中国文化概况_Chinese_religion

Taishang laojun
• Taoists revered (尊崇) Lao Zi as the originator of the Taoist religion and called him “Taishang Laojun” (太 上老君).
Taoism Temples
• Taoism temples are places for Taoist priests to self-reflect and carry out their religious activities. The layout of the Taoism temples evolved from the traditional square-shaped Chinese courtyard, also resembling that of Buddhist temples in design.

According to a legend, when the elixirs were made, a dragon and a tiger were seen above the mountain. So, the mountain was renamed after the celestial animals (“丹成而龙虎 现，山因以名”).
Chinese Religions
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汪晓磊
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Chinese Religions
• China is multi-religion country.
• There are indigenous Taoist religion, all forms of folk religions, and religion of foreign origins such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity.
Mosque （清真寺）
• A mosque is always a high-domed building with sweeping arches, flowing arabesques (蔓藤花纹) and towering minarets (高耸的尖塔). • Inside, a mihrab, or niche (壁龛), which symbolizes the place where the prophet (先知) led the prayer, is set into the middle of the qibla wall in order to indicate the direction of Mecca (麦加).
The doctrine of Four Noble Truths (四谛)
• • • • life is suffering, the cause of suffering is desire, the answer is to quench (抑制) desire, the way to this end is to follow the Eight-Fold Path (八正道).
安徽齐云山
江西龙虎山
湖北武当山
四川青城山
Buddhism(佛教）
• Buddhism originated in India in the 6th century B.C. Sakyamuni is said to be the founder of Buddhism. • Buddhism was first introduced into China in the first century. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Buddhism entered its golden age. • The theory of Buddhism is based on the theory of samsara (轮回)，meaning that living beings orbit around the six spheres of heaven, hell and earth, just like an everturning wheel.
The First Buddhist Temple —The White Horse Temple
• The White Horse Temple, located 21 km east of the Luoyang City, Henan Province, was the first officially built Buddhist temple in China in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Islam(伊斯兰教)
• Islam was founded by the Arabic prophet (先知) Mohammed and was introduced into China in the seventh century. For people of Islamic faith, there is only one God, Allah. • The Arabic word “Islam” simply means “submission and obedience”.
The Taoist Religion（道教）
• Taoism is the indigenous (土生土长的) religion in China. • Lu Xun once said, “The Chinese roots are deep in Taoism. If one tries to comprehend Chinese history and culture, he must first comprehend Taoism and the Taoist religion.” • The Taoist religion evolved out of witchcraft (巫术), necromancy（方术 ) and selfcultivation techniques. Its highest belief is called “Dao”, its bible is called “Dao De Jing”.
Zhang Daoling
• The Taoist religion was founded by Zhang Daoling in the Eastern Han Dynasty and became very popular during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

It was named after the white horse that carried the Buddhist scriptures from India to Luoyang, then the capital of the country.
The Famous Buddhism Mountains
Other religions
• Christianity(基督教)
• Catholicism(天主教)
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Buddhism Temples
• Chinese Buddhist architecture includes pagodas, temples and grottos. Earlier Buddhist temples usually combined pagodas and a courtyard-style temple.
TheHale Waihona Puke Baidumost sacred Taoist mountain —Dragon-Tiger Mountain
• Dragon-Tiger Mountain is located at the southwestern suburb of Yingtan, Jiangxi Province. It is the birthplace of the Taoist religion.
• In front of Taoist temples, there are mountain gates, Huabiao (marble pillar) and fan’gan (幡杆). • Outside the Huabiao is the earthly world (俗界), inside it is the celestial place (仙界).
Eight Immortals in the Taoist religion
• The story about the Eight Immortals have been so popular and influential in Chinese society. • There is a famous saying about them :“Wh en the Eight Immortals cross the sea,each demonstrates his/her diving power”.They r epresent eight factors in Chinese people’s daily life.