语法专题复习

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• 真题再现：2001第9题 完型 • Concern were raised________ witness might be encouraged to exaggerated their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts. • A. what B. when C. which D. that • 分析： 本题考查的同位语从句的分裂。
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b. It +be +v.-ed+ that+ clause
• • • •
• • • • • •
It is believed that… 人们相信… It is known to all that… 众所周知… It has been decided that… 已决定… It must be pointed out that… 必须指出的是 … It is to be discussed that… 有待讨论的是 … …… It has been decided that the book be revised. 已决定修改这本书。 It has never been explained why university students seem to enjoy practical jokes more than anyone else. 为什么大学生似乎比任何人更喜欢恶作剧，从来没有人解 释得清楚。
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一、主语从句 1.功能: 充当主语 2.构成： A. 由两类连接词引导的主语从句 a. that连接 b. wh-连接 B. 主语从句后置的情形
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a. that连接 • That Romeo couldn’t marry Juliet is not surprising. • 罗密欧和朱丽叶无法结婚并不令人惊讶。
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3.用法： A.动词宾语从句 B.介词宾语从句 C.形容词宾语从句
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A.动词宾语从句
• He admitted that he had cheated. • The players believed they would win the game sooner or later. • that引导的宾语从句,that 可以省略 • 注意：动词+ it + that结构 • 和主语从句一样，我们也常常借用it当形式宾语，而把真 正的宾语放在后面。 • We consider it absolutely necessary that we should carry on the newly devised policy. • 我们认为继续贯彻这一新制定的政策是绝对有必要的。 • I have made it clear that I will never go back on my word. • 我已经说得很清楚了，我决不食言。
• The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root long before people realized how diverse language could be. • 结构分析：正确翻译此句关键在于弄清楚which 在句子中所指代的先行词是什么。 • 译文：希腊人认为，语言结构和思维过程存在着 某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千 差万别之前早就在欧洲扎下了根。
• 司机有时一定感到纳闷，汽车是否是福音。
• If 和whether引导的动宾从句，可互换，但or not通常 只和whether 搭配。
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B. wh-连接 • I wonder why he deserted his enviable well-paid position.
• 我不知道他为什么要辞掉那个令人羡慕的 高薪职位。 • The scientist could would reach the Jupiter. • 那位科学家无法计算出这艘宇宙飞船什么 时候到达木星。
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B.介词宾语从句
• 介词宾语从句通常是由wh-链接构成的，因为大部分介词 后不能加that引导的宾从。 • Whether he can succeed depends on how well he operates. • He was not conscious of what a big mistake he had made. • 他没有意识到他犯了一个大错。 • 例外—仅限于一些固定搭配：in that(因为)，but that( 要不是) except that(除了)，save that(除了)， besides that (除了), beyond that(除了)
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结构分析
译文
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二、宾语从句 1.功能：充当宾语 2.构成： A. that 连接 B. wh-连接 3.用法： A.动词宾语从句 B.介词宾语从句 C.形容词宾语从句
注：不及物动词不能直接加宾语从句
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A. that 链接
• Experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. 专家们证实，美洲狮除非被逼入困境，否则不会攻 击人类。 • The drivers must sometimes wonder if the motor is a blessing.
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a. It +be +adj.+ that+ clause
• • • • • • • • • It is necessary that… 有必要… It is important that… 重要的是… It is true that… 诚然… It is obvious that… 很明显 It is likely that… 可能的是 …… It is quite evident that a storm is coming. 很明显暴风雨要来了。 It is obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. • 显然，总统的多数顾问仍然没有重视全球变暖。
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？If he agrees to the plan makes no
结构分析
译文
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b. wh-连接
• Whatever is worth doing should be done well. • 任何值得做的事都应做好。 • How he managed to escape from prison in broad daylight is a mystery to us. • 光天化日之下他是如何越狱的，这对我们来说是个谜。 • What was missing was good mothering. • 所缺少的是母亲的良好照管。 • Who gets the job remains unknown. • 谁得到这份工作，还是个未知数。 • Whoever saw the scene/ situation should give a hand. • 无论是谁看见这样的情景，都应该伸出援手。
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c. It +be +n.+ that+ clause
• It is a common sense that… …是常识 • It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是 … • It is no wonder that… 不足为奇的是 … • It is a pity that… 遗憾的是… • It is our hope that we can get a high score in national postgraduate entrance examination. • 我们都希望能在研究生入学考试中取得好成绩。 • It is a little known fact that there were already half a million Germans in American Revolution. • 美国在独立战争时期就已经有50万的德国移民，这是一 个鲜为人知的事实。
not surprising. ——————引起句子结构混乱 • That the plates are moving is beyond dispute. • 板块在运动，这是毋庸置疑的。
？Romeo couldn’t marry Juliet is
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a. that连接
• Whether he agrees to the plan makes no difference. • 他是否同意此计划无所谓。
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d. It + vi.+ that+ clause
• • • • • • It happens that…. 碰巧… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起… It turned out that… 结果是… It seems/ appears that… 好像…. It doesn’t matter whether they turn up or not. 他们来不来没关系。 ？ It doesn’t matter if they turn up or not • 当whether引导的主从位于句尾时，可用if 替代，但if 通常不能和 or not 搭配。 • It doesn’t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. • 对于努力想显示自己强大的国家和人民来说，建造大坝已 经成为所取得成就的一种象征，这并没有什么好处。