现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法
现在完成时中短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换
在以下句型中，短暂性动词要转换成延续性动词:
1.完成时态的肯定句 2. 句中, 有for或since引导的, 或其他种类的表示一段时间的时间状语
例如: He has died for 20 years. 这句话就是错误的。 die是一个瞬间动词，需要转化为延续性动词。 句子改为 He has been dead for 20 years.
现在完成时中 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转化
也称做终止性动词、非延续性动词或瞬 间动词。
表示动作不能延续, 只是一瞬间就结束 的动作。
come, go, arrive, reach, see, hear, close, open, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, become, borrow, get up 等.
1.实义动词转化成实义动词
2.转化成be+形容词或介词
3.转化成be+名词（词组）
His grandfather
His grandfather His grandfather
His grandfather
It’s five years since his grandfather died. Five years has passed since his grandfather died.
His brother has been in the army .
It’s two years since his brother joined the army .
Two years has passed since his brother joined the army .
相关练习
8B unit2 课课练 grammar部分有相关练习 可自行完成, 核对答案
现在完成时中短暂性动词变延续性动词归纳表
延续性动词与非延续性动词与其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵since从句, 如since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如since last year, since 5 days ago。
例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如:open, die, close, begin, finish, e, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：（考试重点）例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。
也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。
一些短暂性动词与相应的延续性动词：arrive（get to /reach）→ be here (in)begin(start) → be ondie → be deade here（back）→be here（back）leave → be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up→ be upgo/ get out（there）→ be out（there）finish → be ov erput on → wear 或be onopen → be open（keep sth. open）join → be in或be a member of…+组织机构close → be closedgo to school → be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold) → have(a cold)get to know → know begin to study → study e to work → wor k move to → live in finish→ be overe to → be insit down → be seated marry → be married dress → be dressed bee → be。
常用短暂性动词与延续性动词及其例句
一、现在完成时的谓语动词如果是短暂性动词，通常不能与表示一段时间的短语及短语（或从句）等连用。
应将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词。
如：1、This factory opened twenty years ago.This factory has been open for twenty years.2、Miss Gao left an hour ago.Miss Gao has been away for an hour.3、Her teacher has been a Party member for 3 years.Her teacher joined the Party 3 years ago.4、The film began two minutes ago.The film has been on since two minutes ago.5、He bought the bike two years ago.He has had the bike for two years.6、The old man died ten years ago.The old man has been dead for ten years.7、He came back 3 days ago.He has been back for 3 days.8、I left my hometown 10 years ago.I have been away from my hometown for 10 years.9、They got married 13 year ago.They have been married for 13 years.10、I borrowed the book a week ago.I have kept the book for a week.How long have you kept the book?注：在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
(完整)现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法
现在完成时(短暂性动词与延续性动词)的用法基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词（done）①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）(1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.（含义是：现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.（含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill。
(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱）He has returned from abroad。
（含义是：现在已在此地）(2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的，持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段），since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。
Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998。
注（超重要）:瞬间动词（buy，die，join，lose……）不能直接与for since 连用.要改变动词come-be go out—be out finish-be over open—be opendie-be dead1。
have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years。
2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept（不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days。
修改名词：现在完成时练习(短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换)
修改名词：现在完成时练习（短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换）现在完成时是英语语法中一种重要的时态，用于表示发生在过去但与现在有关的动作或经验。
在构成现在完成时的句子中，我们经常需要使用动词的现在分词形式。
然而，对于一些动词，我们需要将其转换为名词形式。
短暂性动词的转换短暂性动词是指表示短暂或瞬间动作的动词，这些动作不具有持续性。
在现在完成时句子中，我们需要将短暂性动词转换为名词形式。
举个例子：- 原始句子：He drank a cup of coffee.- 转换后的句子：He has had a cup of coffee.在这个例子中，我们将短暂性动词"drank"转换为名词形式"had"。
以下是一些常见的短暂性动词及其对应的转换形式：- bring -> have brought- eat -> have eaten- see -> have seen- take -> have taken- buy -> have bought延续性动词的转换延续性动词是指表示持续性或进行性动作的动词，这些动作具有一定的时间跨度。
在现在完成时句子中，我们需要将延续性动词转换为名词形式。
举个例子：- 原始句子：She has been reading a book.- 转换后的句子：She has had a book.在这个例子中，我们将延续性动词"reading"转换为名词形式"had"。
以下是一些常见的延续性动词及其对应的转换形式：- read -> have had- write -> have written- study -> have studied- work -> have worked- play -> have played通过将短暂性动词和延续性动词转换为名词形式，我们可以更准确地表达现在完成时的动作或经验。
短暂动词与延续性动词
短暂(duǎnzàn)动词与延续性动词短暂(duǎnzàn)动词与延续性动词1.现在(xiànzài)完成时的构成：have / has + 动词(dòngcí)的过去分词2.现在(xiànzài)完成时的用法：（1）表示某一动作或状态开始(kāishǐ)于过去并持续到现在现在。
（此种用法适用于延续性动词）I have been in Nanyang for around 5 years.我在南阳(nán yánɡ)大约有五年了。
（2）表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果（此种用法适用非延续性动词）。
I can’t go to see the movie now, because I have lost the ticket.现在我看不成电影了，因为我把票弄丢了。
3.现在完成时的标志：just, already, yet, ever, never,recently 近来 = in recent weeks (months, years)在最近的几周（月，年）里,nowadays, for + 一段时间，before (用于句子末尾); so far = up to now = till now; since + 过去某一具体时间点，since + 过去的一段时间 + ago， since + 一般过去时从句，ever since then = ever since = since then = since (自从那时起);in / over /during + the + past(last) + 一段时间。
Eg.On January 11,1998, Dr. Kataria organized the first “World Laughter Day” celebration in Mumbai, India. It was a huge success.The date was later changed to the first Sunday in May and it has been celebrated every year since.4.现在完成时中的特殊用法：短暂动词(dòngcí)的各种时态（包括现在完成时在内）不能和时间段连用(liányòng)，当它需要与时间段连用时需转换为延续性动词。
现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结
现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结现在完成时是英语语法中常见的一种时态，它表示动作或者状态在过去某个时间开始，持续到现在，或者已经完成的时间段内发生。
在现在完成时中，瞬间动词有时会变成延续性动词，这在英语语法中是一个比较有趣的现象。
下面来分析一下为什么会这样。
1. 什么是瞬间动词和延续性动词瞬间动词通常指的是那些比较短暂的、没有持续时间的动作，通常在句子中使用简单过去时态。
比如，"I saw a movie"，这个动作只发生了一次，没有继续的过程。
而延续性动词常常表达的是可以持续一段时间的动作或状态，比如"teach"，“run”，“live”等。
在句子中通常使用进行时态。
2. 瞬间动词变成延续性动词的情况在现在完成时中，瞬间动词有时会变成延续性动词。
这种情况通常出现在以下几种情况中：第一种情况，瞬间动词变成了有一个延续的结果的动词，比如"break"，"finish"和"lose"。
这些动词的结果可以一直持续到现在，因此它们在现在完成时中会变成延续性动词。
比如，"I have broken my arm"，意思是我的手臂已经断了，这个状态可以持续到现在。
第二种情况，瞬间动词描述的动作发生了多次，这时候它会被视为是一个持续性的动作。
比如，"I have seen that movie three times"，意思是我已经看过那部电影三次了，这个动作发生了多次，因此会被视为是延续性的动作。
第三种情况，瞬间动词变成了一个过程中的动作，这个动作可以持续一段时间。
比如，"I have been to Paris"，这个动作是一个瞬间的动作，但是在这个语境中，它变成了一个动作过程中的一部分，这个过程可以持续一段时间。
3. 瞬间动词变成延续性动词的影响在英语语法中，瞬间动词变成延续性动词有时候会导致一些语法错误和表达上的混淆。
现在完成时的延续性动词与非延续性动词
现在完成时的延续性动词与非延续性动词动词可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词（也称短暂性或瞬间动词），取决于动作发生的方式和过程的长短。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用，如“for”加一段时间，比如“for2 years”，或者“since”加从句或过去时间点，比如“since he came here”或“since last year”、“since 5 days ago”。
非延续性动词表示不能延续的动作，一旦发生就立即结束。
在现在完成时的肯定句中，短暂性动词不能与表示时间段的“for”短语、since短语或从句连用，也不能与表示时间段的how long引起的疑问句连用。
例如，不能说“I have bought the book for 2 weeks”，而应该说“I have bought the book”，或者“I have had the book for two weeks”。
同样地，不能说“I have bought the book since twowee ks ago”或“I have bought the book two weeks ago”。
对于非延续性动词，可以使用其他方式表达。
比如，“The old man died 4 years ago”可以改为“The old man has been deadfor 4 years”、“It is/has been 4 years since the old man died”或“Four years has passed since the old man died”。
有时候，可以将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。
例如，“go(to)/come(to)/XXX”可以改为“XXX”，“return/go back/come back”可以改为“be back”。
举个例子，可以说“XXX minutes ago”或“He has been in Beijing for ten minutes”；“My sister XXX”可以改为“My sister has been an engineer since 2005”。
短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解
初中短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解根据有无含义，动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态，可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
（一）持续性动词: 表示动作通常是持续性的，如：live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach, eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke①常与段时间连用。
例如：Mr Zhang has lived here for two years.张先生在这儿住了两年了。
He has taught there since 1987.自1987年来他一直在那儿教书。
②不与点时间连用(do, have, eat等除外)。
例如：Mary has worked at eight. (×)She walked at five yesterday. (×)（二）瞬间性动词: 表示动作开始即停止，如：open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,startenter,finish,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,go,lea ve,lend,mary,reach,receive , sell,等。
1，从“开始发生”到“结束/终止”：几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’）就完成了“开始—结束”的过程，如“Close the door”, “Open the door”2，有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程”可能稍微长一些，但也不会很长的，如,“buy sth（买下）”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。
所以，“我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通，但英语的表达就不能说：I have bought the watch for five years.buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for…A: I have had the watch for 5 years.B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch. C: I bought it 5 years ago.同理，“borrow sth”“借书”在办理了相关的‘登记’手续后就结束了，不可能“借”几个星期或好几年的！汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。
现在完成时中短暂性动词变延续性动词归纳表
延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换之阿布丰王创作动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一.延续性动词暗示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词可以与暗示时间段的状语连用。
暗示时间段的短语有: ⑴for+一段时间, 如：for 2 years; ⑵ since从句, 如 since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如 since last year, since 5 days ago。
例: He has lived here for 6 years.You can keep the book for 5 days.二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 暗示不克不及延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与暗示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;例:He died 5 years ago.三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：（考试重点）例：He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes.这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。
也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，而且要把原来的短暂性动词改为延续性动词。
一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词：arrive（get to /reach）→be here (in)begin(start)→be ondie →be deadcomehere（back）→be here（back）leave →be away (from)fall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up→be upgo/ get out（there）→be out（there）finish →be overput o n →wear 或be onopen →be open（keep sth. open）join →be in或be a member of…+组织机构close →be closedgo to school→be a studentborrow →keepbuy/get →havecatch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →knowbegin to study→studycome to work→work move to → live in finish→ be over come to → be insit down → be seated marry → be married dress → be dressed become → be。
短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解
初中短暂性动词与延续性动词语法讲解根据有无含义，动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态，可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
（一）持续性动词: 表示动作通常是持续性的，如：live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write ,dance, sing,smoke①常与段时间连用。
例如：Mr Zhang has lived here for two years.张先生在这儿住了两年了。
He has taught there since 1987.自1987年来他一直在那儿教书。
②不与点时间连用(do, have, eat等除外)。
例如：Mary has worked at eight. (×)She walked at five yesterday. (×)（二）瞬间性动词: 表示动作开始即停止，如：open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,startenter,finish,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,go,leave,lend,mary,r each,receive , sell,等。
1，从“开始发生”到“结束/终止”：几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’）就完成了“开始—结束”的过程，如“Close the door”, “Open the door”2，有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程”可能稍微长一些，但也不会很长的，如,“buy sth（买下）”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。
所以，“我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通，但英语的表达就不能说：I have bought the watch for five years.buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for…A: I have had the watch for 5 years.B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch.C: I bought it 5 years ago.同理，“borrow sth”“借书”在办理了相关的‘登记’手续后就结束了，不可能“借”几个星期或好几年的！汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。
(完整版)现在完成时之短暂性动词与延续性动词用法
A.hasB.hadC.is it si neeD.was there that
通过审题，答案B和D很容易被排除，但是稍不注意便会选中答案
A;殊不知
how long
为一段时间的状语，不能与非延续性动ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้短语
has joined连用，所以这题的正确答案是
How long can I keep this book?这本书我可以借多长时间？除了用上面的转化形式之外，
还可以用其他的表达形式：
A.It is/ has been+时间+sinee(动词用过去式),
B.主语+谓语(过去时)+时间+ago.
例如：It's five days since I received his letter.His father died three years ago.
延续性动词 是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间.如：
live,work,study,learn,sleep等,延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用.值得注意的是，表
示一段时间的状语除了"for+一段时间”外，还有since+n./从句（时间点），since+时间段+ago,
疑问词how Iong,in the past+时间段,all these+时间段,from…to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等.
It is/ has bee n three days since he left Shan ghai.
Three days has passed since he left Shan ghai.
(完整版)现在完成时之短暂性动词与延续性动词用法
短暂性动词,延续性动词zai现在完成时中的应用短暂性动词,延续性动词和现在完成时短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束.它不能和一段时间连用.这类动词有：go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用.例如：His father got ill.I have received his letter.但是,不可以说：His father got ill for a week.I have received his letter for three days.在否定句中,短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用.例如：We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.I suppose something must have happened to her.延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间.如：live,work,study,learn,sleep等,延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用.值得注意的是,表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外,还有since+n./从句（时间点）,since+时间段+ago,疑问词how long,in the past+时间段,all these+时间段,from…to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等.例如：How long _______ your brother joined the army?A.hasB.hadC.is it sinceD.was there that通过审题,答案B和D很容易被排除,但是稍不注意便会选中答案A；殊不知how long 为一段时间的状语,不能与非延续性动词短语has joined连用,所以这题的正确答案是C.另外,动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中：延续性动词的肯定式+till/ until 短暂性动词的否定式+till/ until请看例句：We waited until he came.I didn’t go to bed until my father came back home last night.如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back leave →be away (from) fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或be a member of…close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy/get →have catch(a cold)→have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work move to →live in finish/end →be over come to →be in sit down →be seated marry →be married dress →be dressed等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了.His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了.The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了.We have studied English for three years.我们（开始）学英语已三年了.How long can I keep this book?这本书我可以借多长时间?除了用上面的转化形式之外,还可以用其他的表达形式：A.It is/ has been+时间+since……（动词用过去式）,B.主语+谓语（过去时）+时间+ago.例如：It’s five days since I received his letter.His father died three years ago.看一个句子可以用以下几种说法：他离开上海已经3天了.He left Shanghai three days ago.He has been away from Shanghai for three days.He has been away from Shanghai since three days ago. It is/ has been three days since he left Shanghai. Three days has passed since he left Shanghai.。
理解现在完成时中短暂性动词和延续性动词的用法 初中九年级初三英语教案教学设计教学反思 人教版
（三）终止性动词所表示的动作极其短暂且不能持续，所以在完成时的肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
且看下面三个错误句子：1）Tom has come to China for 5 years.
2) His grandfather has died for 2 years.
3）She has left here for 2 days.
（四）非延续性动词可以转换成延续性动词，主要有以下几种：
①、用相应的延续性动词；
②、转换成 be﹢ 名词 ;
③、转换成be + 介词短语 :
④、转换成be + adj./adv. :
课堂练习（难点巩固）
1.巩固练习：（同义转换，每空一词）.Li Lei joined the Party three years ago. Li Lei the Party three years ago.
Li Lei the Party three years.
three years Li Lei joined the Party.
Three years Li Lei joined the Party.
2.Translation: 1. 这本字典我已经买了三年了。
2.他离开中国已经三年了。
3.他们已去了美国五年了。
小结好了，我们小结一下本堂课学习的重点。
通过讲解和练习，相信大家能理解短暂性动词和延续性动词的用法，以及它们之间的转换。
Thank you for listening!。
短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法
短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法英语中的动词有多种分类法。
根据其有无含义，动词可分为实义动词和助动词；根据动词所表示的是动作还是状态，可以分为行为动词和状态动词；根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。
延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait，have,,live,teach,keep,like 等。
短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如leave, begin, start, return, arrive, reach, die, marry, bear, see, hear, receive, buy, get, enter, take off, start off, come in, come back, take place, break out, put on, put down, go in 等。
终止性动词构成的现在完成时，不可以用表示一段时间的状语（如：since 和for引导的短语）来修饰，终止性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，因此不能用表示一段时间的状语来修饰。
如可以说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.但不可说：The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.因为start是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时，start这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天。
1. 用ago时间状语短语来代替since或for引导的时间状语：eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong) Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong) 应改为: He returned from America two years ago.2．用It is… since…复合句代替简单句eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America.注意：以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词。
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现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。
要改变动词come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be opendie-be dead1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have b een out4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open6. have got up → have been up；7. have died → have been dead；8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；11. Have married → have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…注意：1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately等:He has already obtained(得到\获得) a scholarship(奖学金).I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, these days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.5.现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。
(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。
)现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／month ／year...，today等)连用。
例如：Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？6.现在完成时的"未完成用法"现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。
)I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。
)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：so far)等。
例如：I have heard nothing from him so far.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。
如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。
8.一段时间+has passed+since从句9. 现在完成时常和短语"up to now /till now", "so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在.)Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
10 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别gone:去了没回been to :去过been in：呆了很久11.不能与when连用。