in Cologne， Germany． The chief technology officer of Kairos， the AI company （8）________ technology is used in the Timeless app，is now Yang’s adviser．Yang urged other young， ambitious people to believe in （9）________because the teenagers of today will be tomorrow’s leaders．“T echnology has been able to make kids put their ideas into action，’’ she said ”（10）________yon get out there and put yourself out there，tell people about your idea and find out who’s onboard and can get behind it，you’ll eventually find that team of people．"【答案】has created,developing,that,to begrouped,where,connected,but,whose,themselves,Aslongas【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】本文主要介绍了一个14岁的女孩开发了一个帮助老年痴呆症患者的应用程序，帮助老年痴呆症患者识别照片中的人并记住他们是谁．【解答】1． has created．考查时态．句意：她已经为老年痴呆症患者创建了自己的手机应用程序．根据句意和already可知是现在完成时，表示动作发生在过去对现在有影响，主语she是第三人称单数，故填has created．doing…“花费时间做某事”，动词应用现在分词，故填developing．3． that．考查强调句．句意：是一个应用程序中的人工智能面部识别系统，帮助老年痴呆症患者识别照片中的人并记住他们是谁．分析句子结构可知是强调句，强调主语an artificial intelligence﹣powered facial recognition system in the app应用that，故填that．4． to be grouped．考查不定式的被动．根据前面的allows photos可知考查allow…todo sth．“允许…做某事”，动词group与photos是被动关系应用不定式的被动式，故填to be grouped．5． where．考查状语从句．分析句子结构可知是状语从句，从句中动词lived缺地点状语应用连接副词where，故填where．6． connected．考查形容词．句意：我想创造一些东西来帮助像我祖母这样的人与家人保持联系．根据句意可知考查短语stay connected with…“与…保持联系”，故填connected．7． but．考查连词．句意：这是一项她准备充分的任务，____风险投资家并没有认真对待她的工作．根据句意可知两句之间是转折关系应用转折连词but，故填but．8． whose．考查定语从句．分析句子结构可知是定语从句，先行词the AI company在从句中作定语与空后的名词technology是从属关系，故填whose．9． themselves．考查反身代词．句意：杨敦促其他有抱负的年轻人相信自己，因为今天的青少年将成为明天的领袖．根据句意可知考查believe in oneself“相信自己”，结合ambitious people可知此处应用they的反身代词，故填themselves．10． As long as．句意：只要你走出去，站出来，告诉人们你的想法，找出谁能支持你．根据句意可知此处意为“只要”应用as long as引导条件状语从句，故填As long as．Section BDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Stephen Hawking：The Extraordinary Scientist Who Changed Our Understanding of PhysicsThere aren’t very many scientists who achieved rock star status． Stephen Hawking was definitely one of them．Hawking was a theoretical physicist whose early work on black holes （1）_______ how scientists think about the nature of the universe． Lawrence Krauss， a theoretical physicist from Arizona State University and a friend and colleague of Hawking’s， says that at a young age． Hawking （2）_______ some thing “truly remarkable”． Krauss says before Hawking，physicists thought that the large gravity of a black hole （3）_______ everything in and nothing could escape． But by combining quantum mechanics （量子力学）and the theory of relativity， Hawking showed something and changed everything about the way we think about gravity． Krauss says Hawking pointed out a（n）（4）_______ problem in the way physicists understand our world一a problem that Krauss says has yet to be resolved．But his fame wasn’t just a（n）（5）_______ of his research． Hawking， who had a rare disease that made it impossible for him to move or speak， was also a popularpublic（6）_______ and best﹣selling author． When he came to scientific conferences，the audienceHistory of Time， was a best﹣seller． But he agreed that that book was probably the least﹣read， most﹣bought book ever． This showed Hawking’s sense of humor．That sense of humor， along with his fame，（8）_______ Hawking to appear on The Simpsons several times as well as on a number of other popular shows．Toward the end of his life，Hawking’s disease left him almost（瘫痪的）．It look an enormous（9）_______ for Hawking to communicate， using the tiny movements he could make to control a computer．It’s tempting to say that Hawking achieved his fame in spite of his （10）_______ challenges．【答案】D,F,A,J,C,H,I,B,G,E【考点】任务型阅读【解析】本文介绍了科学家霍金的的情况，从他的科学成就，到身体状况以及他获得的声誉．【解答】（1） D ，考查句意，根据句意“霍金是一位理论物理学家，他早期对黑洞的研究改变了科学家对宇宙本质的看法”，可知要填的词为“transformed 转变”．（2） F ，考查句意，根据句意" 霍金发现了一些“真正了不起的东西”．“，可知要填的词为” discovered 发现"．（3） A ，考查句意，根据句意" 物理学家认为黑洞的巨大引力吸引了一切，没有什么东西可以逃脱“，可知要填的词为” drew拉、拽"．（4） J ，考查句意，根据句意“霍金指出物理学家理解世界的一个基本问题”，可知要填的词为“fundamental基本的”，形容词作定语．（5） C ，考查句意，根据句意“但他的名声并不仅仅是他的研究成果”，可知要填的词为" result 结果 "，名词作表语．（6）H ，考查句意，根据句意" 霍金患有一种罕见的疾病，使他无法动弹或说话，他也是一位受欢迎的公众人物和畅销书作家“，可知要填的词为”figure人物"，前面有a，所以用单数名词．（7） I ，考查句意，根据句意“不仅是科学家，公众也对他表示了极大的尊敬”，可知要填的词为" respect尊重"，show respect for尊重．8B ，考查句意，根据句意" 这种幽默感，加上他的名声，使得霍金多次出现在《辛普森一家》以及其他一些热门节目中“，可知要填的词为” allowed 使某人能"．（8） G ，考查句意，根据句意" 对霍金来说，沟通似乎是一项巨大的努力“，可知要填的词为”effort 努力 "，前面有不定冠词，所以用单数名词做宾语．（9） E ，考查句意，根据句意“很有意思的是，尽管身体上的挑战，Hawking还是获得了高的声誉．”，可知要填的词为" physical身体上的"，形容词作定语．Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.What did we do to deserve cats and dogs? Not only are they super cute and make us smile on a daily basis, scientists from Washington State University have now proved that touching our favourite（1）_______ friends gently for just ten minutes is an effective wayto reduce stress levels．In findings published in AERA Open ﹣ an open access journal published by the American Educational Research Association ﹣ last month, scientists showed that the general （2）showing ’’significant" reduction in cortisol levels ﹣ a chemical produced by our bodies in times of stress．Many universities have adopted “Pet Your Stress Away” programs where students can （3）_______ cats or dogs and it appears to be showing both psychological and physiological benefits now．The research, conducted by Washington State University （WSU）, shows that pets improve students’ moods, and their （4）_______ as stress﹣relieving physiological benefits． "Just 10 minutes can have a significant （5）_______, " said Patricia Pendry, an associate professor in WSU’s Department of Human Development．This is the first study that has demonstrated reductions in students’ cortisol levels during a （6）_______ intervention （介入）．The team chose 249 college students and put them into tour random groups and compared the effects of different （7）_______ to animals． The first group were provided 10 minutes of actual interaction with dogs and cats． The second group waited in line while （8）_______ others petting the animals． The third group watched a slide﹣show of the same animals, while the fourth group had to （9）_______and was told they would be allowed to sec the animals after 10 minutes．Salivary cortisol （10）_______ were collected from each participant starting from the moment they woke up in the morning． There was significantly less cortisol in the saliva of students who had（11）_______ interaction with the pets．Many universities have started these （12）_______ where students can interact withcats or dogs to help relieve the pressures of higher education． "We already knew that students enjoy interacting with animals, and that it helps them experience more（13）_______ emotions, " Dr． Pendry said． "What we wanted to learn was whether this exposure would help students reduce their stress in a less（14）_______ way． And itdid, which is （15）_______because the reduction of stress chemicals may, overtime, have significant benefits for physical and mental health．"（1）A.newB.furryC.closeD.personal（2）A.enduranceB.awarenesscationD.well﹣being（3）A.glance atB.focus onC.interact withD.escape from（4）A.presenceB.performanceC.intelligenceD.perseverance（5）A.potentialB.problemC.chanceD.impact（6）（7）A.responsesB.exposuresC.contributionsD.approaches（8）A.keepingB.preventingC.observingD.catching（9）A.swearB.waitC.superviseD.appreciate（10）A.samplesB.levelsC.injectionsD.tips（11）A.littleB.harmoniousrmalD.direct（12）A.campaignsB.programsC.researchesD.majors（13）plexB.intenseC.familiarD.positive（14）A.subjectiveB.riskyC.mysteriousD.effective（15）A.demandingB.challengingC.excitingD.disappointing【答案】BDCADABCBADBDA【考点】日常生活类阅读【解析】本文主要介绍了一项学生与动物互动给学生的身体和心里上带来的好处，能够减轻学生的压力，减少压力对身心健康有显著的好处．【解答】（1）B．考查形容词辨析及句意理解．A． new 新的；B． furry 毛的；C． close 亲密的；D． personal私人的．根据前文的 cats and dogs可见都是些有毛的朋友，所以答案选B．（2）D．考查名词辨析及句意理解．A． endurance 忍耐力；B． awareness意识；C． education 教育；D． well﹣being幸福感．根据前文 scientists from Washington State University have now proved that touching our favourite（1）B friends gently for just ten minutes is an effective way to reduce stress levels，轻轻抚摸我们最喜欢的带毛朋友十分钟，是一种有效的减轻压力的方法．可见通过这项研究，学生的幸福感快速提高，所以答案选D．（3）C．考查短语辨析及句意理解．A． glance at 撇一眼；B． focus on集中注意力于；C． interact with 与互动；D． escape from逃脱．许多大学都采用了“减轻压力”的计划，学生可以与猫或狗互动，现在似乎显示出心理和生理上的好处．所以答案选C．（4）A．考查名词辨析及句意理解．A． presence出席，存在； B． performance 表演；C． intelligence 智力；D． perseverance毅力．进行的这项研究表明，可以改善学生的情绪，而且宠物的存在有助于缓解压力．所以答案选A．（5）D．考查形容词辨析及句意理解．A． potential 潜在的；B． problem问题；C． chance 机会；D． impact影响．根据语境仅仅10分钟就可以产生重大影响．所以答案选D．（6）A．考查形容词辨析及句意理解．A． real﹣life 真实的，现实的；B． part﹣time兼职的；C． contributions 奉献；D． high﹣quality高质量的．这是第一项在现实生活干预中证明学生皮质醇水平降低的研究．所以答案选A．（7）B．考查名词辨析及句意理解．A． responses回应； B． exposures 揭露；C． contributions捐款； D． approaches靠近．研究小组选择了249名大学生，将他们随机分为两组，并比较了不同动物接触暴露的效果．所以答案选B．（8）C．考查动词辨析及句意理解．A． keeping保持； B． preventing阻止；C． observing 观察；D． catching抓住．第一组与猫狗进行10分钟的实际互动，第二组排队等候，观察其他人则抚摸动物，所以答案选C．（9）B．考查动词辨析及句意理解．A． swear 发誓；B． wait等待； C． supervise 监管；D． appreciate欣赏．第三组观看相同动物的幻灯片，而第四组则必须等待，并被告知10分钟后允许他们看动物，所以答案选B．（10）A．考查名词辨析及句意理解．A． samples 样品；B． levels 水平；C． injections 注射；D． tips技巧．从早上醒来的那一刻起，从每个参与者身上采集唾液皮质醇样本，与宠物有直接接触的学生唾液中皮质醇明显减少．所以答案选A．（11）D．考查形容词辨析及句意理解．A． little 小的，少的；B． harmonious 和谐的；C． informal不正常的； D． direct直接的．从早上醒来的那一刻起，从每个参与者身上采集唾液皮质醇样本，与宠物有直接接触的学生唾液中皮质醇明显减少．所以答案选D．（12）B．考查名词辨析及句意理解．A． campaigns 运动；B． programs项目；C． researches 研究；D． majors专业课．许多大学已经开始了这个项目，学生可以和猫或狗互动，以帮助缓解高等教育的压力．" 所以答案选B．C． familiar 熟悉的；D． positive．积极的，根据前文的研究，动物给学生带来的是好的影响，所以这个学生说的应该是：我们已经知道学生喜欢和动物互动，这有助于他们体验更多积极的情绪，所以答案选D．（14）A．考查动词辨析及句意理解．A． subjective 主观的；B． risky冒险的；C． mysterious D． effective有效的．这种接触是否有助于学生以一种不那么主观的方式减轻压力．所以答案选A．（15）C．考查辨析及句意理解．A． demanding 高要求的；B．challenging 富有挑战性；C． exciting使兴奋的； D． disappointing感到失望的．根据语境这确实令人兴奋，因为随着时间的推移，减少压力化学物质可能对身心健康有显著的好处．所以答案选C．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Every year, the Palace of Fine Arts Theatre in San Francisco fills up with dancelovers． They come to take in experimental works of art that all have one thing in common﹣hip hop． This weekend the San﹣Francisco International Hip Hop Dance﹣Fest celebrates 20 years of presenting electrifying hip hop performances．Each Dance﹣Fest has diversity （多样化）of style and group size, and a balance of local and out﹣of﹣town companies． From Vietnam to Brazil to Uganda to the Czech Republic, the festival has drawn impressive international talent．After a long process, only the most exceptional companies are flown in for Dance﹣Fest． In fact, outstanding technical dance skills are only a basic standard that the festival organizers are looking for． They look for much more﹣groups or artists that think outside the box． Artists that use hip hop in a theatrical way or to address social issues are sure to stand out． For instance, the 2010 performance “Tables and Chairs” served to un derline the negative effects of alcoholism on society．It would be terribly irresponsible not to mention the founder, Micaya, in any introductionto Dance﹣Fest． A popular hip hop dance instructor, Micaya began producing high energy dance shows in the heart of San Francisco in 1993．Students of all ages and backgrounds love her classes so much that a San﹣Francisco newspaper once described her as “Best Dance Instructor”．However, Micaya was concerned about the then dubious reputation of hip hop． She made it her goal to get hip hop the same recognition and respect as other dance forms． In 1999 she started Dance﹣Fest． It was the first festival of its kind to honor the creativity of hip hop dance in a non﹣competitive atmosphere． To Micaya, competitive Riles leave little room for the magic that comes from true expression． One review said, Micaya’s festival challenges us “to reconsider just how diverse and embracing hip hop can now be．” Indeed, Micaya brings out the best in dancers, and has given San Francisco one of its finest festivals．（1）What is the passage mainly about？________A. The creativity of hip hop．B. The characteristics and the history of Dance﹣Fest．C. The best instructor of hip hop．D. The unique Riles and the challenge of Dance﹣Fest．．（2）Hip﹣hop dancers are more likely to be chosen for Dance﹣fest if they cannot only dance skillfully but also________．A. dance on the outside of the boxB. give up drinking alcohol before dancingC. handle social problems with their danceD. show their technical dance skills in theaters．（3）By “dubious reputation” in the last paragraph，the author means hip hop backthen________．A. was forbidden in publicB. was considered something badC. received too much attentionD. lacked creativity and competition．（4）What can be concluded about Dance﹣Fest？________A. It is a competition for hip hop dancers．B. It is a dance festival for various dance forms．C. It is successful in popularizing hip hop．D. It is better respected than other dance festivals．【答案】BCBC【考点】历史文化类阅读议论文阅读【解析】本文讲述了旧金山舞蹈节的特点与历史．每年，旧金山的艺术宫剧院都会挤满舞蹈爱好者，每场舞蹈节都有不同的风格和团体规模，作品都有一个共同点：嘻哈．【解答】（1） B，主旨大意他，本文讲述了旧金山舞蹈节的特点与历史．每年，旧金山的艺术宫剧院都会挤满舞蹈爱好者，每场舞蹈节都有不同的风格和团体规模，作品都有一个共同点：嘻哈．故选B．（2） C，细节理解题，根据第三段的“Artists that use hip hop in a theatrical way or to address social issues are sure to stand out以戏剧化的方式使用嘻哈乐或解决社会问题的艺术家肯定会脱颖而出”，可知答案选C．（3） B，推理判断题，根据最后一段的“She made it her goal to get hip hop the same recognition and respect as other dance forms她的目标是让嘻哈和其他舞蹈形式一样得到认可和尊重．”，可知那时嘻哈音乐被认为是坏的东西，故选B．（4） C，推理判断题，根据最后一段的“One review said，Micaya’s festival challenges us ”to reconsider just how diverse and embracing hip hop can now be．" Indeed， Micaya brings out the best in dancers一篇评论说，Michaya的音乐节要求我们“重新考虑嘻哈现在的多样性和包容性．”．“事实上，米卡娅带来了最好的舞者，”，可知它成功地推广了嘻哈舞蹈．故选C．．（1）The passage can most probably be found in the part “________” in a schools admissions booklet．A. Application ProceduresB. Terms and ConditionsC. Frequently Asked QuestionsD. Acknowledgement and Declaration．（2）What can be learned about tuition fees？________A. Tuition fees are usually paid after pupils gel their school reports．B. Tuition fees can be paid according to the number of days attended．C. There fundable deposit can be used to pay the tuition after the due date．D. A pupil may be removed from school if part of his tuition fees is overdue．．（3）It can be inferred from the passage that________．A. a pupil can withdraw from the school as soon as his guardian gives a written noticeB. there fundable deposit should be paid after the pupil begins study in the schoolC. both the school and the guardian can determine the pupils place in the schoolD. the school’s admissi ons and entry policies remain the same all these years．【答案】BDC【考点】广告布告类阅读【解析】本文章主要讲述了某学校的招生手册的注意事项和一些家长与学生的必知项目．【解答】（1） B．细节理解题．根据文章内容，本文章主要讲述了学校的1．Admission and School Policies入学和学校政策；2． Withdrawal by Parent / Guardian 由父母或者监护人带回；3． Refundable Deposit 可还退押金；4． Fees学费；5． Termination by the school学校终止．可知，本文章主要讲述了某学校的招生手册的注意事项和一些家长与学生的必知项目．因此可以在学校招生手册的条款和条件部分看到该文章，结合选项，故选B．（2）D．推理判断题．根据文章Fee部分内容，The School reserves the right to exclude a pupil where tuition or other fees are not paid in full by the due date．学校有权将未在到期日前缴清学费或其他费用的学生排除名．结合选项，故选D．（3） C．推理判断题．根据文章Termination by the school部分内容，The school may terminate this agreement when permanent exclusion or removal is required． The School shall not take such action without good cause and full consultation with parents / guardians and the pupil． Parents / guardians have the right to appeal to the Orbital Education International Schools Development Officer on a decision to permanently exclude a pupil．当需要永久性的排除或迁移时，学校可终止本协议．未经正当理由及与家长/监护人及学生充分协商，学校不得采取此类行动．家长/监护人有权就以下决定向轨道教育国际学校发展主任提出上诉：永久排除学生．可知，学校和监护人都可以决定学生在学校的位置，结合选项，故选C．Data centres and smart﹣phones will be the most damaging information and communications technologies （ICT） to the environment by 2040, according to new research from W Booth School’s Lotfi Belkhir．At the end of winter term in 2014, Lotfi Belkhir was approached by a student taking his Total Sustainability and Management course who asked, “What does software sustainability mean? ” The Entrepreneurship and Innovation Associate Professor at the W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology didn’t have an answer．Belkhir teaches students to think creatively about sustainability tools that can be applied to their ventures． But his tools, at the time, mainly applied to hardware, not software． The student’s question inspired Belkhir’s latest research on the global emissions footprint of information and communications technology．Belkhir, along with Ahmed Elmeligi, a recent W Booth graduate and co﹣founder of HINT （Healthcare Innovation in Neuro Technology）, studied the carbon footprint of consumer devices such as smart﹣phones, laptops, tablets, desktops as well as data centres and communication networks as early as 2005． Their findings were published in the Journal of Cleaner Production．Not only did they discover that software is driving the consumption of ICI, they also found that ICI has a greater impact on emissions than we thought and most emissions come from production and operation．“For every text message, for every ﹣ phone call, every video you upload or download, there’s a data centre making this happen．” Belkhir e xplains．’ Telecommunications networks and data centres consume a lot of energy to serve you and most data centres continue to be powered by electricity produced by traditional fuels．It’sAmong all the devices, ti*ends suggest that by 2020, the most damaging devices to the environment are smart﹣phones． While smart﹣phones consume little energy to operate． 85% of their emissions impact comes from production．A smart﹣phone’s chip and motherboard （芯片牙口主板）require the most amount of energy to produce as they are made up of precious metals that are mined at ahigh cost． Smart﹣phones also have a short life which drives further production of new models and an extraordinary ﹣ amount of waste．Belkirhas made policy recommendations based on his findings．“Communication and data centres have to go under renewable energy now． The good news is Google and Facebook data centres are going to am on renewable energy． But there needs to be a policy in place so that all data centres follow． Also．It’s not sustainable to have a two﹣year plan for smart﹣phones．”（1）The story between Lotfi Belkhir and his student in 2014 was mentioned to________．A. explain the importance of software sustainabilityB. illustrate the inspiration for Belkhir’s latest researchC. reveal the damaging impact of ICT on the environmentD. show Belcher’s student’s creativity and critical thinking．（2）One reason why smart﹣phones may be the most damaging devices of all to the environment by 2020 is that________．A. they are more precious than other devicesB. they drive the greatest consumption of ICTC. they are frequently replaced by new modelsD. they need large amounts of energy to operate．（3）To reduce the emission of ICT， Lotfi Belkhir suggests that________．A. longer plans be made to create renewable data centresB. sustainable materials be invented to produce smart﹣phonesC. policies be established to advocate everlasting smart﹣phonesD. green energy be used to operate communication and data centres．（4）What is the main idea of the passage？________A. ICT does greater harm to the environment than thought．B. Software can do irreversible damage to the environment．C. Software is more damaging to the environment than hardware．D. ICT will have the greatest impact on the environment by 2040．【答案】BCDA【考点】说明文阅读科教类阅读【解析】本文章主要讲述了数据中心和智能手机将成为对环境危害最大的信息和通信技术，文章就其带来的环境危害和影响进行了阐述．【解答】（1）B．细节理解题．根据文章第四段，The student’s question inspired Belkhir’s latest research on the global emissions footprint of information and communications technology．这个学生的问题激发了Belkhir对信息和通信技术的全球排放足迹的最新研究．由此可知，文章提到Lotfi Belkhir 和他的学生是为了说明Belkhir进行他研究的灵感来源．结合选项，故选B．（2）C．细节理解题．根据文章第九段，Smart﹣phones also have a short life which drives further production of new models and an extraordinary ﹣ amount of waste．智能手机的使用寿命也很短，这就导致了新机型的进一步生产和大量的浪费．可知，智能手机之所以对环境危害大，是因为它更新速度快，会导致新的生产以及资源的浪费．结合选项，故选C．（3）D．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段，Communication and data centres have to go under renewable energy now． The good news is Google and Facebook data centres are going to am on renewable energy．通讯和数据中心现在必须进入可再生能源领域，好消息是谷歌和Facebook的数据中心将进入可再生能源领域．可知，为了减少ICT的排放，Lotfi Belkhir 建议绿色能源用于运营通信和数据中心．结合选项，故选D．（4）A．主旨大意题．根据文章第一段，Data centres and smart﹣phones will be the most damaging information and communications technologies （ICT） to the environmentby 2040 到2040年，数据中心和智能手机将成为对环境危害最大的信息和通信技术．由此本文就其带来的环境危害和影响进行了阐述，结合选项，故选A．Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that thereare two more sentences than you need.Growing Food from Air in NigeriaA group of farmers in Nigeria is using a technology﹣based method to grow crops from mist （水汽） in the air． The method， known as aeroponics， does not involve soil． Instead，plant roots hang in the air． The roots take in nutrients from a watery mist．Aeroponics is not well﹣known in Nigeria， but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular．（1）________Biochemist Samson O gbole is popularly known as Nigeria’s smart farmer． He and his team are growing crops without soil at the technology﹣based farm they started three years ago ill Abeokuta． Ogbole says they are on a campaign to end seasonal food scarcity in Nigeria．“Because we are the ones controlling everything that the plant requires， we are not depending on seasons．So it’s no longer seasonal farming． It is just farming anytimeof the year，meaning we can plant anytime of the year， and we can harvest anytime ofthe year．”（2）________ It required financing of more than ＄180，000． And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non﹣traditional method of farming． It took a lot of effort to change peopled minds about aeroponics．In Nigeria， about 30 million hectares of farmland is being used， instead of the 78.5million hectares required for food security． In the north， only 49 percent of the land is fertile， a situation that worries traditional farmers．（3）________ Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system， greatly increasing productivity．Philippines is director general of Nigeria’s National Agricultural Seeds Council． He says the government welcomes new farming methods． Ojo noted that with aeroponics， farmers can quickly increase planting materials． So， his group strongly supports the technology．The agricultural industry represents about 40 percent of Nigeria’s economy．（4）________ For now， most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity． They also need access to high﹣quality seeds to guarantee better harvests． Technologically skilled farmers like Samson Ogbole are offering a new way forward．【答案】F,A,D,B【考点】说明文七选五【解析】本文主要讲述了尼日利亚用空气种植食物．【解答】1． F 细节理解题．根据前句Aeroponics is not well﹣known in Nigeria， but farmers there are working to make the technique more popular．航空疗法在尼日利亚并不出名，但那里的农民正在努力使这项技术更受欢迎．可知后面应该是在大量土地无法修复的地方，这可能会有很大的不同．故选F．2． A 归纳总结题．根据后面It required financing of more than ＄180，000． And some people in Abeokuta were very much against this non﹣traditional method of farming． It took a lot of effort to change peopled minds about aeroponics．它需要超过18万美元的资金，而阿贝奥库塔的一些人非常反对这种非传统的耕作方法，要改变人们对航空疗法的看法需要付出很大的努力．可知此处是本段归纳总结句，但是建立航空农场并不容易．故选A．3． D 承上启下题．根据前后句In the north， only 49 percent of the land is fertile， a situation that worries traditional farmers．（3）…Nutrients for the plants are controlled by a recycling system，greatly increasing productivity．在北方，只有49%的土地是肥沃的，这种情况令传统农民担忧．植物的养分由循环系统控制，大大提高了生产力．可知然而，航空航天并不需要传统的农业劳动或大量的土地．故选D．4． B 归纳总结题．根据后句For now， most farmers lack the technical knowledge to increase productivity．目前，大多数农民缺乏提高生产力的技术知识．可知前句政府希望大幅提高这一比例．故选B．IV.Summary WritingDirections： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Giving ThanksThis is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we’re thankful for in life． Spendingthat time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special． But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years？ Gratitude is a muscle we should strengthen year﹣round to make us healthier， happier humans and leaders．Emmons， through his research， found that grateful people reported feeling healthier，both mentally and physically． Specifically， those who were grateful were 25 percent happier than those who weren’t． In the workplace， well﹣being is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn﹣out and promoting engagement． Beyond the research that shows that employees who are shown that they are appreciated arc more productive by 50 percent，caring for your employees’ well﹣being is simply the right thing to do．Providing programs that support managing life’s eve ryday challenges， offering fitness classes orimplementing flexible work schedules are just a few things that， when paired with gratitude， can lead to more productive， engaged and happier working professionals．Working in an ever﹣evolving， fast﹣paced industry， I am surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving for more and better． Gratitude challenges yon to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future． It starts by paying attention to what’s going on in your life， and that true self﹣awareness is a key ingredient to being successful in your career．Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships， both at work and in your personal life． People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create long﹣lasting connections．The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry，” but the same is true of gratitude．That’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year．【答案】We should show gratitude year﹣round as it is beneficial to both our personal and professional life．（我们应该全年都感激生活，因为它有益于我们的个人生活和职业生涯） First， it helps our physical and mental health and makes us happier， thus promoting production at work．（高分句型一）（它有助于我们身心健康，进而提升我们的工作效率） Second， it makes us more self﹣aware， which can contribute to career success．（高分句型二）（它能增强我们的自我意识，促使事业的成功） Lastly，it makes us more likely to forgive others and helps build strong relationships．（更能易于宽恕别人，培养牢固的人际关系）【考点】概要写作【解析】高分句型：1．First， it helps our physical and mental health and makes us happier， thus promoting production at work．第一，它有助于我们身心健康，进而提升我们的工作效率．本句中promoting production at work为现在分词短语作结果状语．2．Second， it makes us more self﹣aware， which can contribute to career success．第二，它能增强我们的自我意识，促使事业的成功．本句中which引导一个非限制性定语从句．【解答】We should show gratitude year﹣round as it is beneficial to both our personal and professional life．（我们应该全年都感激生活，因为它有益于我们的个人生活和职业生涯） First， it helps our physical and mental health and makes us happier， thus promoting。
2020年上海中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案
2020年上海中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWashingtonDCBusToursDC Highlights TourThis is their base tour. It begins at 10 am daily and lasts for 5 hours. This part-bus, part-walking tour includes guided stops in theUS. All of their tours include a driver as well as a tour guide, and yourtour guide will get off the bus and give you walking tours of each stop, while your bus and driver wait for you. Capitol Building, the White House, Washington Monument as well as the Lincoln and MLK Memorials and the Vietnam War and Korean War Veterans Memorials.$54—Adult I $44—Child (3—12)Discover DC TourIf you want pretty much to explore every famous monument and landmark in DC and take a 1 -hour cruise on thePotomac River, then consider the Discover DC Tour. This 6-hour tour will take you to all locations (景点) listed on their DC Highlights Tour as well as the World WarⅡMemorial, the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial, and the Thomas Jefferson Memorial.TIP: If you are planning on visiting NYC, you will get 30% off the Discover NYC Tour (normally $100) if you buy it at the same time as your Discover DC Tour.$74—Adult I $54—Child (3—12)VIP ExclusiveWashingtonDCCity TourThis 8-hour tour is actually the Discover DC Tour above with a VIP add-on at the beginning and the end. You * 11 meet your guide early for reserved (预留)tickets to tour inside the US Capitol Building. The 45 -minute tour and film have reserved tickets so you don't have to worry about it being sold out. After your day of sightseeing, you 'll be dropped off at the National Archives, again with reserved time tickets so you don't have to worry about waiting in line.$125 for Adults and ChildrenSkyview Changeable Bus TourOn this changeable mini bus, you get to experience a guided tour with panoramic views (全景)without theglare of a window in the photos! A guided bus tour takes you not only through all locations listed on the DC Highlights Tour, but also Old Town Alexandria andNationalHarbor.$69—Adult I $59—Child (3—12)Time: 9 am—4 pm1. What's special about the DC Highlights Tour?A. It uses mini buses.B. It has the fewest locations.C. It has the most tour guides.D. It provides reserved tickets.2. How much should a man pay if he buys the Discover DC Tour and the Discover NYC Tour at the same time?A. $128.B. $174.C. $104.D. $144.3. Which tour lasts the longest?A. DC Highlights Tour.B. Discover DC Tour.C. VIP ExclusiveWashingtonDCCity Tour.D. Skyview Changeable Bus Tour.BTen years ago, I set out to examine luck. I wanted to know why some people were always in the right place at the right time, while others consistently experienced ill fortune. I placed advertisements in national newspapers asking for people who felt consistently lucky or unlucky. Hundreds of extraordinary men and women volunteered for my research. Over the years I have interviewed them, monitored their lives and had them take part in various experiments.In one of the experiments, I gave both lucky and unlucky people a newspaper, asking them to look through it and tell me how many photographs were inside. I had secretly placed a large message halfway through the newspaper, saying, “Tell the experimenter you have seen this and you will win $50.” This message took up half of the page and was written in type that was more than two inches high. It was staring everyone in the face, but the unlucky people tended to miss it and the lucky people tended to spot it.Unlucky people are generally more nervous than lucky people, and this anxiety affects their ability to notice the unexpected. As a result, they miss opportunities because they are too focused on looking for something else. They go to gatherings concentrating on finding their perfect partners and miss opportunities to make good friends. They look through newspapers determined to find certain types of job advertisements and miss other types of jobs.Lucky people are more relaxed and open, and therefore see what is there rather than just what they are looking for. My research eventually showed that lucky people are skilled at noticing opportunities, make luckydecisions by listening to their intuition (直觉), are open to new experiences, and adopt a never-say-die attitude that transforms bad luck into good luck.4. What’s the purpose of the author’s research?A. To discover what luck means to people.B. To find lucky people and unlucky people.C. To distinguish between good luck and bad luck.D. To figure out why people are always lucky or unlucky.5. Why did the unlucky people miss the message in the experiment?A. There was too much information to be read in detail.B. They were too focused on looking for photographs.C. It took too much time to go through newspapers.D. The words were too small to be noticed.6. What leads to lucky people’s good fortune?A. Their ability to spot opportunities.B. Their ability to become relaxed.C. Their ability to communicate.D. Their ability to make friends.7. What’s the key message of the last paragraph?A. What lucky people are looking for.B. How lucky people generate good luck.C. What lucky people can do with opportunities.D How lucky people transform bad luck into good luck.CIf you ever find yourself trapped in the wilderness without food, you'llhave to figure out how to feed yourself. Many plants in the wild areedible, but many are also poisonous. So it is necessary to learn how to determine whether the plants you find can be eaten safely.Avoid using this method without careful planning. Some plants can be deadly, and even if you follow these guidelines perfectly, there is always a chance that a plant will make you seriously ill. Prepare yourself for wilderness outings by learning about the local plants, and carry a guidebook to help you identify plants. Even if you are unprepared and cannot find food you know to be safe, remember that, depending on your activity level, the human body can go for days without food, and you’re better off being hungry than being poisoned.Testing the plant in your mouth is dangerous, so go forward very slowly and carefully. First, hold a smallportion of the prepared plant part against your lip for 3 minutes. Do not put the plant in your mouth. If you notice any burning, tingling (刺痛), or other reactions, discontinue testing. Second, place another small portion of the plant part on your tongue. Hold the plant on your tongue without chewing for 15 minutes. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Third, chew the plant and holdit in your mouth for 15 minutes. Chew the plant well, and do not swallow. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Fourth, swallow the small portion of the plant. Wait 8 hours. Do not eat or drink anything during this period except purified water. If you feel sick, immediately throw up what you eat and drink plenty of water. If activated charcoal (活性炭) is available, take that with the water.8. What’s the meaning of the underlined world “edible” in paragraph 1?A. Suitable for using as food.B. Widely spread.C. Existing in large quantities.D. Not widely known.9. What can we know from paragraph 2?A. Planning is unnecessary when using the method.B. Not all plants in the wild can serve as food generally.C. Suffering hunger can be more dangerous than testing plants.D. Following the method perfectly can ensure safety.10. Which is the correct order of testing plants in the mouth?① wait and see ② chew it in the mouth③ put it on the tongue④ put it against lips ⑤ swallow itA. ③④②①⑤B. ④③②①⑤C. ③④②⑤①D.④③②⑤①11. Where might the passage come from?A. A student’s diary.B. A science report.C. A guide book for camping.D. A doctor’ s notebook.DI was at the hardware store the other day and overheard a woman tell Ed., the manager, that fall was her favorite time of year. Ed., because he liked to keep his customers happy, agreed that fall was a wonderful season, but I could tell he was lying.I was going through my mind recently, trying to find sweet memories of fall. I failed. I met my wife in the summer and married her two summers later. My sons were born in the winter and summer, my granddaughter inthe winter. I’ve been fried twice in my life, both in fall. One October, a truck carrying tofu ran a red light and hit me, destroying my favorite car, combining the three things I most hate - trucks, tofu and October.I'm not saying fall is without its attractions. The leavesare beautiful. But fall's vacillation (立场摇摆)is troubling, its effort (努力)to please everyone, its continuous search for the middle ground to be all things to all people. Say what you will about summer and winter, at least they have the courage to keep their opinions strong, even if they kill us with extreme heat or cold.I recently read a story of a man coming out of a three-month coma (昏迷). It started in early fall and ended just as winter came. I hope if I were ever in a coma I would be just as lucky as the man.Upon my awakening, one of my families who stood around my bed would ask. "Don't you remember anything from the past three months?""Not the first thing," I would happily report.If I ever have enough money. I'm going to buy a second home inAustralia, so that when fall starts here, I can move there for three months, just when spring is starting.12. What did Ed think of the customers words according to the author?A. Ed understood them and supported the customer completely.B. Ed might hold a different opinion on the topic.C. Ed believed the customer wasn't telling the truth.D. Ed thought they stood for most peoples' opinion.13. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A.The author has a big and loving family.B. The author is having a hard time at work.C. It is important to follow the rules of the road.D. Nothing good has happened to the author in fall.14. Why does the author say the man in Paragraph 4 was lucky?A. Because he slept fall away.B. Because he ho sweet memories of fall.C. Because hedreamed of fill many times.D. Because he was met by his family when waking up.15. Which of the following does the author most want to do?A. Drivetracks.B. Eat tofu dishes.C. Watch leaves falling in fall.D. Move toAustraliain October.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市杨浦区高考英语一模试卷Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Killer RabbitsYou’d never think of rabbits as dreadful， destructive creatures， would you？ Rabbits are cute and love﹣able． However， Australians discovered （1）________ harm these cute creatures can do the hard way．Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1788 as food animals． By 1827， they were running around large estates， and in 1859， disaster struck． A man released 12 wild rabbits onto his property for hunting and he （2）________ have thought that was harmless fun． But Australia has no predators（捕食者）（3）________ （adapt） to killing rabbits and none of the diseases that kept their populations （4）________ control in Europe． The loose rabbits bred like， well， rabbits， and began to take over the countryside． Within a few decades， there were millions． By 1950， there were 600 million rabbits in Australia．Six hundred million hungry rabbits could do real harm． They caused more damage than any other species introduced to the continent． They ate native plant species （5）________ they disappeared． They competed for food and shelter with native animals． they caused the extinction or endangerment of numerous plant and animal species． And they were a nightmare for cattle and sheep farmers，（6）________ animals could n’t get enough grass to eat and starved．The rabbits did some good， of course． They provided food for poor families． They supported fur industries． But their impact on the environment and major livestock economy was too negative （7）________（ignore）． People tried trapping them． They even built a huge wall against them． But （8）________（effective） weapon was a virus．（9）________（test） multiple times， the deadly myxoma virus was released on Australia’s rabbits in 1950． The virus had been developed very carefully to affect only rabbits． Nearly 100 percent of the rabbits who caught the disease （10）________（die）．Populations fell． It was a huge success． Cattle and sheep farming recovered gradually， and threatened plants were better protected． Eventually， rabbits became resistant to the virus．【答案】What,must,adapted,under,until,whose,to be ignored,the most effective,Having been tested,died【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】你永远不会认为兔子是可怕的、破坏性的生物．然而，澳大利亚人发现这些可爱的动物造成的伤害比任何其他引入的物种都要大．【解答】（1）What．考查宾语从句．引导宾语从句harm these cute creatures can do the hard way，做从句的定语，用What．（2）must．考查情态动词．本句表示“他一定认为这是无害的乐趣”，所以表示“肯定做过某事”，用must have done，所以答案是must．（3）adapted．考查非谓语动词．做 predators的定语，表示被动关系，用过去分词adapted．（4）under．考查固定短语．表示“被控制”，用固定短语 under control，所以答案是under．（5）until．考查连词．引导时间状语从句 they disappeared，表示“直到”，用连词until．（6）whose．考查定语从句．代指先行词farmers，做定语从句animals couldn’t get enough grass to eat and starved的定语，用关系词whose．（7）to be ignored．考查动词不定式．做 was too negative 的补语，表示“太而不能” ，用动词不定式，表示“被忽视”，用to be ignored．（8）the．考查冠词．修饰形容词的最高级 most effective ，用定冠词the．（9）Having been tested．考查谓语动词．做时间状语，发生在谓语动词was released之前，用现在分词的完成式Having been tested．（10）died．考查谓语动词．根据上下句可知用一般过去时态，所以谓语动词用过去式died．Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Bottle Found at Sea Used for Scientific PurposeCombing the beach for shells， sea glass， or colorful rocks is a leisure activity enjoyed by many． Some even use metal detectors to find buried treasure or other objects． Only the lucky few have （1）_______ a message in a bottle that was dropped off by the tide． The tradition of putting a letter to an unknown recipient into a bottle and throwing it into the ocean has an interesting past． An early （2）_______ use for the practice was revealed when the oldest recorded message in a bottle was found by Tonya on a beach near Wedge Island， Australia．Tonya was on a family outing when she noticed the antique glass bottle in the sand and thought it would make a nice （3）_______． While she was cleaning the sandy gin bottle，a rolled up paper tied with a （4）_______ fell out． The damp page was a message written in German and dated June 12， 1886． According to official documents from the German sailing vessels， Paula， a crew member tossed the bottle overboard a（n）（5）_______ 950 km off the coast of Western Australia． Further research authenticated（验证）the letter， which had been sent afloat 132 years ago and is the oldest message in a bottle ever （6）_______．Historians confirm that thousands of similar bottles were cast overboard by German ships between 1864 and 1933． And （7）_______ inside were official documents written by the captain of the ship，（8）_______ routes， coordinates， and other information． These early messages in a bottle were an attempt by the German Naval Observatory to map ocean （9）_______ around the world．On the back of the notes were （10）_______ to write the time and place the bottles were found and return them to the German Naval Observatory in Hamburg or the nearest German authorities． Using this information for reference was an early system of studying patternsin nature and the vast ocean in particular．【答案】H,E,K,A,I,G,B,D,F,J【考点】选词填空【解析】本文讲述托尼娅在一次家庭郊游时，注意到沙子里有一个古董玻璃瓶，里面有小纸条，研究证实了这封132年前从海上发出的信，这是有史以来最古老的一封信．．瓶子里装的是船长写的官方文件，详细说明了路线、坐标和其他信息．这些瓶子里的早期信息是德国海军的一次尝试天文台绘制洋流图．【解答】（1） H ，考查句意，根据句意" 只有少数幸运的人在一个被潮水抛下的瓶子里遇到了一条信息．“，可知要填的词为” encountered遇到"．（2） E ，考查句意，根据句意" 当托尼娅在澳大利亚威奇岛附近的海滩上发现瓶子里最古老的记录信息时，这种做法的早期科学用途被揭示出来．“，可知要填的词为” scientific 科学的"．（3） K ，考查句意，根据句意" 托尼娅正在一次家庭郊游时，她注意到沙子里有一个古董玻璃瓶，她想这会是一个很好的装饰“，可知要填的词为” decoration 装饰"．（4） A ，考查句意，根据句意" 当她在清洗桑迪杜松子酒瓶子时，一张用绳子绑着的卷起的纸掉了出来．“，可知要填的词为”string绳子 "．（5） I ，考查句意，根据句意" 保拉，一名船员把瓶子扔到离西澳大利亚海岸大约950公里的地方“，可知要填的词为” estimated估计 "．（6） G ，考查句意，根据句意“进一步的研究证实了这封信，这封信是132年前在海上发出的，是迄今为止发现的瓶子里最古老的信息”，可知要填的词为“recovered 追回”．（7） B ，考查句意，根据句意" 里面有船长写的官方文件，详细说明了航线、坐标和其他信息．“，可知要填的词为” contained 包含 "．（8） D ，考查句意，根据句意“里面有船长写的官方文件，详细说明了航线、坐标和其他信息．”，可知要填的词为“detailing 详细说明”．（9） F ，考查句意，根据句意“这些早期的信息是德国海军天文台试图绘制世界各地洋流的地图．”，可知要填的词为" currents洋流 "．（10） J ，考查句意，根据句意" 纸条背面写着发现瓶子的时间和地点，并将它们送回汉堡的德国海军天文台或最近的德国当局“，可知要填的词为” instructions 说明"．III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self﹣criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match．"I’m at peak （1）_______ and I practise hard． How is this happening? " This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to （2）_______ the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work．I study and write about resilience （复原力）, and I’m noticing a（n）（3）_______ increase in students like this athlete． When they win, they feel powerful andsmart． When they fall short of what they imagine they should （4）_______, however, they are crushed by self﹣blame．We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from （5）_______． But there is something else at play among the mostadvantaged in particular: a （6）_______ promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it．Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind﹣set” research, which has found that praising children for （7）_______ will increase academic performance． Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind﹣set education has spread across classrooms worldwide． But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not （8）_______ help everyone．One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressure﹣cooker communities, "It is not a （9）_______ of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem．（10）_______, it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top．" This can （11）_______ physical and emotional stress． In a 2007 study, psychologists Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the （12）_______ goals showed elevated levels of CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation （炎症） linked to diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions．The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail． This knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination （歧视）and inequality teaches them to （13）_______ what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change． Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup．Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what （14）_______ inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are． We should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least （15）_______ it．It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest．（1）A.coolnessB.fitnessC.goodnessD.readiness（2）A.controlB.changeC.adjustD.celebrate（3）A.amusingB.inspiringC.troublingD.touching（4）A.applyB.approveC.appreciateD.accomplish（5）A.disbeliefB.disagreementC.discoveryD.discomfort（6）A.brightB.falseC.generalD.flexible（7）A.virtueB.abilityC.effortD.status（8）A.originallyB.obviouslyC.necessarilyD.regularly（9）A.choicemandC.displayck（10）A.insteadB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.However（11）A.result fromB.apply forC.associate withD.lead to（12）A.ImmoralB.impersonalC.impossibleD.impolite（13）A.challengeB.acceptC.assessD.inquire（14）A.plainlyB.probablyC.immediatelyD.actually（15）A.exhibitB.expectC.establishD.recognize【答案】BACDDBCCDADCBDB【考点】社会文化【解析】本文是一项研究结果．该研究发现，表扬孩子的努力会提高学习成绩．但并不一定对每个人都有帮助．我们应该明智提醒我们的孩子，当我们最不期待的时候，生活总有让我们失望的地方，往往是那些学会说“事情总会发生”的人起得最快．【解答】（1）B 考查名词．A． coolness冷静； B． fitness健康； C． goodness善良；D． readiness准备；我正处于最佳状态，我努力练习．故选B．（2）A 考查动词．A． control控制； B． change改变； C． adjust调整；D． celebrate庆祝；这个学生和我教过的许多人一样，相信她应该能够凭借自己的努力控制自己生活的结果．故选A．（3）C 考查形容词．A． amusing有趣的； B． inspiring令人鼓舞的； C． troubling有麻烦的； D． touching令人感动的；我研究并撰写关于弹性的文章，我注意到像这位运动员这样的学生有了令人不安的增长．故选C．（4）D 考查动词．A． apply申请； B． approve赞成； C． appreciate感激；D． accomplish完成；当他们达不到他们认为应该完成的目标时，他们却被自责压得喘不过气来．根据下一句“however， they are crushed by self﹣blame．”可知他们达不到他们认为应该完成的目标时会自责．故选D．（5）D 考查名词．A． disbelief不相信； B． disagreement不同意； C． discovery发现； D． discomfort不适；我们经常谈论年轻人与失败作斗争，因为他们的父母保护他们不受不适之苦．根据" their parents have protected them "可知他们过得很舒适．故选D．（6）B 考查形容词．A． bright聪明的； B． false假的； C． general大体上；D．flexible灵活的；但在最有利的人中，还有其他的东西在起作用：一个虚假的承诺，如果他们愿意为之工作，他们可以实现任何事．根据下一句" they can achieve anythingif they are willing to work for it．"可知这是一个善意的谎言．故选B．（7）C 考查名词．A． virtue优点； B． ability能力； C． effort努力； D． status地位；心理学家将这一现象归咎于“思维定势”研究的误用，该研究发现，表扬孩子的努力会提高学习成绩．根据下一句“But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work ”可知是表扬孩子的努力会提高学习成绩．故选C．（8）C 考查副词．A． originally原来； B． obviously显然； C． necessarily必然；D． regularly有规律；但2018年的一项分析发现，虽然表扬努力工作超过能力可能有利于经济条件差的学生，但这并不一定能帮助所有人．根据前后的转折关系，可知并不一定．故选C．（9）D 考查名词．A． choice选择； B． command要求； C． display展示； D． lack缺少；最大的问题并不是缺乏动力和毅力，而是不健康的完美主义，以及当他们应该放弃的时候很难放弃，当他们强烈的追求成就是最重要的．故选D．（10）A 考查副词．A． instead而是； B． Otherwise否则； C． Therefore因此；D． However然而；最大的问题并不是缺乏动力和毅力，而是不健康的完美主义，以及当他们应该放弃的时候很难放弃，当他们强烈的追求成就是最重要的．故选A．（11）D 考查动词．A． result from由于； B． apply for申请； C． associate with与…交往，联系； D． lead to导致；这会导致生理和情绪压力．根据“physical and emotional stress”可知“lead to ”符合．故选D．（12）C 考查形容词．A． Immoral不道德的；B． impersonal非个人的；C． impossible不可能的； D． impolite不礼貌的；拒绝放弃不可能的目标的青春期女孩表现出 c 反应蛋白水平升高，故选C．（13）B 考查动词．A． challenge挑战； B． accept接受； C． assess评估；D．inquire询问；这一知识很早就来到了代表性不足的少数群体，他们的歧视和不平等经历教会他们接受目前在很大程度上超出他们控制的改变．故选B．（14）D 考查副词．A．plainly显然是；B．probably可能是；C．immediately立刻；D．actually实际上；他们如何为他人表现比真正激励他们的东西更重要，他们上哪所大学比他们是什么样的人更重要．故选D．（15）B 考查动词．A． exhibit展览；展出； B． expect预料； C． establish建立；D．recognize辨认出；我们应该明智提醒我们的孩子，当我们最不期待的时候，生活总有让我们失望的地方，往往是那些学会说“事情总会发生”的人起得最快．故选B．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）David Miles, an Australian inventor has been accused of cheating desperate farmers by charging up to ﹩50, 000 Australian dollars for delivering rain on demand without so much as explaining the technology behind his business．On the official Miles Research website, Miles explains that in the 1990’s he realized that it was possible to i nfluence weather patterns by creating a bridge between ‘the present’ and a ‘near﹣future event’ in the physical space﹣time continuum． He found that by applying small amounts of energy intelligently, even a large, messy weather system approaching from the future could be eased．While somewhat fascinating, Miles’ explanation does little to explain how he is able to bring rainfall to the lands of farmers． He makes references to famous but debatable concepts like “the butterfly effect”．“We were advised a gainst patenting because ifs basically exposing how it works． There are a lot of big companies that invest in hunting out patents, ” Miles said “I understand the doubts, the only other way is to fully prove up our science and physics． If we did that, we’l l lose it, it will be taken up as a national security interest and it’ll then be weaponized．”Miles’ claims raised suspicions for obvious reasons, including a since﹣deleted section of his company website, which claimed that his technology used “elec tromagnetic scalar waves”,which scientists say don’t even exist．The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission （ACCC） has warned people against doing business with him, but the Australian inventor claims the ACCC is only trying to defame him and his company, as in reality they are success based ﹣if it doesn’train, they don’t get paid．“Consumers signed the agreement that if by the end of June they receive 100mm, they pay ﹩50, 000, if they only receive 50mm, they would only pay ﹩25, 000． Anything under half, we don’t want to be paid,” Miles said of a handful of Wimmera farmers who agreed to take him up on his offer to deliver rain．Believe it or not, one of the farmers who paid David Miles for his so﹣called rain﹣making capabilities told ABC Radio that he was quite happy with the results．（1）David Miles claims to be capable of________．A.influencing the weather systemB.predicting the future eventsC.reducing the atmospheric temperatureD.easing the gravitational energy．（2）ACCC issued warning against doing business with Miles because________．A.he charged too much for the services providedB.there was no solid science to hack up his technologyC.D.he didn’t officially patent his technology with ACC（3）According to Miles，how much will be paid if the farmers receive 15mm of rain？________A.﹩50，000．B.﹩25，000．C.﹩12，500．D.﹩0．．（4）What can be inferred from the passage？________es needed safer facilities for his business．es brought about good crops as expected．es wasn’t discouraged by the critics．es was arrested by the local police．【答案】ABDC【考点】故事类阅读记叙文阅读【解析】本文为记叙文．澳大利亚发明家戴维•迈尔斯声称使用“电磁标量波”技术能够影响天气系统，但科学家们说这些电磁波根本不存在，ACCC发出警告，禁止农民与迈尔斯做生意，但是仍然有人愿意支付酬金接受他提供的降雨．【解答】（1）A．细节理解题．根据第二段迈尔斯的解释：it was possible to influence weather patterns by creating a bridge between ‘the present’ and a ‘near﹣future event’ in the physical space﹣time continuum（在物理时空连续体中，通过在“当前”和“近期事件”之间建立一座桥梁，有可能影响天气模式），可以推知，A项“迈尔斯声称能够影响天气系统”符合原文．故选A．（2）B．细节理解题．根据第四段Miles’ claims raised suspicions for obvious reasons，including a since﹣deleted section of his company website， which claimed that his technology used “electromagnetic scalar waves”，which scientists say don’t even exist（迈尔斯的声明引起了怀疑，原因很明显，包括他公司网站的一个被删除的部分，声称他的技术使用了“电磁标量波”，科学家们说这些电磁波根本不存在），由此可知，ACCC发出警告，禁止与迈尔斯做生意，是因为没有可靠的科学来证实他的技术．选项B正确．故选B．（3）D．细节理解题．倒数第二段Consumers signed the agreement that if by the end of June they receive 100mm， they pay ﹩50，000， if they only receive 50mm， they would only pay ﹩25，000． Anything under half，we don’t want to be paid（消费者签署的协议是，如果在6月底前他们他们得到100毫米雨，他们要支付5万英镑，如果他们只收到50毫米雨，他们只支付2.5万英镑．任何低于一半的，我们都不会要报酬），由此可知，如果农民只得到15毫米雨，按照协议，低于一半的量是不需要支付酬金的，故选D．（4）C．推理判断题．在倒数第三段中，针对ACCC发出的警告，the Australian inventor claims the ACCC is only trying to defame him and his company， as in reality they are success based（这位澳大利亚发明家声称，ACCC只是想诋毁他和他的公司，因为事实上他们是以成功为基础的），在倒数第二段中，Miles said of a handful of Wimmera farmers who agreed to take him up on his offer to deliver rain（迈尔斯说，有几个维默拉农民同意接受他提供的降雨），由此可知推知，迈尔斯并没有因为反对者们的批评而气馁．C项正确．故选C．Call now to speak to a friendly representative（888）551﹣3466For Curved & Straight Stairs | 7﹣Day Money Back Guarantee | Rentals AvailableAt Stannah, we are committed to providing our customers with the safest, more reliable stair﹣lifts and the most generous assurance among stairlift provider, for value that can’t be beaten． Let us create a custom stair﹣lift solution for your needs．Call to find a local showroom!Our customers love us! 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Your stairlift comes standard with a powered footrest and an easily folded seat for a slimline profile and unobstructed access for others．♦Can / get help paying for my stairlift?Because Medicare and insurance doesn’t pay for stair﹣lifts, we offer a range of models at different prices, and payment options include rental．Call today to schedule your in﹣home stairs assessment1 Call to schedule your free﹣in﹣home assessment with an expert advisor．2 Select the Stannah stairlift that best meets your needs．3 Install your new stairlift in hours． Our professional technicians will work diligently to provide you with a safe lift you can rely on☑ We offer rapid response scheduling and installation at no additional charge!（1）To have a Stannah stairlift installed， one needs to________．A.remodel one’s living roomB. schedule an in﹣home assessmentC. ensure constant power supplyD. order a special stairway．（2）Jenny may use the Coupon（优惠券）to save some money only if she________．A.rents the model advertised on Boston GlobeB.pays for the Stannah model which is on saleC.purchases one brand new Stannah stairliftD.publishes post﹣sale reviews on Trust﹣pilot．（3）Which statement is TRUE about Stannah stair﹣lift mentioned in the advertisement？________A.It promises to regularly check on the old people who live independently．B.It can be installed easily by following instructions in the brochure．C.It provides fast and free repair services by professional technicians．D.It offers an alternative to old people who don’t want to be re located．．【答案】CAD【考点】应用文阅读广告布告类阅读【解析】本文属于广告布告类的短文阅读．主要介绍的就是一类设计科学便利的楼梯的安装情况及便利之处．【解答】（1） C．细节理解题．根据安装说明中的信息Powered by a constant trickle charge battery for operation even in a power failure可知，该楼梯是通过持续的供电电池来运作的，所以安装时只需要不断的电力供应即可，不需要改变室内的布局、评估室内的设施以及订购特殊的楼梯灯；故选C．（2） A．细节理解题．根据右边圆圈中的 Coupon Mention Boston Globe & gets $200可知，可以在Boston Globe 使用优惠券，故选A．（3） B．推理判断题．根据第七段中的安装指示Stannah stair﹣lifts are an exceptional choice for those desiring to age gracefully at home．可知，对于不想改变室内设施情况的老年人可以提供替换的策略；故选D．How and why, roughly 2 million years ago, early human ancestors evolved large brains and began fashioning relatively advanced stone tools, is one of the great mysteries of evolution． Some researchers argue these changes were brought about by the invention of cooking． They point out that our bite weakened around the same time as our larger brains evolved, and that it takes less energy to absorb nutrients from cooked food． As a result, once they had mastered the art, early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the resulting energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought． There is, however, a problem with the cooking theory． Most archaeologists （考古学家）believe the evidence of controlled fire stretches back no more than 790, 000 years．Roger Summons of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a solution． Together with his team, he analyzed 1.7 million﹣year﹣old sand﹣stones that formed in an ancient river at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania． The region is famous for the large number of human fossils （化石） that have been discovered there, alongside an impressive assembly of stone tools． The sand﹣stones themselves have previously yielded some of the world’s earliest complex hand axes ﹣ large tear﹣drop﹣shaped stone tools that are associated with Homo erectus （直立人）． Creating an axe by repeatedly knocking thin pieces off a raw stone in order to create two sharp cutting edges requires a significant amount of planning． Their appearance is therefore thought to mark an important moment in intellectual evolution． Trapped inside the Olduvai sand﹣stones, the researchers found distinctive but unusual biological molecules（分子）that are often interpreted as biomarkers for heat﹣tolerant bacteria． Some of these live in water between 85°C and 95°C．The molecules’ presence suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge w as once fed by one or more hot springs．Dr． Summons and his colleagues say the hot springs would have provided a convenient “pre﹣fire” means of cooking food． In New Zealand, the Maori have traditionally cooked food in hot springs, either by lowering it into the boiling water or by digging a hole in the hot earth． Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland, so it is ________, if difficult to prove, that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots． Richard Wrangham, who devised the cooking theory, is fascinated by the idea． Nonetheless, fire would have offered a distinct advantage to humans, once they had mastered the art of controlling it since, unlike a hot spring, it is a transportable resource．（1）All of the following statements can support the cooking theory EXCEPT________．A.cooking enabled early humans to invest less in digestive systemB.cooking enabled early humans to devote more energy to building big brainsC.our brain became larger around the same time our digestive system weakenedD.the controlled fire wasn’t mastered until about 790，000 years ago．（2）The presence of biological molecules was important because________．A.they suggested a possible means of cooking without fireB.they cast light on how early Homo erectus livedC.they provided a convenient way of studying stone toolsD.they made studies of pre﹣historic cultures possible．（3）The underlined word “plausible” probably means________．A. noticeableB. applicableC. reasonableD. affordable．（4）What may be the conclusion of the study by Dr． Summons and his colleague？________A.Early humans were capable of making complex stone tools．B.Hot springs help explain how human brains got so big．C.Homo erectus were adaptable to tough and complex territories．D.Human brains are highly advanced as shown by their size．【答案】CACB【考点】议论文阅读社会文化类阅读【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了早期人类祖先是如何和为什么进化出巨大的大脑并开始制造相对先进的石器的，这是进化的一大谜团．【解答】（1）C．细节理解题．根据文章第一段As a result， once they had mastered the art，early chefs could invest less in their digestive systems and thus invest the resulting energy savings in building larger brains capable of complex thought． There is， however， a problem with the cooking theory． Most archaeologists （考古学家）believe the evidence of controlled fire stretches back no more than 790，000 years．结果，一旦他们掌握了这门艺术，早期的厨师可以减少对他们的消化系统的投资，从而将节省下来的能量投入到能够进行复杂思维的更大的大脑中．然而，烹饪理论存在问题．大多数考古学家（考古学家）相信控制火的证据可以追溯到790，000年以前．可知我们的大脑在消化系统衰弱的同时变大了没有被证实；故选C．（2）C．细节理解题．根据文章第二段Some of these live in water between 85°C and 95°C．The molecules’ presence suggests that an ancient river within the Gorge was once fed by one or more hot springs其中一些生活在85°C至95°C之间的水中．分子的存在表明，峡谷内的一条古老河流曾经被一个或多个温泉所喂养；可知生物分子的存在是很重要的，因为他们提出了一种可能的无火烹调方法；故选C．（3）A．细节理解题．根据文章第三段 Similar methods exist in Japan and Iceland， so it is plausible， if difficult to prove， that early humans might have used hot springs to cook meat and roots．在日本和冰岛也有类似的方法，所以如果很难证明，早期的人类可能用温泉煮肉和根，这是可行的．可知意为合理的；故选A．（4）B．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段Dr． Summons and his colleagues say the hot spring s would have provided a convenient “pre﹣fire” means of cooking food．可知传票博士和他的同事的研究结论可能是温泉有助于解释人类大脑是如何变得如此巨大的；故选BSection CDirections： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Slower Walkers Have Slower Minds， Scientists RevealOf all human activities， few are so readily credited with enhancing the power of the mind as going for a good walk． However， those who assume that strolling along at a gentle pace is the symbol of superior intellect should think again， scientists have said．（1）________Doctors have long used walking speed to gain a quick and reliable understanding of older peopled mental capability， as it is increasingly recognized that pace is associated with not only muscular strength but also the central nervous system．（2）________ The relationship was so obvious， however， that the US scientists now say walking tests could be used to provide an early indication of dementia（痴呆）．Published in the Journal of the American Medical Association， the study revealed an average difference of 16 IQ points between the slowest and the fastest walkers at the age of 45，This reflected both the participants’ natural walking speed and the pace they achieved when asked lo walk as fast as they could．（3）________ Actually， slower walkers were shown to have "speeded aging’’ on a 19﹣measure scale devised by researchers， and their lungs， teeth and immune systems tended to be in worse shape than the people who walked faster．The 904 New Zealand men and women who were tested at 45 were tracked from the age of three， each undergoing multiple tests over the years． The long﹣term data collection enabled researchers to establish that kids with lower IQ scores， lower linguistic ability and weaker emotional control tended to have slower walking speeds by middle age．（4）________The research team said genetic factors may explain the link between walking speed， brain capacity and physical health or that better brain health might promote physical activity，leading to better walking speed． Some of the differences in health and intellect may be the result of lifestyle choices individuals have made．【答案】C,A,G,D【考点】。
2020年上海市高考英语第一次模拟试题与答案
2020年上海市高考英语第一次模拟试题与答案本试卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等信息填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节20小题；，满分30分) （略）第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AMy First Day of SchoolFear started taking over, I was walking into my first school in America. I had traveled a long distance from India in order to join my parents, who had been for three years, hoping America would help my future. My father decided that I would be better off going to school here, so I enrolled(登记)in the local high school in my new town.I was afraid how I would do. On the first day, I went to my second period class after I had missed my first. With anxiety, I reached for the door, opening it slowly. Without paying attention to my classmates, I went straight to the teacher and asked if this was the right class. With a soft voice he answered. “Yes.” His voice comforted me a little. He gave me a sheet called Course Requirements, which I would never get in India because we didn’t have anything like that. Then he asked me to choose where I would sit. I didn’t actually want to pick a seat. In India we had fixed seats, so I never needed to worry about that. I spent the rest of the class taking notes from the image produced by the overhead projector. In Indian schools, we didn’t use the technology we had. We had to take notes as the teacher spoke.It was noon. I was very confused about when I would have lunch. I went to my next class and the bell rang as I entered. I went through the regular process of asking the teacher if I was in the right class. She said, “It’s still fourth period.”“But the bell just rang,” I said.Changing from a gentle tone to a harsher(刺耳的)one, she said, “That is the lunch bell, young man.”I apologized. Without another word I headed for the cafeteria. I felt lucky because we didn’t have this in India. Every confusion seemed like a barrier I had to get through to reach my goal. At the end of the day, I was on my way to the bus which we didn’t have in India either. I spotted my bus and sat down inside happily. I was thinking, today wasn’t o bad.21. The author attended an American high school because _______.A. his father preferred American schoolsB. his family wanted him to have a bright futureC. his mother had worked in it for 3 yearsD. he had been longing to leave his homeland22. What do we know about the author's first day of school?A. He went to the wrong class for the second periodB. He met some enthusiastic teachers and classmatesC. He got the Course Requirements sheet from his classmateD. He experienced differences from the Indian schools in many ways23. How did the author feel at the end of the day?A. WorriedB. PuzzledC. RelievedD. ExcitedBRecently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone, news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey on thousands of people caught my eyes. We saw many unfortunate events. However, there were also the bright news that confirmed the goodness of mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many human interesting stories during my career. That's why the story about the guys in the bakery caught my eyes.When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didn't sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply tobake bread. They used more than 4,200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that we took the loaves to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Independent，“Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel _forlorn_. Instead，we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”24. What did the bakery store workers do after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey?A. They volunteered to make bread for their community.B. They managed to live by selling more bread in the store.C. They felt sorry that they couldn't escape from the store.D. They ate nothing but to wait for their community to rescue them.25. Which of the following best explains“forlorn”underlined in the last paragraph?A. Fortunate.B. Hopeful.C. Shallow.D. Desperate.26. What can we infer from the text?A. Alvarado organized his workers to bake much bread.B. Hurricane Harvey caused a power failure in Houston.C. The staff in the bakery sent enough flour to emergency centers.D. The author preferred to write stories about people facing disasters.27. What can be the best title for the text?A. A Popular Mexican Bakery Chain in HoustonB. Wait for the Eventual Rescue in a Big DisasterC. All Kinds of Disasters Caused by Hurricane Harvey in HoustonD. Bake Bread to Make a Difference in Face of Hurricane HarveyCJohn George, 60, remembers that he lived a wonderful life in the Detroit neighborhood where he grew up. “We knew all our neighbors.” George told Detroit's Metro Times. “On Christmas Eve, we'd all go to midnight Mass, and there'd be 300 people in our house at one o’clock to about five in the morning. The folks were just really good, hardworking people. ”By the'80s, however, the old neighborhood changed. Due in part to economic downturns and drug abuse, well -kept homes had been abandoned and kindly neighbors had fled to the suburbs(郊区). But not George. “Living in any city, it’s like being in a relationship,” he told Reader’s Digest. “Some days are better than others. But it was my home. And when I saw it becoming worse, I had two choices: I could leave, or I could stay and fight. I chose the latter.”When the abandoned home behind his turned into a worn-out place, the father of two grabbed some boards and nails and began boarding up the house. After two neighbors stopped to ask what he was doing, they decided to help, with great results.That's how it all got started. In the 30 years since that first home rescue, an army of approximately 182,000 volunteers, along with private donors, has helped George pull down around 300 abandoned homes, mainly in die poorer Northwest area of Detroit. They've also secured 400 - some homes by boarding them up. They've painted and repaired nearly 900 homes and built over 100 from scratch. According to Forbes, more than 1,000 Detroiters have been housed as a result of their work.And there's Halloween. In Detroit, October 30 was known as Devil's Night, a period when all hell break loose in the form of crime and vandalism (破坏公物). In response, George created a citizens'patrol(巡逻)that would take to the streets, keeping an eye on illegal behavior. He named it Angels' Night What began with 12 neighbors on patrol in 1990 has grown to more than 60,000 citywide.George's inspired ideas have not gone unnoticed by the city he loves. Others are buying into it. There'sa trend of younger homeowners coming in.28. What was George’s home city Detroit like before the ’80s?A. Neighbors were nice and got along very well.B. People in the suburbs led a wonderful life.C. Economy declined because of drug abuse.D. Many homes were abandoned and people lied.29. What did George decide to do after his neighborhood changed?A. Move to the suburbs.B. Leave his hometown.C. Join his neighbors to help.D. Stay and fight to save his city.30. What happened as a result of George and other volunteers' hard work?A. More people moved into Detroit.B. Almost all Detroiters were housed.C. Over 100 homes were newly built.D. There was no illegal behavior any more.31. What does the story mainly intend to toll us?A. Great minds think alike.B. Two heads are better than one.C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.D. Little people can make a big difference.DBoth honeybees and ants are social insects that live in groups called colonies. They survive by means of their collective intelligence. Their decision-making power is distributed throughout the group; that is, no one ant or bee makes decisions for the group. Instead, they work together. As Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist of Stanford University, says, “Ants aren’t smart. Ant colonies are.” The same is true for bee colonies. Although bees and ants are quite different physically, they have a lot in common in terms of their behavior. Specifically, honeybees and ants have similar roles within the colony, both have communication systems, and both have the capacity of learning.Ants communicate by using chemicals called pheromones, which can alert others to danger or to a food source. For example, when worker ants find a promising source, they let the rest of colony know how to find it by leaving a trail of pheromones on the way back to the colony. The other ants pick up the message using their sense of smell. Bees, on the other hand, use movement to communicate with each other. Worker bees send message to each other by means of a “dance”. Different speeds and movements send different messages. For example, when worker bees called scouts go out to find a new hoe for the colony, they return and do a dance for the other worker bees that indicates the location of the new home and how suitable it is. The faster the scouts dance the better the new location is.Honeybees and ants are both capable of learning. One Chinese study found that bees can be trained to learn and remember a route to a food source. The researchers also found that bees can be taught to recognize hidden objects and use the concepts of “sameness” and “difference” to accomplish certain tasks. Ants take this one step further. Recent America research has shown that ants not only have the ability to learn, but also can teach their foraging skills to other younger ants. They observed that older ants accompany young ants in search of food and teach them the route and how to avoid obstacles.As we can see, the social behavior of honeybees and ants is quite similar. Both coordinate complexactions and accomplish crucial survival tasks by cooperating in groups consisting of many individuals. Unintelligent as they may be as individuals, as groups they often show amazing brilliance as they go about their everyday activities.32. What do ants and bees have in common?A. They make use of collective intelligence.B. They live in similar-sized colonies.C. They have small leadership groups that make all decisions.D. They use the same method to communicate with each other.33. What docs the speed of a bee’s dance indicate?A. The distance to a neighboring colony.B. The quality of a new colony location.C. The discovery of a new food source.D. The direction to a potential food source.34. In paragraph 3, how docs the author demonstrate the idea that Honeybees and ants are both capable of learning?A. By using statistics.B. By explaining reason.C. By presenting study findings.D. By stating opinions.35. What does the un derlined part “foraging skills” refer to in the third Paragraph?A. The skills of communicating.B. The skills of sacking food.C. The skills of leaning.D. The skills of finding a new home.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
英语_2020年上海市静安区高考一模英语试题含答案
2020年上海市静安区高考一模英语试题一、用单词的适当形式完成短文1.How Do Avalanches（雪崩）HappenIf you're ever skiing in the mountains，you'll have to be aware of avalanches． An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope，such as a mountain．The amount of snow in an avalanche varies based on many things，but it can be such a huge amount （1）________ itcan bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow．Avalanches（2）________ be caused by natural things．For example，new snow or rain can cause built﹣up snow to loosen and fall down the side of a mountain． Artificial triggers（诱发因素）can also cause avalanches．For example，snowmobiles， skiers，and explosives （3）________（know）to lead to avalanches．Avalanches usually occur during the winter and spring，（4）________snowfall is greatest．As they are dangerous to any living beings in their path，avalanches have destroyed forests，roads，railroads and even entire towns．Warning signs exist that allow experts to predict﹣﹣and often prevent﹣﹣avalanches from occurring．When over a footof fresh snow falls，experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches．Explosives can be used in places（5）________ massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that don't pose （6）________ danger to persons or property．When deadly avalanches do occur，the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour．Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow．（7）________it's possible to dig out of such avalanches，not all are able to escape．If you get tossed about by an avalanche and find yourself（8）________（bury） under many feet of snow，you might not have a true sense of which way is up and which way is down．Some avalanche victims have tried to dig their way out，only to find that they were upside down and digging themselves farther under the snow （9）________ than to the top! Experts suggest that people caught in an avalanche （10）________（try）to dig around youto create a space for air，so you can breathe more easily．Then，do your best to figure out which way is up and dig in that direction to reach the surface and signal rescuers．二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文2.Founding Father of China's Nuclear ProgramUnder the terms of the Nuclear Non﹣Proliferation Tready（不扩散核武器条约）， only five countries are considered to be "nuclear ﹣ weapon states．" China is one of them． This military achievement would have been（1）_______without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian，a leading organizer of China's nuclear weapon programs．Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study， and received a doctorate inphysics two years later． Just nine days after graduation， the then 26﹣year﹣old returned to the newly ﹣ founded People's Republic of China with（2）_______ physics knowledge． He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started his theoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min．From 1958 on， Deng spent over 20 years working （3）_______ with a team of young scientists on the development of China's first atomic and hydrogen bombs． Originally，they were prepared to receive training by experts from the Soviet Union． Soon after，however， the Soviet government tore up its （4）_______ with China and removed all its experts． Deng had to lead the team of 28 members with an average age of 23 on a mission to （5）_______ the mysterious power of atomic physics．There was ridicule（嘲笑）following the （6）_______ of the Soviet experts that China wouldn't be able to build an atomic bomb within 20 years． Deng said to his colleagues， "It is in the interest of the Chinese people to develop nuclear weapons． We must be willing to be unknown heroes for our lifetime． It is worth the risk of suffering， and it is worth our （7）_______ to this cause．"As the leader of China's atomic bomb design， Deng gave lessons himself and organized a team to translate and study the （8）_______ foreign language materials． In the meantime，he never stopped thinking about the direction of atomic bomb development．Following the successful test of the first atomic bomb in 1964， Deng joined the research group led by Yu Min． They immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb， which was （9）_______ in 1967． From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb， China spent only two years and eight months on development．Deng passed away in 1986 because of cancer． In the last month of his life， the 28﹣year secret experience of this great scientist was （10）_______ ， and his reputation began to spread throughout China． In 1999， along with 22 other scientists， he was awarded the special prize of "Two Bombs， One Satellite Meritorious Medal" for his contribution to Chinese military science．三、完形填空3. In the Fake News Era, Building Trust with Consumers Is CrucialWith consumers growing increasingly frustrated with online advertising and privacy concerns, how to you convince shoppers to buy your narrative（叙述）, let alone your product?A recent report by Trust-Radius, a software review company that connects buyers and vendors（供应商）, may be able to shed some light. Among other interesting findings, it turns out that it may actually benefit brands to be painfully _____ about their products.Consumer awareness of influencer marketing tactics（策略）is increasing. _____ according to the report, most consumers trust online peer _____ as much as recommendations from friends -- and well above company advertising message. Feedback from everyday folks, it seems, actually carries more _____ than a brand ambassador （大使）from an out-of-reach personality.Transparency（透明度）is crucial The report found that there is a large trust _____ between vendors and buyers. While vendors believe they are transparent, most buyers don’tappear to see it. During the sales process, for example, 85 percent of vendors -- _____ to be open about their product’s lim itations during the sales process -- but only 36 percent of buyers share that same view. The reality is, consumers don’t expect any products to be _____ -- they just want to enter relationships with their eyes wide open so that they can _____ the options that are best for them. They also want brands to be more _____. 66 percent of consumers say they will leave a company if they feel they are being treated like a number and not an individual.Along with the combination of take news, advertising fraud, and data leaks, there have been fake reviews as well. Review sites have been _____ giving preferential（优惠的）treatment to paid advertisers, and consumers are increasingly discerning（有辨别力的）, as a result. _____, review sites are not our only source of peer reviews, with social media providing customer experiences on a second - to - second basis. When brands treat every_____ with a customer as a potential review, they’ll start paying more attention to detail, and being alert to delivering a valued and memorable experience every time. Taking feedback seriously also lets current customers feel valued and respected and makes your business seem more approachable. This helps secure _____, and often, these customers will become brand ambassadors to their friends, family and people they meet online.The challenge for brands today is determining how to use the _____ of the consumer to their advantage. In an age of cutting - edge technology, artificial intelligence, and self-service customer care, it’s odd to acknowl edge that the best way to build trust with your customers is by holding an open _____ with your customers. Being more human, transparent, and listening to what people are saying will see your company thrive in an era marked by consumer suspicion.（1）A nervousB honestC carefulD particular（2）A InsteadB OtherwiseC MoreoverD However（3）A reviewsB reactionsC experiencesD instructions（4）A weightB risksC warningsD burdens（5）A relationshipB influenceC gapD extension（6）A refuseB hesitateC desireD claim（7）A advancedB perfectC remarkableD unique（8）A considerB offerC selectD exercise（9）A efficientB profitableC humanD responsible（10）A associated withB mistaken byC praised asD criticized for（11）A On the contraryB In factC By contrastD In a word（12）A cooperationB complaintC interactionD appointment（13）A safetyB loyaltyC convenienceD employment（14）A moneyB choiceC habitD voice（15）A dialogueB debateC competitionD contract四、阅读选择4. As humanity has got richer, animals' roles have changed． People need their services less than before． Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine （内燃机） made horses unneeded; modern sanitation （卫生设备） kept rats in check and made cats less useful． No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries． Petkeeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly ﹩5, 000． It is booming．The trend is not a new one． Archaeologists （考古学家） have found 10, 000﹣year﹣old graves in which dogs and people are buried together． Some cultures ﹣ such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions ﹣ have kept pets for thousands of years． But these days the pet﹣keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature． The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them． No longer are they food﹣waste﹣recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters' tables． Pet﹣food shelves are full of delicacies craftedto satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that areold, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of Internet services offerfood, tailored to the pet's individual tastes．In the business this is called "pet humanisation"﹣the tendency of pet owners to treat theirpets as part of the family． This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to﹣in America﹣Bella, Lucy and Max． It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels．People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious． But the evidence for that is weak． Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible "puppy﹣dog eyes" precisely to affect human emotions． It has worked． The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets． Sentimental （多愁善感的） Americans often refer to themselves not as cat﹣owners but as the cat's "mommy" or "daddy"． South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat "butlers"． Watch an unlucky dog﹣walker trailing "his" hound （猎犬）, plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have towonder: who's in charge now?（1）Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage？________A People's needs for animal services are decreasing．B Both the pet number and the pet business are growing．C Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious．D Pet foods are more various and customized than before．．（2）Which of the following is referred to as evidence of "pet humanization"？________A Human beings' ever rising urge for pet﹣keeping．B Pets' roles as both working staff and companions．C Pets' inbuilt ability to affect emotions of theirowners． D The names given to pets in American families nowadays．．（3）Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with？________A Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets．B Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets．C Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters．D Pet﹣keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world．．（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？________A Who Owns WhomB The Urge for Pet﹣keepingC The Changing Roles of AnimalsD Love Me， Love My Dog．5. Depression hurts, Prozac can helpDepression isn't just feeling down． It's a real illness with real causes． Depression can be triggered by stressful life events, like divorce or a death in the family． Or it can appear suddenly, for no apparent reason．Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depression． That's not true． Many doctors believe that one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin ﹣﹣ a chemical in your body． If this happens, you may have trouble sleeping． Feel unusually sad or irritable easily． Find it hard to concentrate． Lose your appetite． Lack energy． Or have trouble feeling pleasure． These are some of the symptoms that can point to depression ﹣﹣ especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and ifnormal, everyday life feels like to much to handle．To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe（开处方）most often is Prozac． Prozac isn't a "happy pill"． It's not a tranquilizer（镇静剂）． It won't turn youinto a different person．Some people do experience mild side effects, like upset stomach, headaches, difficulty sleeping, sleepiness, anxiety and nervousness． These tend to go away within a few weeksof starting treatment, and usually aren't serious enough to make most people stop taking it． However, if you are concerned about a side effect, or if you develop a rash（皮疹）, tell your doctor right away． And don't forget to tell your doctor any other medicines you are taking．Some people should not take Prozac, especially people an MAO inhibitors（单胺抑制剂）． As you start feeling better, your doctor can suggest therapy or other means to help you work through your depression． Prozac has been carefully studied for nearly 10 years． But remember, Prozac is a prescription medicine, and it isn't right for everyone． Only your doctor can decide if Prozac is right for you ﹣﹣ or for someone you love． Prozac has been prescribed for more than 17 million Americans． Chances are someone you know is feeling sunny again because of it．（1）All the following are true EXCEPT________．A It is easy to get rid of depression through tremendous determination．B Sleep disorder is characteristic of depression symptoms．C Depression can be caused by combination of factors．D Depression is a psychological state taking the form of low mood．．（2）What can we learn about Prozac from this piece of information？________A Prozac is a newly developed drug to treat depression．B patients who take Prozaccan experience severe side a effects． C A medical prescription is necessary for Prozac． D Over 17 million Americans have been cured by Prozac．．（3）This piece of information is most probably________．A an introduction to a scientific projectB a part of prescription drug instructionsC a part of a research report in a medical journalD an advertisement of a medicine for depression．6.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市杨浦区高考一模英语试题
10．A．InsteadB．OtherwiseC．ThereforeD．However
11．A．result fromB．apply forC．associate withD．lead to
12．A．ImmoralB．impersonalC．impossibleD．impolite
1．A．coolnessB．fitnessC．goodnessD．readiness
2．A．controlB．changeC．adjustD．celebrate
3．A．amusingB．inspiringC．troublingD．touching
4．A．applyB．approveC．appreciateD．accomplish
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2020年上海市杨浦区高考一模英语试题
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A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self-criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match. “I’m at peak1and I practise hard. How is this happening?” This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to2the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.
2020年上海市长宁、嘉定、金山区联考高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市长宁、嘉定、金山区联考高考英语一模试卷Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.1.A Grateful PatientI took a job as a receptionist for a vet（兽医）almost five decades ago． As an enthusiastic animal lover， I accepted the position on the condition （1）________ I wouldn’t have to assist with any wounded animals．I didn’t have the courage （2）________ （watch） any creature in pain．At the end of my first week， we were closing the office for the day （3）________ a young man ran up to us holding a severely injured Doberman puppy（杜宾幼犬）in his arms and begging us to save his life． The four﹣month﹣old puppy had been hit by a car．The doctor and I ran back into the operating room． The only place （4）________ the skin was still attached to his poor little body was around one shoulder． The vet worked tirelessly for what seemed like hours，（5）________ （sew） him back together again． That was the easy part． The puppy had broken multiple bones， including his back．（6）________ he survived the next few days， we were quite sure he would never walk again．The day forever changed my life．I became the vet’s assistant in all things medical． One of my first jobs was to give that Doberman puppy daily physical therapy． Weeks went by until one day he finally recovered．Fast ﹣ forward about a year． I walked into the clinic’s （7）________ （crowd） waiting room and called the name of the next client． Suddenly， a huge Doberman ran toward me． I found （8）________ pinned against the wall with this magnificent dog standing on his back legs， his front paws（爪子）on my shoulders， washing my face with plentiful and joyful kisses!I still tear up in amazement （9）________ the display of love and gratitude the dog had for me that day all those years ago． I went on to be a vet technician for 14 years， and since retirement， I have volunteered at a no﹣kill animal shelter． In all the time that has passed and all the experiences I have had，I’ve never met a dog who didn’t know that it （10）________ （rescue） in one way or another．【答案】that,to watch,when,where,sewing,Evenif/Eventhough,crowded,myself,at,had been rescued 【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】大约50年前，我接受了一份兽医接待员的工作，作为一个热心的动物爱好者，我接受了这个职位，条件是不必帮助任何受伤的动物，因为我没有勇气去观察任何痛苦的动物．我的第一份工作就是每天给一只杜宾小狗做物理治疗．几个星期过去了，直到有一天他终于康复了．一年以后．这只大杜宾仍然记得我，我因为狗对我的爱和感激而惊讶地流泪．【解答】（1）that．考查同位语从句．引导结构和含义完整的同位语从句I wouldn’t have toassist with any wounded animals．用that．（2）to watch．考查动词不定式．做have the courage 的宾补，用动词不定式to watch．（3）when．考查定语从句．修饰先行词the day ，做定语从句 a young man ran up tous holding a severely injured Doberman puppy（杜宾幼犬）in his arms and begging us to save his life的时间状语，用关系词when．（4）where．考查定语从句．修饰先行词The only place ，做定语从句 the skin was still attached to his poor little body was around one shoulder的地点状语，用关系词where．（5）sewing．考查非谓语动词．做伴随状语，和主语The vet 构成主动关系，用现在分词sewing．（6）Even if/Even though．考查连词．本句表示“即使他在接下来的几天里活了下来，我们也确信他再也不会走路了．” ，所以引导让步状语从句 he survived the next few days，用Even if/Even though．（7）crowded．考查派生词．修饰名词waiting room，表示“拥挤的”，用形容词crowded．（8）myself．考查代词．和主语I一致，做 found 的宾语，用反身代词myself．9）at．考查介词．和 in amazement 连用，表示“因…而吃惊”，修饰名词the display of love and gratitude，用介词at．（10）had been rescued．考查谓语动词．发生在who didn’t know 之前，和主语 it构成被动关系，谓语动词用 had been rescued．Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A． achievement B． captured C． championed D． conveniently E． distractF． executive G． manageable H． memorable I． publicizing J． reluctantly K． reveal Marketing the MoonAn astronaut， a little hop and a witty quote：Neil Armstrong’s first lunar（月球的）footstep is deep﹣rooted in the minds of all humankind． But that first moon landing might not have been such a（n）（1）_______ moment if it weren’t for NASA’s clever PR （Public Relations） team．Richard Jurek is a marketing （2）_______ and co﹣author of the book marketing the Moon：The Selling of the Apollo Lunar Program．He says NASA’s move to real﹣time， open communication made the 1969 Apollo 11 landing "the first positive viral event that （3）_______ the world’s attention．"Before NASA was established in 1958， rockets were th e military’s territory； that secretiveness carried over into the space agency’s early days． At first， NASA followed a “fire in the tail” rule， only （4）_______ a rocket’s launch when it was successfully in the air． But as the agency evolved， it started announcing more details about the Apollo program． It （5）_______its astronauts， talked openly about mission goals and challenges， and shared launch times so people could watch．“If it had been run like it was under the military，” Jurek says， "we would not have had that sense of drama， that sense of involvement， that sense of wonder， that （6）_______．" Instead， all the PR and press promotion in the years ahead of Apollo 11 brought the human spaceflight program into people’s living rooms and imaginations．As the drama neared its peak，NASA’s PR officials pushed for live TV broadcasts of the first humans to walk on the moon． Not everyone thought it was a good idea． The technology for live lunar broadcasts， and cameras small enough to keep the cargo （7）_______，didn’t exist at the point． Some engineers worried that developing that equipment would（8）_______ from efforts to achieve the landing itself．But NASA’s communications team argued that telling the story was as vital as the （9）_______ itself． Live TV would bringthe American people ﹣﹣ and international viewers ﹣﹣ along for the ride．Come landing day， which （10）_______ fell on a Sunday， more than half a billion people worldwide crowded around TVs and radios for the historic moment．“We were able to come together and do something that was exciting and interesting and brought the world together，” says David Meerman Scott， marketing strategist and co﹣author of Marketing the Moon．“I don’t know that we’ve done anything like that since．”【答案】memorable,executive,captured,publicizing,championed,reveal,manageable,distract,achieve ment,conveniently【考点】选词填空【解析】本文为记叙文．阿姆斯特朗的第一次登月之所以如此难忘，是因为有美国宇航局聪明的公关团队．【解答】﹣10 HFBIC KGEAD解析：（1）H．memorable考查形容词的用法．所填单词作定语修饰名词moment，用形容词；根据句意：但是，如果不是美国宇航局聪明的公关团队，第一次登月可能不会是如此难忘的时刻，此处应填memorable（难忘的）．故选H．（2）F．executive考查名词的用法．空格前有a marketing 修饰，用名词；根据句意：理查德•朱雷克是《月球营销：阿波罗登月计划的销售一书的营销主管和合著者，此处应填executive（经理，主管领导）．故选F．（3）B．captured考查动词的用法．所填单词在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，用动词，根据句意：他说，美国航天局转向实时、开放的通讯方式，使得1969年阿波罗11号的着陆成为“第一个引起世界关注的重大事件”，此处应填动词captured（占据、占领）．故选B．（4）I．publicizing考查非谓语动词．本句谓语动词是followed，空格及后面部分在句子中作状语，名词a rocket’s launch 作宾语，所以填动词的ing形式，结合句意：起初，美国航天局遵循“尾部起火”的原则，只在火箭在空中成功发射时公布火箭的发射情况，publicizing（宣传）符合．故选I．（5）C．championed考查动词的用法．所填单词作谓语，用动词，根据句意：它支持宇航员，公开谈论任务目标和挑战，并共享发射时间，以便人们可以观看，此处应填动词championed（支持、拥护、捍卫）．故选C．（6）K．reveal考查动词的用法．此处在定语从句中作谓语，结合句意：那种戏剧感、参与感和惊奇感我们就无法展示出来，应填动词reveal（展示、显出、透露）．故选K．（7）G．manageable考查形容词的用法．空格处在句子中作动词keep的宾语补足语，结合句意：直播月球广播的技术，以及足够小到使货物易于管理的摄像机，目前还不存在，此处应填形容词manageable（可操纵的、可处理的）．故选G．（8）E．distract考查动词的用法．情态动词would后面接动词的原形，结合句意：一些工程师担心，研制这种设备会分散实现着陆的努力，此处填动词distract（转移、分散）．故选E．（9）A．achievement考查名词的用法．定冠词修饰名词，根据句意：但美国宇航局的通讯团队认为，讲述这个故事和这项成就本身一样重要，此处应填名词achievement（成就），故选A．（10）D．conveniently考查副词的用法．所填单词作状语修饰动词fall，根据句意：登陆日这一天正好是一个星期天，全世界超过5亿人聚集在电视机和收音机周围，度过了这一历史性时刻，应填副词conveniently（方便地、便利地），故选D．Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ancient creatures likely evolved the stress response to better escape from hunters． But today its causes include traffic, deadlines and first dates． According to a 2018 American Psychological Association survey of more than 3, 000 people, the top （1）_______ are work, money, the economy and health．Although everyone faces stress, people react to it （2）_______．"There’s the situation, how we （3）_______ the situation, and then our skills at handling the situation, " says psychologist William Lovallo of the University of Oklahoma．（4）_______ experiences help us assess appropriate responses, so most people improve with age． "A high school student or a college student might not have those （5）_______ skills andmight let a situation get out of hand, " he adds．Most （6）_______have normal stress responses, regulated to give the right burst of hormones（激素）and bodily changes for a particular stressor． But others always over﹣or under﹣react, which may be a warning sign for physical or mental （7）_______． To study this, scientists often monitor cortisol（皮质醇）or heart rate variations throughout the day and during trying tasks．（8）_______, the intensity of these responses seems to be set from a youngage． Studies have shown that people who experienced childhood hardships ﹣﹣ including physical punishment and a（n）（9）_______ home ﹣﹣ are more likely to have quiet stress reactions as adults． For example, as part of a study published in 2012, Lovallo exposed 354 participants to moderate stress． People who self﹣reported early﹣life （10）_______ actually had lower heart rates and cortisol levels than other participants． Whilethe study tasks were not important, the individuals’ under﹣reactions suggest their stress response may also have trouble （11）_______ when it really matters． It can be just as （12）_______ as an extreme response． Other research has found links between childhood conflict, abnormally low adult stress and substance misuse． Though the biologyis not fully understood, it’s suggested that early ﹣ life neglect or suffering （13）_______ the body’s stress pathways．Even before birth, a child can （14）_______ parental stress． The phenomenon is well﹣ demonstrated in rats and mice, and some papers have shown the same association （15）_______． For example, babies born to mothers who survived the 9/11 attacks all had how cortisol levels．（1）A.stressorsB.responsesC.secretesD.concerns（2）A.appropriatelyB.differentlyC.normallyD.mentally（3）A.improveB.influenceC.describeD.evaluate（4）A.ValuableB.ProfessionalC.PreviousD.Constant（5）A.copingB.livingC.learningD.acting（6）A.adultsB.researchersC.studentsD.monitors（7）A.functionsB.disordersC.variationsD.abilities（8）A.By the wayB.In some casesC.On the contraryD.As a result（9）A.independentB.distinguishedC.unstableD.extended（10）cationB.experienceC.involvementD.difficulty（11）A.racing upB.showing upC.taking upD.keeping up（12）A.impressiveB.insignificantC.positiveD.unhealthy（13）A.smoothsB.followsC.dullsD.destroys（14）A.endureB.relieveC.increaseD.inherit（15）A.between animalsB.in humansC.with societyD.of importance【答案】CACBBDADBCBDACD【考点】社会文化【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了2018年美国心理协会对3000多人的调查，最大的秘密是工作、金钱、经济和健康．【解答】（1）C．考查名词辨析．A． stressors压力；B． responses 回应；C． secretes秘密；D． concerns 关注点；根据2018年美国心理协会对3000多人的调查，最大的秘密是工作、金钱、经济和健康．故选C（2）A．考查副词辨析．A． appropriately适当；B． differently不同的；C． normally 正常情况；D． mentally精神上；虽然每个人都面临压力，但人们对压力的反应是适当的．故选A（3）C．考查动词辨析．A． improve改进；B． influence影响；C． describe 描述；D． evaluate 评价；有情况，我们如何描述情况，然后我们处理情况的技巧；故选C （4）B．考查形容词辨析．A． Valuable有价值；B． Professional专业的；C． Previous先前的；D． Constant坚定的，忠诚的；专业经验有助于我们评估适当的应对措施，因此大多数人都会随着年龄的增长而提高．故选B（5）B．考查动词辨析．A． coping复制；B． living生活；C． learning学习；D． acting 表演；一个高中生或一个大学生可能没有这些生活技能，可能会让情况失控；故选B（6）D．考查名词辨析．A． adults成人；B． researchers 研究人员；C． students学生；D． monitors 监视器；大多数监护仪都有正常的应激反应，可以调节激素的分泌和特定应激源的身体变化．故选D（7）A．考查名词辨析．A．functions功能；B．disorders 失调；C．variations 变化；D． abilities 能力；但其他人总是反应过度或反应不足，这可能是身体或精神功能的警告信号．故选A（8）D．考查短语辨析．A． By the way顺便说一下；B． In some cases 在某些情况下；C． On the contrary 恰恰相反；D． As a result因此；因此，这些反应的强度似乎是从小就设定的．故选D（9）B．考查形容词辨析．A． independent独立；B． distinguished 杰出的；C． unstable 不稳定；D． extended 扩展的；包括体罚和不稳定的家庭﹣﹣成年后更可能有安静的压力反应．故选B（10）C．考查名词辨析．A． education教育；B． experience经验；C． involvement参与；D． difficulty 困难；自报早年参与的人实际上比其他参与者的心率和皮质醇水平低．故选C（11）B．考查短语辨析．A． racing up加速；B． showing up出现；C． taking up占用；D． keeping up跟上；虽然研究任务并不重要，但个体的反应不足表明，他们的压力反应也可能在真正重要的时候出现问题．故选B（12）D．考查形容词辨析．A． impressive令人印象深刻；B． insignificant无关紧要的；C． positive积极的；D． unhealthy 不健康的；它可能和极端反应一样不健康．故选D（13）A．考查动词辨析．A． smooths抚平；B． follows跟随；C． dulls迟钝；D． destroys 毁灭；虽然生物学还没有完全了解，但有人认为，早期生活中的忽视或痛苦会抚平身体的应激途径．故选A（14）C．考查动词辨析．A． endure忍耐；B． relieve解除；C． increase 增加；D． inherit 继承；即使在出生前，孩子也会增加父母的压力．故选C（15）D．考查短语辨析．A． between animals动物之间；B． in humans在人类身上；C． with society与社会；D． of importance 重要的；这种现象在大鼠和小鼠身上得到了很好的证明，一些论文也显示了同样的重要性．故选DSection BDirections： Read the following three passage. Each passage is followedby several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.I live in a second ﹣ floor flat with an ancient tree right on the corner of thehouse． House and tree have been here, side by side, for well over a century． No one really knows how old the tree is, but it was already there when builders started on the house at the beginning of the 1900s．It was still rather young and flexible back then, so it easily welcomed the new structureinto its path． it bent and adjusted itself to make room, and to find the space to grow big and strong and wise． Which means that some hundred years later, the solid, strong branches of the tree reach around two full sides of my home．It’s covered in mass（苔藓）, which is, in turn, crawling with all sorts of inseets． I have never seen the insects, by the way, I just know that they’re there because of all the birds trying to pick themout． They are always hopping around, looking for this and that and singing songs．I feel like I have become part of the ecosystem．When I’m eating breakfast or making dinner in the kitchen, I can look out and see a bird hopping around skillfully, gathering its own meal while I tend to mine．When I’m sitting in the living room, reading or drinking tea, I can suddenly find myself face to face with another bird．We’ll be staring at eachother and, after some time, decide we can both carry on with our business． Living side by side． Even as I write this ﹣﹣ the large windows open to a lovely, soft evening ﹣﹣ a white feather comes floating down by my side． Probably from one of the resident pigeons． As I don’t have the luxury of a garden, this tree makes me fell connected to the outdoors． Such an ancient tree, a tree that is itself home to many other creatures ﹣﹣that feels different． It is as if it has adopted me and made me a part of its world, without ever asking for something in return． But if needs be, I know that it can count on me and Iwill protect it with all my strength．（1）The flat that author lives in is________．A. built in an ancient treeB. hugged by a giant treeC. decorated with branchesD. surrounded by a garden．（2）In the author’s description， she implies that________．A. birds keep her warm companyB. she has been living on tree productsC. moss makes her flat nice and coolD. she has been bothered by the insects．（3）What does the author really treasure？________A. A close﹣to﹣nature life．B. A luxurious garden．C. A spacious house．D. A sociable neighbor．．（4）Which of the following can be used to express the author’s feeling？________A. Jealous．B. Inferior．C. Content．D. Passionate．【答案】BDAC【考点】人生感悟类阅读议论文阅读【解析】本文作者描述了自己家旁边的一棵大树，并因为这棵大树于自然和谐相处的生活．【解答】（1）B．细节理解题．根据最后一段句子As I don’t have the luxury of a garden， this tree makes me fell connected to the outdoors．由于我没有花园的奢华，这棵树使我与户外相通．可见作者的家被树环抱，所以选B．（2） D．推理判断题．根据第二段句子which is， in turn， crawling with all sorts of inseets． I have never seen the insects，到处都是虫子．我从没见过这些昆虫．可见在作者的描述中，她暗示她一直为昆虫所困扰．所以选D．（3） A．推理判断题．根据最后一段句子It is as if it has adopted me and made me a part of its world， without ever asking for something in return它好像收养了我，使我成为世界的一部分，而从不要求回报．可见作者喜欢这种接近自然的生活．所以选A．（4） C．推理判断题．根据最后一段句子：As I don’t have the luxury of a garden， this tree makes me fell connected to the outdoors． Such an ancient tree， a tree that is itself home to many other creatures ﹣﹣ that feels different． It is as if it has adopted me and made me a part of its world， without ever asking for something in return．由于我没有花园的奢华，这棵树使我与户外相通．这棵古树本身就是许多其他生物的家园，感觉不一样．它好像收养了我，使我成为世界的一部分，而从不要求回报．可以看出作者喜欢这种自然的生活，虽然没有昂贵的花园但是很满足于现在的状态．A、嫉妒的．B、低劣的．C、满足的．D、热情的，故选C．（1）By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1，the author probably means “howthey________．”A. make sense to manufacturersB. get stuck in storesC. are compared with each otherD. are piled up together．．（2）Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users？________A. Dream﹣pad pillowB. Eight sleep trackerC. Smart Nora Wireless Snoring SolutionD. Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System．（3）Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？________A. The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature．B. The Nightingale is an economical but perfect device．C. Soft music is applied to all these four devices．D. One in three people suffer from sleep problem．【答案】DDD【考点】应用文阅读广告布告类阅读【解析】这篇短文告诉我们：要经常洗手，以防传染上疾病，也有可能把疾病传给别人．并且告诉大家通常在哪些情况下洗手，怎样洗手效果好．【解答】（1）D．词义猜测题．根据文章第一段 In my everlasting search for downtime， I tested some of the most promising ones．Here’s how they stacked up．在我寻找停机时间的过程中，我测试了一些最有前途的．下面是它们是如何堆积起来的．可知意为堆积在一起；故选D．（2）D．细节理解题．根据文章REM Score： 9可知四个仪器的评价的得分中南丁格尔智能家居睡眠系统得分是最高的；可知南丁格尔智能家居睡眠系统用户有良好的反应；故选D．（3）D．细节理解题．根据文章第一段According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，a third of us don’t get nearly enough shut﹣eye．根据疾病控制和预防中心的说法，我们中有三分之一的人没有得到足够的睡眠．可知三分之一的人患有睡眠问题．故选D．An epidemic is the occurrence of a disease which affects a very large number of people living in an area and which spreads quickly to other people． Like infectious diseases, ideas in the academic world are spreadable． But way some travel far and wide while equally good ones remain in relative insignificance has been a mystery． Now a team of computer scientists has used an epidemiological model to imitate how ideas move from one academic institution to another． The model showed that ideas originating at famous institutions caused bigger “epidemics” than equally good ideas from less well﹣known places, explains Allison Morgan, a computer scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder and lead author of the new study．“This implies that where an idea is born shapes how far itspreads, holding the quality of the idea constant．” says senior author Aaron Clauset, also at Boulder．Not only is this unfair ﹣﹣“it reveals a big weakness in how we’re doing science,” says Simon DeDeo, a professor of social and decision sciences at Carnegie Mellon University, who was not involved in the study． There are many highly trained people with good ideas who do not end up at top institutions．“They are producing good ideas, and we know those ideas are getting lost, ” DeDeo says．“Our science, our scholarship, is not as good because of this．”The Colorado researchers analyzed an existing data set of computer science department hires in North America, as well as a database of publications by these hires． First theylooked at how five big ideas in computer science spread to new institutions． They found that hiring a new member accounted for this movement a little more than a third of the time ﹣﹣ and in 81 percent of those cases, transfers took place from higher﹣ to lower﹣status universities． Then the team imitated the broadcasting of ideas using an infectious disease model and found that the si ze of an idea “epidemic” （as measured by the number of institutions that published studies on an idea after it originated） depended on the status of the originating institution． The findings were published online last October in EPJ Data Science．The r esearchers’ model suggests that there “may be a number of quite good ideas that originate in the middle of the pack, in terms of universities, ” Clauset says． DeDeo agrees． There is a lot of good work coming out of less famous places, he says: “You can learn a huge amount from it, and you can learn things that other people don’t know because they’re not even paying attention．”（1）The word “this” in paragraph 2 refers to the fact that________．A. the time when good ideas were born decides how far they may spreadB. the quality of the original ideas tends to be not easy to maintainC. good ideas from less important institutions lack influenceD. scholars in insignificant institutions consider their ideas valueless．（2）The case of some hires in paragraph 3 is used to indicate________．A. the statistics the epidemological model provides for the researchersB. why the originating institutions transfer their new findingsC. how they carry the ideas from lower ﹣ to higher ﹣ status institutionsD. the way the movements of some new ideas happen and their effects．（3）Researchers such as Clauset are very much concerned about________．A. losing quite a number of great and creative thoughtsB. missing the opportunities of getting more well﹣knownC. misusing the epidemiological model in scientific research areasD. having difficulty in finding more proper science department hires．（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？________A. Infectious DiseasesB. Original IdeasC. Idea EpidemicD. Epidemiological Model．【答案】CDAC【考点】议论文阅读社会文化类阅读【解析】本文介绍流行病会传播，同样思想也会，而且大的著名的机构的思想传播的比不怎么著名的机构的快．【解答】（1）C．词义猜测题．根据第一段的The model showed that ideas originating at famous institutions caused bigger “epidemics” than equally good ideas from less well﹣known places该模型表明，来自著名机构的思想比来自不太知名的地方的同样好的思想引起更大的“流行病”可知，第二段的this指的是“不太重要的机构的好主意缺乏影响力”．故选C．（2）D．推理判断题．根据第二段的Then the team imitated the broadcasting of ideas using an infectious disease model and found that the size of an idea “epidemic” （as measured by the number of institutions that published studies on an idea after it originated）depended on the status of the originating institution．然后，研究小组使用传染病模型模拟思想的传播，发现一个思想“流行病”的规模（以一个思想产生后发表研究报告的机构的数量衡量）取决于产生该思想的机构的地位．可知，第3段中的一些雇员的例子被用来表示一些新思想的运动发生的方式及其影响．故选D．（3）A．推理判断题．根据文章第二段的句子They are producing good ideas， and we know those ideas are getting lost可知，像克劳塞特这样的研究者非常担心失去大量伟大而富有创造性的思想．故选A．（4）C．标题判断题．根据文章第一段的句子Like infectious diseases， ideas in the academic world are spreadable．可知，文章主要介绍一些思想是怎么流行的．Idea Epidemic是合适的标题．故选C．Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that thereare two more sentences than you need.A． So we try to push back the tide and keep up by multi ﹣ tasking．B．No wonder people say they’re too busy to see friends， exercise or sleep．C． Would it surprise you to hear that we have more leisure time today than ever？D．How can we learn to spend time in a way that’s more likely to lead to happiness and success？E．It’s something that economist have been puzzling over and they’ve identif ied several reasons．F． Then you will have fewer empty experiences and far ore that are worthy of your precious time．The Fullness of TimeMost of us think we have very little time， but the truth is we actually have a lot ﹣ on average， five hours 49 minutes each day， which means we typically have somewhere between 36 and 40 hours available to be spent every week however we want． So why don’t we feel time ﹣ rich？（1）________One is that we earn more， so time feels more expensive．Then there’s the way we’ve come to see busyness as a status symbol： important people are busy， so we want to be busy， too． Add to that the flood of incoming emails and texts， along with the endless ocean of possibilities，and it’s easy to see where time goes．A second factor is the comparison we make between what we can do and what others are doing， making us anxious．（2）________ This fools us into thinking we’re being more productive with our work time， so we try to do it with our leisure time， too． Whenwe’re playing with out kids， we check Facebook．When we’re hanging out with one group of friends， we post pictures to show another．This is something sociologists call ‘pollutedtime’．We’re also addicted to our devices． In 2007， the amount of leisure time we spent on devices like smart﹣phones could be measured in minutes． Now， we spend on average 3.5 hours a day online．（3）________You might be wondering why you need help deciding how to spend your free time ﹣﹣ after all you know the sort of things you enjoy， so what could be so difficult？ Psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has a surprising opinion on it．“The popular assumption is that no skills are involved in enjoying free time， anybody can do it． Yet the evidence suggests the opposite； free time is more difficult to enjoy than work．” Worryingly， scientists have found that people are often no happier after a holiday than if they’d never taken one．（4）________ The question still remains unsettled．【答案】E,A,B,D【考点】说明文七选五【解析】本文属于说理性的短文阅读．主要介绍了我们在生活中总是感到自由时间很少，事实真是如此吗？本文就这个问题进行了探讨．【解答】1． E．考查句子理解和上下文之间的逻辑关系．根据前面的句子So why don’t we feel time ﹣ rich？可知，虽然实际上我们有很多业余时间但是我们感觉不到，那么为什么会这样呢，E项It’s something that economist have been puzzling over and they’ve identified several reasons（这也是经济学家一直困惑的问题，他们已经给出了几个原因），符合句子间的逻辑关系．故选E．2． A．考查句子理解和上下文之间的逻辑关系．前面提到A second factor is the comparison we make between what we can do and what others are doing， making us anxious使我们感觉不到空闲时间的是我们把能做的事情和别人正在做的事情进行了比较，唯恐落后的思想逼迫着我们加班加点，A项中So we try to push back the tide and keep up by multi ﹣ tasking（所以我们努力去做更多的任务），和后面的内容也正好吻合．故选A．3． B．考查句子理解和上下文之间的逻辑关系．前一句Now， we spend on average 3.5 hours a day online（我们每天在网上的花费时间为平均3.5小时）解释了我们感觉时间不够的原因，所以B项No wonder people say they’re too busy to see friends，exercise or sleep（难怪人们说他们太忙了而没有时间见朋友、锻炼以及睡觉）符合文章的逻辑关系．故选B．4． D．考查句子理解和上下文之间的逻辑关系．前面句子scientists have found that people are often no happier after a holiday than if they’d never taken one说明人们在度假后反而感觉不到幸福，由此可知，D项的问句How can we learn to spend time in a way that’s more likely to lead to happiness and success？（我们该如何学会通过一种方式度过时间来让我们更幸福和成功呢）正好和文中末尾的最后一句The question still remains unsettled相吻合．故选D．Ⅳ.Summary WritingDirections： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Cryptocurrency（加密货币）Making payments online is very easy these days if you have a credit card or a bank card thatused a payment network． Sending money online to a friend， you have to use a payment service like Google Pay or PayPal， or make a bank transfer． However， there is usually a significant delay before the receiver can use the money， and transfers can have sizeable fees．In 2008， a group of people published a paper describing a process that would use crypto﹣graph（密码学）to create a secure electronic cash system， known as a cryptocurrency． Person ﹣ to ﹣ person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial organization． Each transaction could happen very quickly． The shared network of computers would also serve as the means to confirm those transactions safely． Getting rid of the need for a centralized banking system would open up the possibility for anyone to become part of the digital economy．Today， there are over a thousand different cryptocurrencies． Most are still trying to be valid global payment systems like Bitcoin． They are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry． One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash． The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts．Another problem is the large number of false cryptocurrencies advertised on the Internet． The advertisements invite Internet users to visit websites offering new cryptocurrencies． Many visitors are persuaded to buy their cryptocurrencies using actual money． Later，the websites disappear along with the victims’ money． In response to this problem， companies like Facebook and Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites．【答案】It is very easy to make payments online these days．（网上支付很容易） However，it will be some time before the receiver can use the money， which means transfers can have plenty of fees．【高分句型一】（时间长）We would use cryptocurrency to create a secure electronic cash system．（密码学） That there is weak security on cryptocurrency websites is a problem．【高分句型二】（一个问题）Another problem is the large number of false cryptocurrencies advertised on the Internet．（另一个问题）【考点】概要写作【解析】高分句型一：However，it will be some time before the receiver can use the money，which means transfers can have plenty of fees．译文：不过，收款人还需要一段时间才能使用这笔钱，这意味着转账可能会有很多费用．分析：which引导定语从句．高分句型二：That there is weak security on cryptocurrency websites is a problem．译文：加密货币网站的安全性薄弱是一个问题．分析：that引导主语从句．【解答】It is very easy to make payments online these days．（网上支付很容易） However，it will be some time before the receiver can use the money， which means transfers can have plenty of fees．【高分句型一】（时间长）We would use cryptocurrency to create a secure electronic cash system．（密码学） That there is weak security on cryptocurrency websites is a problem．【高分句型二】（一个问题）Another problem is the large number。
2020年上海市浦东新区高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市浦东新区高考英语一模试卷Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.A New Hero is Here to Save the DayIt’s thought that when a hero like Batman is blessed with great power， he or she must endure loneliness and suffering as a result． The Flash（闪电侠）， however， makes a fun，lightning﹣quick and optimistic superhero． After the wild success of TV series Arrow， aTV network launched The Flash，（1）________（show） the image of this Superhero，who was only a supporting character in Arrow．Like Spiderman，who gained the ability to make webs and climb walls after he（2）________（bite）by a spider，Barry Allen in The Flash was shocked into superhero﹣status by accident． A strike from a lightning put Allen into a nine﹣month unconscious state，and when he emerged， he found himself （3）________（equip） with super speed．Naturally， Allen slips on a colorful suit and becomes the Flash， a hero （4）________extreme speed to fight super﹣powered bad guys． But the Flash also has other purposes，namely finding out the truth behind his mother’s death and his father’s unjust imprisonment．In line with superhero series standards， The Flash features action and eye﹣popping special effects．There’s nothing terribly innovative here， but （5）________we do get isa unique superhero with a more unusual personality．（6）________Allen has gone through unpleasant childhood experience， in this show he grows into a superhero （7）________powers include optimism．He’s got a group of scientists that not only save his life，but also provide him with emotional support and the tools necessary （8）________（fight）crime．A big surprise for me was that The Flash cast Prison Break star Wentworth Miller as a bad character， who uses a gun that （9）________turn anything into ice． US shows began their entrance into the Chinese market with Friends， but Prison Break pushed interest inUS TV series to a new height largely thanks to Miller’s wonderful acting．Now Miller’s backto act in The Flash．（10）________is a nice surprise that this new show serves as a platform for Prison Break fans to revisit their old favorite，although this time around he’s an antagonist（反派角色）．【答案】showing,was bitten,equipped,with,what,Eventhough/if,whose,to fight,can,It【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】本文介绍了继蝙蝠侠之后的几个电影中的超级英雄角色．以及扮演者．【解答】1．showing，考查现在分词，show和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词showing作补充说明．2． was bitten，考查时态语态，描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，句子主语和bite之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为he，所以用第三人称单数谓语，故填瓦斯 bitten．3． equipped，考查过去分词，根据短语be equipped with装备着，可知用过去分词作宾补，故填equipped．4． with，考查介词，表示“带有”，所以用介词with．5． what，考查主语从句，在主语从句中作get的宾语，表示“…的东西”，所以用what引导．6． Even though/if，考查连词，根据句意“尽管艾伦在这个节目中经历了不愉快的童年经历，但他成长为一个超级英雄，他的力量包括乐观主义”，可知用even though/if“尽管”引导让步状语从句．7． whose，考查定语从句，先行词为人a superhero，在定语从句中作定语，所以用whose引导．8． to fight，考查不定式，形容词+不定式结构，所以用to fight．9．can，考查情态动词，根据句意“他用一把能把任何东西变成冰的枪”，表示“能够”，后跟动词原形，所以用can．10． It，考查it的用法，that引导主语从句放在后面，所以用it作形式主语．Section BDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A． accustomed B． advances C． command D． common E． drain F． minimizeG． precisely H． reduced I． renew J． sustainably K． victimsCriticism of the Fast FashionIn the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada， Miranda Priestly， played by Meryl Streep， scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her．Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater was（1）_______over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl probably found her clothes．This top﹣down concept of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or in conflict with the mad world described in Overdressed，Elizabeth Cline’s three﹣year accusation of “fast fashion”． In the last decade or so，（2）_______ in technology have allowed mass﹣market labels such as Zara， H&M， and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and predict demand more（3）_______． Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted stock， more frequent release， and more profit． These labels encourage style﹣conscious consumersto see clothes as disposable﹣meant to last only a wash or two，although they don’t advertise that﹣and to （4）_______ their wardrobe（衣橱） every few weeks． By offering on﹣trend items at dirt﹣cheap prices， Cline argues， these brands have controlled fashion cycles， shaking an industry long（5）_______to a seasonal pace．The（6）_______of this revolution， of course， are not limited to designers． For H&Mto offer a ﹩5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2，300﹣plus stores around the world， it must rely on low﹣wage overseas labor， order in volumes that （7）_______ natural resources，and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals．Towards the end of Overdressed， Cline introduced her ideal， a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont， who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes﹣and beautifully． But as Cline is the first to note， it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft；her example can’t be imitated．Though several fast﹣fashion companies have made efforts to（8）_______ their impact on labor and the environment﹣including H&M， with its green Conscious Collection line﹣Cline believes lasting change can only be made by customers． She exhibits the idealism（9）_______ to many advocates of sustainability， be it in food or in energy． Vanity（虚荣心）is a constant； people will only start shopping more （10）_______ when they can’t afford not to．【答案】H,B,G,I,A,K,E,F,D,J【考点】选词填空【解析】本文讲述了在过去的十年左右时间里，技术的进步使得Zara、H&M和优衣库等大众市场品牌能够更快地对趋势做出反应更准确地预测需求．【解答】（1） H ，考查句意，根据句意“普里斯特利解释说，多年来，从时装秀到百货公司，再到这个可怜的女孩可能在其中找到衣服的廉价箱，助理毛衣的深蓝色是如何减少的．．”，可知要填的词为" reduced减少"．（2） B ，考查句意，根据句意“在过去的十年左右时间里，技术的进步使得Zara、H&M和优衣库等大众市场品牌能够更快地对趋势做出反应更准确地预测需求”，可知要填的词为“advances进步”．（3） G ，考查句意，根据句意“在过去的十年左右时间里，技术的进步使得Zara、H&M和优衣库等大众市场品牌能够更快地对趋势做出反应更准确地预测需求”，可知要填的词为“precisely 更准确地”．（4） I ，考查句意，根据句意“尽管他们不做广告，并且每隔几周就更新一次衣柜”，可知要填的词为“renew 更新”．（5） A ，考查句意，根据句意" 这些品牌以极其低廉的价格控制着时尚周期，动摇了一个长期习惯于季节性节奏的行业．“，可知要填的词为” accustomed习惯的"．（6） K ，考查句意，根据句意" 当然，这场革命的受害者并不局限于设计师“，可知要填的词为” victims受害者"．（7） E ，考查句意，根据句意" H&M要想在全球2300多家门店提供（8）95英镑的针织迷你裙，就必须依靠低工资的海外劳动力，订购大量消耗自然资源的产品，并使用大量有害化学物质“，可知要填的词为” drain耗费"．（9） F ，考查句意，根据句意“尽管有几家快时尚公司努力将对劳动和环境的影响降到最低”，可知要填的词为" minimize 最小化"．（10） D ，考查句意，根据句意“她展示了许多可持续发展倡导者所共有的理想主义，无论是在食品还是能源方面”，可知要填的词为" common共有的 "．（11）J ，考查句意，根据句意“人们只有在买得起的时候才会开始更可持续地购物”，可知要填的词为" sustainably可持续地"．Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension Section ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The networked computer is an amazing device． It is the first media machine that serves as the mode of production （you can make stuff）, means of distribution （you can upload stuff to the network）, site of （1）_______（you can download stuff and interact with it）, and place of praise and criticism （you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded）．（2）_______ , the computer is the 21st century’s culture machine．But for all the reasons there are to （3）_______ the computer, we must also act withcaution． This is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading﹣between passive consumption and active（4）_______ ﹣whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine．All animals download, but only a few upload anything besides faces and their own bodies． Humans are （5）_______in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous（过剩的） material goods（paintings, sculpture and architecture） and superfluous experiences（music, literature, religion and philosophy）．（6）_______, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to behuman． Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but（7）_______ to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of a defining ingredient of humanity．Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still （8）_______ download mode, brought about by television watching． Even after the（9）_______ of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just （10）_______．The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to （11）_______ the flow caused by TV viewing, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading． The computer offers the opportunity to bring about a complete（12）_______ from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model． This is a historic opportunity． Fifty years of television dominance has given birth to an unhealthy culture． The （13）_______ is now in our collective grasp． It involves controlling our intake, or downloading, and （14）_______our levels of activity﹣uploading．Of course people will still download． Nobody uploads more than a tiny percentage of the culture they consume． But using the networked computer as a download﹣only device, or even a download﹣mainly device, is a（15）_______ opportunity that history affords us． Therefore, the goal must be to establish a balance between consumption and production．（1）A.celebrationB.conversationsC.receptionD.ceremonies（2）A.Without doubtB.In returnC.In particularD.By contrast（3）A.liberateB.celebrateC.concernD.reject（4）A.requestB.supportC.defenseD.creation（5）A.uniqueB.familiarC.efficientD.loyal（6）A.In additionB.In factC.For instanceD.By the way（7）A.strivingparingC.failingD.attempting（8）A.optimistic aboutB.unfamiliar withC.stuck inD.ashamed of（9）A.transformationB.emergenceC.encounterD.maintenance（10）A.consumeB.neglectbineD.innovate（11）A.enhanceB.quickenC.reverseD.extend（12）A.outcomeB.exposureC.breakD.evolution（13）A.puzzleB.cureC.regretD.favor（14）A.analysingB.maintainingC.featuringD.increasing（15）A.wastedB.treasuredC.multipliedD.revised 【答案】CABDABCCBACCBDA【考点】社会文化【解析】本文是一篇社会文化类阅读，主要讲述了网络计算机的优势以及我们应该避免的缺点．【解答】（1）C．考查名词．根据上下文内容可知，It is the first media machine that serves asthe mode of production （you can make stuff）， means of distribution （you can upload stuff to the network）， site of （1）（you can download stuff and interact with it）， and place of praise and criticism （you can comment on the stuff you have downloaded or uploaded）．句意为这是第一台用作生产方式（可以制作东西），分发方式（可以将东西上传到网络），接收站点可以下载并与之交互的媒体机，以及赞誉场所和批评（您可以对下载或上传的内容进行评论）．A． celebration庆祝；B． conversations对话；C． reception接待；D．ceremonies仪式．故选C．（2）A．考查短语．根据上下文内容可知， In return， the computer is the 21st century’s culture machine．句意为作为回报，计算机是21世纪的文化机器．A． Without doubt毫无疑问；B． In return作为回报；C． In particular尤其；D．By contrast相反．故选A．（3）B．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知，But for all the reasons there are to （3）the computer， we must also act with caution．句意为但是出于庆祝计算机的种种原因，我们也必须谨慎行事．A． liberate解放；B． celebrate庆祝；C． concern关注；D． reject拒绝．故选B．（4）D．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知，This is because the networked computer has started a secret war between downloading and uploading﹣between passive consumption and active（4）﹣whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine．句意为这是因为网络计算机在被动消费和主动创建之间已经开始了下载和上传之间的秘密战争，其结果将以我们只能开始想象的方式塑造我们的集体未来．A． request请求；B． support支持；C．defense冒犯；D．creation标准．故选D．（5）A．考查形容词．根据上下文内容可知，Humans are （5）in their capacity to not only make tools 句意为人类具有独特的能力，他们不仅可以制造工具，还可以转身使用它们来创造多余的（过剩的）物质商品（绘画，雕塑和建筑）和多余的体验（音乐，文学，宗教和哲学）．A． unique独一无二的；B． familiar熟悉的；C．efficient效率高的；D．loyal忠诚的．故选A．（6）B．考查短语．根据上下文内容可知，In fact，it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human．句意为事实上，正是这些多余的东西定义了人类文化，最终定义了人类的文化．A． In addition另外；B． In fact事实上；C． For instance例如；D． By the way顺便．故选B．（7）C．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知， Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills， but（7）to move beyond downloading is to rob oneself of a defining ingredient of humanity．句意为下载和消费文化需要高超的技能，但是不能超越下载范围就是抢夺人类的决定性成分．A． striving奋斗；B． comparing比较；C． failingD．attempting试图．故选C．（8）C．考查短语．根据上下文内容可知，Despite the possibilities of our new culture machines， most people are still （8）download mode， brought about by television watching．句意为尽管我们的新文化机器有可能，但大多数人仍停留在电视观看带来的下载模式下．A． optimistic about感到乐观；B．unfamiliar with不熟悉；C． stuck in陷入；D． ashamed of感到羞愧．故选C．（9）B．考查名词．根据上下文内容可知， Even after the（9）of widespread social media， a pyramid of production remains， with a small number of people uploading material， a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content， and a hugepercentage remaining satisfied to just （10）．句意为即使在广泛的社交媒体出现之后，生产金字塔仍然存在，少数人上载材料，稍大一些的小组对内容进行评论或修改，并且仍然有很大一部分人满足于消费．A． transformation转化；B．emergence出现；C．encounter致使；D．maintenance坚持．故选B．（10）A．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知， Even after the（9）of widespread social media， a pyramid of production remains， with a small number of people uploading material， a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content， and a huge percentage remaining satisfied to just （10）．句意为即使在广泛的社交媒体出现之后，生产金字塔仍然存在，少数人上载材料，稍大一些的小组对内容进行评论或修改，并且仍然有很大一部分人满足于消费．A． consume消费；B．neglect忽视；C．combine 结合；D．innovate创新．故选A．（11）C．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知，The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to （11）the flow caused by TV viewing， to encourage thoughtful downloading and， even more importantly， meaningful uploading．句意为联网计算机是50年来第一个机会来扭转电视收看带来的流量，鼓励进行有思想的下载，更重要的是，有意义的上传．A． enhance提高；B． quicken加快；C． reverse扭转；D． extend延伸．故选C．（12）C．考查名词．根据上下文内容可知， The computer offers the opportunity to bring about a complete（12）from the culture of television and a shift from a consumption model to a production model．句意为计算机为彻底打破电视文化和从消费模式向生产模式的转变提供了机会．A． outcome支出；B．exposure暴露；C．break休息；D．evolution演化．故选C．（13）B．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知， The （13）is now in our collective grasp．句意为现在，我们共同掌握了治愈方法．它涉及控制我们的摄取或下载，并增加我们的活动负荷水平．A． puzzle困惑；B．cure治愈；C．regret后悔；D． favor支持．故选B．（14）D．考查动词．根据上下文内容可知， It involves controlling our intake， or downloading， and （14）our levels of activity﹣uploading．句意为现在，我们共同掌握了治愈方法．它涉及控制我们的摄取或下载，并增加我们的活动负荷水平．A． analysing分析；B．maintaining坚持；C．featuring形成；D．increasing增加．故选D．（15）A．考查形容词．根据上下文内容可知，But using the networked computer as a download﹣only device， or even a download﹣mainly device， is a（15）opportunitythat history affords us．句意为但是，将网络计算机用作仅下载设备，甚至是主要下载设备，是历史给我们带来的浪费的机会．A． wasted浪费的；B．treasured珍贵的；C． multiplied乘的；D． revised 修正的．故选A．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.（A）Dame Zaha Hadid, the Iraqi﹣born British architect whose tall structures left a mark on skylines and imaginations around the world and in the process reshaped architecture for the modern age．She was not an average designer． She liberated architectural geometry（几何）, giving it a whole new expressive identity． Geometry became, in her hands, a vehicle for unprecedented and eye﹣popping new spaces． Her buildings elevated uncertainty to anart, conveyed in the odd ways．Her work implying mobility, speed, freedom and uncertainty spoke to a worldview widely shared by a younger generation． "I am not European, I don’t do conventional work and I am a woman, ’’ Strikingly Ms． Hadid never allowed herself on her work to be categorized by her background or her gender． And she was one of a kind, a path breaker． In 2004, she became the first woman to win the Pritzker Prize, architecture’s Nobel．Zaha Hadid was born in Baghdad on October 31, 1950． Then in 1972, she arrived at the architectural association in London, a center for experimental design． Her teachers included Elia Zenghelis and Rem Koolhaas．“They aroused my ambition,” she would recall, “and taught me to trust even my strangest instincts．” B y the 1980s she had established her own practice in London． And she began to draw attention with an unrealized plan in 1982﹣1983 for the Peak Club．Her partner, Patrick Schumacher, played an instrumental and collaborative role in her career． Mr． Schumacher coined the term parametric（参数的） design to include the computer﹣based approach that helped the firm’s most weird concepts become reality． Ms． Hadid called what resulted in an organic language of architecture, based on these new tools, which allow us to combine highly complex forms into a fluid（流线的）and complete whole．Her sources were nature, history or whatever she sought useful． When her Rosenthal Center, a relatively modest project, opened in 2003, Herbert Muschamp, the architecture crit ic declared it “the most important American building to be completed since the end of the cold war”．“She was bigger than life, a force of nature, ” as Amale Andraos, the dean of Columbia University’s architecture school, put it, “she was a pioneer．”She was． For women, for what cities can desire to build and for the art of architecture．（1）What features the structures designed by Zaha Hadid？________A.Free architectural geometry．B.Conventional design．C.Odd imagination．D.Colorful patterns．．（2）According to Paragraphs 3 and 4， which of the following statement is TRUE？________A.Zaha Hadid taught herself to trust instincts．B.The plan for the Peak Club hasn’t been carried out．C.The architect’s gender influenced her work dramatically．D.Zaha Hadid was the first architect to win the Pritzker Prize．．（3）How did the computer﹣based approach make a difference to Zaha Hadid’s work？________A.It contributes to realizing the strange ideas．B.It simplifies the complex structure as a whole．C.It provides new tools to translate the language．D.It serves as an instrument to interpret the concepts．．（4）The purpose of the passage is to________．A.present Zaha Hadid’s life experienceB.praise Zaha Hadid’s inspiration and diligencepare Zaha Hadi d’s works in different timesD.show Zaha Hadid’s great contributions to architecture．【答案】ABAD【考点】故事类阅读记叙文阅读【解析】文章介绍著名的建筑师扎哈•哈迪德夫人的建筑风格和对世界建筑的贡献．【解答】（1）A．细节理解题．根据文章第二段的句子 She liberated architectural geometry（几何）， giving it a whole new expressive identity．可知，扎哈哈迪德设计的结构特点是自由建筑几何．故选A．（2）B．细节理解题．根据文章第四段的句子And she began to draw attention with an unrealized plan in 1982﹣1983 for the Peak Club．可知，山顶俱乐部的计划还没有执行．故选B．（3）A．细节理解题．根据文章第五段的句子 Mr． Schumacher coined the term parametric（参数的） design to include the computer﹣based approach that helped the firm’s most weird concepts become reality．可知，基于计算机的方法使扎哈•哈迪德的工作与众不同，有助于实现这些奇怪的想法．故选A．（4）D．写作意图题．根据文章第一段的句子 Dame Zaha Hadid， the Iraqi﹣born British architect whose tall structures left a mark on skylines and imaginations around the world and in the process reshaped architecture for the modern age．扎哈•哈迪德夫人，出生于伊拉克的英国建筑师，其高大的建筑在世界各地的天际线和想象中留下了印记，并在这一过程中重塑了现代建筑．可知，展示扎哈•哈迪德对建筑的伟大贡献．故选D．2020 SAN FRANCISCOWRITERS CONFERENCE17th Celebration of Craft, Commerce & CommunityFebruary 13﹣16, 2020 at the Hyatt Regency San FranciscoSpeakers: *Walter Mosley*Jonathan Maberry*Brooke WarnerPlus authors, editors, publishers & literary agents from New York, L．A． & S．F． Bay AreaVisit www．SFWriters．org to get event/contest/scholarship details, access online registration for the free SFWC Newsletter．Considerable Early Discounts and Special Room Rates!2019 SAN FRANCISCOWRITING FOR CHANGEA one﹣day conference for all writers who want to change the world through their writing． September 14th at the Unitarian Center Details and registration:www．SFWritingforChange．orgSFWC/San Francisco Writers Foundation is a nonprofit organizationBehind the Scenes of a Writing ConferenceWhen you attend a writing conference, you see a ________ that took months or longer to make up． Plenty is going on behind the scenes．Let’s take a loo k behind the curtain．The day starts long before attendees walk through the door． Registration is set up, signs posted and tables arranged． Logistics （后勤） all fall on the conference organizers． For example, the annual conference I direct in San Francisco （see the poster above） is a simple one﹣day conference that takes more than eight months to put together and around 15 staff and volunteers to manage． Larger multi﹣day conferences have even more goingon behind the scenes．Overseeing it all is the conference director, a conductor who typically works with committee directors to make sure everything runs smoothly． Over the course of the conference, staffers make sure everything stays on track．It’s not unusual for staff to walk miles in a day and go without meals．Conference staff and volunteers are always behind the curtains making sure your experience is perfect． The next time you attend a well﹣run writing conference, take a moment to thank staff and volunteers for their devotion． They deserve all the praise they can get because without them, there would be no conference．（1）The underlined word facade refers to________．A.the effort behind the scenesB.the scenes visible to the publicC.the literary masterpiece on displayD.the material distributed at the meeting．（2）What’s the latest time to start to arrange for the one﹣day conference in San Francisco？________A.July， 2019．B. March， 209．C. September， 2019．D. January， 2019．．（3）According to the writer， the attendees of the 2020 San Francisco Writers Conference should praise the________．A.three speakersB. authors and editorsC. staff and volunteersD. corporate sponsors．【答案】BCC【考点】广告布告类阅读应用文阅读【解析】文章介绍2020年旧金山作家大会的安排和一些幕后工作．【解答】（1）B．词义猜测题．根据划线词下文的句子Plenty is going on behind the scenes．可知，上文是幕前的工作．故选B．（2）C．细节理解题．根据文章的2019 SAN FRANCISCO WRITING FOR CHANGE A one﹣day conference for all writers who want to change the world through their writing．September 14th at the Unitarian Center Details and registration上次安排在旧金山举行为期一天的会议的时间是2019年9月．故选C．（3）C．细节理解题．根据文章最后一段的句子The next time you attend a well﹣run writing conference， take a moment to thank staff and volunteers for their devotion．可知，2020年旧金山作家大会的与会者应该赞扬工作人员和志愿者．故选C．Each year, backed up by a growing anti﹣consumerist movement, people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less．Driven by concerns about resource exhaustion, over recent years environmentalists have increasingly turned their sights on our “consumer culture”． Groups such as The Story of Stuff and Buy Nothing New Day are growing as a movement that increasingly blames all our ills on our desire to shop．We clearly have a growing resource problem． The produces we make, buy, and use are often linked to the destruction of our waterways, biodiversity, climate and the land on which millions of people live． But to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem．While we complain about environmental destruction over Christmas, environmentalists often forget what the holiday season actually means for many people． For most, Christmas isn’t an add﹣on to an already heavy shopping year． In fact, it is likely the only time ofyear many have the opportunity to spend on friends and family, or even just to buy the necessities needed for modern life．This is particularly, true for Boxing Day, often the target of the strongest derision（嘲弄）by anti﹣consumerists． While we may laugh at the queues in front of the shops, for many, those sales provide the one chance to buy items they’ve needed all year． As Leigh Phillips argues, “this is one of the few times of the year that people can even hope to afford such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents their kids are asking for, or just an appliance that works．”Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions． This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account that those shopping on Boxing Day are only a small part of our consumption “problem” anyway． Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring such people as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own￡1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?Anyway, anti﹣consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choices, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problems． It is no wonder one is changing their behaviours﹣or that environmental destruction continues without any reduction in intensity．（1）It is indicated in the 1st paragraph that during the holiday season， many consumers________．A.ignore resource problemsB.are fascinated with presentsC.are encouraged to spend lessD.show great interest in the movement．．（2）It can be inferred from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the environmentalistmovement________．A.has targeted the wrong personsB.has achieved its intended purposesC.has taken environment﹣friendly measuresD.has benefited both consumers and producers．（3）The example of Roman Abramovich is used to show environmentalists’________．A.madness about life choicesB.discontent with rich lifestyleC.ignorance about the real causeD.disrespect for holiday shoppers．（4）It can be concluded from the text that telling people not to shop at Christmasis________．A.anything less than a responsibilityB. nothing more than a biasC. indicative of environmental awarenessD. unacceptable to ordinary people．【答案】CACB【考点】社会文化类阅读议论文阅读【解析】本文介绍环保主义者鼓励人们在假期的时候少花钱购物，作者认为实际上对环境造成影响的是那些富有的人，不是普通人．【解答】（1）C．细节理解题．根据文章第一段的句子 people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less．可知，第一段指出，在假日期间，鼓励许多消费者减少开支．故选C．（2）A．细节理解题．根据文章第三段的句子But to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided， and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem．可知，从第2和第3段可以推断，环境保护主义运动针对的是错误的人．故选A．（3）C．细节理解题．根据文章倒数第二段的句子 Why are environmentalists attackingthese individuals， while ignoring such people as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich可知，阿布拉莫维奇的例子被用来表明环保主义者对真正的原因的无知．故选C．（4）B．细节理解题．根据文章第四段的句子While we complain about environmental destruction over Christmas， environmentalists often forget what the holiday season actually means for many people．可知，从课文中可以得出结论，告诉人们圣诞节不要购物不过是一种偏见．故选B．Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A．Regrettably， that point has not yet come．B．Elephant numbers started falling．C．The existence of even a small legal market increases the opportunities for illegal trade．D．They point out that they have devoted huge resources to the elephant．E．In the long run technology can help make trade coexist with conservation．F．One animal， as so often in the past， will attract much of the attention： the African elephant．The Ban on Trading Ivory（象牙） is Unfair but NecessaryAs in some countries elephant population have recovered， there are competing proposals about how absolute the ban on elephant trading should be． Countries seeking a modest relaxation have a strong case to make． But it is not strong enough． The ban must stay．Understandably， countries that have done a good job protecting their elephants feel this is unfair．（1）________And the real burden of all this is borne by poor local people who are in competition with wildlife for resources， and sometimes in conflict with it﹣elephants can be destructive． People and governments， so the argument goes， need to have an economic stake（利害关系）in the elephants’ survival． The ivory trade would give them one．To understand why these reasonable﹣sounding proposals should be rejected， consider what has happened to elephant numbers since some legal trade was authorised， when Botswana， Namibia and South Africa were allowed in 2007 to sell a fixed amount of ivory to Japan．（2）________A survey conducted in 2014﹣15 estimated that elephant numbers had fallen by 30% across 18 countries since 2007．（3）________ In better﹣resourced national parks， drones are used to make it easier for park keepers to spot illegal hunters． DNA testing of ivory can identify where they came from， and thus whether they are legal． As prices of the technologies fall and countries get richer， both technologies are likely to spread．The objection to trade in products of endangered species is not moral． When the world is confident that it will boost elephant numbers rather than wipe them out， the ivory trade should be encouraged．（4）________ And until it does， the best hope for the elephant﹣and even more endangered species， such as rhinos（犀牛）﹣lies not in easing the ban on trading their products， but in enforcing it better．【答案】D,B,E,A【考点】说明文七选五【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了象牙贸易禁令是不公平但。
2020届上海市汇知学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案
2020届上海市汇知学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhat to Eat—and What to Skip—When It Comes to Takeout FoodIf the burden on your wallet doesn't bother you much, the effect your takeout habit can have on your waistline just might arouse your attention. Here's the best and worst of the lot for your belly.Steamed Vegetable Dumplings: Order This.When she orders Chinese, registered dietitian nutritionist Elisa Zied gets an order of steamed vegetable dumplings. "I often pair them with either chicken and broccoli in brown sauce（I ask for a little saucemade without sugar）or steamed shrimp dumplings," she tells us.Crab Wontons: Not That!When you deconstruct crab wontons, it's easy to see why they're a "Not That!" The inside is filled with crabmeat and cream cheese（which is just a fancy, spreadable fat）.The wonton is made of refined flour, egg and salt and the crispy（脆的）coating is a result of a deep oil bath.Peking Duck: Order This.Most of the fat from the skin flows out of the duck over the course of cooking, making this a healthier choice than most of the stir-fry dishes available. Order a side of steamed vegetables and serve it with a small scoop of brown rice. Done and done!Sweet and Sour Anything: Not That!Anything with “sweet and sour” in its title is a powerful cue that something has been deep-fried and covered in a sickly-sweet pink sauce. If you pair your selection with a side of rice, you're looking at a 1,000-calorie meal.Summer Roll: Order This.Summer rolls are steamed instead of fried—and typically filled with lean proteins and vegetables, making them a winning appetizer in our book. Pair them with an order of edamame（毛豆）and a broth-based soup for a satisfying, filling meal.Spring Roll: Not That!Spring=deep-fried, which is why we say to skip them! They're filled with fat and calories your belly doesn't need.1.What kind of cooking method should be skipped according to the text?A.Steaming.B.Stir-frying.C.Deep-frying.D.Boiling.2.Which of the following suits as a good starter for a meal?A.Chicken and broccoli.B.Steamed vegetable dumplings.C.Peking duck.D.Summer rolls.3.Where can the text be found?A.In a recipe.B.In a guidebook.C.In a science fiction.D.In a health magazine.BGrowing up as kids we are told to share our toys and notto be selfish. We also live in an age when discussing our feelings is encouraged. But when does it all become too much? With new crazes trending all the time, such as dance challenges and wearing a carpet as a dress, the question is: when can sharing become oversharing on social media?“Oversharing” has become associated with social media, but it isn'texclusiveto this platform. Imagine you head to a party and meet x k w someone. Within five minutes they have revealed private details about their life. While some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage advisor Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could come from a strong desire to connect with someone. But how does this translate to social media?Dr. Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology (网络心理学），says the more details people disclose, the less sympathy we express when things go wrong. It seems that searching for sympathy by oversharing is generally considered as negative rather than the cry for help it could really be.However, Dr. Hand's research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become-provided that the posts that we bang out are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD said that we should avoid complaining and being negative online. We should also avoid showing off, especially about our love lives. It makes sense-if your date is going “that well", would you really have time to share a photo with text?So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your friends in real life. They would probably be happy to tell you if your posts about your breakfast or your complaints about your lack of money really are too much.4. What does the underlined word “exclusive" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Unique.B. Similar.C. Relevant.D. Fundamental.5. Why do some people prefer oversharing at parties?A. To draw others' attention.B. To satisfy others' curiosity.C. To remove negative feelings.D. To develop good relationships.6. Which of the following may Dr. Hand agree with?A. Sharing more details online can attract more sympathy.B. Oversharing negative experiences is equal to crying for help.C. Sharing negative posts can't help one become socially attractive.D. Oversharing isn't likely to happen online when things go wrong.7. According to the text, what should be avoided for online sharing?A. Reflecting on past bad manners.B. Showing a great many expensive goods.C. Writing a recipe for a balanced breakfast.D. Recording unforgettable moments with friends.CWhen you walk with a backpack, do you know how the things inside move from side to side? Now scientists havefigured out how to tap into that movement to produce electricity.Picture a pendulum (摆锤) fixed to a backpack frame and stabilized with springs on either side. The pack’s weight is attached to the pendulum, so the pendulum swings side to side as you walk.Then a machine is driven by that swinging movement, and spits out electrical current to charge a battery.Volunteers carried the pack while walking on a running machine and wore masks to measure the flow of O2and CO2. Walking with the slightly swinging 20-pound load, the device (设备) did not significantly affect the volunteers’ metabolic (新陈代谢的) rate compared to when they carried the same weight fixed in place. In fact, the energy-harvesting pack reduced the forces of acceleration they’d feel in a regular pack, which might meangreater comfort for a long hike. And the device did produce a steady trickle (涓流) of electricity. If you up the load to 45 pounds, the swing of the pack could fully charge a smart phone only after 12 hours. The details are in the journal Royal Society Open Science.The device produces electricity from human movement and has been identified as a workable solution to providing a renewable energy source for portable electronic devices. It is particularly useful for those who work in remote areas, as these people often carry a lot of weight in a backpack for their exploration.But here’s a realconundrum: the energy-harvesting device currently weighs five pounds. The researchers say that’s about four pounds too many to be a smart alternative to batteries. So they hope that more research lets them lighten the load, to ensure the pack charges you up without weighing you down.8. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. How the device works.B. What the device looks like.C. Who the device is designed for.D. Why scientists designed the device.9. Which of the following describes the device?A. It greatly affected the volunteers metabolic rate.B. It harvested energy as the volunteers walk.C. It failed to produce steady electricity.D. It was useless for a long walk.10. What does the underlined word “conundrum” in the last paragraph mean?A. Problem.B. Method.C. Bond.D. Decision.11. What will the researchers try to do next?A. Increase the charging speed of their device.B. Find smarter alternatives to batteries.C. Reduce the weight of their device.D. Put their device on the market.DGlobal food demand will double by 2050, according to a new projection, and the farming techniques used to meet that unprecedented(空前的) demand will significantly determine how severe the impact is on the environment, researchers said.The study researchers warned that meeting the demand for food would clear more land, increase nitrogen(氮) use and significantly add to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions.“Agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions could double by2050 if current trends in global food production continue,” study researcher David Tilman, of theUniversityofMinnesota, said in a statement. “This would be a major problem, since global agriculture already accounts for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions.”The researchers studied various ways in which the increasing food demand could be mentioned. They found that the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach would be for more food producers to adopt the nitrogen-efficient “intensive” farming method, which involves the heavy use of labor and the production of more crops per acre.This approach was shown to be more effective than the “extensive” farming currently practiced by many poor nations, a method that includes clearing more new land to produce more food.Different farming methods produce significantly different yields, the researchers found — in 2005, the crop yields for the wealthiest nations were more than 300 percent higher than what the poorest nations produced.According to their analysis of the effects of extensive farming, if poorer nations continue using this method, by 2050theywill have cleared an area larger than theUnited States, about 2.5 billion acres. However, if wealthy nations help poorer nations to improve food yields by incorporating(吸收) intensive farming practices, that number could be reduced to half a billion acres.The researchers stress that the environmental effects of meeting future food demand depend on how global agriculture expands and develops.“Our analyses show that we cansave most of the Earth’s remaining ecosystems by helping the poorer nations of the world feed themselves,” Tilman said.12. What is the best title of this passage?A. The World Will Need Double Food by 2050B. Man Will Face the Risk of Lacking Food in the FutureC. Future Farmers Hold Environment’s Fate in Their HandsD. Different Farming Methods Produce Significantly Different Yields13. The character of the extensive farming is ________.A. very cost-effectiveB. to produce more crops per acreC. at cost of more new land to produce more foodD. very environmentally friendly14. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. poorer nations mainly use the intensive farmingB. wealthy nations mainly use the extensive farmingC. the intensive farming needs less food producersD. the extensive farming has a worse effect on ecosystems15. According to the passage, the underlined word “they” in the 7th paragraph refers to “________”.A. poorer nationsB. the effects of extensive farmingC. wealthy nationsD.future food demand第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市普陀区高考英语一模试卷
A．adapt B．conventions C．classified D．crucial E．diagnosed
F．intellectual G．issues H．literary I．miss J．repeated K．trials
Autism Spectrum Disorder，or ASD，affects how people communicate with and relate to others．Most people with autism don’t understand some of the basic social（1）_______ that others take for granted．They might have trouble making eye contact，holding a conversation，or recognizing gestures．And over one﹣third of people with ASD are nonverbal，meaning they don’t use speech．Along with communication（2）_______，people with autism often like to follow certain patterns or（3）_______ behaviors．Many are sensitive to bright light or loud noises，and others have physical problems，like trouble walking or picking up small objects．Some have（4）_______ disabilities，but about half have average or above average IQs．It’s also common for people with autism to have a great long﹣term memory for certain details，and many excel in math，science，music，or art．
2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections : After reading the passage below , fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word , fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word ； for the other blanks , use one word that best fits each blank.1.Once upon a time …Once upon a time there lived in Germany two brothers . At school they met a wise man who led them to a treasure 一a library of old books with tales more fascinating than any they had ever heard . (1) (inspire), the brothers began collecting their own stories , listening to the folktales people told them . Soon they produced their own treasure — a book of fairy talesthat would charm millions in faraway lands for generations (2) (come).The brothers Grimm , Jacob and Wilhelm, named their story collection Children published it in Germany in 1812 . The collection ( 3) (translate) into more than 160 languages up to now . The stories and their characters continue tofeature in virtually every media : theatre , opera, comic books, movies, paintings , rock music, advertisingand fashion .Such fame would have shocked the modest Grimms . During their lifetimes the collection (4) (sell) few copies in Germany . The early editions were not even aimed at children . They had no illustrations , and scholarly footnotes took up almost as much space as the tales (5) . Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm began their work at a time (6) Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon . The new rulers restricted local culture . As young scholars, the brothers Grimm began to work on the fairy tale collection in order to save the endangered oral storytelling tradition of Germany .(7) the brothers implied that they were just keeping records of tales , Wilhelm continued to polish and reshape the stories up to the final edition of 1857 . In an effort to make them more acceptable to children and their parents , he stressed the moral of each tale and emphasized gender roles . To this day, parents still read them to their children because they approve of the lessons in the stories : keep your promises , don' t talk to strangers work hard , obey your parents .Yet (8) all Wilhelm ' s additithesmost important part of these stories was left untouched . The cruel treatment of children and the violent punishments handed out to the stories ' bad sampled . More than 1 , 000 small pieces of plastic per litre were found in the River Tame , which was (3) last year as the most polluted place tested worldwide . Even in relatively remote places such as the Falls ofDochart and Loch Lomond in Scotland , two or three pieces per litre were found .Microplastics are not a (4) kind of plastic , but rather any type of small pieces of plastic that is less than5 mm in length according to the U . S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . They may (5) from a variety of sources , including cosmetics , clothing , and industrial processes .Humans are known to ( 6) the tiny plastic particles through food and water , but the possible health effects on people and ecosystems have yet to be determined . One study, in Singapore, has found that microplastics can (7) harmful microbes (微生物).Research by the National University of Singapore found more than 400 types of bacteria on 275 pieces of microplastic collected from local beaches . They included insects that cause gastroenteritis (肠胃炎) and wound 8 8) in humans . "Microplastics are being found (9) everywhere but we do not know the harm they could be doing ," said Christian Dunn at Bangor University , Wales, who led the work . "It ' s no use looking back in 20 yearsIf only we ' d realized just how bad it waWe need to be monitoring our waters now and we need to think , as a country and a world , how we can be reducing our (10) on plastic."III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections : For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A , B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Since 2008, the average labour — force participation rate of 55 — to 64 - year — olds in OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ) countries has risen by eight percentage points . A new OECD report, “ Working Better with Age pointjs out that the employment of older workers is (1) , if prosperity is to be maintained . That can be taken as a sign that our society is finally (2) the value of its older employees.Retirement gives you the chance to sleep late and avoid the morning rush hours . No longer do you have to sit through endless meetings or check email frequently . But work can keep the mind active and gives people a (3) in life . The first month of retirement may seem pleasant, but (4) is sure to come . Grand plans to learn languages and travel the world can quickly lose their appeal . (5) , the company ofcolleagues provides a social network; spending all week at home can lead to loneliness .are Woiminghlcooigso meould be easier now that most jobs require (6) , rather than manual, labour . Ofparents .So what accounts for their popularity ? Some have suggested that it is (9) the characters are always striving for happiness . But the truth probably lies in their origin . Grimms' tales were born out of a storytelling tradition without boundaries (界限) of age or culture . The brothers ' skill was to translate these into a universal style of writing that seems to mirror (10) moods or interests we bring to our reading of them . And so it was that the Grimms ' fairy tales lived happily ever afterSection BDirections : Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. distributedB . absolutelyC. infections D. consumeE. harborF. relianceG. potentialH. specificI. originateJ. respectivelyK. revealed Microplastic PollutionIn the past few years , scientists have found microplastics in our soil , tap water, bottled water , beer and even in the air we breathe . And there ' s growing concern about the 1) health risks they poseto humans . The new analysis in the UK have discovered microplastics widely ( 2) across all 10 lakes and riverscourse, many people are working longer not because they enjoy what they do, but because they cannot afford to ⑺ . That is not just because governments have been pushing up the state retirement age .(8), the average age at which people actually retire differs from the official age by several years . In part, that is because many people do not rely on the state pension as their only source of income and need work — related pensions to supplement it .However, companies are gradually ( 9) pensions linked to final salaries with“ defined contributischemes. Under the latter, workers end up with a pot of savings at retirement that needs to be (10). The income from such pots has been reduced by very low interest rates . Women tend to have smaller retirement pots (thanks to their years spent raising children ) , making their difficulties even more (11). They need to keep working .Older workers may feel (12) , particularly when it comes to promotion . Two issues seem to hold(13) back. The first is that older workers tend to (14) higher salaries, because of the seniority system . The second is a (15) of skills; one in three 55 — to 65 — year — olds in OECD countries either lack computer experience or cannot pass technology tests . Such problems can be resolved with proper training, but the over — 55s should take it upon themselves to keep up with technological changes .s and Household Tales andnd saying：guys(1)A.shortsightedB.vitalC.adequateD.unnecessary(2)A.recognizingB.assessingC.questioningD.transforming(3)A.frameB.choiceC.lessonD.purpose(4)A.libertyB.boredomC.priorityD.motivation(5)A.HoweverB.InsteadC.ThereforeD.Furthermore(6)A.mentalB.simpleC.physicalD.routine(7)A.proceedB.continueC.persistD.quit(8)A.In conclusionB.In other wordsC.In practiceD.In particular(9)A.replacingB.furnishingC.increasingbining(10 )A.registeredB.reinvestedC.refundedD.removed(11)A.personalB.severeC.emotionalD.practical(12 )petitiveB.dominantC.distinguishedD.disadvantaged(13 )A.employersB.researchersC.employeesD.female workers(14 )mandB.ensureC.opposeD.ignore(15 )A.rangeB.disciplineC.shortageD.s Section BDirections : Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished each of them there are four choices marked A , B, C and D. Choose one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Agnes de Mille was a dancer and a choreographer (编舞). Early in her career, de Mille had created the choreograph called Three Virgins and a Devil . She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it.A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo . Again, she thought her work was solid, but it res commercial fame .Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success . In the comin Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2, 212 performances, both around the nation and abroad . In 1955, the film vers Academy Award .But the success of Oklahoma! didn ' t bring her much hapSh e sthought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average co of her other creations . She later said, “After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a wo only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine . I began to think that perhaps my entire scale untrustworthy . I talked to Martha .”Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20thcentury . (Although not as well — known by the general public, Graham has been compared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright.)During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration . "I confessed that I desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be .”Graham responded by saying,“There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into acti on, and beca only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique . And if you block it, it will never exist through any othe will be lost . The world will not have it . It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor with other expressions . It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open .”(1)What can be learned about de Mille ' s ballet named Rodeo A. Itearned her a large fortune .B.It made her rise to fame overnight .C.It didn ' t enjoy much essD. It laid a solid foundation for her career ..(2)How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma! ?A. Relieved.B. Ashamed.C. Confused.D. Proud..(3)) Picasso and Frank Lloyd Wright were mentioned in the passage to suggest that Martha GrahamA.was outstanding in visual arts and architectureB.enjoyed the same popularity as themD. Housing Options and SolutionsOn August 29th, as Hurricane Dorian tracked towards America'困0raMicoas t he boss of Tesla,anelectric — car maker, announced that some of his customers in the storm ' s path would findthat their cars had.oomjddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery charge . Like many modernvehicles, Mr. Musk' s products are best thought of as internet- connected computers on wheels . The cheaper models in Tesla ' -sdineave parts of their batteries disabled by the car order'tosiBofttheiie inrange. At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers temporaryaccess to the full power of their batteries .Mr. Musk' s computerized cars are just one example of a much broaier trend . As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to bake them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers, creating an a internet of things ”Such a world will bring many benefits . Consumers will get convenience, and products that can do things non 一 computerized versions cannot . Businesses will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be uncertain becomes concrete and analyzable .In the long term, though, the most obvious effects will be in how the world works . Ever more companies will become tech companies; the internet will become everywhere . As a result, a series of unresolved arguments will spill over from the virtual world into the real one .Start with ownership . As Mr Musk showed, the internet gives firms the ability to stay connected to their productseven after they have been sold, transforming them into something closer to services than goods . That has already made the traditional ideas of ownership unclear . When Microsoft closed its ebook store in July, for instance, its customers lost the ability to read titles they had bought (the firm offered refunds ). That shifts the balance of power from thecustomer to the seller .Virtual business models will in the physical world . Tech firms are generally happy to move fast andbreak things . But you cannot release the beta version (测试版) of a fridge . Apple, a smartphonemaker, provides updates for its phones for only five years or so after their release; users of Android smartphones are lucky to get two . But goods such as washing machines or industrial machinery can have lifespans of a decade or more . Firms will need to work out how to support complicated computerised devices long after their original programmers have moved on .Data will be another flashpoint . For much of the internet the business model is to offer” freepaid for with valuable user data, collected with consent (同意) that is half — informed at best . In thevirtualworld, arguments about what should be tracked, and who owns the resulting data, can seem airy and theoretical . In the real one, they will feel more urgent .Predicting the consequences of any technology is hard — especially one as universal as computing . The emergence of the consumer internet, 25 years ago, was met with starry — eyed optimism . These days the internet ' s faults dominate the headlinesBut the people have the advantage of having lived through the first internet revolution — which should give them some idea of what to expect .11)From the passage we can tell that Tesla can. A. drive faster than usual in extreme weatherB.adjust the range of its battery powerC.charge the battery at the tap of a keyboardD. operate when the battery is fully drained .(2)Which of the following is NOT an example of the a unresolved arguments " mentioned in the passageA.Early adopters of certain apps find that they ceased to work after the firm lost interest .B.The insurance company uses data from fitness trackers to adjust customers (保费premiumsputerized machinery can ' t predict its breakdowns or schedule preventive maintenanceD. A high — tech fridge company restricts its customers from repairing their fridges themselves ..(3)The underlined word probably means in this context .A. boomB. conflictC. vanishD. expand.(4)4) This passage is mainly about.A.how the world will change as computers spread into everyday objectsB.the adoption of electric vehicles and the possible problems to expectC.what should be done to prevent the breakdown of computerized devicesD.different views on the current application of Internet Technology .Section CDirections : Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Creativity is associated with many factors .B.Rather, they should work to expand , grow , and exercise it.C.Without creativity , we are indistinguishable from the masses .D.However, creativity can be acquired at any age .E.It ' s hard to work out where exactly creativity comes fromF.Everyone has the capacity to be creative .Essential Creativity In a recent survey in America , 62% of people said that creativity was more important to success in the workplace than theyhad anticipated it would be when they were in school .11)It is of course possible to scan people ' s brains and see tw hich fping when an idea iscreated ,but rather more romantically it can be thought of as something that cannot be identified . Creativity is what comes to youwhen you least expect it . You cannot demand creativity from your mind , nor can you demand that you areseeaices ithat paeticular way .One misconception about creativity is that it is reserved for a few special people Another misconception isthat creativity is all about the arts but this simply isn and science in just the way it does to music andliterature .Those who see things differently to others and are confident enough to make their ideas a reality are the ones who make thegreatest changes in the world . Consequently , it is incredibly important that schools do not prevent creativity . ⑶Students should be taught to ask questions and investigate when things do not makesense. They need to learn to view mistakes as opportunities for learning rather than something that was unsuccessful.It is worrying that many schools are less concerned now with nurturing creativity when this is the most important time inhistory for it . It used to be that people worked hard , went to university , and got a job . That was it. But now ,everyone works hard , goes to university — and there aren ' t the jobs out there that guarantee a safe future . (4) Wecan use it to set ourselves apart , and channel it to face the challenges of thefuture .IV.Summary WritingDirections ： Read the following passage . Summarize the main idea and the main point ( s) of the passage in no more than60 words . Use your own words as far as possible .The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area . During the last 100 years , scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity . Some studies show that one in eight plant species is threatened with extinction . It is estimated that 140 ,000 species of plants are lost each year.Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans . The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests . Most of this destruction is done to create pasture (牧场) for beef cattle . Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming , which supplies beef to the rest of the world . It is estimatedthat for each pound of beef produced , 200 square feet of rainforest are destroyed . The forests are also cut down to makewheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption . The introduction of exotic (夕卜来的) species is another threat .The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife , whichcould potentially lead to the extinctions of local species . When exotic species are introduced to a place , they try to establish a self — sustaining population . While the local species , which haven ' t had a chance to evo,lveoften lack defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species .The disappearance of certain food animals can be disastrous not only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem. Itis these small creatures which convert much of the energy in an ecosystem from unusable(i. e. microscopic plants , decaying matter, etc.) into usable forms , namely their bodies . Their absence makes mostenergy and nutrients trapped in forms unusable to other species . This makes the environment less suitable for healthyliving , and less capable of producing resources that humans need .V.TranslationDirections : Translate the following sentences into English , using the words given in the brackets.我家门口的街道成天车水马龙. (crowd )This is not trueext中国女排成功卫冕世界冠军，给全国人民以极大的鼓舞．（succeed） ____________本次“城市公共交通周”的活动旨在提高公众节能环保的意识．（aim）___________我实在想不通为什么大伙儿都觉得他这个人高不可攀，我印象中他挺和蔼可亲的．（strike）__________ VI.Guided WritingDirections : Write an English composition in 120 — 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese假设你是陈芳．你的好友王敏是新华中学的学生，下个月将去英国的姐妹校交流访问．王敏想拍摄一个短片，向英国的同学和老师介绍自己的学校．她通过邮件向你征求意见．写一封回信，内容须包括：I、短片的主题以及与之匹配的主要内容；2、你选择这些内容的理由．参考答案与试题解析2020年上海市徐汇区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections : After reading the passage below , fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word , fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word ； for the other blanks , use one word that best fits each blank.1.【答案】Inspired,to come,has been translated,wassold,themselves,when,Though/Although/While,despite,because,what/whatever【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】本文讲述了格林童话的作者的写作经历，分析了受欢迎的原因是格林的故事是在没有年龄和文化界限的讲故事传统的基础上诞生的.【解答】(1)Inspired .考查派生词.做状语，说明主语the brothers的状态，表示受到鼓舞的“，用形容词Inspired .(2)to come .考查动词不定式.做定语，修饰名词generations ,表示将要到来的“，用动词不定式tocome.(3)has been translated .考查谓语动词.和时间状语up to now 一致，用现在完成时态，和主语The collection构成被动关系，谓语动词用has been translated .(4)was sold.考查谓语动词.根据时间状语During their lifetimes ,可知谓语动词用过去式，和主语the collection构成被动关系，用was sold.(5)themselves .考查反身代词.代指the tales ,表示强调，用反身代词themselves .(6)when . 考查定语从句. 修饰先行词 a time , 做定语从句Germany had been occupied by the French under Napoleon的时间状语，用关系词when .(7)Though/Although/While .考查状语从句.本句表示虽然兄弟俩暗示他们只是在记录故事，威廉继续润色和重塑故事，直到1857年的最终版本.”，所以引导让步状语从句the brothers implied that they were just keeping records of tales , 用Though/Although/While .(8)despite .考查介词.修饰名词all Wilhelm ' s addition表示尽管“，用介词despite .(9)because.考查表示表语从句.本句表示这是因为角色总是在追求幸福”，所以引导表语从句the characters are always striving for happiness ,用连词because.(10)what/whatever . 考查宾语从句.弓I导宾语从句moods or interests we bring to our reading of them , 做从句的宾语，用what/whatever .Section BDirections : Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.【答案】G.potential,Adistributed,K . revealed,H. specific」. originate,Dconsume,Eharbor,Cinfections,Babsolutely,Frelia nce【考点】选词填空【解析】在过去的几年里，科学家们在我们的土壤、自来水、瓶装水、啤酒甚至我们呼吸的空气中发现了微型塑料，人们越来越担心它们给人类带来的潜在健康风险.本文从多个研究角度呼吁人们需要想想，作为一个国家和一个世界，我们如何才能减少对塑料的依赖.【解答】(1)G. potential .考查单词填空.根据句意人们越来越担心它们给人类带来的潜在健康风险”可知表示潜在的”用G. potential .(2) A. distributed .考查单词填空.根据句意微型塑料广泛分布在所有10个湖泊和河流中.”可知表示分布“用A. distributed .(3)K. revealed .考查单词填空.根据句意塔姆河每升发现1000多小块塑料，去年被发现是世界上污染最严重的地方”可知表示揭示，发现”用K. revealed .(4)H. specific.考查单词填空.根据句意微塑料不是一种特定类型的塑料”可知表示特定的”用H.specific.(5)I. originate .考查单词填空.根据句意它们可以来源于多种来源，包括化妆品、服装和工业过程”可知表示来源于"用I. originate .(6) D. consume.考查单词填空.根据句意类通过食物和水摄入这些微小的塑料颗粒，”可知表示摄入”用D. consume.(7) E. harbor.考查单词填空.根据句意新加坡的一项研究发现，微型塑料可能藏匿有害微生物. ”可知表示藏匿”用E. harbor.(8) C. infections.考查单词填空.根据句意其中包括引起人类肠胃炎和伤口感染的昆虫. ”可知表示“‘用in humans.(9) B. absolutely .考查单词填空.根据句意微型塑料绝对是在任何地方都能被发现”可知表示绝对”用B. absolutely .(10) F. reliance .考查单词填空.根据句意作为一个国家和一个世界，我们如何才能减少对塑料的依赖.可知表示依赖”用F. reliance .111.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections : For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A , B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.【答案】BADBDADCABBDAAC【考点】社会文化【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人们为了自己的选择和需要而工作更长时间. 【解答】(1) B 考查形容词. A. shortsighted 近视；B. vital 重要的；C. adequate 充足的；D. unnecessary 没必要的；如果要保持繁荣，老年工人的就业至关重要.根据下一句 "That can be taken as a sign that our society is finally (2) the value of its older employees 这可以看作是我们的社会终于认识到老员工的价值.”可知老年员工很重要.故选B.(2) A 考查动词. A. recognizing 辨认出；B. assessing 评估；C. questioning 质问；D. transforming 转变；这可以看作是我们的社会终于认识到老员工的价值.故选 A. (3) D 考查名词.A. frame 框架；B. choice 选择；C. lesson 教训；D. purpose 目的；但是工作可以让 你的头脑保持活跃，给人们一个生活的目标.根据上一句 "But work can keep the mind active 可知说的是工作的好处.故选D.(4) B 考查名词.A. liberty 自由；B. boredom 无聊；C. priority 优先；D. motivation 动机；退休的头 一个月可能看起来很愉快，但无聊肯定会到来.根据下一句 "spending all week at home can lead to loneliness .可知不工作会很无聊.故选 B.(5) D 考查副词.A. However 然而；B. Instead 代替；C. Therefore 因此；D. Furthermore 此外；此外, 同事的陪伴提供了一个社交网络.故选 D.(6) A 考查形容词.A. mental 精神的；B. simple 简单的；C. physical 身体的；D. routine 日常；既然 大多数工作都需要脑力劳动，而不是体力劳动，那么延长工作时间应该会更容易些.根据下一句"ratherthanmanual, labour 而不是体力劳动，"可知是脑力劳动.故选 A.(7) D 考查动词.A. proceed 继续；B. continue 继续；C. persist 坚持；D. quit 退出；当然，许多人 之所以延长工作时间，并不是因为他们喜欢自己的工作，而是因为他们无力辞职.故选D.(8) C 考查介词短语. A. In conclusion 总之；B. In other words 换句话说； C. In practice 实际上；D. Inparticular 尤其；实际上，平均年龄实际退休的人与官方规定的年龄相差几年，故选 C.(9) A 考查动词.A. replacing 代替；B. furnishing 装饰；C. increasing 增力口； D. combining 联合；然而, 公司正逐步用固定缴款”计划取代与最终工资挂钩的养老金.故选A.(10)B 考查动词.A. registered 注册；B. reinvested 投资；C. refunded 退款； D. removed 移动；在后 者下，工人退休时会有一笔储蓄，需要再投资.故选B.(11)B 考查形容词.A. personal 个人的；B. severe 严重的；C. emotional 感情的；D. practical 实践 的；这要感谢在抚养孩子的这几年里，他们的困难更加严重，他们需要继续工作.故选B.(12)D 考查形容词.A. competitive 有竞争力的； B. dominant 优势；C. distinguished 杰出的；D. disadvantaged 劣势；老年工人可能会感到处于不利地位，尤其是在晋升方面.年老的工人在晋升方面肯 定是不利的.故选 D.(13)A 考查名词. A. employers 雇主； B. researchers 研究员 C. employees 顾工； D. female workers 女 工人；有两个问题似乎阻碍了雇主的发展.根据下文的 工人要求更高的薪水，技术的短缺 ”都是雇主需要考虑的问题.故选A.(14)A 考查动词.A. command 要求；B. ensure 确保；C. oppose 反对；D. ignore 忽视；首先是年长 的工人往往要求更高的薪水.故选 A.(15)C 考查名词.A. range 范围；B. discipline 纪律；C. shortage 短缺；D. set 放置；第二个问题是 技能短缺. 根据下——句 “one in three 55- to 65 — year — olds in OECD countries either lack computer experience orcannot pass technology tests .在经合组织国家，55至65岁的人中，有三分之一要么缺乏计算机经验，要么 无法通过技术测试.”可知是技术的短缺.故选C.Section BDirections : Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.【答案】C CD B【考点】 议论文阅读 科教类阅读 【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了艾格尼丝 ？德米勒作为一名舞蹈演员和编舞在职业生涯中获得的成功. 【解答】(1)C.细节理解题.根据文章第二段A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet namedRodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid , but it resulted in little commercial fame . 几年后， 德 ？米勒设 计了一部名为 罗多”的芭蕾舞剧，她又一次认为自己的作品是扎实的，但它并没有带来多少商业上的名 气.可知德米勒的芭蕾舞剧《牛仔竞技》它没有获得多少成功；故选C.(2)C.细节理解题.根据文章第四段She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared tosome of her other creations ,她以为她在俄克拉荷马州工作！与她的其他作品相比只是一般的.可知 德米勒 对音乐剧《俄克拉荷马州》的巨大成功感到困惑；故选C.(3)D,细节理解题.根据文章第五段 Martha was Martha Graham , perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century .(Although not as well - known by the general public , Graham has beencompared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright .玛莎是玛莎？格雷厄姆，也许是 20 世纪 最有影响力的舞蹈编导.(虽然公众并不那么有名，格雷厄姆被比作其他创作天才，如毕加索或弗兰克 ？劳埃德？赖特.可知文中提到毕加索和弗兰克 ？劳埃德？赖特是为了暗示玛莎？格雷厄姆是她所在领域最有影响力的艺术家；故选D.(4)B.细节理解题.根据文章最后一段The world will not have it . It is not your business to determine howgood it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions . It is your business to keep it yours clearly anddirectly , to keep the channel open .这个世界不会拥有它.这不是你的事来决定它有多好，它有多有价值， 它如何与其他表达方式相比.保持它的清晰和直接，保持频道开放是你的事.可知雷厄姆会认为你应该时刻 保持对激励你的欲望的开放；故选 B 【答案】B BC 【考点】 应用文阅读 广告布告类阅读 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个地区的集装箱的房子的特点以及其里面的一些设施 【解答】(1)B 细节理解题. 根据第——段Shipping containers are gaining popularity as an alternative to traditionalhouses. These 20- or 40 — foot containers can be obtained for a little as several hundred US dollars apiece , and it ' s not surprising that some industry professionals and even city planers consider them the future of home building . Below are details of some amazing homes made out of shipping containers . 装箱作为传统房屋的替代 品越来越受欢迎.这些 20英尺或40英尺的集装箱每件只要几百美元就可以买到，一些行业专业人士甚至城 市规划师认为它们是房屋建筑的未来也就不足为奇了用集装箱建造的房子. ”可知集装箱房子建造成本更低.故选B.(2)B 细节理解题. 根据倒数第二段"Eacresident enjoys a bathroom , kitchen and separate sleeping andstudying quarters . The complex even has central heating and high — speed internet as well as areas for parking bikes.每个居民都有浴室、厨房和独立的睡眠和学习区.该综合楼甚至有中央暖气和高速互联网以及停放自。
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第一学期高三年级期终调研测试英语试卷（完卷时间： 120分钟满分： 140分）第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a cosmetics shop. B. In a hospital. C. In a nutrition department. D. In a supermarket.2. A. Boss and secretary. B. Editor and publisher.C. Student and professor.D. Writer and reader.3. A. Open a wedding company. B. Try a new restaurant.C. Run his own bakery.D. Buy some insurance.4. A. The package is too big to deliver. B. The delivery can be made automatically.C. The woman will have lunch with the man.D. The man can make the delivery tomorrow morning.5. A. He was most difficult to satisfy. B. He set many special requirements.C. He inspected the project regularly.D. He was as common as other customers.6. A. An amazing book. B. A great woman. C. A scientific field. D. A strong voice.7. A. He himself is a big fan of Hepburn. B. He does not think the girl is like Hepburn.C. H e felt puzzled by girls’ love for Hepburn.D. He does not know anything about Hepburn.8. A. When to do mind-wandering. B. Where to have physical activities.C. How to keep attentive in a lecture.D. How to take notes in a lecture.9. A. Ordinary. B. Practical. C. Disturbing. D. Unrealistic.10. A. Decorating the company. B. Finishing a painting.C. Preparing a presentation.D. Restructuring the budget.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 2. B. 11. C. 21. D. 30.12. A. A horse. B. A dog. C. A pig. D. A cat.13. A. More annoyed. B. Less anxious. C. More frightened. D. Less shocked. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Its clear aim. B. Its evaluation process.C. Its numerous applications.D. Its solid foundation.15. A. In 1954. B. In 2013. C. In 2018. D. In 2000.16. A. Its location and area. B. The categories of its collections.C. Its official WeChat account.D. The visiting experience it offers.Questions 17through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Consumer and gender. B. Age groups and activities.C. Sports and facilities.D. Training time and trend.18. A. Cycling. B. Jogging. C. Skiing. D. Swimming.19. A. 18-26. B. 27-35. C. 36-45. D. 46-55.20. A. To determine which item deserves priority.B. To get ideas for a more appealing slogan design.C. To know about teenagers’ leisure sporting activities.D. To see which age group is at the top of consumption capability.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Asleep on a plane: a case for window seatsI love to sleep on planes, and I have an unusual ability to sleep well on them. There have even been one or two occasions (21) __________ I have fallen asleep before takeoff and awakened upon the impact of landing, not having realized we had even left the ground. So when (22) __________ (book) my flights, I always choose the window seat whenever possible. This allows me to lean my sleepy head against the wall of the plane for a bit (23) __________ (much) comfort.Some (24) __________ argue that the aisle(走廊)seat is superior for the leg space and the ability to get off swiftly and eye the snack cart. But in reality, we’re all getting our drinks and snacks (25) __________ seconds. Also, I find that if a person knows he’s in a window seat, he’ll choose to u se the bathroom before boarding so that he (26) __________ (not need) to disturb his neighbor, which is just considerate. And he’ll seize the opportunity to get up when another seatmate gets up so that the seatmate needn’t (27) __________ (bother) more than once.As a photographer and visually oriented person, the window seat gives me the best views of cottony clouds, or a great sunset, or golden sunrise, etc. Most of all, (28) __________ __________ I’ve been flying for years, I still get pleasure of seeing my departing city or country (29) __________ (shrink) into the distance, and the butterflies in my stomach when I see the horizon of my destination come into view. And those feelings of adventure and excitement are (30) __________ keep me coming back, flight after flight, to my window seat.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passag, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Endangered languages can be found throughout the world. Many languages now have fewer than 100 or even fewer than 10 speakers. The crisis is not limited to remote regions of the world. When Europeans first arrived in North America, 312 different languages were ___41___, of which 123 are now known to be extinct. Of the ___42___ languages, most speakers are grandparents and great-grandparents.Different researchers offer different definitions of “endangered”. The system of ___43___ used by the Catalogue of Endangered Languages evaluates languages in four areas: the ___44___ of all the speakers, how often the language is conveyed to the next ___45___, the rate at which it is losing speakers and the ___46___ in which it is used. Based on this data, languages are ranked on a six-point scale from “safe” to “severely endangered.” The midpoint, “endangered” refers to a language with betwe en 100 and 1,000 speakers who represent about half of the language’s community or ethnic group. The language is spoken only by some parents, of whom very few teach it to their children. It is ___47___ used at home and is not taught in schools or used for government business.Languages become endangered due to a number of ___48___ factors including globalization, economics, technology, education policy, and changes in ___49___ attitudes. As the forces of globalization make the world more interconnected, previously ___50___ language communities come under pressure to participate in a larger economy, which means learning the area’s majority language. ___51___, local schools often begin to teach the majority language instead of the local tongue. Local languages also ___52___ as communities adopt mobile phones and computers, most of which run on software that has been translated into only a handful of languages. This trend ___53___ as these devices connect users to the Internet. At this point, many communities undergo a cultural ___54___ in which parents no longer value the language enough to teach it to their children.Initiatives to ___55___ endangered languages have become more numerous in recent years. These efforts tend to focus on two main areas: the documentation of endangered languages, and efforts to increase the use of endangered languages among younger speakers and in the community at large.41. A. at hand B. at risk C. in use D. in view42. A. ancient B. evolving C. local D. surviving43. A. assessment B. classification C. description D. research44. A. age B. background C. number D. religion45. A. committee B. century C. generation D. government46. A. content B. occupations C. situations D. themes47. A. advisedly B. efficiently C. primarily D. rarely48. A. balancing B. complicating C. historical D. interrelated49. A. cultural B. mental C. moral D. religious50. A. foreign B. informal C. isolated D. national51. A. For example B. In contrast C. In response D. Vice versa52. A. boom B. develop C. disappear D. suffer53. A. ceases B. changes C. increases D. starts54. A. difference B. influence C. shift D. variety55. A. enrich B. purify C. refresh D. standardizeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( A )Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures smashed to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to operate in China, and by far the best known. Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s best architectur al historians was no easy accomplishment. The buildings they wanted to save were centuries old, located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through dangerous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them. Exploring Chi na’s remote areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule(骡子)or on foot. Inns were often dirty, food could be polluted, and there was always risk of violence from rebels, soldiers and robbers.Their greatest discovery was t he Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A.D., making it the oldest building known in China at the time.Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most forbidding, forgotten areas to dete rmine its age, including one hideaway inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. “In complete darkness and among the awful smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours. When at last we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”Liang wrote of the experience in an account included in “Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past.”56. On their way to the ancient buildings in 1930s, Liang and Lin faced following risks EXCEPT ________.A. accommodationsB. personal securityC. road conditionsD. vehicles57. Liang and Lin raised public awareness of _____.A. documenting smashed historical buildingsB. rebuilding historically valuable buildingsC. saving the oldest temples in ChinaD. protecting historical buildings58. While exploring the Temple of Buddha’s Light, __________.A. Liang and Lin caught insects with awful smellB. Liang and Lin were forbidden to breathe insideC. Liang and Lin were pleased at something unhoped forD. Liang and Lin determined its age by studying bedbugs’ hideaway59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Creativeness results in discoveryB. Difficulty produces achievementC. Efforts contribute to happinessD. 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Produce true colors, and set up, connect, and print right from your mobile device. Go from memory card to photo printout with ease.HP Photo and Document All-in-One Printers are designed for families and other home users who want a device capable of printing everything from documents, emails and web pages to rich, bright lab-quality photos—with copy and scan tools too.Active security enabled printer. Intended to be used with containers using only HP original electronic electrical system. Containers with modified or non-HP electronic circuitry may not work, and those that work today may not work in the future.Twice as many photosPrint up to twice as many pages with Original HP high-yield ink containers. HP 64 ink containers deliver true colors so all your prints will shine. Create splendid borderless photos and leaflets—right in your home. The power of your printer in your handPrinting photos just got easier – from social media, the cloud, and your camera-roll gallery.Amazing scanning, now on your smartphone. Scan and share to email or the cloud –from virtually anywhere. Ordering ink has never been easier – directly through the app. Easily print photos and everyday documents directly from your smartphone or tablet.A new level of wireless connectivity you can count onGet simple Wi-Fi® setup in minutes, and start printing fast.Return & exchange informationHP. com will accept returns or exchanges for this product up to 30 days after delivery. A restocking fee may apply.60. Which statement is true of this type of printer?A. It is a portable printer designed for home and office use.B. It is a multi-function printer producing high-quality photos.C. It is an easy-operation printer with a two-year free care pack.D. It is a wireless-connected printer protected by modified containers.61. Which of the following words best describe its “ink container”?A. Adaptable.B. Automatic.C. Cost-effective.D. Eco-friendly.62. If you order this type of printer online today, ___________.A. you will receive it tomorrowB. you can return it without being chargedC. you can get a care pack on discountD. you can save﹩80( C )①Risk is something we face daily. However, some people are obviously more willing to take risks than others.②Biologists appear to have discovered a physical reason that explains why some people are risk-takers. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, a chemical that spreads signals between nerve cells. It is linked to the brains reward system and is the chemical that makes us feel good, and scientists believe it to be linked to risk-taking. Our nerve cells have dopamine receptors(接收器)which control the amount of dopamine that each cell receives. But not all receptors may be active. When a person has few active receptors to control the amount of dopamine that is received, a cell can become flooded resulting in an extreme feeling of happiness.③Researchers at Vanderbilt University and Albert Einstein College of Medicine asked 34 men and women to complete a questionnaire about their risk taking to assess whether they seek new opportunities or are cautious in life. The results of the research were consistent with similar studies carried out with rats, and had the same outcome. It concluded that people who are risk-takers have fewer dopamine receptors than people who are not. This suggests that the rush of pleasure a risk taker receives when a cell becomes flooded with dopamine can become addictive for some people. They therefore pursue new and exciting activities in order to try to repeat this feeling, and as a result their concern for risk becomes considerably reduced.④Dopamine gives us a biological reason for risk-taking, but scientists believe there may be psychological reasons too. Sensation-seeking is a personality characteristic that describes the desire to find activities that bring us pleasure. In 1964, psychologist Marvin Zuckerman created the sensation-seeking scale. His 40-item questionnaire, still used today, was given to people who were active in seeking new activities, and to people who were more satisfied with a quiet life. While risk-taking is not a characteristic in itself, it is very much associated with sensation-seeking, as a high sensation-seeker does not evaluate risk in the same way that a low sensation-seeker does. A desire to achieve pleasure means that there is a greater willingness to take more risks.⑤There are both biological and psychological explanations as to why some people may choose to take more risks than others. However, none of these explanations are definitive.63. If a person has fewer active dopamine receptors, __________.A. he is less likely to feel happyB. he is more willing to take risksC. he will eventually become dopamine-addictiveD. he is poorer at controlling the amount of dopamine64. The underlined phrase “consistent with” is closest to “__________” in meaning.A. contrary toB. in agreement withC. at the cost ofD. persistent in65. What can be concluded from paragraph 4?A. The longing for pleasure may lead to risk taking.B. A willingness to take more risks can be cultivated.C. The sensation-seeking scale can help to evaluate risk.D. High sensation-seekers are more common than low ones.66. This passage mainly talks about __________.A. when we learn to take risksB. how risk-taking benefits usC. what makes risk-takersD. why we should take risksSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Many options require city-level investment in new facilities.B.However, it is not yet clear which technologies and fuels cities will back.C.Through their actions, city governments today are helping to shape the cities of the future.D.For example, London is requiring all newly licensed taxis to be zero-emission capable from 2018.E.City planners are using transport-oriented development to increase density while maintaining quality oflife and property value.F.Some cities, such as Delhi, are investing heavily in creating the mass transport systems needed tochange how citizens travel.Sustainable Transport in CitiesTransport has always shaped cities. In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming market towns. Many North American cities were created for the car. But how are the cities of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport?Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined transport, congestion charges and low emission zones, sustainable gaining and lifecycle costing, and opening data up to companies and academics. And these city level policies can move markets in more sustainable directions. ___67___ This has resulted in five vehicle manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline, which is both in their own commercial interests and good for the environment.The least dense cities, for example, Houston, have per capita(人均的) carbon emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest, such as Singapore. ___68___ This involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center, as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur, built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia.___69___ Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to choose more efficient―and often healthier―forms of transport. Copenhagen has a number of progressive cycl ing policies including the Green Wave, which allows people cycling at 20km/h to hit all green lights during rush hour.Light weighting and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road and rail vehicles more efficient. ___70___ The main options are hydrogen fuel cells, fossil fuel hybrids, and electric vehicles, and the best solution may well vary from city to city.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Online “friends”―a threat to developmentThe impact of technology on the nature of our friendships has been a much-debated topic since the dramatic rise of social networks. Advances in mobile technology and social networking websites mean we spend more time online than ever before. It is therefore not surprising that so many psychologists, sociologists, and others are eager to give their thoughts on how this is impacting negatively on our society.There is one element of social networking that is deeply worrying. We find ourselves in a hyper-connected world where people access social media day and night, excited to make announcements about the tiniest details of their lives. Research is starting to show that this culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character. Professor Larry D. Rosen says that young people who overuse social networkingsites can become ineffective, aggressive, and display anti-social behavior in their offline lives. But perhaps an even more disturbing effect is that one of our most basic emotions seems to be disappearing—empathy. This is the emotion that allows us to see the world from our friends’ points of view. Without it, we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult relationships.Professor Sherry Turkle suggests that people are no longer comfortable being alone. This is something confirmed by a study where 200 university students were asked to go without social media for 24 hours. Many admitted an addiction to their online social network; most complained that they felt cut off from family and friends. And yet being alone is a time when we self-reflect and get in touch with who we really are. It is only when we do this that we can make meaningful friendships with others.These potential changes in our characters are rather alarming, so it is clear that we can’t neglect those negative impacts of social networks.第II卷（共40分）V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 这些安全措施仍将继续实施至下月初。