第三套答案
天然药物化学课程作业第三套习题及答案
一、单项选择题1.(4分)即能溶解游离的萜类化合物，又能溶解萜苷类化合物的溶剂是〔〕• A. 乙醇• B. 水• C. 氯仿• D. 苯• E. 石油醚纠错得分：0知识点：天然药物化学收起解析答案A解析2.(4分)三萜皂苷构造所具有的共性是〔〕• A. 5个环组成• B. 一般不含有羧基• C. 均在C3位成苷键• D. 有8个甲基• E. 苷元由30个碳原子组成纠错得分：0知识点：天然药物化学收起解析答案E解析3.(4分)酶的专属性很高，可使β-葡萄糖苷水解的酶是〔〕• A. 麦芽糖酶• B. 转化糖酶• C. 纤维素酶• D. 芥子苷酶• E. 以上均可以纠错得分：0知识点：天然药物化学收起解析答案A解析4.(4分)属于齐墩果烷衍生物的是〔〕• A. 人参二醇• B. 薯蓣皂苷元• C. 甘草次酸• D. 雪胆甲素• E. 熊果酸纠错得分：0知识点：天然药物化学收起解析答案C解析5.(4分)糖及多羟基化合物与硼酸形成络合物后〔〕• A. 酸度增加• B. 水溶性增加• C. 脂溶性大大增加• D. 稳定性增加• E. 碱性增加纠错得分：0知识点：天然药物化学收起解析答案A解析6.(4分)黄酮类化合物的颜色与以下哪项因素有关〔〕• A. 具有色原酮• B. 具有色原酮和助色团• C. 具有2-苯基色原酮• D. 具有2-苯基色原酮和助色团• E. 构造中具有邻二酚羟基纠错得分：0知识点：天然药物化学收起解析答案D解析7.(4分)在生物碱酸水提取液中，加碱调PH由低至高，每调一次用氯仿萃取一次，首先得到〔〕• A. 强碱性生物碱• B. 弱碱性生物碱• C. 季胺碱• D. 酸碱两性生物碱• E. 生物碱苷纠错得分：0知识点：天然药物化学收起解析答案B解析8.(4分)以下黄酮中水溶性最小的是〔〕• A. 黄酮• B. 二氢黄酮• C. 黄酮苷• D. 异黄酮• E. 花色素纠错得分：0知识点：天然药物化学收起解析答案A解析9.(4分)以下黄酮类化合物酸性强弱的顺序为〔〕〔1〕5，7-二OH黄酮〔2〕7，4/-二OH黄酮〔3〕6，4/-二OH黄酮• A. 〔1〕＞〔2〕＞〔3〕• B. 〔2〕＞〔3〕＞〔1〕• C. 〔3〕＞〔2〕＞〔1〕• D. 〔2〕＞〔1〕＞〔3〕• E. 〔1〕＞〔3〕＞〔2〕纠错得分：0知识点：天然药物化学收起解析答案B解析10.(4分)可外消旋化成阿托品的是〔〕• A. 樟柳碱• B. 莨菪碱• C. 东莨菪碱• D. 山莨菪碱• E. 去甲莨菪碱纠错得分：0知识点：天然药物化学收起解析答案B解析11.(4分)一般情况下，认为是无效成分或杂质的是〔〕• A. 生物碱• B. 叶绿素• C. 鞣质• D. 黄酮• E. 皂苷纠错得分：0知识点：天然药物化学收起解析答案B解析12.(4分)以下生物碱碱性最强的是〔〕• A. 莨菪碱• B. 东莨菪碱• C. 山莨菪碱• D. N-去甲基莨菪碱• E. 樟柳碱纠错得分：0知识点：天然药物化学收起解析答案A解析13.(4分)黄酮类化合物的颜色加深，与助色团取代位置与数目有关，尤其在〔〕位置上。
2021《初级会计实务》习题答案及解析(第三套)
2021《初级会计实务》习题答案及解析（第三套）一、单项选择题（本类题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分。
每小题备选答案中，只有一个符合题意的正确答案。
错选、不选均不得分。
）1.下列关于分步法的说法中，错误的是（）。
A.逐步结转分步法也称计算半成品成本分步法B.逐步结转分步法可以提供各个生产步骤的半成品成本资料C.平行结转分步法分为综合结转法和分项结转法D.平行结转分步法不必进行成本还原，逐步综合结转分步法需要进行成本还原2.下列各项中属于局部清查的是（）。
A.年终决算前B.单位主要领导调离工作前C.对流动性较大的财产物资进行重点抽查D.国内合资前3.下列各项中，对会计等式影响的表述正确的是（）。
A.企业股东大会宣告向投资者分配现金股利时，一项资产减少，一项负债等额减少B.企业股东大会宣告向投资者分配现金股利时，一项负债增加，一项所有者权葢等额减少C.向投资者实际发放现金股利时，一项资产减少，一项所有者权益等额减少D.向投资者实际发放现金股利时，一项负债减少，一项所有者权益等额增加4.2020年12月1日，某企业出借一批包装物，按计划成本计价，计划成本为10000元，材料成本差异率为－10%，该包装物成本一次摊销。
下列关于对该包装物摊销的会计处理中，错误的是（）。
A.借记“销售费用”科目9000元B.借记“其他业务成本”科目9000元C.借记“材料成本差异”科目1000元D.贷记“周转材料——包装物一一包装物摊销”科目10000元5.下列各项中，企业不应通过“其他应付款”科目核算的是（）。
A.应付租入包装物的租金B.存入保证金C.代扣代缴的职工个人所得税D.应付短期租赁固定资产租金6.下列不通过“固定资产清理”科目核算的是（）。
A.固定资产清理费用B.固定资产报废的残料价值C.固定资产盘亏的账面价值D.固定资产毁损净损失7.下列关于股份有限公司溢价发行股票相关会计处理的表述中，错误的是（）。
A.发行股票应按股票的面值计入股本B.发行收入与股票面值差额即股本溢价计入资本公积C.发行股票相关的手续费、佣金等交易费用，应单独计入财务费用D.发行股票相关的手续费、佣金等交易费用，如果是溢价发行股票的，应从溢价中抵扣，中间资本公积（股本溢价）8.下列各项中，不应计入管理费用的是（）。
英语四级答案(2023年6月)
英语四级答案（2023年6月）英语四级答案参考（2023年6月）2023年6月英语四级考试已经在17日中午结束了，相信同学们想对下四级答案，估算下自己的四级成绩。
今天我整理了英语四级答案参考（2023年6月）供大家参考，一起来看看吧!英语四级答案（2023年6月）第一套——仔细阅读答案46.（A）Theyconsider such exercises annoying.47.（B）They rearranged staff office and space.48.（D）They were regarded as an instruction into employees‘private lives.49.（B）By applying it to employees who volunteer to participate.50.（D）They have to be applied cautiously to be effective.流浪汉51.（A）To combat the county’s homeless.52.（C）They are responsible for their own condition.53.（A）They find it increasing difficult to afford a place to live.54.（C）The increase in new housing falls short of the demand of the growing homeless population.55.（D）They no longer find it shocking.英语四级答案（2023年6月）第二套——仔细阅读答案超市46.（B）They have been losing and profits.47.（B）It originated in the Unite States.48.（D）They revolutionized the distribution of goods.49.（C）Induce customers to make more unplanned purchases.50.（A）They use tricky strategies to promote their business. 暑假51.（A）Students neededs to help farm work.52（D）It will strengthen their relationship with teacher.53.（D）It contributes to students‘healthy growth.54.（A）It does little good to most students.55.（D）Outdated.英语四级答案（2023年6月）第三套——仔细阅读答案第一篇B reward for industriousnessA Qualities of life flowerA Moral principleD affluent enjoy at expense of the poor.C Create more public space.第二篇B More ambitious than ordinary.A Ambitious people may not have greater chance of success.B Be able to adopt to new stuationC The end of career.D Prioritize health and happiness overMaterial success英语四级答案（2023年6月）——信息匹配1参考答案36-40 FCJEB41-45 LGDIL36.[ F] Today , the dancers travel across Chinatown going from business to business to bring good luck for the comingyear .37.[ C ] But the club also acts as a recreation center and safe haven （庇护所）for teenagers , with video games readily available .38.[ J ] But what makes you a competent lion dancer is that there s a sense of imagination involved .39.[ E ] It is believed that the lion dance began in the third century . Stories vary about how lion dancing came to be , but most of them include a monster named Nian who would terrorize a village .40.{ B ] Teenagers comprise about half of the group , many of whom began lion dancing at the age of 14.41.[ L ] I value my culture and tradition , being Chinese or Asian -Americanl have a lot of pride in that , he said .42.[ G ] As one person controls the head , a second follows under atrain of fabric representing the body .43.[ D ] We re abigfamily he said , shaking hands with other members as they walked through the doors You know everyone .44.{ I ] Mr.Chan , who has been involved with the club for nearly 50 years , said that passing the dance from one generation to the next was vital .45.{ L ] Mr.Le comes by the dance as a legacy （传承）. T was born intoit Mr.Le said , noting that his uncle and father were club members .英语四级答案（2023年6月）——信息匹配2标题The spoken web答案参考36-40 FKHDJ41-45 MCGEJ36.[ F] The service was designed to be cheap and easy to runsays Mr Dittoh.37.[ K ] Doctors completing online forms about their patients by speech for exampleca……38.[ H ] Even turning your voice into text -autornatic speech recognition - isoneofthe39.[ D ] That is the situation facing illiterate African farmers . Theyare often denied crucial information the web offers many others .40.[ J ] cThey worry assistants will one day be used to deliver advertising directly to us .41.[ M ] Usingvoicealso makes sensewhen you re doing other things with your hands .42.[ C ] Somethinkvoicecould soon takeove from typing and clicking as the main way to interactonline .43.[ G ] But building the spoken we - web - to veiceand-voice-to -web isn t straight forward .44.[ E ] Yet knowing when its going to rain is vital for farmers wanting to sow seedsirrigate ....45.[ J ] Our phones are always near us and they are collecting data about us……英语四级答案（2023年6月）——信息匹配336-40 GLDAM41-45 JFCHK36[ G ] Increased digital access for fansa , a more beh - nind - the -scenes experience for broadcast viewers and inno - vation in areas like virtual reality - what is it like to sped around a track inside aPerrari are among the possibilities .37[ L ] He recalled attending Formula One s Monaco race last year and being overwhelmed by the ceremony leading up to the event ,the way the race charmed the city for days ahead of the start .38[ D ] Among the goals , Carey said in an interview on Tuesday , is one that just abou tevery global sport seems in -terested in chasing : increasing interest in the United States .39[ A ] For the past four decades the leader of Formula One car racing , one of thebiggest annual sporting series in the world , was Bernie Eccle - stone , a former motorcycle partsdealer who built it into an international presence essentially on his own .40[ M ] He was fascinated . You can t help but be awed , he said , and I think that feeling can be translated to the viewer .41[ J ] At Fox Broadcasting Company , he was a top advisor for years , known for his skill in helping to lead the launch of the company into sports , as well as the start of Fox News Channel .42[ F ]... and second , alter the way fans experience the within the sport both in person and remotely , so that con - nections between the audience and people within the series are easier to make .43[ C ]… Chase Carey - a former executive with Fox Broad - casting Company and Direc TV who by his own admission is not a fierce racing fan ……44[ H ] The larger question , though , is a familiar one : Is there room for Formula One in the ever -crowded sports landscape of the United States ? Opinions vary , particularly because viewing habitsamong consumers continue to evolve .45[ K ] It s about speed , danger and risk . And Formula One has that more than any other racing series .四级英语答案6月份2023——选词填空部分选词填空一答案速查26-30 GNDFH31-35 KECIM26. G) daily27. N) symptoms28. D) classified29. F) come30. H) definitely31. K) inactive32. E) clearing33. C) bond34.I) distractions35.M) reaping选词填空二26-30: H O I N C; 31-35:L D M A G26.H located27.0 scheduled28.1 mostly29.N rising30.C crucial31.L pioneer32.D depend33.M potential34. A affordable35.G just选词填空三26-30 L B E N F 31-35 0CIKM26.L sew27.B abundant28.E exact29.N statistics30.F increasingly31.O textile32.C awareness33.I nearly34.K reducing35.M shrink四级英语答案6月份2023——听力部分听力答案一1.A)A man was bitten by a snake.2. D) Who owned the snake.3. A) Taking her trash out in fancy dresses.4. B) To amuse people.5.C) Have a meal even if they have no money.6.C) It originated from a donation to her staff.7.B) More people have been giving than taking.8.A) He is a psychologist.9. D) Why friends break off contact all of a sudden.10. C) They scream to get their parents back..11. A) They may regard any difference as the end of a relationship.12.C) Their quality.14.B) They are natural.16. A) He desires more in life.13.A) Jeans are a typicat American garment.15.D) They are worth the price.17. D) It is relatively predictable.18. D) They are too simple.19. B) it can help connect people.20. B) Make them more open to learning.21. C) Convey fundamental values.22. B) Immigrants have been contributing to the U.S.23. D) More of them are successful business people.24. C) Their level of debt is lower than that of native born Americans.25. A) Keep their traditional values and old habits.听力答案二1. D) She was accused of violating a city law.2. A) It will take time to solve the rat problem.3. B) Work in an environrment resembling Mars.4. A) Ready-made food.5.C) He bit a softball player s Olympic gold medal..6.D) Pay for the cost of a new one.7.C) Treat them as treasures.8. A) She covered its screen with a plastic sheet.9.B) It includes unnatural light.10.D) He has been burdened with excessive work.11.B) Sleep may be more important than people. assumod.12.A) what they wanted to be when grown up. 13.C) A mechanical engineer.14.C) Imaginative.15.B) Help their kids understand themselves.16. D) Promote Internet-ready phones17. A) They cater to Africans needs18. B) An old-school keypad.19. C) It was cheaper than using fossil fuel plastic.20. D) A rapid increase in U.S. petroleum chemical production.21. D) Take measures to promote the use of recycled plastic.22. B) It rents a place for nap-takers.23. C) To understand the obvious importance of napping24. B) They depend on his ability to concentrate.25. A) Some bosses associate napping with laziness.2023年6月英语四级作文：社区服务参考范文：Nowadays community service has been placed more importance in our society. As aging society and empty-nest elderly has been proliferating in the entire society, it calls forcommunity service to assist in tending to the elderly and pre-school children.To ensure high-quality community service,relevant administrationshould take the lead inputting forward regulations and order to promote a cooperating environment, so that thecommunity staff can better carry out their work, or engage morepeople to join their cause, for example, organizing voluntary team to help with caring for the elderly residents and pre-school children in the community. In this way, the community as a whole can enjoy a more harmonious and secured rapport, which serves as the basis of any possible development.Taking into account what has been mentioned, concerted efforts in the whole society are needed to promote the community’s ability to enhance their service.2023年6月英语四级翻译：义务教育中国政府一直重视义务教育，使每个儿童都有受教育的机会，自1986年《义务教育法》生效以来，经过不懈努力，实现全民义务教育的目标。
继续教育公需科目：《人工智能与健康》考试试题及答案(第三套)
继续教育公需科目：《人工智能与健康》考试试题及答案(第三套)最新版继续教育公需科目：《人工智能与健康》考试试题及答案（第三套）一、单项选择题1.（）是人以自然语言同计算机进行交互的综合性技术，结合了语言学、心理学、工程、计算机技术等领域的知识。
A.语音交互B.情感交互C.体感交互D.脑机交互参考答案：A参考答案：B3.古代把计量叫“度量衡”，其中，“量”是测量（）的过程。
A.长度B.容积C.温度D.轻重参考答案：B4.如果一个人体检时发现乳腺癌1号基因发生突变，可以推断出（）。
A.这个人患乳腺癌的概率增加了B.这个人已经患了乳腺癌C.这个人一定会患乳腺癌D.这个人很快会被检查出乳腺癌参考答案：A5.《“健康中国2030”规划大纲》中提到，全民健康是建设健康中国的（）。
A.必然请求B.基础条件C.核心要义D.基本目的参考答案：D6.（）是指在各个领域都比人类要强的野生智能。
A.超野生智能B.XXXC.弱人工智能D.野生智能参考答案：A7.2017年，XXX开发的一个人工智能程序在（）大赛上战胜了四位人类玩家，这在人工智能发展史上具有里程碑式的意义。
A.五子棋B.国际象棋C.德州扑克D.围棋参考答案：C8.根据国际评判健康的尺度，我国成年民气血管呈理想状态的比率为（）。
A.0.1%B.0.2%C.0.3%D.0.4%参考答案：B9.下列对野生智能芯片的表述，不精确的选项是（）。
A.一种专门用于处理野生智能应用中大量计较任务的芯片B.能够更好地顺应野生智能中大量矩阵运算C.目前处于成熟高速发展阶段D.相对传统的CPU处理器，智能芯片具有很好的并行计较性能参考答案：C10.（）是用电脑对文本集按照一定的标准进行自动分类标记。
A.文本识别B.呆板翻译C.文本分类D.问答系统参考答案：C11.（）是指能够本人找出题目、思考题目、解决题目的野生智能。
XXX野生智能B.强野生智能C.弱人工智能D.野生智能参考答案：B12.根据国际评判健康的标准，（）的韩国中年人心血管呈理想状态。
2020年宪法知识竞赛题库及答案(第三套)
2020年宪法知识竞赛题库及答案(第三套) 2020年宪法知识竞赛题库及答案（第三套）1、（单选题）中国人民政治协商会议在性质上属于（）。
A.政权机关B.自治组织C.爱国统一战线组织D.国家机关正确答案：C用户选择：C2、（单选题）下列关于各级人大和人民的关系的说法最准确的一项是（）。
A.地方各级XXX对人民负责，受人民监督B.地方各级XXX做任何工作都须征求民意C.地方各级人大须时刻关注人民D.地方各级XXX都由直接选举产生正确答案：A用户选择：A3、（单选题）《宪法》规定，民族自治地方的自治机关是（）的人民代表大会和人民政府。
A.自治区、自治县B.自治区、自治州、自治县C.自治州、自治县D.自治区、自治州、民族乡正确答案：B用户选择：B4、（单项选择题）根据我国《宪法》的规定，下列对于百姓基本权利的宪法保护，表述正确的是（）。
A.宪律例定百姓的住宅不受侵犯B.宪法没有规定对归侨权益的保护C.统统百姓都有选举权和被选举权D.宪法对建立劳动者休息和休养的设施未加以规定正确答案：A用户选择：D导入到我的错题5、（单选题）根据我国《宪法》的明确规定，下列职务中应当由实行区域自治的民族的公民担任的是（）。
A.自治区主席B.自治区人民政府工作人员XXX法官D.自治州副州长正确答案：A用户选择：A6、（单选题）中国的政权组织形式是（）。
A.XXX领导的多党合作B.群众代表大会制度C.群众民主专政D.民主集中制正确答案：B用户选择：C导入到我的错题7、（单项选择题）根据《宪法》的规定，依法制订的中央性律例，在制订后报（）备案。
A.国务院B.XXXC.本级人民政府D.国务院办公厅正确答案：B用户选择：B8、（单选题）全国人民代表大会常务委员会是全国人民代表大会的常设机关，根据《宪法》规定，全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使多项职权，但下列哪一职权不由全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使？（）A.批准省、自治区、直辖市的建置B.决定同外国缔结的条约和重要协定的批准和废除C.说明宪法，监督宪法的实施D.在全国人大闭会期间，审查和批准百姓经济和社会发展计划、国家预算在执行过程当中所必须作的部分调整方案正确答案：A用户选择：B导入到我的错题9、（单项选择题）根据我国《宪法》规定，下列哪一机关不享有自治条例、单行条例制订权？（）A.自治州人民代表大会B.自治区人民代表大会C.自治县群众代表大会D.自治区XXX正确答案：D用户选择：D10、（单选题）人民代表大会制度的关键是（）。
沟通与协调能力第三套试题100分标准答案
下列哪些不是积极领导群众的内容（）A如果领导者与广大群众在思想上不一致，行动上不统一，形成“多中心”、“多目标”，就会出现“领导喊，群众看”或者“群众干，领导拦”的局面B需要领导与群众相结合C照顾群众关系，并迁就某些落后群众的要求D宣传群众、组织群众、教育群众和带领群众一道前进答案C对（）沟通而言，空间距离的远近影响信息的清晰度A电话B网络C口头D会议答案C同事间的交往类型不包括（）A合作型B利用型C被迫型D融合型答案D在协调与上级关系的过程中，做法不正确的是（）A“管理自己的上司”B获得上级的信任和支持C猥琐迎合、曲意奉承D事关党和国家的根本利益问题，就不应一味地“协调”答案C 在英国对伊拉克的“沙漠惊雷”计划中，安南充当了恰当的调解人的身份，下面哪项并不是他的做法（）A联系实际B多方兼顾C展望未来D坚持原则答案C下面哪些不算是冲突（）A知觉到或意识到冲突条件的存在时B知觉到冲突并有情绪的卷入C当一方固执己见，对对方的意见不采纳、不尊重D自己的意见不能被对方赞同感到失望、挫折，甚至引起强烈的愤怒答案A一个人能有效地与他人进行信息交流的主观条件是指（）A说话能力B智力C沟通能力D谈判能力答案C能力按照（）分，可分为一般能力和专门能力A方向B内容C本质D性质答案D下面哪些不是沟通的主要因素（）A信息B传递者C编码D理解答案B沟通是一种精神活动，其效果的好坏，与沟通主体的（）有着极大的关系A身体状态B心理状态C文化修养D社会背景答案B人们的不同属性不是由于下面的（）造成的A性格B年龄C身份D发型答案D目标管理的精髓在于（）A从集体的利益出发，提出对即将制定的目标的种种建议或见解B从自己的利益出发，提出对即将制定的目标的种种建议或见解C实现自我目标的过程D实现组织目标和个人目标的完美结合答案D 突出发展自己的长处，以弥补自己的短处给领导协调带来的不利影响是（）A直接补短法B间接补短法C全面提高法D层级递进提高法答案B下面哪些不属于尊重上级的范畴（）A上级领导的人格B上级领导的作用C上级领导的习惯D上级领导的喜好答案D“人创造奇迹常常是在瞬间，但没有一个创造奇迹的人是依靠瞬间的。
《组织行为学》第三套习题及答案
一、单选题1.领导生命周期理论认为，当被领导者群体已经表现出相当程度的工作成熟度时，最适宜的领导方式是( C )A. 指令型领导B. 说服式领导C. 参与式领导D. 授权式领导2.工作压力在心理上的作用往往采用一个词，即（ C ）A. 挫折B. 焦虑C. 紧张D. 威胁3.据统计，在全盘自动化的条件下，人们体力劳动和脑力劳动耗费的比重为( C)。
A. 90∶10B. 60∶40C. 10∶90D. 40∶604.现代组织理论的主要原则和依据是（ B ）A. 开放观与系统观B. 系统观与权变观C. 系统观与动态观D. 系统观与应变观5.工作比较单纯，不需要复杂的知识和技能，完成一项工作需要大家的配合，或从事连锁性的工作，下列哪类群体可能达到最高的工作绩效？（ A ）A. 同质群体B. 异质群体C. 混合群体D. 简单群体6.管理者的社会知觉怎样，直接关系到他们采用的？（ A ）A. 管理方式B. 管理思想C. 管理风格D. .管理行为7.某人对完成某项任务的把握性很大，因此他对干这项工作的积极性会（C）A. 很高B. 很低C. 可能高也可能低D. .不高也不低8.是研究下述哪方面规律性的科学( C )A. 一切人的心理活动B. 一切人的行为C. 一定组织中的人的心理与行为D. 一切人的心理与行为9.气质类型中多血质的主要行为特征是（ C ）A. 缓慢稳重B. 小心迟疑C. 精力充沛D. 胆量较大10.由组织正式文件明文规定的、群体成员有固定的编制，有规定的权力和义务，有明确的职责和分工的群体属于？（ B ）A. 非正式群体B. 正式群体C. 小群体D. .参照群体11.工作设计的意义与作用之一是（B）A. 丰富工作内容B. 减少单调重复性工作的不良适应C. 增进人际关系D. 优化组织结构12.决策的前提是？（ C ）A. 决策民主化B. 信息C. 预测D. 法律规范13.帕森斯是从哪个角度来划分组织类型的？（ A ）A. 社会功能B. 成员受益程度C. 对成员的控制方式D. 成员人数14.以人为中心的变革措施主要包括哪些？（ A ）A. 调查反馈、群体建议、咨询活动B. 群体决策、激励C. 调查研究、集体活动D. 集体活动、激励15.沟通中的相互作用分析的理论基础建筑于心理学上的（ D ）A. 兴奋状态B. 父母自我状态C. 成人自我状态D. 自我状态16.勒温的'群体动力场理论'指出，人的行为取决的因素可用下列公式来表示？（ B ）A. B＝f(P·R)B. B＝f(P·E)C. B＝f(P·G)D. B＝f(P·L·E)17.在激励理论的分类中，期望理论属于？（ C ）A. 需要型激励理论B. 状态型激励理论C. 过程型激励理论D. 动态型激励理论18.领导者在做决策时，必须有一个（ B ）A. 健全的领导班子B. 健全的决策程度C. 健全的设想D. 健全的信息沟通网络19.由价值观的差异而导致的冲突，其冲突源属于( D )。
排球理论考试试题带答案(第三套)
排球理论考试试题带答案（第三套）一、选择题1、队长﹍﹍﹍号码下，应有一条与上衣颜色不同的长8厘米、宽2厘米的条状标志。
A、上衣胸前B、上衣身后C、短裤正确答案：A2、﹍﹍﹍在比赛后感谢裁判员，并在记分表上签字承认比赛结果。
A、队长B、场上队长C、教练员正确答案：A3、中国排球协会于﹍﹍﹍在北京正式成立。
A、1951年B、1953年C、1958年正确答案：B4、﹍﹍﹍在比赛后感谢裁判员，并在记分表上签字承认比赛结果。
A、队长B、场上队长C、教练员正确答案：A5、沙滩排球﹍﹍﹍年正式成为奥运会正式比赛项目。
A、1996B、2000C、2004 正确答案：A6、﹍﹍﹍技术是排球技术中唯一不受他人制约的技术。
A、扣球B、发球C、拦网正确答案：B7、沙滩排球比赛中所有局间休息的时间均为﹍﹍﹍分钟。
A、1B、2C、3 正确答案：A8、沙滩排球比赛一局中（决胜局除外）先得到﹍﹍﹍并至少超过对方2分的队胜一局。
A、15分B、21分C、25分正确答案：B9、下列﹍﹍﹍队员是属于后排，较于前排队员更靠近本方端线。
A、1号位B、2号位C、3号位正确答案：A10、场上的5号位是指﹍﹍﹍。
A、前排左侧位置B、后排左侧位置C、后排右侧位置正确答案：B11、排球运动是由美国麻省好利若城青年会干事﹍﹍﹍发明的。
A、威廉摩根B、奈史密斯C、阿科斯塔正确答案：A12、我国著名排球运动员﹍﹍﹍曾被誉为“世界排坛第一飞人”。
A、汪嘉伟B、张翔C、郑亮正确答案：A13、第一裁判员鸣哨后，发球队员必须在﹍﹍﹍内将球发出。
A、6秒B、8秒C、10秒正确答案：B14、“四二”配备时应安排﹍﹍﹍。
A、一名二传和五名进攻队员B、二名二传和四名进攻队员C、三名二传和三名进攻队员正确答案：B15、国际排联世界性比赛的第1-4局中，每局除被请求的暂停外，另外有两次技术暂停，每当领先队达到﹍﹍﹍时自动执行。
A、8分和15分B、8分和16分C、10分和20分正确答案：B16、球网上沿两标志杆之间的距离为﹍﹍﹍。
国开电大专科《人力资源管理》一平台机考真题及答案(第三套)
因此，需要将一种含义不明确、可做多种解释的、被称为〃投射物"的物件在短时间内暴露在应聘者眼前，要求 其在迅速观察后立即解释对这种投射物的理解。
错 .一般来说，员工工作满意度下降和积极性较低、工作情绪消沉等情况，都是需要进行工作设计的现象。对 .绩效管理关注未来绩效，侧重于事先沟通与承诺。 对 .反馈阶段决定了360度考核法的有效性，能否改善被考核者的业绩在很大程度上取决于考核结果的反馈。 对 .PPDF法是把个人发展与自己的优势、劣势、机会和威胁联系起来进行职业生涯规划的方法。 错 .在员工的压力管理策略中，小量成功策略是指一个人可以优先改变一些相对容易改变的事，接着完成剩下的相 对容易的事。 对 .人力资本关注的是收益问题，人力资源关注的是价值问题。 对
根据所学知识回答下列问题：
.A公司为什么不能完成招聘任务?
.如果你是A公司的人力资源总监，你会怎样制定招聘策略？
二.试题及答案部分
备注：红色字体为试题答案！！！！！
第一大题单选题（单项选择题：10个题；每小题2分，合计20分。）
L结构规划的目的是要（）。 A.打破组织壁垒对人力资源管理造成的障碍 B.制定直接落地的执行性计划 C.确定各级人力资资源数量 D.确定各职类职种人员配比关系或比例 2.下列选项中不属于工作分析的影响的一项是（）。 A工作分析为人力资源规划提供了必要的信息。 B.工作分析为科学的绩效管理提供了帮助。 C.工作分析为制定公平、合理的薪酬制度奠定了基础。 D.工作分析是组织现代化管理的客观需要。 .（）源于古典工业工程学。 A.激励型工作设计法 B.机械型工作设计法 C.生物型工作设计法
.薪酬考评方面。私人部门通常会将员工的直接贡献作为考核评价的核心原则。而公共部门将劳动时间作为薪酬 考评的重要组成部分，依据劳动时间为员工提供固定的薪酬，因此员工的劳动成果对于其薪酬的影响较小。
组织行为学试题及答案(第三套)
《组织行为学试题》及答案（第三套）一、名词解释（每小题4分,共16分）1．个案研究法2．气质3．群体4．组织文化二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分.在备选芦案中，选择一个正确答案并将答案题号填入题后的括号内）1．被称为研究组织内部人的行为的里程碑是什么?（）A．1949年在美国芝加哥召开的科学讨论会B.霍桑试验C.1914年利莲•吉尔布雷斯出版的《管理心理学》D.泰罗的《科学管理原理》2．一个人经常出现的、比较稳定的心理倾向性和非倾向性特征的总和是（）。
A.气质B.个性C•能力D•性格3.当某种行为出现后，给予某种带有强制性、威胁性的不利后果，以期减少这种行为出现的可能性或消除该行为，这种强化方式是（）。
A.惩罚B.正强化C.自然消退D,消极强化4.某公司年终奖励时,发给受奖员工每人一台电风扇,结果许多员工很不满意,认为公司花钱给他们买了个没用又占地方的东西。
造成这种现象的原因是（）oA.公司没有做到奖罚分明B.奖励不够及时C.公司没有做到奖人所需、形式多变D。
员工太挑剔5.由组织正式文件明文规定的、群体成员有固定的编制,有规定的权力和义务,有明确的职责和分工的群体属于（）。
A.非正式群体B.正式群体C.小群体D.参照群体6.管理方格图中,最有效的领导方式有（）。
A.贫乏型B.任务第一型C.俱乐部型D.团队式7.对下属采取信任的态度,并与他们共同制定计划、设置目标、改进和检查工作,这种领导风格屈于什么类型?（）A•专权独裁式B.温和独裁式C.协商式D.参与式8.要帮助领导者对组织的一切“变化”做出有效管理的设计理论是（）。
A.分化一整合组织结构B.项目组织设计C.距阵式组织设计D.自由型组织结构9.艾桑尼是从哪个角度来划分组织类型的？（）A.社会功能B.成员受益程度C.对成员的控制方式D.成员人数10．学习型组织的支持者们认为传统组织的问题是由其固有的特性引起的，这些固．有特性主要是（）A.分工、竞争和反应性B。
大学生就业指导考试及答案(第三套)
选择题1. 大学生就业问题如今已经成为了全社会关注的焦点，造成现阶段大学生就业难的最关键因素是CA. 不合理的社会关注和就业制度B. 家庭和学校对大学生就业的不正确的指导作用C. 大学生本身缺乏相应基本素质以及自身定位的偏差D. 以上说法都正确2. 就业信息是指通过各种媒介传递的与就业有关的消息和情况，它包括以下哪些内容DA. 就业政策B. 就业方法C. 供求信息D. 以上全对3. 求职简历是获得面试机会的第一步，写好求职简历也会给用人单位留下良好的印象。
要写出一份精彩的简历，需要包括哪些 D ①完整②真实③简练④重点突出A.34B.123C.234D.12344.下列哪些是大学生应该掌握哪些面试策略和技巧DA.面试前尽量了解公司背景和相关产品，如能在面试中运用一些专业产品术语，会让对方觉得你比较专业，理解能力强B.掌握基本的面试礼仪，给面试官以积极、职业、干练的形象C.给对方公司或品牌进行适当的赞美，并对竞争对手有一定的了解和分析D. 以上说法都正确5.毕业生就业享有诸多就业权益，但在就业过程中往往会出现一些损害毕业生权益的行为。
这就要求毕业生在求职过程中一定要提高警惕，擦亮眼睛，防止被骗。
下列做法中，你认为错误的做法是DA.找工作时，一定要了解清楚所求单位的真实背景和性质B.投简历前，可以通过网络、工商部门、学校就业处等核实单位的真实性C.对自己的一些个人信息做好必要的保护，尤其是在网络上D.国家明令禁止在招聘过程中以任何名义收取费用，但可以向应聘者收取适当的培训费。
毕业生应该对要求缴纳培训费以外的费用的用人单位提高警惕6. 下列关于就业协议书的表达不正确的是BDA.就业协议书的全称是《全国普通高等学校毕业生就业协议书》B.就业协议书就是劳动合同C.就业协议书由用人单位、学校就业部门和学生本人各执一份D.就业协议书就是劳动合同7.（A ）是由省人力资源与社会保障厅签发，是毕业生就业时到用人单位报道及报道后办理各类保险的重要材料；同时是办理户口的迁移和档案转移的重要凭证，其一式两联蓝联合百联，毕业生持蓝联报到，百联存放本人档案中作为普通大中专院校毕业生身份的证明。
office第三套题目和答案
office第三套题目和答案一、WORD请在【答题】菜单下选择【进入考生文件夹】命令，并按照题目要求完成下面的操作。
注意：以下的文件必须保存在考生文件夹[%USER%]下书娟是海明公司的前台文秘，她的主要工作是管理各种档案，为总经理起草各种文件。
新年将至，公司定于2021年2月5日下午2:00，在中关村海龙大厦办公大楼五层多功能厅举办一个联谊会，重要客人名录保存在名为“重要客户名录.docx”的Word文档中，公司联系电话为010－66668888。
根据上述内容制作请柬，具体要求如下：1. 制作一份请柬，以“董事长：王海龙”名义发出邀请，请柬中需要包含标题、收件人名称、联谊会时间、联谊会地点和邀请人。
2. 对请柬进行适当的排版，具体要求：改变字体、加大字号，且标题部分（“请柬”）与正文部分（以“尊敬的XXX”开头）采用不相同的字体和字号；加大行间距和段间距；对必要的段落改变对齐方式，适当设置左右及首行缩进，以美观且符合中国人阅读习惯为准。
3. 在请柬的左下角位置插入一幅图片（图片自选），调整其大小及位置，不影响文字排列、不遮挡文字内容。
4. 进行页面设置，加大文档的上边距；为文档添加页眉，要求页眉内容包含本公司的联系电话。
5. 运用邮件合并功能制作内容相同、收件人不同（收件人为“重要客人名录.docx”中的每个人，采用导入方式）的多份请柬，要求先将合并主文档以“请柬1.docx”为文件名进行保存，再进行效果预览后生成可以单独编辑的单个文档“请柬2.docx”。
二、EXCEL请在【答题】菜单下选择【进入考生文件夹】命令，并按照题目要求完成下面的操作。
注意：以下的文件必须保存在考生文件夹[%USER%]下文涵是大地公司的销售部助理，负责对全公司的销售情况进行统计分析，并将结果提交给销售部经理。
年底，她根据各门店提交的销售报表进行统计分析。
打开“计算机设备全年销量统计表.xlsx”，帮助文涵完成以下操作：1. 将“sheet1”工作表命名为“销售情况”，将“sheet2”命名为“平均单价”。
形势与政策作业题第三套题答案 四川大学
形势与政策作业题第三套题答案1.乡村振兴战略是习近平同志年10月18日在党的十九大报告中提出的战略。
A.2016B.2017C.2018D.20192.习近平总书记特别提到，农业农村农民问题是关系国计民生的问题，必须始终把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重，实施乡村振兴战略。
A.关键性B.重要性C.根本性D.决定性3.在2018年2月4日，公布了2018年中央文件，即《中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见》。
A.一号B.二号C.三号4.到年底，全国基本上完成了土地改革，广大农民成了土地的主人。
农村生产力得到解放，为农业生产的发展和国家工业化开辟了道路。
A.1949B.1950C.1951D.19525.到年底，我国有96.3%的农户加入了初级社和高级社，我国对农业的社会主义改造基本完成，社会主义制度在农村基本建立。
A.1949B.1955C.1956D.19656.2004年一号文件以促进农民增收为主题推出一系列惠农政策，首次对农村、农业、农民提出“多予、少取、放活”的，是自此以后所有一号文件中含金量最高、政策效应最好、措施执行最有力的一个。
B.方针C.计划D.指南7.2004年12月的中央经济工作会，进一步提出中国现在总体上已经到了以工促农、以城乡的发展阶段，必须合理调整国民收入分配格局，实行工业农业、城市支持农村的方针。
A.支持B.支撑C.反哺D.依靠8.我国自年开始废止了农业税,从而结束了中国农民两千多年来缴纳“皇粮国税”的历史。
A.2005B.2006C.2007D.20089.2007年召开的党的十七大，在党的文献中首次提出“城乡经济社会”。
A.协同化B.一体化C.均质化D.一致化10.坚持把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重，切实把农业农村发展落到实处。
A.协调B.快速C.重点D.优先11.当前我国农业农村基础差、底子薄、发展滞后的状况尚未根本改变，经济社会发展中最明显的短板仍然在“三农”，现代化建设中的环节仍然是农业农村。
2021年12月英语六级真题答案(第三套)
2021年12月英语六级真题答案（第三套）含听力原文\题目\答案和阅读Section A跟第二套相同Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay related to the short passage given below. In your essay, you are to comment on the phenomenon described in the passage and suggest measures to address the issue. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Young people spend a lot of time on the internet. However, they are sometimes unable to recognize false information on the internet, judge the reliability of online information sources, or tell real news stories from fake ones.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you musts choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Conversation 1M: Good morning and welcome to “people in the news”. With me today is Megan Brown, an environmental activist whose controversial new book Beyond Recycling is making headlines.W: Hi Brian, thanks for having me today. I'm excited to explain to the audience what my book is really about.M: Critics of your book assert that you're trying to force radical changes on the entire country.Some claim that you want to force everyone to eat a vegetarian diet and make private transport illegal.W: I'm aware of those claims but they simply aren't true. People who haven't read the book are making assumptions about my arguments. They know I'm a vegetarian, that I don't wear leather or fur and that I always use public transportation, so they're depicting me as a radical animal rights activist and environmentalist, determined to force my beliefs on others.M: But don't you want others to adopt your practices? You campaign for animal rights and the environment for decades.W: I'd love it if people chose to live as I do, but my life choices are based on my personal convictions; they aren't my recommendations for others who don't share those convictions. M: Well, in this accept from your book, you argue that meat consumption and private transport are devastating the environment and that the best choices for the planet are vegetarian diets and public transport.W: I did write that, but those are examples of what I call best practices not what I'm actually suggesting. In my guidelines for saving the environment, I suggest modest changes, likeeating vegetarian meals two days a week.M: You also endorse high taxes on meat and other animal products and increase taxes on gasoline. Those taxes could force poor people to adopt your life choices.W: But the taxes I suggest aren't that high, less than 3% only plus the money generated would be allocated to environmental protection which benefits everyone.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.What do we learn about the woman's new book?A. It has given rise to much controversy.B. It has been very favorably received.C. It was primarily written for vegetarians.D. It offends many environmentalists.2. What do some critics say about the author of the book?A. She neglects people’s efforts in animal protection.B. She tries to force people to accept her radical ideas.C. She ignores the various benefits of public transport.D. She insists vegetarians are harming the environment.3. What does the woman claim about the diet changes she suggested?A. They are significant.B. They are revolutionary.C. They are rational.D. They are modest.4. What does the woman say about her suggested tax increase?A. It would help to protect the environment.B. It would generate money for public health.C. It would need support from the general public.D. It would force poor people to change their diet.Conversation 2M: With me in the studio today is Miss Jane Logan, author of the new book Secrets to Success.She claims to have uncovered how people achieve success. So Miss Logan, in your book you claim that successful people have many things in common. For instance, they know their strengths when pursuing a goal.W: That's right. They also tend to be motivated by a negative or positive life event. They credit their success to having someone in their life who believes in them.M: You also write that there are a number of different factors related to success. And while successful people are driven to achieve their goals, the ultra successful have even greater ambition.W: Yes, greater ambition as well as a burning desire to be the best of the best is also a common characteristic.M: Right, so those who are determined don't see obstacles something that prevents success, but mere inconveniences that need to be overcome.W: Absolutely. Successful people are also optimistic as it is important to stay positive while being aware of obstacles that can deter us from achieving our goals.M: That’s a good point. All too often people give up at the first hurdle. Would you say then thatmost successful people make it all by themselves?W: Not exactly. They are usually good at cooperating with people and understanding the needs of others.M: So people will be willing to help them, I guess.W: That's correct and this often leads to a great deal of mutual respect whether is with a colleague and assistant or even a receptionist.M: Most successful people I know are very passionate about their work. Would you say that passion is the single biggest key to success?W: Not entirely. There's a prerequisite that is you have to work in an environment that nurtures passion. If that exists, success will follow.Question 5-8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What has the woman revealed in her book?A. Where successful people’s strengths come from.B. Why many people fight so hard for success.C. How she achieved her life’s goal.D. What makes people successful?6. What do successful people attribute their achievements to?A. Having someone who has confidence in them.B. Having someone who is ready to help them.C. Having a firm belief in their own ability.D. Having a realistic attitude towards life.7. What do successful people do when faced with difficulties?A. They adjust their goals accordingly.B. They try hard to appear optimistic.C. They stay positive.D. They remain calm.8.What is one prerequisite for passionate work according to the woman?A. An understanding leadership.B. A nurturing environment.C. Mutual respect among colleagues.D. Highly cooperative teammates.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Passage 1That saying blind is a bat simply isn't correct. The truth is that all 1100 bat species can see and often their vision is pretty good, although not as excellent as other night hunting animals. There are two main groups of bats which are believed to have evolved independently of each other but both from a common ancestor.The first groups known as mega bats are mostly medium sized or large bats who eat fruits, flowers and sometimes small animals or fish. These species have distinctive visual centers and big eyes. They use senses of vision and smell to capture their prey. For example, flying foxes not only see well during daylight but can also distinguish colors. They actually rely on their daylight vision and cannot fly during the night with no moonlight.The second group called micro bats are smaller in size and mostly eat insects. These species use echo location to find their way and identify food. Scientists have proven that despite their poorly developed small eyes, these bats still can see during the day. When we consider the nightly lifestyle of these bats, we will see they have to be sensitive to the changing light levels. Because this is how they sense when to start hunting. Moreover, vision is used by micro bats to travel over long distances beyond the range of echo location, so the truth is there are no bats which are naturally blind. Some species use their sense of hearing more than their eyes as a matter of adaptation to a particular lifestyle, but their eyes are still functional.Question 9 to 11are based on the recording you have just heard.9. What do we learn about mega bats?A. They use their sense of hearing to capture their prey.B. Their food mainly consists of small animals and fish.C. They have big eyes and distinctive visual centers.D. Their ancestor is different from that of micro bats.10. How do micro bats find their way and identify food?A. With the help of moonlight.B. By means of echo location.C. With the aid of daylight vision.D. By means of vision and smell.11. Why do some species of bats use their sense of hearing more than their eyes?A. To make up for their natural absence of vision.B. To adapt themselves to a particular lifestyle.C. To facilitate their travel over long distances.D. To survive in the ever-changing weather.Passage 2A study has found that educational TV shows come with an added lesson that influences the child's behavior. Children spending more time watching educational programs increase their emotional aggression toward other children. This shows that children can learn the educational lesson that was intended.However, they're also learning other things along the way. This unintended impact has to do with the portrayal of conflict in media and how preschool age children comprehend that conflict. TV and movie producers often incorporate an element of bad behavior. This is to teach children a lesson at the end of the program. Educational shows have pro education and pro social goals. However, conflict between characters is often depicted with characters being unkind to each other. Or they may use emotionally aggressive tactics with each other. Preschool children really don't get the moral of the story. That's because it requires that they understand how all the parts of theshow fit together. You need pretty complicated cognitive skills and memory skills to be able to do that.These are still developing in young children. However, parents shouldn't completely constrain children's viewing. Parents should instead watch with their kids and help them to understand the plot. Parents can comment along the way and then explain the message at the end. They should explain how certain types behavior were not appropriate. This will help children interpret and get the message and help them learn to watch the show for those messages. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the recording you have just heard.12. What does the passage say about children watching educational programs?A. They acquire knowledge not found in books.B. They learn how to interact with their peers.C. They become more emotionally aggressive.D. They get much better prepared for school.13. Why can't preschool children get the moral conveyed in the TV programs?A. They are far from emotionally prepared.B. They tend to be more attracted by images.C. They can’t follow the conflicts in the show.D. They lack the cognitive and memory skills.14. What does the passage suggest parents do?A. Choose appropriate programs for their children.B. Help their children understand the program’s plot.C. Outline the program’s plot for their children first.D. Monitor their children’s watching of TV programs.15. What should Parents do right after watching the TV program?A. Explain its message to their children.B. Check if their children have enjoyed it.C. Encourage their children to retell the story.D. Ask their children to describe its characters.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Recording 1While it has long been at practice in Asian countries, many people in western countries have yet to embrace the no shoes and house rule. For many in those countries, wiping their shoes before going inside is recorded as sufficient. After all they may think a little dirt doesn't hurt anyone, but I can give you several good reasons why people should remove their shoes before going inside their homes.Bacteria are everywhere. They collect on your shoes when you walk along sidewalks, public toilet floors and even office carpets. In one study conducted at an American university,researchers collected microscopic germs from footwear. They found that up to 421,000 units of bacteria can collect on the outside of a single shoe and it only takes a little bit of dirt to damage your timber floors. The more dirt you track in, the more it scratches and the more often you have to clean. The extra scrubbing will harm your floors over time. Shoes can also leave marks and scratches on floors, especially high heels or shoes with pointy or hard parts. These can dent and scratch your floor and if you live in an apartment building, removing your noisy shoes is the polite thing to do out of consideration for your downstairs neighbors. Walking around with bare feet is actually better for your feet. It strengthens the muscles in your feet though many people are accustomed to wearing shoes during all their waking hours. The more time you spend wearing shoes, the more likely you are to incur foot injuries as a result.And if people aren't yet convinced by my arguments, I can give one final reason. The dust and toxic chemicals you bring into your house via your shoes can deteriorate the air quality in your home. Toxic chemicals are everywhere in our lives, insect killing chemicals used on public grass areas, cleaning chemicals on the floors of public areas by kicking off your shoes before you enter the home. You are denying entry to these harmful chemicals, given the amount of time we spending classrooms and the number of shoes that passed through them every day. You may well understand me if I were to propose a no shoes in the classroom rule.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. Why don’t many westerners take off shoes before entering a house?A. They are afraid of injuring their feet.B. They have never developed the habit.C. They believe a little dirt harms no one.D. They find it rather troublesome to do so.17. What is the finding of one study by researchers at an American university?A. Different types of bacteria existed on public-toilet floors.B. There were more bacteria on sidewalks than in the home.C. Office carpets collected more bacteria than elsewhere.D. A large number of bacteria collected on a single shoe.18.What is the final reason the speaker gives for removing shoes before entering a house?A. The chemicals on shoes can deteriorate air quality.B. Shoes can upset family members with their noise.C. The marks left by shoes are hard to erase.D. Shoes can leave scratches on the floor.Recording 2Emotions are an essential and inseparable part of our consciousness. They are part of a built in mechanism which allows us to cope with the ups and downs of our lives both physically and mentally.When we hide our emotions and our true feelings, we stop being genuine, spontaneous and authentic in our relationships. When we put on cultivated and polished faces in the company of others, we stop being true to ourselves. Socially, it may be a good tactic to hide our true emotions but morally it is also a breach of faith and trust. Although humans are more advanced andintelligent, animals are more genuine and authentic in their behavior and responses than human beings. The more educated we are, the less transparent and reliable we become. We are drawn to our pets because pets do not lie.One of the first steps in dealing with emotions such as anger or fear is to acknowledge them as normal and human. There is nothing sinful or immoral about being emotional unless your emotions make you inhuman, insensitive and cruel to others. Feelings of guilt associate with emotions are more devastating and damaging than the experience of emotion itself. So when you deal with the problem of emotions, you should learn not only how to control them but also how to accept them and manage the guilt and anguish arising from them.Our brains are made up of a primitive inner core and a more evolved and rational outer core. Most of the time, the rational part of the mind controls the information coming from the primitive core and makes its own decisions as to what to do and how to respond. However, during critical situations, especially when a threat is perceived, the outer core loses control and fails to regulate the impulses and instinctive responses coming from the primitive brain. As a result, we let disturbing thoughts and emotions arise in our consciousness and surrender to our primitive behavior. In times of emotional turmoil, remember that emotions arise because your sensors are wired to the primitive part of your mind which is self-regulated, autonomous and spontaneous. Your rational mind does not always deal with the messages coming from it effectively. These messages are part of your survival mechanism and should not be stifled simply because emotions are unhealthy and betray your weaknesses. When emotions arise, instead of stifling them, pay attention to them and try to understand the messages they are trying to deliver. This way you make use of your emotions without losing your balance and inner stability.Questions 19 to 20 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. What does the speaker say about hiding one's emotions?A. It is sinful and immoral.B. It is deemed uncivilized.C. It is an uncontrollable behavior.D. It is a violation of faith and trust.20.What should we do first in dealing with emotions?A. Assess their consequences.B. Guard against their harm.C. Accept them as normal.D. Find out their causes.21. What are we advised to do when emotions arise?A. Try to understand what messages they convey.B. Pay attention to their possible consequences.C. Consider them from different perspectives.D. Make sure they are brought under control.Recording 3Good morning class, my topic today is how to feed a hungry world. The world's population is expected to grow from 6.8 billion today to 9.1 billion by 2050. Meanwhile, the world'spopulation more than doubled from 3 billion between 1961 and 2007. Simultaneously, food production has been constrained by a lack of scientific research. Still, the task of feeding the world's population in 2050 seems easily possible.What is needed is a second green revolution. This is an approach that is described as the sustainable growth of global agriculture. Such a revolution will require a wholesale shift of priorities in agricultural research. There is an urgent need for new crop varieties. They must offer higher yields but use less water, nitrogen rich fertilizers or other inputs. These new crops must also be more resistant to drought, heat and pests. Equally crucial is lower tech research into basics such as crop rotation and mixed farming of animals and plants on small farms. Developing nations could score substantial gains in productivity by making better use of modern technologies and practices. But that requires money, it is estimated that to meet the 2050 challenge investment must double 283 billion US dollars a year. Most of that money needs to go towards improving agricultural infrastructure. Everything from production to storage and processing must improve.However, research agendas need to be focused on the needs of the poorest and most resource limited countries. It is there that most of the world's population lives and it is there that population growth over the next decades will be the greatest. To their credit, the world's agricultural scientists are embracing such a broad view. In March for example, they came together at the first global conference on agricultural research to begin working out how to change research agendas to help meet the needs of farmers in poorer nations. But these plans will not bear fruit unless they get considerably more support from policy makers. The growth in public agricultural research spending peaked in the 1970s and has been shrinking ever since. The big exception is China where spending has far surpassed other countries over the past decade. China seems set to transition to become the key supplier of relevant science and technology to poorer countries. But developed countries have a humanitarian responsibility too. Caused by scientists for large increases in the appropriation of funds for public spending on agricultural research are more than justified.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. What is an urgent need for feeding the world's population in 2050 according to the speaker?A. Cultivation of new varieties of crops.B. Measures to cope with climate change.C. Development of more effective pesticides.D. Application of more nitrogen-rich fertilizers.23. Where should most of the money be invested to feed the ever growing population?A. The expansion of farmland in developing countries.B. The research on crop rotation in developing countries.C. The cooperation of the world’s agricultural scientists.D. The improvement of agricultural infrastructure.24. Why does the speaker give credit to the world's agricultural scientists?A. For encouraging farmers to embrace new farming techniques.B. For aligning their research with advances in farming technology.C. For turning their focus to the needs of farmers in poorer countries.D. For cooperating closely with policymakers in developing countries.25. What makes China exceptional in comparison with the rest of the world?A. Rapid transition to become a food exporter.B. Substantial funding in agricultural researchC. Quick rise to become a leading grain producer.D. Assumption of humanitarian responsibilities.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in thebank is identified by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passageAccording to psychologist Sharon Draper, our clothing choices can absolutely affect our wellbeing. When we wear ill-fitting clothes, or feel over or under-dressed for an event, it’s natural to feel self-conscious or even stressed. Conversely, she says, opting for clothes that fit well and 26 with your sense of style can improve your confidence.But can you improve your health through your 27 clothing, without having to dash out and buy a whole new 28 ? “Absolutely,” says Draper. If your goal is to improve your thinking, she recommends picking clothes that fit well and are unlikely to encourage restlessness, so, avoid bows, ties and unnecessary 29 . It also helps to opt for clothes you 30 as tying in with your goals, so, if you want to perform better at work, select pieces you view as professional. Draper says this fits in with the concept of behavioral activation, whereby 31 in a behavior (in this case, selecting clothes) can set you on the path to then achieving your goals (working harder).Another way to improve your 32 of mind is to mix things up. Draper says we often feel stuck in a rut (常规) if we wear the same clothes - even if they’re our favorites - thus opting for an item you don’t wear often, or adding something different to an outfit, such as a hat, can 33 shit your mood. On days when you’re really 34 to brave the world, Draper suggests selecting sentimental items of clothing, such as ones you wore on a special day, or given to you by a loved one, as clothes with 35 associations can help you tap into constructive emotions.A. accessoriesB. alignC. concurrentlyD. currentE. engagingF. fondG. frameH. locationsI. perceiveJ. positivelyK. profile L. prospering M. reluctant N. showcase O. wardrobe Section BDirections：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraphmore than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter：Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Do music lessons really make children smarter?A) A recent analysis found that most research mischaracterizes the relationship between musicand skills enhancement.B) In 2004, a paper appeared in the journal Psychological Science, titled “ Music LessonsEnhance IQ.” The author; composer and psychologist Glenn Schellenberg had conducted an experiment with 144 children randomly assigned to four groups: one learned the keyboard for a year, one took singing lessons, one joined an acting class, and a control group had no extracurricular training. The IQ of the children in the two musical groups rose by an average of seven points in the course of a year; those in the other .two groups gained an average of4.3 points.C) Schellenberg had 1ong been skeptical of the science supporting claims hat music educationenhances children’s abstract reasoning, math, or language skills. If children who play the piano are smarter, he says, it doesn’t necessarily mean they are smarter because they play the piano. It could be that the youngsters who play the piano also happen to be more ambitious or better at focusing on a task. Correlation, after all, does not prove causation.D) The 2004 paper was specifically designed to address those concerns. And as a passionatemusician, Schellenberg was delighted when he turned up credible evidence that music has transfer effects on general intelligence. But nearly a decade later, in 2013, the Education Endowment Foundation funded a bigger study with more than 900 students. That study failed to confirm Schellenberg’s findings, producing no evidence that music lessons improved math and literacy skills.E) Schellenberg took that news in stride while continuing to cast a skeptical eye on the researchin his field, Recently, he decided to formally investigate just how often his fellow researchers in psychology and neuroscience make what he believes are erroneous-or at least premature-causal connections between music and intelligence. His results, published in May, suggest that many of his peers do just that.F) For his recent study, Schellenberg asked two research assistants to look for correlationalstudies on the effects of music education. They found a total of 114 papers published since 2000. To assess whether the authors claimed any causation, researchers then looked for telltale verbs in each paper’s title and abstract, verbs like “enhance”, “promote” ,“facilitate” , and “strengthen” . The papers were categorized as neuroscience if the study employed a brain imaging method like magnetic resonance, or if the study appeared in a journal that had “brain”, “neuroscience”, or a related term in its title. Otherwise the papers were categorized as psychology. Schellenberg didn’t tell his assistants what exactly he was trying to prove. G) After computing their assessments, Schellenberg concluded that the majority of the articleserroneously claimed that music training had a causal effect. The overselling, he also found, was more prevalent among neuroscience studies, three quarters of which mischaracterized a mere association between music training and skills enhancement as a cause-and-effect relationship. This may come as a surprise to some. Psychologists have been battling charges that they don’t do “real” science for some time - in large part because many findings from。
大学英语词汇练习第三套附答案
第三套题1. The headmaster was strict. He requested that we ______{s/1} television on week nights.[A]. not watch[B]. must not watch[C]. not be watching[D]. haven’t watched2. [D]o you remember ______{s/1} to Professor Smith during your last visit?[A]. to be introduced[B]. being introduced[C]. having introduced[D]. to have introduced3. He can't afford the ordinary comforts of life, ______{s/1}luxuries.[A]. not to speak of[B]. let alone[C]. to say nothing[D]. let it alone4. The dog was nowhere ______{s/1}.[A]. to find[B]. to be found[C]. to finding[D]. found5. He has to decide within a ______{s/1} while he is still young and can make choices.[A]. given period[B]. giving period[C]. period giving[D]. period gives6. Having been on the ______{s/1} for the whole month, the criminal decided to turn himself in to the police.[A]. escaped[B]. caught[C]. way[D]. run7. Seeing that the last bus was leaving, he made a ______{s/1} for it while shouting "Wait! Wait!"[A]. drive[B]. dash[C]. race[D]. relay8. If we carry out our plan with ______{s/1}, we will surely achieve our goal sooner or later.[A]. conditions[B]. determination[C]. competition[D]. frowns9. Jessica ______{s/1} her father on the knee and asked him not to worry about his health.[A]. patted[B]. struck[C]. stroked[D]. paced10. I was surprised to see the little girl play the piano so skillfully; she must have a(n) ______{s/1} future in music.[A]. promised[B]. processed[C]. promising[D]. processing11. Sherry is a member of a(n) ______{s/1} dramatic club. She goes there after work for practice twice a week.[A]. grateful[B]. amusing[C]. assertive[D]. amateur12. Our university celebrated its 100th ______{s/1} the year before last.[A]. anniversary[B]. birthday[C]. year[D]. birth13. Jane sometimes complains that her husband is not ______{s/1} enough. He never thinks of buying her any gift on special days.[A]. acceptable[B]. romantic[C]. assertive[D]. restless14. If you are always ______{s/1} to others' troubles, you won't get any help whenever you are in trouble yourself.[A]. indifferent[B]. regretful[C]. romantic[D]. phenomenal15. They took a taxi to meet you at the hotel just now, so they will arrive ______{s/1} half an hour later if there is no traffic on the way.[A]. hardly[B]. approximately[C]. instantly[D]. lately16. First of all, I would like to express my ______{s/1} to my parents, who have cared about me all the time.[A]. satisfaction[B]. regret[C]. attitude[D]. gratitude[C]orrect answer: D17. The stepmother was kind to her own daughters but cruel to Cinderella. But the poorgirl could do nothing about the ______{s/1} treatment.[A]. fair[B]. difficult[C]. unfair[D]. indifferent18. [A]dmired by people in many nations, Mr. Zhou Enlai is ______{s/1} among the world's greatest leaders.[A]. regarded[B]. considered[C]. believed[D]. ranked19. The young man gave a speech with great ______{s/1} and moved all those who were present.[A]. direction[B]. passion[C]. indifference[D]. regret20. A(n)______{s/1}of anger drove him almost mad and then he really did something stupid.[A]. burst[B]. outburst[C]. occasion[D]. output21. To secure our future, we need a(n) ______{s/1}economic strategy.[A]. consistent[B]. obvious[C]. interested[D]. huge22. Just imagine Mary ______{s/1} in her favorite chair back home.[A]. to sit[B]. sit[C]. sitting[D]. has been sat23. Mr. Thomas found the coins while ______{s/1}in his back garden.[A]. digging[B]. was digging[C]. dug[D]. being digging24. Snap judgments, if ______{s/1}, have usually been considered signs of immaturity or lack of common sense.[A]. taking seriously[B]. taken seriously[C]. take seriously[D]. to be taken seriously25. Being with his family for a few days, I gained one or two insights ______{s/1} the reason he behaves the way he does.[A]. into[C]. of[D]. off26. I intended ______{s/1} you last Sunday, but I had no time[A]. to have called on[B]. calling on[C]. to be calling on[D]. to be called on27. When you're in Paris you can't help being ______{s/1}of the way the streets are kept clean.[A]. effective[B]. relaxed[C]. conscious[D]. obvious28. The book offers some advice about how to make a good ______{s/1} at job interviews.[A]. attitude[B]. effect[C]. reaction[D]. impression29. It is very difficult, for the time being, to______{s/1} how much money is needed.[A]. account[B]. sign[C]. range[D]. estimate30. The teacher praised and rewarded the good ______{s/1}of his students in class.[A]. status[B]. behavior[C]. function[D]. sign31. We must ______{s/1}our attention on the question of reducing our cost.[A]. pay[B]. focus[C]. absorb[D]. promote32. My bag looks ______{s/1}to Mary's, so I often take hers by mistake.[A]. the same[B]. identical[C]. different[D]. like33. She bought a blue and yellow hat to ______{s/1}her new blue dress.[A]. match[B]. shade[C]. combine[D]. marry34. When workers are organized and united, managers find it hard to lay them ______{s/1}.[A]. off[C]. out[D]. down35. In case of emergency, please ______{s/1} the orders of the ship staff.[A]. post[B]. transfer[C]. confirm[D]. obey36. People at the store will ______{s/1}your TV set without charge because it is so new.[A]. bring[B]. buy[C]. repair[D]. return37. A completely new situation is likely to ______{s/1}when the age for leaving school is raised to 16.[A]. affect[B]. rise[C]. arise[D]. happen38. This ticket ______{s/1} you to a free meal in our new restaurant.[A]. gives[B]. grants[C]. entitles[D]. credits39. It might be asked what the author's basic______{s/1}were; then we could understand his works better.[A]. meaning[B]. intentions[C]. educations[D]. interests40. ______{s/1}he works hard, I don't mind when he finishes the experiment.[A]. As soon as[B]. As long as[C]. As well as[D]. So far as41. She was so (bewildered) ______{s/1} that she didn’t know what to do.[A] angry[B] confused[C] pleased[D] sorrowful42. He (condensed) ______{s/1} all the useful information in this book into a few pages.[A] compressed[B] collected[C] gathered[D] converted43. The museum has recently purchased an early (draft) ______{s/1} of the author’spoems[A] edition[B] collection[C] chapter[D] version44. The space shuttle program (entails) ______{s/1} the use of sophisticated technology.[A] creates[B] develops[C] involves[D] enhances45. Jack tackled the job with much (expertise). ______{s/1}[A] special skill[B] reluctance[C] enthusiasm[D] diligence46. Out of sheer curiosity I enquired whether the person he (lamented for) ______{s/1}was a relative of his.[A] mourned for[B] spoke for[C] pleaded for[D] ran risk for47. We tried hard to (console) ______{s/1} her when her husband died.[A] soothe[B] convince[C] dissuade[D] defend48. He vowed to (reciprocate) ______{s/1} for the good thing which had been done for him.[A] make a return[B] do better[C] forget the matter[D] cause bodily harm49. You should keep your (rage) ______{s/1}under control at this critical moment.[A] anguish[B] fury[C] anxiety[D] annoyance50. From the (rubble) ______{s/1}came the glitter of gold.[A] debris[B] hole[C] vault[D] chest51 A repeated ______{S/1}[B] stated[C] described[D] reported52. The presidency of the United States is often (depicted) ______{s/1}as the world’s most strenuous job.[A] imagined[B] described[C] explained[D] expected53. The pilot made one last (frantic) ______{s/1} distress call before he jumped witha parachute from the damaged aircraft.[A] little[B] desperate[C] hopeful[D] futile54. The negotiation between the two countries seemed to have come to a total (impasse) ______{s/1}.[A] clash[B] collision[C] end[D] deadlock55. The results of the test were quite (ambiguous). ______{s/1}[A] unclear[B] surprising[C] reliable[D] illegal56. He went to a lawyer to see if the contract had been (breached) ______{s/1}.[A] observed[B] altered[C] broken[D] renewed57. Most of the Americans are (middle –of-the-roaders) ______{s/1}, according to the survey.[A] extremists[B] moderates[C] radicalsD] right-handed people58. To our disappointment, George became rather (haughty) ______{s/1} after he won the election.[A] arrogant[B] pompous[C] furious[D] hideous59. subterranean ______{s/1}[A] backward[B] underground[C] surface[D] celestial60. treacherous______{s/1}[A] loyal[B] disloyal[C] reliable[D] true61． Most men pursue pleasure with such breathless ______{s/1} that they hurry past it.[A] haste[B] mist[C] harass[D] taste62． am hoping, one day, to ______{s/1}kids from all over the world, so they can be brothers and grow up together.[A] adapt[B] adopt[C] adept[D] apart63． ______{s/1}to 1950 whenChinese regained Tibet, Tibet was still in a slavery society under Dalai Lama's puppet regime.[A] before[B] after[C] prior[C] senior64． ______{s/1}, some television programs have been extremely harmful to the young.[A] fortunately[B] frankly[C] unfortunately[D] luckily65． Then you can not be a qualified ______{s/1}, Your work can be replaced by anybody.[A] persistent[B] resistant[C] assistant[D] consistent66． To this day, when I recall what happened that day, I still feel ______{s/1}.[A] confusing[B] confused[C] refused[D] refusing67． Freud said that the war was caused because men ______{s/1}for women.[A] repeat[B] companion[C] company[D] compete68． English language learners at this stage will need much ______{s/1}of English.[A] competition[B] companion[C] repetition[D] recurrence69． They hid themselves behind some bushed ______{s/1} that the enemy should findthem.[A] with fear[B] to fear[C] at fear[D] for fear70． Whenever the wind blows, they ______{s/1}, and branches straight fight.[A] shake[B] quake[C] tremble[D] shutter71． Some sports are usually done ______{s/1}, while others are done outdoors.[A] indoor[B] indoors[C] outdoor[D] outdoors72． Almost all human beings – from the most primitive to the most ______{s/1}– are affected by these three events.[A] civilized[B] disciplined[C] trained[D] developed73． Assist Executive Assistant in new employee recruitment, ______{s/1}, and labor contract and welfare issues.[A] employ[B] employment[C] employed[D] employing74． Being too anxious to help an event develop often results in the ______{s/1} to our intention.[A] country[B] contrary[C] convey[D] convoy75．An ______{s/1}is someone who didn't have enough personality to become an accountant.[A] socialist[B] historian[C] economist[D] artist76． She thinks her neighbors look down ______{s/1}her a bit because she's never been abroad.[A] at[B] on[C] with[D] for77． Its unhurried but sophisticated citizens ______{s/1}not only high incomes but also high levels of education.[A] breast[B] pride[C] boast[D] wrist78． The police found a bloody handkerchief on the ______{s/1}[A] area[B] spot[C] field[D] range79． We must limit the expense to what we can really ______{s/1}[A] take[B] cost[C] afford[D] commit80． After years of overwork his health broke down and he had to ______{s/1}in advance .[A] fire[B] retire[C] employ[D] hire81. ______{s/1} to the proposal so far have been mixed.[A]. Instincts[B]. Imaginations[C]. Reactions[D]. Realities82. I thought I would remain calm, but when I was ______{s/1} by the TV camera, I became very nervous.[A]. confronted[B]. affected[C]. Attached[D]. dominated83. The product is aimed at young people in the 18 - 25 age ______{s/1}[A]. range[B]. span[C]. reach[D]. spread84. They have ______{s/1} as the leading scientists in their field.[A]. emerged[B]. known[C]. broken[D]. recognized85. Our local hospital has become the latest ______{s/1} of the cuts in government spending.[A]. guilt[B]. intention[C]. violence[D]. victim86. We hope to become more ______{s/1} in knowing when earthquakes happen.[A]. accurate[B]. reasonable[C]. apparent[D]. aware87. As a teacher you have to ______{s/1} your methods to suit the needs of slower children.[A]. enlarge[B]. adjust[C]. affect[D]. afford88. Don't offer him a cigarette; he's trying to give it ______{s/1}.[A]. in[B]. for[C]. off[D]. up89. The Broadcasting Museum also offers Saturday workshops to ______{s/1} children with the world of radio.[A]. contrive[B]. Acquaint[C]. acquire[D]. admit90.The old man left home with his ______{s/1}-looking hat that seemed as old as its owner.[A]. funny[B]. new[C]. modern[D]. ancient91. His ______{s/1} deeds were almost unbelievable! I have never heard of someone as brave.[A]. fearful[B]. loving[C]. heroic[D]. shy92.Students ______{s/1} to the hall for a lecture given by a famous professor.[A]. blocked[B]. flocked[C]. staggered[D]. drifted93.Thousands of people, dead or seriously injured, were buried underneath the ______{s/1}of the city after the bombing.[A]. wreckage[B]. foundation[C]. base[D]. destruction94.The queen's daughter felt a little unhappy about the rules that a(n) ______{s/1}member must obey.[A]. loyal[B]. royal[C]. ordinary[D]. luxury95.Why are you getting so angry with her? She is a ______{s/1} child.[A]. merely[B]. more[C]. just[D]. mere96.I only caught a ______{s/1} of the woman, so I couldn't remember what she looked like.[A]. sight[B]. glimpse[C]. stare[D]. look97.The branches ______{s/1}when the wind gently blew.[A]. swayed[B]. shook[C]. staggered[D]. trembled98.Looking down from the top of the hill, she felt slightly ______{s/1} and closed her eyes.[A]. confused[B]. dizzy[C]. firm99.The train was just leaving as they ______{s/1}to catch it.[A]. flamed[B]. walked[C]. dashed[D]. blew100.The people in this country have ______{s/1}almost a decade of economic hardship.[A].endured[B]. got[C]. gone[D]. wailed第三组题答案1-5 A B B B A6-10 D B B A C11-15 D A B A B16-20 A C D B B21-25 A C A B A26-30 A C D D B31-35 B B A A D36-40 C C C B B41-45 B A D C A46-50 A A A B A51-55 A B B D A56-60 C B A B B61-65 A B C C C 66-70 B D C D C 71-75 B A B B C 76-80 B C B C B81-85 C A A A D 86-90 A B D B D 91-95 C B A B D 96-100 B A B C A。
2020年12月大学英语四级真题及答案(第三套)
2020年12月大学英语四级真题及答案（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write on the topic Changes in the Way of Communication. You should write at least 120 words but not more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension 听力共两套，已放在第一二套，此套不再重复。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in thebank is identified by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passageThe things people make, and the way they make them, determine how cities grow and decline, and influence how empires rise and fall. So, any disruption to the world's factories 26 . And that disruption is surely coming. Factories are being digitised, filled with new sensors and new computers to make them quicker, more 27 and more efficient.Robots are breaking free from the cages that surround them, learning new skills and new ways of working. And 3D printers have long 28 a world where you can make anything; anywhere, from a computerised design. That vision is 29 closer to reality. These forces will lead to cleaner factories, producing better goods at lower prices, personalised to our individual needs and desires. Humans will be 30 many of the dirty, repetitive, and dangerous jobs that have long been a 31 of factory life.Greater efficiency 32 means fewer people can do the same work. Yet factory bosses in many developed countries are worried about a lack of skilled human workers-and see 33 and robots as a solution. But economist Helena Leurent says this period of rapid change in manufacturing is a 34 opportunity to make the world a better place. "Manufacturing is the one system where you have got the biggest source of innovation, the biggest source of economic growth, and the biggest source of great jobs in the past. You can see it changing. That's an opportunity to 35 that system differently, and if we can, it will have tremendous significance. "A. automationB. concernsC. enormouslyD. fantasticE. fascinatedF. featureG. flexibleH. inevitablyI. interactionJ. leaningK. matters L. moving M. promised N. shape O. spared Section BDirections：In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraphmore than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter：Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The History of the Lunch BoxA) It was made of shiny, bright pink plastic with a Little Mermaid sticker on the front, and Icarried it with me nearly every single day. My lunch box was one of my first prized possessions, a proud statement to everyone in my kindergarten; "I love Mermaid-Ariel on my lunch box"B) That bulky container served me well through my first and second grades, until the live-actionversion of 101 Dalmatians hit theaters, and I needed the newest red plastic box with characters like Pongo and Perdita on the front. I know I'm not alone here-I bet you loved your first lunch box, too.C) Lunch boxes have been connecting kids to cartoons and TV shows and super-heroes fordecades. But it wasn't always that way. Once upon a time, they weren't even boxes. As schools have changed in the past century, the midday meal container has evolved right along with them.D) Let's start back at the beginning of the 20th century-the beginning of the lunch box story,really. While there were neighborhood schools in cities and suburbs, one-room schoolhouses were common in rural areas. As grandparents have been saying for generations, kids would travel miles to school in the countryside (often on foot.)E) "You had kids in rural areas who couldn't go home from school for lunch, so bringing yourlunch wrapped in a cloth, in oiled paper, in a little wooden box or something like that was a very long-standing rural tradition," says Paula Johnson, head of food history section at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History in Washington, D. C.F) City kids, on the other hand, went home for lunch and came back. Since they rarely carried ameal, the few metal lunch buckets on the market were mainly for tradesmen and factory workers.G) After World War I, a bunch of changes reshaped schools-and lunches. More women joined theworkforce. Small schools consolidated into larger ones, meaning more students were farther away from home.' And the National School Lunch Act in 1946 made cafeterias much more common. Still, there wasn't much of a market for lunch containers-yet. Students who carried their lunch often did so in a re-purposed bucket or tin of some kind.H) And then everything changed in the year of 1950. You might as well call it the Year of theLunch Box, thanks in large part to a genius move by a Nashville-based manufacturer, Aladdin Industries. The company already made square metal meal containers, the kind workers carried, and some had started to show up in the hands of school kids.I) But these containers were really durable, lasting years on end. That was great for theconsumer, not so much for the manufacturer. So executives at Aladdin hit on an idea that would harness the newfound popularity of television. They covered lunch boxes with striking red paint and added a picture of TV and radio cowboy Hopalong Cassidy on the front.J) The company sold 600,000 units the first year. It was a major "Ah-ha!" moment, and a wave of other manufacturers jumped on board to capitalize on new TV shows and movies."ThePartridge Family, the Addams Family, the Six Million Dollar Man, the Bionic Woman-everything that was on television ended up on a lunch box,"says Allen Woodall. He's the founder of the Lunch Box Museum in Columbus, Georgia."It was a great marketing tool because kids were taking that TV show to school with them, and then when they got home they had them captured back on TV," he says.K) And yes, you read that right: There is a hunch box museum, right near the Chattahoochee River, Woodall has more than 2,000 items on display. His favorite? The Green Hornet lunch box, because he used to listen to the radio show back in the 1940s.L）The new trend was also a great example of planned obsolescence, that is, to design a product so that it will soon become unfashionable or impossible to use and will need replacing. Kids would beg for a new lunch box every year to keep up with the newest characters, even if their old lunch box was perfectly usable.M) The metal lunch box craze lasted until the mid-1980s，when plastic took over. Two theories exist as to why. The first-and most likely-is that plastic had simply become cheaper. The second theory possibly an urban myth-is that concerned parents in several states proposed bans on metal lunch boxes, claiming kids were using them as "weapons" to hit one another.There's a lot on the internet about a state-wide ban in Florida, but a few days worth of digging by a historian at the Florida State Historical Society found no such legislation. Either way, the metal lunch box was out.N) The last few decades have brought a new lunch box revolution, of sorts. Plastic boxes changed to lined cloth sacks, and eventually, globalism brought tiffin containers from India and bento boxes from Japan. Even the old metal lunch boxes have regained popularity."I don't think the heyday（盛时期）has passed," says D.J.Jayasekara, owner and founder of , a retailer in Pasadena, California. "I think it has evolved. The days of the ready-made, 'you stick it in a lunch box and carry it to school' are kind of done. "O) The introduction of backpacks changed the hunch box scene a bit, he adds. Once kids started carrying book bags, that bulky traditional hunch box was hard to fit inside. "But you can't just throw a sandwich in a backpack," Jayasekara says. "It still has to go into a container."That is, in part, why smaller and softer containers have taken off-they fit into backpacks.P) And don't worry-whether it's a plastic bento box or a cloth bag, lunch containers can still easily be covered with popular culture. "We keep pace with the movie industries so we can predict which characters are going to be popular for the coming months," Jayasekara says."You know, kids are kids."36. Lunch containers were not necessary for school kids in cities.37. Putting TV characters on lunch boxes proved an effective marketing strategy.38. Smaller hunch boxes are preferred because they fit easily into backpacks.39. Lunch boxes have evolved along with the transformation of schools.40. Around the beginning of the nineteen fifties, some school kids started to use metal mealcontainers.41. School kids are eager to get a new lunch box every year to stay in fashion.42. Rural kids used to walk a long way to school in the old days.43. The author was proud of using a hunch box in her childhood.44. The most probable reason for the popularity of plastic hunch boxes is that they are lessexpensive.45. The durability of metal meal containers benefited consumers.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.A growing number of U. S. bike riders are attracted to electric bikes for convenience, health benefits and their fun factor. Although ebikes first appeared in the 90s, cheaper options and longer-lasting batteries are breathing new life into the concept.Established bike companies and startups are embracing ebikes to meet demand. About 34 million ebikes were sold worldwide last year, according to data from eCycleElectric Consultants. Most were sold in Europe and China, where the bikes already have exploded in popularity. Recently, the U. S. market has grown to 263,000 bikes, a 25% gain from the prior year.The industry is benefiting from improved batteries as suppliers over the years developed technology for laptops, smartphones and electric cars. In 2004, the price of batteries used on ebikes fell, spurring European sales.But lower cost options are emerging, too. This month, three U. S. bikeshare companies, Motivate, LimeBike and Spin, announced electric bicycles will be added to their fleets. New York-based Jump Bikes is already operating an electric bikeshare in Washington, D. C., and is launching in San Francisco Thursday. Rides cost $ 2 for 30 minutes.The system works like existing dockless bikeshare systems, where riders unlock bikes through a smartphone app. "This is the beginning of a long-term shift away from regular pedal (踏板) to electric bikes," said Jump Bikes CEO Ryan Rzepecki. "When people first jump on an ebike, their face lights up. It's exciting and joyful in a way that you don't get from a regular bike."Two years ago, CEO Chris Cocalis of Pivot Cycles, which sells high-end mountain bikes, found that U. S. bike shops weren't interested in stocking ebikes. Some retailers warned Cocalis that they'd drop the brand if it came out with an electric bike.Now that sales are taking off, the vast majority of bike dealers are asking Cocalis when he' Il make an ebike available. "There's tremendous opportunity to get a generation of people for whom suffering isn't their thing," Cocalis said. "Ebike riders get the enjoyable part of cycling without the massive suffering of climbing huge hills."46. What do we learn from the passage about ebikes?A. Their health benefits and fun values outweigh their cost.B. They did not catch public attention in the United States until the 1990s.C. They did not become popular until the emergence of improved batteries.D. Their widespread use is attributable to people's environmental awareness.47. What brought about the boost in ebike sales in Europe at the beginning of the century?A. Updated technology of bike manufacture.B. The falling prices of ebike batteries.C. Changed fashion in short-distance travel.D. The rising costs for making electric cars.48. What is the prospect of the bike industry according to Ryan Rzepecki?A. More will be invested in bike battery research.B. The sales of ebikes will increase.C. It will profit from ebike sharing.D. It will make a difference in people's daily lives.49. What prevented Chris Cocalis from developing ebikes sooner?A. Retailers' refusal to deal in ebikes.B. High profits from conventional bikes.C. Users' concern about risks of ebike riding.D. His focus on selling costly mountain bikes.50. What makes Chris Cocalis believe there is a greater opportunity for ebike sales?A. The further lowering of ebike prices.B. The public's concern for their health.C. The increasing interest in mountain climbing.D. The younger generation's pursuit of comfortable riding.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The terms "global warming" and "climate change" are used by many, seemingly interchangeably. But do they really mean the same thing?Scientists shaped the history of the terms while attempting to accurately describe how humans continue to alter the planet. Later, political strategists adopted the terms to influence public opinion.In 1975, geochemist Wallace Broecker introduced the term "climate change" in an article published by Science. In 1979，a National Academy of Sciences report used the term "global warming" to define increases in the Earth's average surface temperature, while "climate change" more broadly referred to the numerous effects of this increase，such as sea-level rise and ocean acidification（酸化）.During the following decades，some industrialists and politicians launched a campaign to sow doubt in the minds of the American public about the ability of fossil-fuel use, deforestation and other human activities to influence the planet's climate.Word use played a critical role in developing that doubt. For example，the language and polls expert Frank Luntz's wrote a memo encouraging the use of "climate change" because the phrase sounded less scary than "global warming," reported the Guardian.However, Luntz's recommendation wasn't necessary. A Google Ngram Viewer chart showsthat by 1993 climate change was already more commonly used in books than global warming. By the end of the next decade both words were used more frequently，and climate change was used nearly twice as often as global warming.NASA used the term "climate change" because it more accurately reflects the wide range of changes to the planet caused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The debate isn't new. A century ago，chemist Svante Arrhenius started one of the first debates over the potential for humans to influence the planet's climate. Arrhenius calculated the capability of carbon dioxide to trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, but other chemists disagreed. Some argued that humans weren't producing enough greenhouse gases, while others claimed the effects would be tiny. Now, of course, we know that whatever you call it, human behavior is warming the planet, with grave consequences ahead.51. Why did politicians use the two terms "global warming" and "climate change"?A. To sway public opinion of the impact of human activities on Earth.B. To more accurately describe the consequences of human activities.C. To win more popular votes in their campaign activities.D. To assure the public of the safety of existing industries.52. As used in a National Academy of Sciences report, the term "climate change" differs from "global warming" in that .A. it sounds less vague.B. it looks more scientific.C. it covers more phenomena.D. it is much closer to reality.53. What did industrialists of the late 20th century resort to in order to mislead Americans?A. Made-up survey results.B. Hired climate experts.C. False research findings.D. Deliberate choice of words.54. Why did NASA choose the term "climate change"?A. To obtain more funds.B. For greater precision.C. For political needs.D. To avoid debate.55. What is the author's final conclusion?A. Global warming is the more accurate term.B. Accuracy of terminology matters in science.C. Human activities have serious effects on Earth.D. Politics interferes with serious scientific debate.Part IV Translation（30 minutes）Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.鱼是春节前夕餐桌上不可或缺的一道菜，因为汉语中“鱼”字的发音与“余”字的发音相同。
大学英语四级考试2024年6月真题(第三套)及答案解析
大学英语四级考试2024年6月真题(第三套)Part I Writing (30minutes)Part I Directions :Suppose your university is seeking students'opinions on whethe university canteens should be open to the public.You are now to write an essay to express your view.You will have 30minutes for the task.You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words.I Listening Comprehension (25minutes)特别说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。
Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40minutes)Section A Directions:In this section,thereis a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Over the coming decades,millions of jobs will be threatened by robotics and artificial intelligence.Despite intensive academic 26_on these developments,there has been little study on how workers 27_to being replaced through technologyTo find out,business researchers at TUM and Erasmus University Rotterdam conducted 11studies and surveys with over 2,000persons from several countries.The findings show:In principle,most people view it more 28when workers are replaced by other people than by robots or intelligent software.This preference 29_,however,when it refers to people's own jobs When that is the case,the majority of workers find it less upsetting to see their own jobs go to robots than to other employees.In the long term,however,the same people see machines as more threatening to their future role in the workforce.These effects can also be observed among people who have recently become unemployed.The researchers were able to identify the causes behind these 30paradoxica results,too:Peopletend to 31_themselves less with machines than with other people.Consequently,being replaced by a robotor so ftware 32less of a threat to their feeling of self-worth.This reduced self-threat could even be observedwhe n participants assumed that they were being replaced by other employees who relied on technological abilities such as artificial intelligence in their work.“Even when unemployment results from the 33of new technologies,people still judge it in a social context,”says Christoph Fuchs,one of the authors of the study.“It is important to understand these 34effects when trying to manage the massive changes in the working world to minimize 35in society.”19·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·A)compareB)contradictsC)conventionalD)debateE)disruptionsF)drasticallyG)favorablyH)guarantee I)introduction J)modifications K)posesL)psychological M)reactN)reverses O)seeminglySection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet2.No escape as'snow day'becomes fe-learning day’A)Certain institutions,such as schools,are likely to close when bad weather,such as snow,flooding or extreme heat or cold,causes travel difficulties,power outages(断供),or otherwise endangers public safety.When snowy weather arrives in the US,it means the chance of school children benefiting from the long-standing tradition of the“snow day”,when schools are forced to close and students get an unexpected day off.B)The criterion for a snow day is primarily the inability of school buses to operate safely on their routes and danger to children who walk to school.Often,the school remains officially open even though buses do not run and classes arecanceled.Severe weather that causes cancellation or delayis more likely in regions that are less able to handle the situation.Snow days are less common in more northern areas of the United States that are used to heavy winter snowfall,because municipalities are well equipped to clear roads and remove snow.In areas less accustomed to snow even small snowfalls of an inch ortwo may render roads unsafe. C)Snow days are a familiar theme in American film and TV shows,with children getting the good news and then running outside for some seasonal snowman-building and snowball throwing,against a background ofjoyful pop music.But the tradition is now over for pupils in several US states such as South Carolina, Nevada,Georgia and Indiana.This academic year,many school boards have introduced policies which require students to work from home if the school is shut by snow or extreme weather.They are known as “e-learning days”,which certainly sounds less fun than a snow day.D)Teachers are also losing their snow days and instead will be expected to be on hand to take a virtual register and answer students'questions online.A pilot programme in a school district in Anderson County,South Carolina,has supplied students with electronic tablets loaded with assignments to complete in the event of a school closure.If it is successful,it could be rolled out across the state.E)But some parents object to the new policy if the vigorous debate on the Facebook page of Anderson County school district is anything to go by.“When it snows,let the kids enjoy it,”said one commenter.Another said the decision would“ruin school even more”,and someone else called snow days“a fun part of childhood”. But supporters of the policy say it means children will miss fewer days of school.It will also bring to an end a less popular US high school tradition:the“make-up day”,which requires students in many states to make up the time lost due to weatherby working during school holidays.·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·20F)Students in North Carolina already have several make-up days scheduled because of school closures duringHurricane Florence,which struck in September.Tom Wilson,the superintendent(主管)of Anderson County school district,said the change away from snow days makes practical and financial sense.He said technology has changed every profession,so it makes sense to use it to“eliminate”make-up days.Adam Baker of the Department of Education in Indiana said e-learning days were proving a“great success”.He said most Indiana schools already use digital devices during lessons,so it was an“easy decision”to extend this to days when schools are closed.He denies the decision is depriving children of the chance to enjoy the snow.“Students are still able to enjoy snow days and outside time,”he said.“Many have PE and science assignments that have them out enjoying the weather.”But local school superintendents in Ohio are resisting proposals to adopt e-learning days.They fear that students without internet access at home will be disadvantaged by the policy,and superintendent Tom Roth is concerned that e-learning days will offer a lower quality of education.G)There are also so-called“blizzard bags”,with assignments that children take home ahead of an expected snowclosure.But Mr Roth says it is not sufficient as a replacement.“I think we still need the class time to give our kids the education that they deserve,”he said.“Youcan't get that with a blizzard bag or doing the work from home like that.It's not going to be as effective.”H)There is a long-running debate on whether missing days of school affects attainment.In England,there hasbeen a focus on tackling absenteeism(旷课)from school.The Department for Education(DFE)published research in2016arguing that missing any days at school could have a negative impact on results.Even a few days lost in a year could be enough to miss out on getting a good exam grade,the DFE's research concluded.This differed from the findings of a study from Harvard University in the US,which concluded that missing a few occasional days because of the weather did not damage learning.I)The Harvard study examined seven years of school results data and could not find any impact from snowclosures.What caused moredisruption was when schools tried to stay open in bad weather,even though many staff and pupils were absent.But weather can make a difference to school results,according to another piece of Harvard research published last summer.It's hot weather that has the negative impact.The results of 10million school students were examined over13years and researchers found a“significant”link between years with extremely hotweather and lower results.J)It's obvious that students should go to school every day to get the most out of education.In cases of extreme weather students don't always have that option.However,research shows that authorised absences from school such as during extreme weather are less problematic for students than absences that are not authorised.This is because unauthorised absences tend to reflect patterns and behaviours of student disengagement,or the possible negative attitudes of parents towards education that students adopt and carry with them through schooling.The level of impact on students'educational performance is all to do with the length of time that a student is absent from school and how regularly this occurs.36.There is opposition to the practice of giving children assignments to take home before extreme weather forcesa school closure.37.New policies adopted by many US schools require students to do online learning at home in case of a schoolclosure38.According to some research,extreme hot weather negatively affects students'performance.39.There is a time-honoured tradition in the US for school kids to stay at home on“snow days”.21·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·40.Debates on social media show some parents are opposed to ending the“snowday”tradition.41.In more northern regions of the US,school is less likely to be affected by snowy weather.42.Research indicates absences from school with permission do not cause as many problems as those withoutpermission.43.There is objection to e-learning days owing to fear that students with no access to the Internet at home willsuffer44.In a pilot programme,students are given electronic devices to doassignments when schools areclosed.45.A long-standing debate is going on over the impact of school absences on students'academic performance.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.It may sound surprising,but you don't have to be interested in fashion,or even in history,to enjoy Dress Codes:How the Laws of Fashion Made History.I happen to be interested in both,and ended up enjoying the book for completely different reasons.Richard Thompson Ford is a law professor,and you probably won't forget that for even one page.His carefully reasoned arguments,packed with examples,sound almost like reading a court opinion,only maybe wordier.You will probably never think of fashion as a trifle again.Ford's thesis is that the best way to understand what particular fashions meant in any given era is to look at the restrictions placed on them.Through this lens,he shows us that the first laws passed in the1200s to ensure that only the nobility were allowed to wear certain fabrics,colors and ornaments reflected the rise of the middle class,who were now able to imitate some of these fashions.The status of the upper classes was threatened; fashion was a tool to preserve it.Ford takes the reader through the evolution of fashion while examining the underlying motivations of status sex,power,and personality,which,he assumes,influenced all innovations in fashion in the past and which continue to influence us today.His writing is more than alittle dense—dense with research,clauses,and precise adjectives and nouns.But there's also humor and enough interesting episodes to make the writing appealing.No one is spared his sharp analysis:not the easy targets of19th century women's crippling(伤害身体的)fashions nor the modern uniforms of Silicon Valley T-shirts.But the greatest strength of this book(on fashion!)is its intellectual profoundness.Ford asks us to question unconscious beliefs,to realize thatwe almost never do so,to understand that the simplest choices are charged with meaning,and yet that meaning can and does change all thetime.Consider the fact that a1918catalog insisted that boys and girls be dressed in the appropriate color.We believe our thinking today is evolved;Ford shows us it's not.46.What does the author think of the book Dress Codes:How the Laws of Fashion Made History?A)It is read by people for entirely different reasonsB)It is meant for those interested in fashion history·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·22C)It makes enjoyable as well as informative reading.D)It converts fashion into something for deliberation.47.How can people best understand a particular fashion in an era,according to Ford?A)By examining the restraints imposed on it.C)By glancing at its fabrics,colors and ornaments.B)By looking at what the nobility were wearing.D)By doing a survey of the upper and middle classes.48.What was the aim of the first laws passed regarding fashion in the1200s?A)To facilitate the rise of the middle class C)To help initiate some novel fashions.B)To loosen restrictions on dress codes.D)To preserve the status of the nobles.49.What does the author think of Ford's writing?A)It uses comparison and contrast in describing fashions of different erasB)It makes heavy reading but is not lacking in humor or appealC)It is filled with interesting episodes to spare readers intolerable boredom.D)It is characteristic of academics in presenting arguments.50.What does the author say is the greatest strength of Ford's book?A)Plentiful information.B)Meaningful choices.C)Evolved thinkingD)Intellectual depthPassage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the followingpassage.The art of persuasion means convincing others to agree with your point of view or to follow your course of action.For some ofus,persuasion is an instinctive quality and the power of influencing comes naturally.For the rest of us,persuasion skills can be learned and developed over time.Employers place a great value on employees with persuasion skills because they can impact several aspects of job performance.Besides,teamwork and leadership rely heavily on the power of persuasion to get things done.Without persuasion skills,employees may not be as committed to or convinced of the importance of an organization's vision and long-term mission.Effective use of persuasion skills will not only help get your coworkers excited about your ideas,it'll also help you motivate them to achieve a common goal.In order to learn the art of persuasion at the workplace,you need to understand how to handle conflicts and reach agreements.Good communication is the first step in effective persuasion,but logic and reasoning are just as important.Before you can get somebody on-board with your goal,you should help them understand why they should pursue ing visual aids to back up your ideas can help communicate your ideas better and make compelling arguments so your listeners will come to a logical choice and become fully committed to your ideas and plans.Successful persuasion skills are based on your ability to have positive interactions and maintain meaningful relationships with people.In order to sustain thoserelationships,you must be able to work in their best interests as well.Your coworkers are more likely to agree with you when they succeed alongside you.The more they achieve and the greaterprogress they make,the more they trust your judgement and strength.We persuade and get persuaded every day—we're either convincing or being convinced.A vast majority of people prefer collaboration and teamwork over traditional organizational structures;no one likes to be told what to do or to be pushed around.Therefore,organizations and leaders should adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessary changes.23·2024年6月四级真题(第三套)·51.What does the author say about the ability to be persuasive in the first paragraph?A)People may either be born with it or be able to cultivate it.B)It proves crucial in making others follow one's course of action.C)It refers to the natural and instinctive power of influencing one's coworkers.D)People may view it as both a means to convince others and an art of communication.52.Why are persuasion skills greatly valued in the workplace?A)They enable employees to be convinced oftheir long-term gains.B)They enable employees to trust their leaders unconditionally.C)They help motivate coworkers to strive for a common goal.D)They help an organization to broaden its vision effectively.53.What should people do to learn the art of persuasion atthe workplace?A)Acquire effective communication skills.C)Understand the reason for pursuing their goalsB)Avoid getting involved in conflicts with others.D)Commit themselves fully to their ideas and plans54.When are you more likely to succeed in persuading your coworkers?A)When they are convinced you work in their interests while sacrificing your own.B)When they become aware of the potential strength of the judgements you make.C)When they become aware of the meaningful relationships you keep with them.D)When they are convinced they will make achievements together with you.55.Why are organizations and leaders advised to adopt powerful persuasion skills to bring about necessarychanges?A)To convince employees of the value of collaboration.B)To allow for the preferences of most people of todayC)To improve on traditional organizational structuresD)To adapt to employees'ever-changing working styles.PartIV Translation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.汉语中的“福”字(the character fu)表示幸福和好运，是中国传统文化中最常用的吉祥(auspicious符号之一。
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2012同等学力经济综合模考试题（三）参考答案选择题
1、C
2、A
3、B
4、A
5、D
6、A
7、A
8、D
二、名词解释
1、增量改革：是指在基本不触动既得利益格局的前提下，在经济的增量部分率先引入市场机制的改革。
2、规模收益:规模收益分析的是厂商的生产规模变化与产量变化之间的对应关系。
在其他条件不变情况下,全部生产要素同比例增加所引起的产量变化有三种情况:①如果生产要素增加一倍,产量增加大于一倍,那么生产过程存在着规模收益递增;②如果产量增加也恰好是一倍,那么生产就是规模收益不变;③如果产量少于一倍,则存在着规模收益递减。
3、资本的边际效率:是一种贴现率,正好使一项资本物品的使用期内各预期收入的现值之和等于该项资本物品的供给价格或重置资本,即R0=R1/(1+rC)+…+Rn/(1+rC)n。
式中:R0为一项资本物品的价格；R1，…，Rn分别为该项资本物品在未来使用期内所有的预期收益；rC 为该项资本物品的边际效率。
由于它反映了投资者对预期收益的估计,因而也被称为预期利润率。
4、分类所得税：是对纳税人的各种应纳税所得，分为若干类别，不同类别（或来源）的所
得适用不同的税率，分别课征所得税。
例如，把应税所得可分为薪酬所得、服务报酬所得、利息所得、财产出租所得、营利所得等，根据这些所得类别，分别规定高低不等的税率，分别依率计征。
分类所得税一般采用比例税率，并以课源法征收。
这种税制的优点是征收简便、税源易控，可有效防止逃税行为，但其缺点是不能按纳税能力原则课征。
三、简答题
1、⑴利润最大化与生产要素最优组合的一致性；⑵既定产量下的成本最小；既定成本下的
产量最大；⑶生产扩展线方程的概念，与生产要素最优组合的一致性。
厂商的利润π＝TR－TC＝PQ－TC，将其对生产要素求一阶导数令其为零以寻求利润最大化的条件。
设该厂商仅使用劳动L和资本K两种生产要素，即Q＝f（L，K）＝Q0，TC＝rLL+rKK
则分别对L，K求偏导数得：P－rL＝0，P－rK＝0，按边际产量的定义替换并将两式相
除得：MPL/MPK＝rL/rK。
P143此即厂商追求利润最大化的投入组合。
又由生产扩展线的定义为一系列等成本线与等产量线的切点的连线，等产量线上任意一点切线的斜率为边际技术替代率MRTSL，K＝MPL/MPK，而等成本线为C＝rLL+rKK＝C0，其斜率为rL/rK，因此可得生产扩展线的方程为MPL/MPK＝rL/rK，与厂商追求利润最大化的投入组合相同。
故追求利润最大化的厂商必然会在生产扩展曲线上选择投入组合。
2、作图题，请参考大纲第253页或串讲课堂专题材料
3、两国在进行两中产品的国际贸易时，只有在两国都能从国际贸易中获得贸易利益才有可能开展国际贸易，答题的关键在于两国都要求贸易条件下优于国内的良种商品交换。
1）假设A、B两个国家生产X、Y两种产品，进行国际贸易前两国生产情况如下表，数字表示用单位劳动可以生产的X产品和Y产品的数量。
（2）从表中可以看出，A国的比较优势在于生产X产品，而B国的比较优势在于生产Y 产品，A国在贸易中用X产品换取Y产品，B国在贸易中用Y产品换取X产品。
在A国，国内交换比率为10X：15Y，B国国内交换比率为20Y：10X。
若A国在国际市场上能够用10X换取多于15单位的Y，A国便会进入国际市场；反之，B国若能以少于20单位的Y 换取10单位的X，B国愿进入国际市场。
国内的交换比率便是A、B两国进入国际市场的上、下限。
这也就是两国开展国际贸易的贸易区间。
在由比较利益决定的两国交换比率的上、下限内，实际而且是唯一的均衡
贸易条件，是由两国对于交易对手的相对需求强度决定的，即双方正好能
够吸收掉对方的出口。
如对手对于本国商品的需求强度大于本国对于对手
商品的需求强度，则交换比率越接近于外国国内的交换比率；反之，则越
接近于本国国内交换比率。
4、政府失灵是指政府的活动或干预措施缺乏效率，或者说，政府作出了
降低经济效率的决策或不能实施改善经济效率的政策。
政府失灵主要表现
在短缺和过剩、信息不足、官僚主义、缺乏市场激励、政府政策的频繁变
化等方面。
公共选择理论认为，政府活动的结果未必能矫正市场失灵，政
府活动本身也许就有问题，甚至造成更大的资源浪费。
主要原因包括以下几个方面：
（1）政府决策的无效率。
公共选择理论在用经济模型分析政治决策过程时指出，民主程序
不一定能产生最优的政府政策。
原因：一是投票规则的缺陷导致政府决策无效率；二是政治市场上行为主体动机导致政府决策无效率；三是利益集团的存在导致政府决策无效率。
（2）政府机构运转的无效率。
公共选择理论认为，政府机构运转无效率的原因主要表现在
缺乏竞争、缺乏激励两个方面。
一是缺乏竞争导致的无效率。
首先是政府工作人员之间缺乏竞争，其次是在政府部门之间缺乏竞争；二是缺乏降低成本的激励导致的无效率。
（3）政府干预的无效率。
有些政府干预形式为寻租行为创造了条件。
因为在这种制度安排
下，政府人为地制造出一种稀缺，这种稀缺就会产生潜在的租金，必然出现寻租行为。
寻租行为越多，社会经济资源浪费越大。
四、论述题（简要点）
1、第一，国有企业股份制改造的基本思路。
（1）在政资分开的基础上实行政企分开。
（2）国有股股权分散化。
（3）公司产权独立化。
（4）企业内部治理结构高级化。
第二，应根据国有企业的不同类型选择不同的改革战略：
（1）提供公共产品的企业宜选择国有国营模式。
（2）自然垄断性国有企业宜选择国有国控模式。
（3）大型竞争性国有企业宜进行股份制改造。
竞争性国有中小企业宜完全放开。
2、（1）配合的基础：财政政策与货币政策是政府宏观调控的两大政策，都是需求管理
的政策。
国家干预经济的宏观调控，其焦点在于推动市场的总供给与总需求恢复均衡状态，以实现成长、就业、稳定和国际收支平衡等目标。
由于市场需求的载体是货币，所以调节市场需求也就是调节货币供给。
换言之，需求管理政策的运作离不开对货币供给的调节：或是使之增加，或是使之缩减。
货币政策是这样，财政政策也是这样。
这就是它们两者应该配合、也可能配合的基础。
（2）配合模式：
在经济疲软、萧条的形势下，要想通过扩张的宏观经济政策克服需求不足，以促使经济转热，货币政策不如财政政策。
在过冷的经济形势下，商业银行缺乏扩大信贷业务的积极性，厂商缺乏扩大投资支出的积极性，消费者也同样缺乏扩大消费支出的积极性。
不仅他们的行为意向与货币当局不必一致，而且也不听命于货币当局。
所以，即使中央银行执行扩张性的货币政策，也不易收到扩张的实际效果。
财政政策则不同，财政扩大投资是私人厂商无需自
己冒风险投资却可以获得维持乃至扩大经营的好机会。
投资支出以及带动的消费支出，再加上增加财政性社会保障和社会福利支出直接引出的消费支出，对于扭转经济发展的颓势往往起着关键的作用。
在经济过热的形势下，要想通过紧缩的宏观经济政策抑制需求过旺，以克服通货膨胀，财政政策不如货币政策。
中央银行在抑制货币供给增长方面的作用是强而有力的：其一，有很多可以运用的工具；其二，对于创造存款货币的商业银行能够起强而有力的制约作用。
而财政政策要紧缩，就有颇大的难度。
对所有国家来说，财政支出有极强的刚性，不仅难以绝对压缩，甚至压缩增幅也并非易事。
税收和支出政策的调整均需通过立法程序，而增税和减少福利支出这类问题，是很难获准通过的。
同时，不管是货币政策还是财政政策，在用其积极有利一面时，总会伴随有不可避免的消极的副作用。
相互搭配使用，有可能使副作用有所减弱。