eight

Lesson 8 A famous monastery 著名的修道院
The Great St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2473 meters, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as
watch-dogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.
During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to -30°and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.
Language points
（Attention：The following points are not covered by the video. It is better for you to watch the video or listen to the MP3 first and try to take notes on your own. Then you may check here to get more details. ）
1, The Great St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
St =Saint 圣人
Saint 做形容词时，意思是：神圣的
connects Switzerland to Italy
Connect的几个词组，注意不同介词的使用
（1）connect A to B/ join A to B/ link A with B 把...和...连接到一起
（2）connect ... with 把...与某事联系在一起
e.g. I can't connect the picture with my friend，Mary.
（3）be connected with 与...有联系
e.g. Are you connected with the government?
2，At 2473 meters, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.
at 2,473 meters:介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态
e.g. At the age of 15, he is able. 在十五岁的时候，他就很能干了。

e.g. At one point 65 meters, he is a little short. 他有点矮，只有一米六五。

3, The famous monastery of St Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away.
found v. 建立, 创立=set up v. 建立，竖立=establish v. 建立，设立
本句是非限制性定语从句。

（详见难点）
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别：
（1）非限制性定语从句是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充说明和解释，去掉对主句影响不大；
（2）限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分
4, Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty.
Now that：既然
(1) 当now that用做时间连接词时，后面通常跟完成式
e.g. Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.
(2) 当now that用做原因连接词时，后面时态不限。

e.g. Now that you won't help me, I must do the job mysel
f.
e.g. Now that you are grown-up, you must stop the children's behavior.
whenever 无论何时（详见难点）
5, As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure.
about adv.到处，周围
e.g. Don't litter waste paper about. 不要随地扔废纸。

相关词组有：look about 到处逛\ go about 到处走\ run about 到处跑\ wander about到处闲逛
keep：使某人或某物处于某种状态，经常和介词短语、形容词、分词（现在分词和过去分词）搭配连用，表示一种状态
e.g. keep him out\in.
e.g. I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
e.g. The lamb was kept tight to a tree.
e.g. Keep the door locked.
6，The monks prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy.
prefer A to B
e.g. I prefer reading to doing nothing. 我宁愿读书，也不愿什么也不做。

e.g. The boy prefers apples to bananas. 这个男孩喜欢吃苹果而不喜欢吃香蕉。

相关词组：Prefer to do A than do B
e.g. I prefer to read books than do nothing.
special difficulties
非限制性定语从句的代词：
（1）who引导的非限制性定语从句，主要指人做主语
e.g.
主句是：Mr. Smith was a famous person in American history.
非限制性定语从句：Mr. Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person in American history.
e.g.
非限制性定语从句：There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury.游客很少，他们都逃出来了，没有受重伤。

限制性定语从句：There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury. 没有受重伤而逃出来的游客很少。

（2）指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which，不能用that（但是在限制性定语从句中，可以用that）
e.g. He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed. 他借了我一千美元，这正是我所需要的。

（3）指代时间用when, 指代地点用where
e.g. He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as three weeks. 他被滞留在荒岛上，在那里他呆了长达三周之久。

whenever, whoever, whatever wherever, whichever , however 加强句子的语气
＝no matter when / who / what / where / which / how
e.g. You can telephone me whenever you like.
e.g. Whichever day you come, we'll be pleased to see you.
e.g. Whenever you go, I'll follow you.
e.g. However busy you are, you must spare some time to study English.
大家学得怎么样？我们来测试一下吧！(每题奖励10HY)
Exercises
Choice questions:
1. _____ so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in an enclosure.
a. With
b. Being
c. Because
d. Having
2. A few people who are _____ to cross the Pass on foot.
a. rash enough
b. so rash
c. too rash
d. very rash
Translation:
3. 她穿了红色，显得漂亮多了。

4. 熊猫，是从中国引进的，它们被当作友谊的象征。

5. 不要随地扔废纸。

6.既然你已经长大了，我就可以告诉你这件事。

7.所有的司机都知道堵车的事，都走了别的路。

8.得知堵车的司机都走了别的路，不知道堵车的事的司机仍走了这条路。

9.In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to -30°and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure.
Answer the following questions in English:
10. What are the St. Bernard dogs used for?。