古典小说翻译

IV.Principles for Classical Fiction Translation
--再现人物语言个性 ‚女儿悲，嫁个男人是乌龟‛ ‚女儿愁，绣房钻出个大 马猴‛ （《红楼梦》第28回薛蟠所行酒令） ‚The girl’s sorrow: she married a queer‛ ‚the girl’s worry:a big gorilla springs out of her boudoir‛ (杨译) ‚the girl’s upset: she’s married to a marmoset‛ ‚the girl looks glum: his dad’s a baboon with a big red bum‛（霍译）
--再现小说修辞 隐喻
--直译法 （喻体相同，意义对等）
‚look at him, Amelia, mr dear, driving into the parlour
window, such a bull in chinashop I never saw‛ – Vanity Fair ‚艾米利亚，亲爱的快看，他骑到人家客厅的窗子里去了， 我一辈子没见过这样儿，真是大公牛闯到瓷器店里去了‛ --杨必译
--再现人物形象塑造 肖像描写、行动描写、心理描写的等值翻译（动态 对等） Tom raved like a mad man, beat his breast, tore his hair, stamped on the ground,and vowed the utmost vengeance on all who had been concerned. (Tom Jones) 汤姆像个疯子一样，咆哮叫骂，捶胸薅发，顿足震地， 起誓呼天，要对所有一切参与其事的人，都极尽报 仇雪恨之能事。 （张若谷译）
I. What is Fiction
• Fiction comes from the Latin word fingere, which means ‚the action of shaping, a feigning (捏造). • It is the telling of stories which are not entirely based upon facts. More specifically, fiction is an imaginative form of narrative.
霍译：frowner
人名的翻译：音译，意译，音译意译兼用，加注
---叙事策略的处理 --不同的叙事角度产生不同的审美效果 第一人称：身临其境 第二人称：邀请对话 第三人称：客观纪实 三种人称交错使用：立体真实，变化多样 ---叙事节奏使故事情节灵活多变
Thank You !
• 5. Style • Style is not so much what is written, but how it is written and interpreted. • A fiction writer may manipulate diction, sentence structure, phrasing, dialogue, and other aspects of language to create style or mood.
III. Characteristics of fiction
• 1.vividness • • Accurate use of words: • E.g. cry，sob，weep • The small locomotive engine, Number 4, came clanking, stumbling down from Selston with seven full wagons. (D· H· Lawrence: The Odour of Chrysanthemums) • 四号小火车的车头拖着七节装满货物的车厢， 从赛尔斯顿方向跌跌撞撞地开了过来，一路上 发出叮叮咣咣的声响。
• 4. Theme • Theme is a conceptual distillation（精髓）of the story. • It is the central idea or insight serving as a unifying element, creating cohesion and is an answer to the question, 'What did you learn from the piece of fiction?'
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu •
3. rhetorical devices
• E.g. ‚Mine is a long and sad tale!‛ said the Mouse, turning to Alice, and sighing. ‚It is a long tail, certainly,‛ said Alice, looking down with wonder at the Mouse’s tail, ‚But why do you call it sad?‛（Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland） 那老鼠对着爱丽丝叹了口气道：‚唉，我的历史说来可真是又 长又苦又委屈呀！‛ 爱丽丝听了，瞧着那老鼠的尾巴说，‚你这尾是曲呀！课时为 什么又叫它苦呢？‛ (赵元任译)
• 2. personal language • (personality, social status, education…)
• e.g. ‚Hello,Jim,have I been asleep? Why didn‘t you stir me up?‛ ‚Goodness gracious,is dat you,Huck?En you ain’dead-you ain‘drownded-you’s back agin?It‘s too goodfor true,honey,it is too good for true.Lemme look at you,chile,lemme feelo’you…‛
古典小说翻译
Translation of Classical Fiction
• • • •
I. What is fiction? II. Elements of fiction III. Characteristics of fiction IV. Principles for Classical Fiction Translation
• 2. Plot
• Plot, is the rendering and ordering of the events and actions of a story. • On a macro level, plot has a beginning, a middle, and an ending.
• Plot is often depicted as an arc（拱形） with a zig-zag （弯弯曲曲）line to represent the rise and fall of action.
• 3. Setting • Setting is the locale（场所） and time of a story.
象征 Tess, her cheeks on fire, moved away furtively, as if hardly moving at all. 苔丝像被火烤一样满脸通红，好像根本无法移动一步， 就悄悄躲在一边。
---人名意义的保持 宝玉问黛玉表字，黛玉说无字。宝玉笑道：‚我送妹妹 一妙字，莫若‚颦颦‛二字极妙 ‛。 杨译： pin-pin
II. Elements of fiction
• • • • • 1. character 人物形象 2. plot 故事情节 3. setting 故事场景 4. theme 故事主题 5. style
• 1. Character • A character is a participant in the story. • Characterization is one of the fundamental elements of fiction.