八年级英语上一轮复units 1-4人教新目标版知识精讲

八年级英语上一轮复Units 1-4人教新目标版【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
一轮复习八年级上Units 1-4
二. 重点短语：
Unit One
1. how often 多久一次
2. hardly ever 几乎不
3. on weekends 在周末
4. once / twice a week / month 一次/两次每周/月
three /four times a year 三次/四次每年
once or twice a week 每周一两次
5. shop/ go shopping/ do some shopping 购物
6. surf the Internet 浏览因特网
7. as for 至于
8. want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事
9. be good for 对……有益
10. pretty healthy 相当健康
11. eating habits 饮食习惯
12. of course 当然
13. look after 照顾
take care of
14. get good grades 获得好成绩
15. a healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
16. keep in good health 保持健康
keep healthy
Unit Two
1. What’s the matter? 怎么了？
What’s wrong?
What’s the trouble?
2. have a cold 患感冒
have a stomachache 肚子疼
have a sore throat 嗓子疼
have a fever 发烧
have a headache 头疼
have a toothache 牙疼
have a sore back 背疼
3. lie down 躺下
4. see a dentist 看牙医
5. hot tea with honey加蜂蜜的热茶
6. feel well 感觉舒服
7. stressed out 紧张
8. too much 太多
9. a balanced diet 饮食平衡
10. stay healthy 保持健康
11. at the moment 此时/现在
12. host family 房东
13. I’m sorry to hear that…听说……我很难过。

Unit Three
1. how long 多久
2. get back 回来
3. have a good time 玩得愉快
4. show sb sth 给某人看某物
5. go fishing 去钓鱼
go camping 去野营
go hiking 徒步行
go bike riding 骑自行车行
go sightseeing 去观光
go fishing 去钓鱼
go swimming 去游泳
go shopping 去购物
6. take a vacation 去度假
7. think about 思考
8. decide on 决定
9. something different 不同的东西
10. take walks 去散步
take a walk
11. plan to do sth 计划去做某事
12. make a movie 拍一部电影
13. take sth. with sb. 随身携带某物
Unit Four
1. ride a bike 骑自行车
2. take the subway 乘地铁
take the train 乘火车
take a bus 乘公共气车
take a taxi 乘出租车
3. walk to school 走到学校
go to school on foot
4. get to school 到校
5. have a quick breakfast 匆匆吃过早饭
6. leave for 前往
7. the early bus 早班车
8. how far 多远
9. around the world 全世界
10. depend on 取决于
【走近中考】
—What time will you be home?
—I don’t know. It depends the traffic.
A. of
B. on
C. for
D. from
11. be different from 不同于
【走近中考】
①The way we learn English is quite different that we learn maths.
A. from
B. off
C. between
D. with
②Most of my classmates don’t like to talk with their parents, but I am them. I love to talk with my parents.
A. the same as
B. different from
C. interested in
D. angry with
12. don’t worry 不要担心
三. 重要句型：
◎How often do you watch TV?
how often 用来询问动作的频率，即动作“多长时间发生一次”，回答可用once / twice / three times a day“一天一（两、三）次”，sometimes“有时”，never“从不”，very often“经常”等。

例如：
—How often do you read English books? 你多长时间看一次英语书？
—Every day. 每天。

—How often does he go to the movies? 他多久看一次电影？
—Twice a month. 一月两次。

—do you go to see your uncle?
—Once a week.
A. Hong long
B. How often
C. How far
D. How much
How long are you staying?
how long 主要用来提问多长时间。

答语通常是表示一段时间的状语。

例如：
—How long did you stay there? 你在那儿待了多久？
—Two hours. 两小时。

how long 也可以用于指“长度”。

例如：
How long is the river? 这条河有多长？
—are you staying there?
—For two weeks.
A. How soon
B. How many times
C. How long
D. How often
how soon用来询问“需要多长时间才会”，谓语多用终止性动词，即某一动作要多长时间以后才能完成或发生，时态多用将来时或含有将来意义的其他形式，答语常用in a week 类短语。

例如：
—How soon will you come back? 你过多久会回来？
—In a week. 一周以后。

How far is it from your home to school?
how far“多远”，用于询问两地间的距离，答语要用表示距离的词语。

例如：
—How far is it from here to the hospital? 从这里到医院大约有多远？
—About ten minutes’ walk. 大约走10分钟的路程。

相关链接：
在回答how far的提问时，有两种情形：
⑴有具体数字时，应与away from连用，表示具体距离的计量，口语中away可省去。

⑵没有具体数字时，应用far或near作答。

例如：
—How far is the moon from the earth? 从地球到月球有多远？
—It is 380,000 kilometres from the earth. 从地球到月球有380, 000公里。

—It’s very far. 那很远。

①is it from Beijing to Shanghai?
A. How many
B. How long
C. How much
D. How far
②My hometown is the city.
A. far from
B. near from
C. far
D. far away
【走近中考】
①—Kate, do you know it is from here to the gym?
—About twenty minutes’ walk.
A. how long
B. how far
C. how soon
D. how often
②—do you go to the library?
—I usually go to the library twice a week.
A. How long
B. How often
C. How far
D. How many
③—do you water the plants?
—Twice a day.
A. How long
B. How soon
C. How often
D. How much
④—have you stayed in Shanghai?
—For about two months.
A. How often
B. How long
C. How soon
D. How far
⑤—did you stay in Guilin last summer?
—Two weeks.
A. How soon
B. How long
C. How far
D. How often
⑥—do you visit your grandparents?
—Once a week.
A. How long
B. How soon
C. How often
D. How many
⑦—do you go hiking?
—Once a week.
A. How many times
B. How often
C. How long
D. How soon
⑧—is it from your home to school?
—It’s three miles.
A. How long
B. How far
C. How often
⑨—Rita, your Chinese is good. have you been in China?
—Since I was five.
A. How long
B. How far
C. How soon
D. How often
⑩Mr. Smith has taught in our school for three years. （对划线部分提问）
has Mr. Smith taught in our school?
◎I usually play soccer.
⑴“play＋球类/游戏类名词”，不可加冠词。

例如：
play basketball 打篮球
play football 踢足球
play cards 玩牌
play games 做游戏
⑵“play＋the＋乐器名词”，必须加冠词，但汉语音译的乐器前不加冠词。

例如：
play the piano 弹钢琴
play the violin 拉小提琴
play erhu 拉二胡
⑶“play with＋名词”表示“玩弄”，其后若跟“人”则表示“和某人一起玩儿”。

例如：
play with fire 玩火
play with the boy 和那个男孩玩
填上适当的冠词或介词。

①I don’t like play volleyball.
②Can you play guitar?
③They always play ping-pong on Thursday afternoon.
④They don’t like to play the boy.
◎She says it’s good for my health.
be good for 意为“对……有好处，对……有益，有效，适用”，后接表示人或事物的名词。

例如：
Reading books is good for you. 读书对你有好处。

The medicine is good for headaches. 这药可治疗头痛。

Vegetables are good for us. 蔬菜对我们有益处。

相关链接：
good还常用于下列搭配中：
⑴be good at 意为“擅长，善于”，后接名词、代词或动名词。

⑵be good to意为“对……好（和善，慈爱）”，其后一般接表示人的或人格化的名词。

①I t’s good us to talk.
A. at
B. for
C. to
D. of
②My friend Bill is good English.
A. in
B. on
C. for
D. at
◎I try to eat a lot of vegetables.
try to do sth. 意为“尽力去做某事，努力做某事”。

例如：
I will try to help you. 我将尽力去帮助你。

相关链接：
与try搭配的短语有：
⑴try doing sth表示“试着去做某事”。

例如：
I will try answering the question. 我将试着回答这个问题。

⑵try / do one’s best to do sth. 意为“尽力做某事”。

例如：
We should try / do our best to help the people in trouble. 我们应该尽力帮助处于困境中的人。

◎So, maybe I’m not very healthy, although I have one healthy habit.
maybe 作副词，意为“很可能，大概”，相当于perhaps，常用于句首作状语。

例如：Maybe you are right. 也许你是正确的。

Maybe she will come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。

相关链接：
may be是“情态动词＋动词原形”构成的谓语形式，意思是“也许是，可能是”。

例如：You may be right. ＝Maybe you are right. 你可能是对的。

This woman his mother.
A. maybe
B. may be
C. may is
D. perhaps
◎This time I want to do something different.
something different意为“不同的事”，形容词修饰复合不定代词时，应将形容词放在不定代词的后面。

例如：
I have something interesting to tell you. 我有很多有趣的事要告诉你。

Is there anything wrong? 出什么问题了吗？
There is nothing new in today’s newspaper. 报纸上没什么新鲜的新闻。

相关链接：
相同类型的词还有somebody, something, someone, anything, anyone以及everything和nothing等。

—Would you like to have ?
—No, thank you, I’ve had enough.
A. anything more
B. something more
C. more anything
D. more something
【走近中考】
①—What’s the article about?
—It’s in China. And the government has worked well controlling the population.
A. something important; from
B. important something; on
C. something important; in
D. anything important; in
②If your friend said about you, you could keep silent.
A. something bad
B. bad something
C. good something
四. 交际用语：
◎What’s the matter?
⑴matter 作名词时，意为“事情，问题，情况”。

⑵当看到某人心情沮丧，闷闷不乐，或是身体不舒服时，可使用本句询问对方，句中的matter前一定要加冠词the。

意思是“困扰的事，麻烦事，故障”，后面常接介词with，再接“人”，也可接“物”。

同义句为What’s wrong with sb/ sth? 或What’s the trouble? 例如：What’s the matter with you?
＝What’s wrong with you?
＝What’s your trouble? 你怎么了？
What’s the matter with your bike?
＝What’s wrong with your bike? 你的自行车出了什么毛病？
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表出了些毛病。

There is nothing wrong with your car. 你的汽车没问题。

①What’s with you?
A. the trouble
B. the matter
C. the wrong
D. matter
②Do you know Tom?
A. what the matter is with
B. what’s the matter is with
C. what the wrong is with
D. what’s the matter with
【走近中考】
王芳还没来，她怎么了？
Wang Fang hasn’t come yet. her?
◎I think so.
so 作副词，用来代替词、短语或某种情况，意为“这样，如此”，常用在believe“相信”，think“认为”，hope“希望”，say“说”，tell“告诉”，以及实义动词do后。

例如：
I told you so. 我告诉你会这样的。

He said so. 他是这样说的。

I hope so. 但愿如此。

He said that he could come and he did so. 他说他会来的，他真的来了。

【注意】在表示看法上的词如believe, hope后用so表示肯定，用not表示否定。

例如：
I believe so / not. 我相信如此/不会这样。

I hope so / not. 我希望如此/不会这样。

I think she is a good student.
Yes, he said , too.
A. it
B. that
C. so
D. one
【走近中考】
—Do you think it will rain tomorrow?
— . Because farmers need rain very much.
A. I think so
B. I hope so
C. I’m afraid so
◎I’m sorry to hear that you’re not feeling well.
be sorry to do…意为“对……感到难过、抱歉、遗憾”，不定式动词很多时候，表示“听到或看到某种情况很不安（或难过）”，是对所说的或所听的不幸之事表示一种同情。

例如：I’m sorry to hear that, I hope you’re better now. 真遗憾，希望你现在好点了。

I’m sorry to say I can’t help you. 很遗憾，我不能帮你。

I’m sorry to trouble you. 对不起，打扰你了。

I’m sorry that I can’t go with you this afternoon.
A. saying
B. to say
C. to talk
D. talking
【走近中考】
—My brother is ill in hospital.
—I’m sorry that.
A. hear
B. hearing
C. heard
D. to hear
五. 重要语法：
◎always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever 和never是频度副词，与疑问词对应。

表示频率由……向……递减。

在句子中位于实义动词之前，情态动词、助动词、系动词之后。

例如：
He always helps others. 他总是乐于帮助别人。

He is always wearing that blue tie. 他总是系着那条蓝色的领带。

He is never late. 他从不迟到。

I have never seen him. 我从来没见过他。

①He helps us to learn English. We all like him.
A. sometimes
B. usually
C. hardly ever
D. never
②He is late for school. He is not a good student.
A. often
B. never
C. not
D. be
【走近中考】
①—Ms Lin is very popular among the students.
—Yes. Her classes are lively and interesting.
A. always
B. sometimes
C. hardly
D. never
②—Do you often go shopping, Tina?
—No, . I don’t like shopping at all.
A. always
B. usually
C. never
D. often
③Sandy is so careful that she makes mistakes in her homework.
A. usually
B. seldom
C. often
D. always
④—English is too difficult for me. I can’t learn it well.
—Don’t give up. Nothing is difficult if you work hard.
A. seldom
B. never
C. always
D. usually
◎“be＋doing”结构表示按计划安排即将发生的动作，常用于表示位置转移的动词，如go, come, leave, start, arrive, move等。

例如：
We are leaving on Friday. 我们将在星期五出发。

The plane is taking off at 5:30. 飞机将在5:30起飞。

Hurry up! The bus .
A. comes
B. come
C. is coming
D. is comeing
◎—How does Bob get to school?
—He takes the train.
⑴询问去某地的交通方式，用于提问。

作疑问副词，还可表示“如何，怎样，以何种方式或手段”。

例如：
How should I do? 我该怎么做？
⑵与交通方式相关的动词短语。

例如：
take the subway 乘地铁
take the bus 乘公共汽车
drive a car 开小车
ride a bike 骑自行车
take the train 乘火车
take a taxi 乘出租车
还有一些介词短语也可表示交通方式。

例如：
by bus 乘公共汽车by plane 乘飞机by ship 乘轮船
by boat 乘船by train 乘火车by taxi 乘出租车
on foot 步行on a bike 骑自行车in a car 坐小车
相关链接：
表示交通方式的动词短语可用介词短语替换。

例如：
I usually ride a bike to school. ＝I usually go to school on a bike. 我通常骑自行车上学。

Mary often walks to work. ＝Mary often goes to work on foot. 玛丽常步行上班。

①—How does he get to school?
—He the bus.
A. takes
B. by
C. gets
D. on
②The boy usually goes to school on foot. （改为同义句）
The boy usually school.
③Mr Wang went to Guangzhou last year.
A. in a boat
B. by a boat
C. by boat
D. by boats
【走近中考】
①Gina usually goes to school by bicycle every day. （对划线部分提问）
Gina usually go to school every day?
②The fastest way to travel to Shanghai is air.
A. in
B. by
C. on
【模拟试题】（答题时间：90分钟）
I. 单项选择
1. —What’s the matter with you?
—I have bad toothache and I have to stay in bed.
A. a; /
B. a; the
C. a; a
D. the; the
2. —I hate eggs. I eat them.
—But they’re good for your health! You should often eat them.
A. often
B. usually
C. never
D. always
3. —How are your grandparents?
—They’re very well because they every day.
A. sleep
B. work
C. draw
D. exercise
4. —What do you want to be?
—A pop singer, but my parents me to be a teacher.
A. help
B. want
C. keep
D. try
5. Try to do it yourself. Don’t your parents all the time.
A. work on
B. try on
C. keep on
D. depend on
6. —do you go for a trip with your family?
—About twice a year.
A. How long
B. How soon
C. How often
D. How far
7. —Would you like to go skating with us?
—I’m afraid not. I have to my little sister at home.
A. look at
B. look for
C. look after
D. look like
8. Most of my classmates play computer games often, but I’m them. I don’t like it at all.
A. the same as
B. different from
C. interested in
D. sorry for
9. —Can I help you?
—Yes, please. I’d like a cup of tea nothing in it.
A. have
B. has
C. had
D. with
10. —I have a bad cold.
— .
A. It doesn’t matter
B. I don’t believe you
C. I’m sorry to hear that
D. That’s OK.
11. —What are you doing for vacation?
—We’re .
A. go boating
B. visiting some southern cities
C. going hike
D. to travel some southern cities
12. Can you find in today’s newspaper?
A. nothing important
B. important something
C. anything important
D. important anything
13. Maria usually gets school subway.
A. on; to
B. to; by
C. /; in
D. to; with
14. Tom usually to school, but he walked to school yesterday because his bike was broken.
A. by bike
B. on a bike
C. rides bike
D. rides a bike
15. —How long does it take you to go home from school?
—
A. I take a car
B. It takes thirty minutes on foot
C. You’re welcome
D. Don’t worry
16. The bus station is about five hundred metres here, it’s within walking distance.
A. away from
B. away
C. far away from
D. far from
17. The meat is dear and eating meat is bad for your health.
A. too much; much too
B. too much; too much
C. much too; too much
D. much many; many too
18. The students exercise every day and they try themselves healthy.
A. keep
B. keeping
C. kept
D. to keep
19. —is it from here?
—Only half an hour’s ride.
A. How far
B. How long
C. How soon
D. How much
20. Let’s go to the farm a bus.
A. in
B. by
C. on
D. with
II. 完形填空
Jim is a little boy. He 21 with his grandma.
He likes sweets and cakes. He always eats food 22 sweets in it before he goes to bed. And as soon as he gets up in the morning, he can 23 some cakes on the table in his room.
One morning, before Jim 24 up, his grandma took some cakes to his bedroom. She saw Jim 25 in bed.
“What’s the matter, dear?” his grandma asked in a hurry.
“I have a bad toothache. ” he said.
So his grandma had to 26 him to the dentist’s. The dentist 27 carefully and then pulled out the bad tooth for him at last.
Two days later Jim 28 better and was at school again. Mrs Hunt asked, “What was the
matter with you, Jim?”
“I29 a bad toothache, madam,” answered Jim.
“Oh, I’m sorry to hear that,” said Mrs Hunt. “Is it 30 now?”
“I don’t know, madam. It was left with the dentist. ”
21. A. stay B. stays C. stayed D. staying
22. A. with B. has C. have D. of
23. A. look for B. look at C. find D. look after
24. A. get B. gets C. got D. getting
25. A. cry B. crying C. cried D. is crying
26. A. take B. bring C. took D. brought
27. A. looked him over B. looked him up C. looks him over D. looks him up
28. A. feel B. feels C. felt D. fell
29. A. have B. has C. had D. have got
30. A. better B. good C. well D. best
III. 阅读理解
A
Early to bed, early to rise（起床）, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. This is an old English saying. It means that we must go to bed early and get up early in the morning. If we do, we shall be healthy. We shall also be rich and clever.
Is this true? Perhaps it is. The body must have enough sleep. Children of your age need ten hours’ sleep every night. If you do not go to bed early, you cannot have enough sleep. Then you cannot think properly and you cannot do your work properly. You will not be wise and you may not become wealthy.
Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning. This is not good for them. We must sleep at night when it is dark. The dark helps us sleep well. When the daylight comes, we must get up. This is the time for exercise. Exercise keeps the body strong.
Exercise helps the blood（血液）to move around inside the body. This is very important. Blood takes food to all parts of our bodies. The brains in our heads also need blood. We think with our brains. If we keep our bodies healthy and take exercise, we can think better.
Our bodies also need air to breathe（呼吸）. Without air we will die. Get up early in the morning and we can have a lot of clean, fresh air. That will keep us healthy and happy.
31. The old English saying, “Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. ”tells us .
A. it’s good for our health to get up early and go to bed late
B. it’s good for our health to get up early and go to bed early
C. it’s good for our health to get up late and go to bed late
D. it’s good for our health to get up late and go to bed early
32. It’s important for people to have enough sleep. If they do not sleep well, they .
A. may be wise
B. may be health
C. cannot think and do their work well
D. can still think and do things well
33. helps us sleep well.
A. Daylight
B. Darkness
C. Fresh air
D. Sunlight
34. The last paragraph but one（倒数第二段）tells us that helps the blood to move
around inside the body.
A. fresh air
B. enough sleep
C. good habits
D. exercise
35. This passage is probably written to .
A. old people
B. middle-aged people
C. weak people
D. children
B
When June comes, we know we will have our exams. After the exams, we will have a nearly two months’ vacation.
The summer vacation is the best part of the year for us. The weather is usually good, so we can spend most of the time playing in the garden, or if one lives in the country, he can go out in the woods and fields. Even if one lives in a big town, he can usually go to a park to play.
The best place for a summer vacation, however, is the seaside. Some of us are lucky enough to live near the sea. But don’t worry, if one does not, he can spend a week or two at one of the big seaside towns.
Why do we like the seaside so much? It is the sand, the sea and the sun—the feeling of sand under one’s feet, the feeling of salt water on one’s skin, and the feeling of the warm sun on one’s back. And there are lots of new things to see, nice things to eat, and exciting things to do.
36. After the exams, we’re going to have a vacation.
A. two months’
B. nearly two months’
C. about two months’
D. nearly two months
37. In this passage, “country” means .
A. 国家
B. 乡村
C. 地区
D. 城市
38. The best place to spend a summer vacation is .
A. the seaside
B. the country
C. the big city
D. the big town
39. Why do we like the seaside very much? It is because of .
A. the sand
B. the sea
C. the sun
D. All of the above
40. The best title of this passage is .
A. The Seaside
B. The Summer Vacation
C. Living Near the Sea
D. Like the Seaside Best
C
There are all kinds of trains in the world. There are trains to carry people, animals or things. There are fast trains and slow ones. Slow trains go through hills.
In big cities, the streets are usually very busy. So you can find trains under the ground and trains on a rail above the streets. They carry people quickly in and out of the city.
Can a train run over the water? Yes, it can. There are many bridges over the rivers. The trains can easily run over the water. Today’s trains have dining rooms for people. You may eat something in them on the way if you are hungry. Trains are useful to men, women and children. Many children have model trains. With the model trains they can build their own rails and enjoy the wonderful world of trains.
41. It’s for trains to run over the water and to have something to eat when you are traveling by train.
A. easy; hard
B. easily; not easy
C. difficult; easily
D. easy; easy
42. Many children can enjoy the wonderful world of trains because they .
A. have real train
B. have model trains
C. often take trains
D. can build their own rails
43. There are all kinds of trains. Here “all kinds of trains” means .
A. fast trains and slow trains
B. many different kinds of trains
C. trains go through hills
D. trains to carry people
44. The trains carry people in and out of the big cities under the ground and on a rail above the streets because .
A. the streets are busy
B. the cities are big
C. the trains have dining rooms
D. they are too small
45. If you are hungry, you may go to of the train to have something to eat when you are traveling by train.
A. some rooms
B. some shops
C. the dining room
D. the station
IV. 补全对话，每空一词。

A: What’s 46 with you, young man?
B: I don’t feel 47 .
A: I’m 48 to hear that. Please take 49 your shirt and 50 down on the bed.
B: Yes, doctor.
A: Well, there’s 51 much wrong with you. Do you take much exercise?
B: No, doctor. I never have 52 time for exercise.
A: How do you sleep?
B: Very badly, doctor. Can you give me 53 medicine to help me sleep?
A: Yes, I can, but I’m not going to. You don’t need medicine. Just take more exercise.
B: You are right, doctor. It’s important for me to 54 healthy. Thank you for your advice.
A: You’re welcome. I 55 you will be better soon.
V. 书面表达
小强在第十四中学上学，他家离学校不远，经常骑自行车去学校，有时步行。

骑自行车大约花15分钟，步行大约花30分钟。

他是一个好学生，不喜欢迟到，早晨早起，到校早，学习努力。

60词左右。

【试题答案】
I. 1~5 ACDBD 6~10 CCBDC 11~15 BCBDB 16~20 ACDAC
II. 21~25 BACCB 26~30 AACCA
III. 31~35 BCBDD 36~40 BBADB 41~45 DBBAC
IV.
46. wrong 47. well 48. sorry 49. off 50. lie
51. nothing 52. any 53. some 54. stay/keep 55. hope
V.
Xiao Qiang is at No. 14 Middle School. His home is not far from school. He often goes to school by bike. Sometimes he goes to school on foot. It takes him about fifteen minutes to school by bike. It takes him about thirty minutes to school on foot. He is a good student. He doesn’t like to be late. In the morning he gets up early and gets to school early. He studies very hard.。