全国英语四级阅读理解

阅读理解

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.

Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to articulate their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.

“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.

As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Extroverts enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas introverts are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.

Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of intimacy is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on reciprocity, honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.

57.The second paragraph implies that .

[A]teenagers without friends will suffer from psychological problems

[B]a widow or a widower will die very soon without companionship

[C]human beings need companionship and a sense of belonging

[D]both A and B

58. “No man is an island”(Line 1, Para. 3) implies that .

[A]everyone is a part of an island [B]man cannot be an island

[C]everyone is just a part of society [D]society is an island

59. The degree of intimacy of friendship mainly depends on .

[A]age [B]belonging

[C]personality [D]culture

60. The author thinks that close friends .

[A]can be easily formed when one is young [B]cannot be long-lasting

[C]are not rare for everyone [D]are rare for most people

61.The word “irrespective”(Last sentence, Para. 5) means .

[A]not respecting [B]dishonoring

[C]regardless [D]considering

【全文翻译】

友谊是人类基本的纽带之一。友谊的特点可能因国而异，但是来自任何文化中的人不仅仅都喜欢朋友，而且也都需要朋友。

许多研究表明，没有朋友的青少年常常会患心理疾病。研究表明，青少年也许比其他任何年龄组的人更需要友谊和归属感。寂寞对老年人也有许多的负面影响。丧偶常常使一个寡妇或鳏夫完全丧失了亲人。但是，如果他们的周围有朋友和亲戚，他们能够表达自己的感情，那么他们更有可能从悲伤中恢复过来。

“谁都不是一座岛”，换句话说，我们都是社会的一部分。我们都需要他人的爱、赏识、尊重和道义上的支持。如果幸运的话，我们的朋友会为我们提供生活所必需的这一切。

正如许多人注意到得那样，友谊有多种层次。友谊的亲密程度各不相同，主要取决于人的个性和关系背景。外向的人喜欢被许多人簇拥着，而内向的人也许喜欢与少数的人保持亲密的友谊。