Initiative Optimization Operation Strategy and Multi-objective Energy Management Method fo

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阿里巴巴平台日常操作规范（Dai...

阿里巴巴平台日常操作规范（Daily operation specification forAlibaba platform）This is what I saw in the course of study, I feel very useful, I'll take it over and share it with you. Every foreign trade Fu friends, we all know that the Alibaba platform important, also know to make good use of this platform, but they do not have a method, I experience a post on a point on the Alibaba background operation problem, my heart is not my own experience, but our company to do Alibaba platform. And Ali's sales staff over our introduction, feel very useful, that post I wrote a very simple, but this post was introduced with the hope that the majority of the use of Ali platform friends help fu. Remind: if anyone found that someone has posted this article, please give me a message in time, I will delete it immediately, so as not to take the Fu Bu layout, thank you.First, the daily duty operator must use his account to log on to the Alibaba operation background. Open Trademanager software at the same time, do not quit until after work.Two, the daily release of at least 3 new products and related information (the request is based on a certain product based on the newly uploaded customers according to their products and increase the amount of upload) released a new product, information must be done:1) four duplicate match: title, main key word, brief description and detailed description, all complete main key words.2) keyword setting: the main key word should be concise and accurate. (be aware of the words used by customers in their potential markets for export products); sub keywords can be used in different ways (e.g. plush toys and stuffed toys),Can set:Plush, toy--stuffed, toy) or long tail words (words that modify the main keywords, such as: seamless, pipe--stainless, steel, seamless, pipe). Sub keywords are equally important and must be filled out.3) a brief description of products: a brief description of the fill should be clear, attractive to buy furniture, it is advisable to take the following form: (3 ~ 5 can, pay attention to the control of words)1).----------2).----------3).----------4).-----------To highlight our product features 3 to 5 are described, such as the price of low-end product quality advantages, high-end products, technical standards and other related products by brand, if some valuable certification must be written up. Try to attract buyers as much as possible.4) detailed description: detailed description is one of the most important factors determining whether the buyer is sending an inquiry and the quality of the inquiry. Be sure to express clearly and professionally.Recommended form product involves all important information clearly, such as material, size, packing, standard, origin, performance and so on, especially the need for data to illustrate the performance and technology products. After the description, you can use a small amount of words to introduce your company's situation and advantages, such as countries and regions which have large transactions, through the certification, can according to the customer requirements of product development and production, OEM processing and so on.5) for the industry and categories of fill: requirements to be accurate, but not stick to the pattern". The meaning is: to accurately set the upload product belongs to the industry category, at the same time in a same time in addition to upload products can choose can form the overlapped area of the product category (such as glass, which belongs to the glass products, and belongs to the container class, also belong to the Arts and crafts class) through multi objective selection can improve the buyers to find your channel. (adjust the proportion of categories set according to product positioning)6) the selection and uploading of pictures: the selection and uploading of pictures is very important. It greatly influences whether buyers click on you or click on your competitors, especially those that pay attention to appearance and beauty. Product requirements clear, beautiful, and upload pictures is360 x 360 pixels (picture above can be filled with a resolution of 72), and the size of control in 150 ~ 200KB JPG format pictures, some of the products can reflect the characteristics and advantages of data products can be expressed in the picture.7) product group: remember to put the product in the appropriate product group so that it is easy for buyers to find your similar products and to understand your product categories. The premise is to remember to create the exact product group in "I want to sell -- Product grouping and sorting -- new product groups".8) trading conditions and availability: trading conditions and supply capacity is related to the buyers agree you whether the product selection factors, an important influence on the cooperation with you must be perfect, in the price of the fill should take into account the price of your products have advantages, and offer skills.If you do not understand the potential market price, or take into account the potential new market impact, you can carefully fill out.Note: after the Alibaba background operating system optimization, new releases and products have been released in the picture, title, property, description and other aspects to be different, can not let buyers feel the same product. From the beginning of the end of December 2009, will be released on the customer product information related to customer review, if found duplicate information, customer rankings will be greatly reduced.As long as it meets any of the following circumstances, that is, the information is repeated:1. product titles, attributes, and descriptions of exactly the same and identical pictures.2. product titles, attributes, descriptions are exactly the same, some have product drawings, and some have no product drawings.3, product attributes, pictures exactly the same title, description of the same, and can not distinguish between different products.4., the same product attributes, the title of the same description, the picture is the same product in different parts.Three, modify at least 10 old product information, modify product information must be done:1) a distinction is made between the original product information, the pictures, the brief description, and the detailed description.2) the original keyword, title, etc. can remain unchanged.Four, the initiative to contact the Alibaba platform buyers, buyers focus on large purchases. Contact more than 3 purchasing information every day, and contact purchasing information must be done:1) as far as possible to choose new hair purchase information, first select today's hair, and then sent yesterday, and so on.2) buyers of high quality information must quote on their own initiative.3) according to their company's situation, choose to match their company's big buyer purchase meeting, fill out the registration form.Five, often login Alibaba "member home" learning platform operation and foreign trade skills, sign up for the Alibaba hundred years customer training meeting online live activities.When releasing new product information, you need to provide the appropriate picture, provided by the operator or the relevant person in charge of the company, to ensure that there are enough pictures to use.Six, the law of e-commerce transactions1., the boss's attention.2. diligence of foreign trade personnel.3. service personnel's level of effort.。

建立一个属于自己的AVR的RTOS[1]

建立一个属于自己的AVR的RTOS 自从03年以来，对单片机的RTOS的学习和应用的热潮可谓一浪高过一浪.03年，在离开校园前的，非典的那几个月，在华师的后门那里买了本邵贝贝的《UCOSII》，通读了几次，没有实验器材，也不了了之。

在21IC上，大家都可以看到杨屹写的关于UCOSII在51上的移植，于是掀起了51上的RTOS的热潮。

再后来，陈明计先生推出的small rots，展示了一个用在51上的微内核，足以在52上进行任务调度。

前段时间，在ouravr上面开有专门关于AVR的Rtos的专栏，并且不少的兄弟把自己的作品拿出来，着实开了不少眼界。

这时，我重新回顾了使用单片机的经历，觉得很有必要，从根本上对单片机的RTOS的知识进行整理，于是，我开始了编写一个用在AVR单片机的 RTOS。

当时，我所有的知识和资源有：可以用来模拟仿真avr系列的单片机WinAVR 基于GCC AVR的编译环境，好处在于可以在C语言中插入asm的语句mega8 1K的ram有8K的rom,是开发8位的RTOS的一个理想的器件，并且我对它也比较熟悉。

写UCOS的Jean 在他的书上有这样一句话，“渐渐地，我自然会想到，写个实时内核直有那么难吗不就是不断地保存，恢复CPU的那些寄存器嘛。

”好了，当这一切准备好后，我们就可以开始我们的Rtos for mega8的实验之旅了。

本文列出的例子，全部完整可用。

只需要一个文件就可以编译了。

我相信，只要适当可用，最简单的就是最好的，这样可以排除一些不必要的干扰，让大家专注到每一个过程的学习。

第一篇：函数的运行在一般的单片机系统中，是以前后台的方式(大循环+中断)来处理数据和作出反应的。

例子如下:makefile的设定:运行WinAvr中的Mfile，设定如下MCU Type: mega8Optimization level: sDebug format :AVR-COFFC/C++ source file: 选译要编译的C文件#include <avr/>void fun1(void){unsigned char i=0;while(1){PORTB=i++;PORTC=0x01<<(i%8);}}int main(void){fun1();}首先，提出一个问题：如果要调用一个函数，真是只能以上面的方式进行吗相信学习过C语言的各位会回答，No!我们还有一种方式，就是“用函数指针变量调用函数”，如果大家都和我一样，当初的教科书是谭浩强先生的《C程序设计》的话，请找回书的第节。

Vacuubrand VARIO 化学泵与自适应压力控制系统说明书

F u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n a t w w w .v a c uub r a n d .c o m Self-optimizing vacuum for productivity and efficiencyThe VARIO® Chemistry-pumping units with adaptive vacuum controlVacuum applications in many laboratory and industrial processes benefit from electronical control by:■avoiding sample loss by foaming and boiling over■reducing process times for distillation and evaporation processes■improving reproducibility in drying, reaction and evaporation processes ■reducing operating time with continuous, automated optimization ■protecting the environment by capturing waste solvent vaporsVARIO ® controller provides fully automatic evaporation without parameter programming!VARIO ®-diaphragm pumps and chemistry pumping units optimize the vacuum automatically and accurately by adjusting the speed of the diaphragm pump. The CVC 3000 vacuum controller in the VARIO® pumping units detects the boiling pressure and responds automatically to provide the optimum vacuum conditions.■eliminates continuous oversight and manual readjust-ment, allowing you to focus on other research work ■avoids sample loss by eliminating bumping and foaming■waste vapor recovery rates near 100% keep lab airclean and protect the environment■ensuring of vapor pressures even incomplex mixtures reduces process times by as much as 30% compared with two-point vacuum controlOptimize laboratory processeswith VACUUBRAND VARIO ® technologyFully automatic processing by the adaptive VARIO® contolCompetitive unit in automatic mode - holds at first boiling point; evaporation stops because vacuum does not adapt to additional boiling pointsVACUUBRAND VARIO ®-Control - Complete distillation within shortest process time by adaptive boiling pressure-controlUp to 90% energy savings by VARIO® controlTwo-point control vs. VARIO® control■this reduces power consumption and energy costs byup to 90%■lower rotor speeds lead to fewer strokes per minuteand significantly extended service intervalsEvaporation Ethanol-Water 1:1Unlike some competitive pumping units, which detect the first boiling point and then hold the vacuum at that level, VACUUBRAND VARIO® control detects each boiling point and continuously adapts to optimize vacuum conditions even in complex mixtures!In a conventional two-point control with solenoid valve, the vacuum pump runs continuously at 100% speed, opening and closing the valve as needed to achieve pro-grammed vacuum levels. With the VACUUBRAND VARIO® control, the speed of the pump is adjusted automatically to the vacuum requirements of the process.VACUUBRAND offers the VARIO® chemistry diaphragm pump technology for a wide range of operations. Models with pumping speeds ranging from 2 m 3/h to nearly 20 m 3/h support applications ranging from individual laboratory applica-tions such as rotary evaporators, to multi-user lab vacuum networks, to replacement of rotary vane pumps in kilo labs and pilot plants. Depending on the pump version, the reachable ultimate vacuum is between 70 mbar and even down to 0.6 mbar. Select the right pumping unit for evaporation of your low- or high-boiling-point solvents at gentle temperatures.proPumping speed graph of VACUUBRAND´s VARIO® pumping unitsNew! VARIO Technology for a wider range of applications■automatically optimizing conditions ■without operator intervention ■and with reduced process timesAll while reducing emissions and saving energy.You focus on your research work......while the PC 3001 VARIO pro takes care of the evaporation!VACUUBRAND with SafetyAll of our VARIO® pumping units, and most of our other diaphragm pumps, as well, have no ignition sources in the internal, wetted area and are approved according to ATEX category 3. This means our pumps offer a high level of security in locations in which explosive mixtures might occur “infrequently“ in a neutral environment. In installations in hazardous areas characte-rized by the “occasional“ pumping of explosive mixtures, we continue to offer the special, ATEX-approved pumps. Thus, VACUUBRAND pro-ducts are also the safety leader in lab vacuum.The PC 3001 VARIO pro at a working pressure of 20 mbar provides:about 50% higher pumping speed than994291 - C h e m i s t r y p u m p i n g u n i t s E N 05/2009F u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n a t w w w .v a c u u b r a n d .c omT ec h n i c a ld a t a / o r de r i n g i nf o r m a t i o nTECHNICAL DATAVacuum controllerNumber of heads / stagesMax. pumping speedUltimate vacuum (abs.)Ultim. vac. (abs.) with gas ballast Max. back pressure (abs.)Inlet connectionOutlet connectionCoolant connectionMax. powerDegree of protectionDimensions (L x W x H), approx.Weight, approx.ORDERING INFORMATION200-230 V ~ 50-60 Hz 200-230 V ~ 50-60 Hz 200-230 V ~ 50-60 Hz 100-120 V ~ 50-60 Hz Versions, which include 230 V: ATEX: II 3G IIC T3 X, Internal Atm. only Pumping speed measured by ISO 21360* Country specific power cable, please order separately ** On request*** With NRTL certification for Canada and the USAm³/h mbar mbarbar kW mmkg PC 3003 VARIOCVC 30004 / 42.80.6 2 1.1Hose nozzle DN 10 mm Hose nozzle DN 10 mm2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.53 IP 40419 x 243 x 44420.6738400738401738402738403PC 3002 VARIOCVC 30002 / 22.87121.1Hose nozzle DN 10 mm Hose nozzle DN 10 mm 2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.53IP 40419 x 243 x 44417.4733500733501733502733503PC 3016 NT VARIOCVC 30008 / 119.3701001.1Small flange KF DN 25 Hose nozzle DN 10 mm 2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.53IP 40616 x 387 x 42029.7741800**741803PC 3004 VARIOCVC 30004 / 34.61.531.1Hose nozzle DN 10 mm Hose nozzle DN 10 mm2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.53IP 40419 x 243 x 44420.6737500737501737502737503PC 3010 NT VARIOCVC 30008 / 411.6 0.61.21.1Small flange KF DN 25 Hose nozzle DN 10 mm 2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.53IP 40616 x 387 x 42029.7744800744801***PC 3012 NT VARIOCVC 30008 / 312.91.531.1Small flange KF DN 25Hose nozzle DN 15 mm/10 mm 2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.53IP 40616 x 387 x 42029.7743800743801*743803PC 3001 VARIO proCVC 30004 / 32.0241.1Hose nozzle DN 6/10 mm Hose nozzle DN 10 mm 2 x hose nozzle DN 6-8 mm 0.16IP 20300 x 306 x 4007.7696700***696701***696702***696703***CEE CH,CN UKUS999184 - 02-1 / 2013The right VARIO®-Pump for your applicationRotary evaporators / reactorsThe PC 3001 VARIO pro is ideal for vacuum applications with high boiling solvents. The hysteresis-free vacuum control prevents superheating and foaming to protect valuable process samples. The controller enables automatic detection of vapor pressures and automatic adjustment of the vacuum level to the process requirements. The new ´pro´ version with improved pumping speed extends the range of use. Evacuation of larger vessels and process steps with high vapor volumes can be completed within shorter time. Programmed vacuum processes can be controlled by the integrated CVC 3000 controller or using an RS232C interface to your computer. The ´TE´ version of the PC 3001 VARIO pro uses a dry ice condenser to provide a cooling-water-free option for vapor capture if no cooling water connection is available or water conservation is critical. The PC 3001 VARIO pro with the Peltronic® emission condenser works without any cooling media.For exceptionally large amounts of vapor - like from parallel evaporators without condenser - the PC 3001 VARIO pro +IK with its condenser on the vacuum side is an excellent choice.Drying chambersVacuum drying chambers are used for drying very sensitive substances and when it is necessary to guarantee excellent residual drying. They generally need a very good ultimate vacuum depending upon the degree of drying, maximum acceptable temperature and the solvents used. At certain process parameters, there are large quantities of vapors that can only be handled with pump systems with a sufficiently large volume flow rate. Our product recommendations: PC 3003 VARIO or PC 3004 VARIO.Oil-free vacuum for kilo labsIn kilo labs and pilot plants, materials are produced in quantities of a few hundred gramsto several kilograms for pharmaceutical development, safety studies and early clinicaltrials for new drugs. Based on their extraordinary chemical resistance, our high perfor-mance chemistry pumping units PC 3016 VARIO, PC 3012 VARIO or PC 3010 VARIO areperfectly suited for these applications. The pumps operate without fluids such as water oroil, and thus reduce operating and maintenance costs. Variable-speed pumping systemsoffer unique control advantages in these applications, and are easily integrated intoprocess control via PC or programmable logic controllers.Operation in a local area network VACUU·LAN®VACUU·LAN® vacuum networks make it possible to supply high performance vacuum toseveral different applications from one vacuum pump (e.g., PC 3002 VARIO, PC 3003VARIO, PC 3004 VARIO). This is a money- and space-saving solution when a lot of users are working with vacuum in one laboratory and avoids the numerous drawbacks of a central (“house“) vacuum supply. For the vacuum outlets at workplaces, very versatile modules are available which can be easily upgraded. All of the components are available for new laboratory furnishings or for installation in existing or renovated laboratories. The modules are very resistant to chemicals and have built-in check valves to ensure that adjacent applications do not contaminate or interfere with one another.VACUUBRAND GMBH + CO KGAlfred-Zippe-Straße 4 · 97877 Wertheim · GermanyT +49 9342 808-0 · F +49 9342 808-5555*******************·Technical data are subject to change without notice。

Research on the Optimization Strategy of Online Te

Research on the Optimization Strategy of Online T eaching Mode in Colleges and UniversitiesQuan Jin, Hamidah Binti Mohd IsmailUniversiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam, Shah Alam Abstract: In the new era, the mode of online teaching has received wide attention from teachers and plays a very important role in the field of education and teaching in China. Extensive education and teaching practice proves that the mode of online teaching highlights obvious advantages, which allows students to deepen their understanding of relevant subject knowledge through online discussions, which is very important in China’s university education system. Different from the cultivation method and talent cultivation mode in compulsory education, in higher education, teachers should not only cultivate students’ ability to master knowledge, but also cultivate students’ ability to export knowledge. While under the traditional classroom model, there is a great lack of communication between teachers and students despite face-to-face interaction. When teaching face-to-face, students are reluctant to share their views with teachers, while online teaching can effectively change this situation by using the platform of the Internet to realize the stimulation of students’ initiative.Keywords: Online; Teaching; Higher EducationDOI: 10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250001.202206011. Connotation of Online T eaching Mode in UniversitiesIn the context of the rapid development of modern information technology, people’s demand for the network is also growing, the network has brought a lot of convenience to people’s lives and learning, and as a college teacher, in the process of teaching, need to recognize the importance of online learning to improve students’ comprehensive quality of various disciplines and training and other aspects of take a scientific and effective way to achieve efficient online teaching model optimization, so that students in the learning process of knowledge of the content can achieve a higher level of promotion. As online teaching entersAbout the author: Quan Jin (1986-10), female, Han nationality, Zhengzhou, Henan, Uni-versiti Teknologi Mara (Malaysia), PhD candidate, research direction: Education. Hamidah Binti Mohd Ismail, Female, native place: Malaysia, Universiti Teknologi Mara (Malaysia), title: professor, PhD degree, research direction: education.Journal of International Education and Development Vol.6 No.1 2022 the public’s field of vision, online teaching has also been widely recognized by teachers. Its application in the field of education and teaching has played a great role in promoting, effectively improving students’ learning ability, and providing a premise for the improvement of students’ comprehensive quality. Of course, this requires college teachers to recognize the importance of the richness of educational resources when educating students, and adopt a scientific and reasonable way to transfer knowledge to students. In addition, online teaching has the advantage of not limiting time and place. Students can learn knowledge at any time. When they encounter problems, they can also ask questions to teachers anytime and anywhere, which improves the efficiency of classroom activities and deepens the depth of communication between teachers and students. In the process of online teaching in recent years, due to the influence of many factors, online teaching also inevitably produces some problems. As college teachers, in the process of teaching, they should realize that the problem is an important way to guide practice, and take a reasonable way to optimize the mode of online teaching, so that students can obtain a higher level of improvement in online classroom.2. Strategies for the Development of Online T eaching Mode in Colleges and Universities(1) Deep explanation of basic knowledgeFrom the actual situation of online teaching in colleges and universities at this stage, in the context of the rapid development of modern Internet technology, online office and online teaching have been widely concerned by all sectors of society, and has become an important way for students and teachers in colleges and universities to work or study. Since online teaching can break the limit of time and space to the maximum extent, it brings new contents and forms to students’ learning and teachers’ teaching, and many teachers are also actively applying this model. However, some teachers often do not realize the importance of basic knowledge to students in the online teaching of colleges and universities, and they will urge students to take notes when carrying out offline classes. However, due to the distance and space differences between teachers and students, it is often difficult for teachers to understand the actual learning situation of students, or do not consider whether students have a more profound understanding of a problem in the classroom, which is easy to lead to the communication between teachers and students as there are problems in time and space, and reduce learning efficiency.Therefore, in the development of online teaching in colleges and universities, teachers should pay attention to the explanation of basic knowledge, basic knowledge is a part of the students need to take notes after class, online teaching, this part of the content is still very important, only from these contents, in order toJournal of International Education and Development Vol.6 No.1 2022let students online classroom also get great progress. In order to achieve this goal, in the process of on-site teaching, teachers in colleges and universities should make full use of network resources and multimedia resources. Through the combination of the two, students can submit homework online in the learning process of knowledge content, and improve the bad behavior in the previous learning process through online evaluation homework. At the same time, teachers should also be actively familiar with the basic methods of online teaching, and have a deeper understanding and experience of relevant teaching software and educational technology. Only in this way can the optimization of online teaching mode be realized, and students can learn knowledge seriously in the online classroom and complete the corresponding homework after class, so as to obtain a higher level of improvement. When explaining the basic knowledge, teachers should be prepared as much as possible, the content is diverse, and the form is flexible. Only by meeting these three requirements can students have a better understanding of the basic knowledge in the classroom.(2) Focusing on teacher-student interaction and student-student interactionTeachers of various disciplines should realize that the interaction between teachers and students and the interaction between students and students are very important in the process of online teaching. Only by realizing the close interaction between students and teachers can teachers understand the learning situation of students anytime and anywhere, and speed up the teaching progress according to the actual learning state of students, so that students can not waste time in the classroom, but also have a deeper understanding of knowledge. In the process of online teaching, the interaction between teachers and students has a better premise and can achieve a higher level of development. Online teaching allows students to directly transmit their own information to teachers and other students. Through online synchronous viewing, other students and teachers can understand their views on this issue, which improves the efficiency of teacher-student interaction. On the contrary, in the traditional classroom teaching process, some teachers do not realize the importance of teacher-student interaction, which leads to the insufficient enthusiasm and initiative of students in the classroom.In order to make the interaction in online teaching better, college teachers should actively organize students to preview before class and review after class. In the preview stage before class, the teacher should send the corresponding teaching video to the students, so that the students can understand the main content of the knowledge to be explained in this class by watching the video, and through the watching of the video, the video brought by the teacher to the students in the classroom teaching should be played repeatedly, so that the students can watch it repeatedly when they encounter problems that they do not understand, and improve their understanding of knowledge. In the after-school review stage, teachers canJournal of International Education and Development Vol.6 No.1 2022 upload the corresponding video, and students can learn in-depth knowledge points that they do not fully understand or learn thoroughly in the classroom according to the content of the video, so as to deepen students’ understanding of knowledge. In the classroom, teachers should encourage students to raise questions boldly. Only by asking questions can they constantly think about problems and make progress.At the same time, teachers can also guide students to communicate and exchange learning content through a variety of teaching platforms, such as wisdom tree, mooc and so on. Under the guidance of this way, although there is a distance in space and time between teachers and students, they can communicate anytime and anywhere, which realizes the effectiveness of communication and the improvement of communication efficiency.(3) Enriching learning resources and downloading materials at any timeTeachers of various majors in colleges and universities must realize that there is a huge difference between higher education and compulsory education, that is, the expansion of students’ learning content and the diversification of learning forms. Students in higher education have strong self-learning ability, at this stage, they need to be exposed to a wealth of knowledge and broad content, which is the only way to enable them to obtain a higher level of knowledge under the guidance of the knowledge, and what teachers in colleges and universities need to do is through the corresponding education and teaching platform to present more knowledge to students, so that students have a deeper understanding of knowledge and experience.3. ConclusionIn a word, when college teachers carry out online education for students, they should realize that online education can break the limitation of time and space, and actively communicate with students in the classroom, and organize students to feedback on the content in the classroom, and fundamentally increase students’ understanding and experience of knowledge. At the same time, teachers should also actively choose scientific and reasonable teaching content, expand teaching content and education form, so that students can learn more abundant knowledge at the stage of higher education, prepare for future work and study, enrich their minds, and expand their knowledge. During online teaching, they can still obtain a higher level of improvement.Journal of International Education and Development Vol.6 No.1 2022References[1] He Xiaolei, Mo Mingyue, Zhu Yulin, et al. “Exploration of Online Teaching Prac-tice in Universities Based on the New Crown Pneumonia Epidemic” [J]. Science and Technology Perspectives, 2020 (16): 14.[2] Dong Haiyang, Ji Xiaoxuan, Zhao Cuilian, et al. “Analysis of Online TeachingBased on University Physics Class”[J]. Academic Seminar, 2020 (3): 105.[3] Zhu Mei, Huang Ying. “How Students Can Learn Better during the Epidemic Phaseof “Stopping Classes Without Stopping Learning”” [J]. Sichuan Journal of Physio-logical Sciences 2020 (2):232.[4] Yuan Hong, Li Wuke, Wang Jun, et al. “Time and Reflection of Online Teach-ing”[J]. University Chemistry, 2021 (X1): 1.[5] Zhang Xiaomei. “Research on Task-based Online and Offline Hybrid TeachingModel”[J]. Software Engineering, 2020 (6): 52.。

物流英语

Logistics activity物流活动Logistics technology 物流技术Logistics cost 物流成本Logistics management物流管理Logistics center 物流中心Logistics network 物流网络Logistics information 物流信息Logistics enterprise物流企业Logistics document 物流单证Logistics alliance物流联盟Supply logistics供应物流Production logistics生产物流Distribution logistics 销售物流Returned logistics 回收物流Waste material logistics 废弃物物流Internal logistics企业物流External logistics 社会物流Environment logistics (green logistics)绿色物流Military logistics 军事物流Finished goods/products 产成品Transport organization运输组织Army replenishment军队补给Company operation公司运营Physical distribution实物配送After sales service售后服务Source of profit利润源泉In a cost-effective way成本最低方式Customer service客户服务Tangible product有型产品Intangible cost无形成本Mode of transport运输方式Sale initiative销售驱动EDI electronic data interchange International trade 国际贸易Total quality management全面质量管理Lean product (management)精益生产（管理）Unit load单元负载Load planning 装车计划Route schedule 路线安排Handling systems 搬运系统Production scheduling生产进度安排Time and place utility时间和空间效用Stock availability存货可得Delivery reliability交货可得Order cycle time订单处理周期Lead time提前期Value-added service增值服务Third-party logistics第三方物流Market segments细分市场Call-out time上门服务时间Order picking指定拣选Order quantities and timing订单的数量和时间安排Order fulfillment订单满足Order entry订单录入Handling/carrying搬运Loading and unloading装卸On time in full完全准时Monitor and control监控Trade-off平衡交替损益Pre-transaction/post transaction交易前/后Distribution processing 流通加工commodity inspection商品检验Automatic warehouse 自动仓库stereoscopic warehouse立体仓库Bonded warehouse保税仓库Reserving space 收货区Shipping space 发货区Goods yard/goods shelf货架Fork lift truck 叉车Pallet/container 托盘/集装箱Conveyor传送带Automatic guided vehicle自动导引车Box car箱式车Full container ship集装箱船Railway container yard 铁路集装箱堆场Inland container depot内陆集装箱中转站Container freight station集装箱货运站Container terminal集装箱码头Raw materials 原材料Spare parts零部件Work in progress 在制品In-process 半成品Cost minimization 成本最小化Capital intensive资本密集型Strategic stock 战略库存Cycle stock 经常库存safety stock 安全库存speculative stock 预测性库存seasonal stock 季节性库存Cross-docking operation 换装操作型Transshipment depots 转运型中转站Manual operation 手工操作Automated/computer controlled 自动化操作Own-account operation 自营业务Outsource 外包Regional distribution center/区域型配送中心national distribution center 国家型配送中心Warehouse management 仓库管理Warehouse layout 仓库布局Inventory-throughput relationship 存货和吞吐量的关系Inventory reduction 降低库存Time compression 压缩时间Damage, loss, deterioration损坏损失腐烂Stockless depots无库存中转站Roll cage pallet滚笼托盘Cage pallet笼式托盘Random location system随机存储系统Fixed location system固定存储系统Stock-out/out of stock缺货Sub-optimization次优High-technology高科技Product integrity产品完好Goods inward进货Reserve storage存储Replenishment补货Goods receipt收货区Dispatch face发货区Break bulk operation拼装业务Postponement延迟Seasonal fluctuation季节性浮动Breakdown, shutdown故障停工Gravity center重心Stock keeping unit库存单元Sorting system分拣系统Fresh product生鲜产品Bar-coding条纹Just-in-time准时制Up to the minute及时Stretch and shrink wrapping Chill or frozen goods 冷藏或冷冻产品Inventory control库存控制Inventory cycle time库存周期Inventory flow存货流Inventory turnover库存吞吐量Repetitive order quantity重复订购量Economic order quantity经济订购量Periodic review (fix interval)定期订购Fixed point reorder system (fix point)定量订购Moving average平均移动法Exponential smoothing指数平滑法Obsolete stock废弃库存Dead stock死库存In bulk大量散装ABC analysisABC分析法Land bridge transport大陆桥运输Declaration formalities报关手续Liner transport大陆桥运输Shipping by chartering 租船运输Shipping agence 船务代理International freight forwarding agent国际货代Customs declaration报关Customs broker报关行Certificate of origin原产地证明书Insurance policy保险政策Insurance premium保险单Dumping duty倾销税Duty-free price免税价Duty-paying price 完税价Sales package销售包装Inner packing内包装Packing of nominated brand外包装Neutral packing中性包装Transport package运输包装Delivery order交货指令Delivery date交货日期Delivery port交货港口Delivery terms交货条件Delivery time交货时间Dispatch note发运单Marks & number唛头On-dock facilities码头设施Layday 装卸期间,装卸时间,受载期Demurrage money滞期费demurrage days滞期日数dispatch money速遣费dead freight 空舱费additional freight 附加运费advanced freight 预付运费freight to be collected 运到收费, 运费待收Distribution structure 分销结构Direct system 直销Echelon system 梯队形销售FMCG fast moving consumer goods 快速移动消费品Capital cost 资金成本Service cost 服务成本Storage cost 储存成本Risk cost 风险成本Bull whip effect 牛鞭效应Efficient customer response (ECR) 有效客户反应Quick response 快速反应Decision making 决策Customer-focused 以客户为中心Demand oriented 以需求为导向Service driven 服务驱动Core business 核心业务Corporate capital企业资本Core competency 核心竞争力Zero-inventory technology 零库存技术Bill of materials 产品结构文件Computer assisted ordering计算机辅助订货Corporate reputation 企业声誉Over capacity产能过剩Final assembly总装配Feedback mechanism反馈机制Information Chain 信息链Information sharing信息分享Information time lags信息时滞External integration外部一体化Integrate all Information function整合所有功能Informal organization 非正式组织Integrated functions 一体化功能Facilities and equipmentInternal hierarchies 企业等级制度Handle with care小心搬运With care 小心搬运This side up此端向上This end up 此端向上Use no hooks请勿用钩Do not use hooks请勿用钩No hooks 请勿用钩Don’t turn over 不可滚转Don’t drop 不可掉落Not to be dropped 不可掉落Keep dry 保持干燥Keep flat 保持平放Stow level 不可横置Stand on end To be kept upright 保持直立Perishable goods 易腐物品Never lay flat 不可平放Not to be thrown down 不可抛掷Not to be packed under heavy cargo Not to be stowed below another cargo 不可重叠Fragile-with care 小心易碎Away from boilers and engines 不可接近锅炉或机器Guard against damp 防止潮湿Liquid 易流物品Not to be laid flat不可平放Stow in a cool place 保持冷冻Keep cool保持冷冻Keep from heat 保持冷冻Stow cool 保持冷冻（不可近热Inland shipping 内河运输Coastal shipping沿海运输Maritime shipping 远洋运输Break-bulk carrier杂货运输Mode of transport 运输方式Market penetration市场渗透Loss and damage 货损货差Rough handling野蛮装卸Economy of scale 规模经济Economy of distance距离经济Derived demand 衍生需求Price floor最低价格Price ceiling 最高价格Absolute advantage绝对优势Comparative advantage 比较优势Competitive advantages竞争优势Export supervised Distribution processing出口监管仓库Cargo under custom’s supervision海关监管货物International federation of freight association (FIATA)国际货代协会联合会Declaration for export (import) cargo进口货物报关Declaration for the entry (exit) of transit cargo转口货物的出入境报关International transportation cargo insurance国际货物运输保险Computer integration manufacturing system计算机辅助集成系统International through railways transport国际铁路联运International multimodal transport国际多式联运Integrated supply chain management集成供应链管理1、本文简述绿色物流的概念，阐述了我国实施绿色物流的必要性，针对我国绿色物流中存在的主要问题，着重从宏观和微观两方面提出我国发展绿色物流的措施。

考虑约束条件的油藏生产优化

第2 期J o u r n a l of C h i n a Un i ve rs i ty o f P etro l e um Ap r．2012 文章编号:1673-5005(2012)02-0125-05考虑约束条件的油藏生产优化军 1 ，魏绍蕾 1 ，张凯1 ，蒋金奎2姚(1．中国石油大学石油工程学院，山东青岛266580;2．北京总后油料研究所，北京102399)摘要:油藏生产优化是把对油藏生产体系的控制描述成一个最优化问题，通过求解最优化问题得到油藏生产的最优控制。

首先利用数值方法得到目标函数的近似梯度，然后利用投影梯度方法将近似梯度投影到可行方向上，在可行方向上进行线性搜索，得到满足约束条件的最优解。

通过计算案例，对两种近似梯度方法的优化效果与利用有限差分法得到的梯度的优化效果进行对比。

优化得到的调控方案可以满足约束要求，并且能够有效改善注水开发效果，大幅度增加油田的经济效益。

关键词:油藏;约束生产优化;近似梯度;边界约束;投影梯度方法;优化方案中图分类号:TE 323 文献标志码:A d o i:10．3969 /j．i ss n．1673-5005．2012．02．021C o n s t r a i n e d r e s e r v o ir p r o d u ct i o n o p t i m i z a t i o nYAO J un1，WEI S h ao-l e i1，ZHANG Kai1 ，J I ANG J i n-ku i2(1．Sc h oo l of P etro l e um Eng i n eer i ng in C h i na Un i ver s i ty of P etro l e um，Q i ngda o 266580，C h i na;2．Ce n tr a l I n s t i t u te of Oil Lo g i s t i c s D ep a rt m e n t，Be i j i ng 102399，C h i na)Ab st r a c t:The co n tro l of a rese rvo i r sy stem was d e sc r i b e d as an o p t i m a l p ro b l e m by u s i n g rese rvo i r p ro du ct i o n o p t i m i zat i o n，and the be st co n tro l stra te gy can be a c qu i re d． In order to d ea l w i t h th e co n stra i n e d p ro b l e m s，f i rst，t h e a pp ro x i m ate gra d i e n t of o b j ect f un ct i o n was o b ta i n e d by num er i ca l m et h o d．The n，the a pp ro x i m ate gra d i e n t was p ro j ecte d to feas i b l e d i re ct i o n b y p ro j ect i o n gra d i e n t m et h o d．F i n a ll y，t h e co n stra i n e d o p t i m a l so l u t i o n was o b ta i n e d by li n e sea rc h i n g on the feas i b l e d i rect i o n．The effec ts of two gra d i e n t-a pp ro x i m at i o n me thod s were compared w i t h that of rea l gra d i e n t ca l c u l ate d by f i n i te d i ffere n t i a l me th od by ca l c u l at i n g re se rvo i r ca se． The a c qu i re d c o n tro l strategy sat i sf i e s all of th e co n stra i n ts and i mp rove s the effec t of waterf l oo d i n g d eve l o pm e n t and ec o n o m i c effect s i g n i f i ca n t l y．K e y wo r d s:rese rvo i rs;co n stra i n e d re se rvo i r p ro du ct i o n o p t i m i zat i o n;a pp ro x i m ate gra d i e n t;boundary co n stra i n ts;p ro j ec-t i o n gra d i e n t m et h o d;o p t i mum co n tro l strate gy目前中国大部分油田逐步进入了开发中后期，石油的可采储量逐渐减少。

一种基于Dijkstra算法的启发式最优路径搜索算法

引入符号ｄ（口女，口￡）表示边（仉，矶）的权，则
ｉ一２
ｇ（口。，口。）＝ｄ（口。，口ｉ）＋≥：ｄ（勘；，口；＋１）＋
ｇ＝ｌ，一１
如此将不能保证得到的解一定为最佳解．图１形象地展现了一个典型的城市交通网的网络结构．从口ｉ到铆。的最佳路径最有可能是沿着箭
ｄ（可；一１，口；１）＋≥：矗（口ａ，秽；（＾＋１）＋矗（口；，，可。）．
算法的时间复杂度较高，使其应用受到限制．文献［１］提出了利用堆数据结构来改善Ｄｉｊｋｓｔｍ算法
Ｇ＝（Ｖ，Ｅ）描述，其中Ｖ＝｛口Ｉ％＝（ｚｉ，沈）｝，Ｅ＝｛ＶＲ｝，ＶＲ＝｛（“，口）ｊＰ（“，口）＾（摊，口∈Ｖ）｝．Ｖ为网络中的节点的有穷非空集合，（ｚ；，ｙｉ）为节点口ｉ的地理坐标，ＶＲ为网络中两个顶点之间的关系集合，Ｐ（“，口）为从顶点乱到顶点口一条边的权．Ｄｉｊｋｓｔｒａ算法首先建立了一个集合Ｖ７＝｛可ｌ口ｉ ∈ｖ｝，该集合初始化时只有一个元素，即路径的起始节点口。，Ｖ７为Ｖ７的补集．其计算步骤为：在Ｖ７中找到所有与Ｖ７直接相连的节点，然后将这些节点中与Ｖ７之间具有最小权值的节点添加到ｖ７中，如此循环直到将终点口。添加到Ｖ７中．Ｄｉｊｋｓｔｒａ算法实际上是宽度优先的搜索算法，它对所有与ｖ７直接相连节点采取同等对待策略，因此导致了Ｄｉｊｋｓｔｒａ算法为了找到最短路径需要搜索较多的节点，时间复杂度也就相应地较高，当然这种平等对待的策略也是该算法取得最佳解的保证．
图１城市交通网示意图
ｎｇ．１
通过对堆的插入和删除过程的分析可知：在一个二叉堆序列插入一个元素或删除第一个元素需比较的次数≤Ｌｌｂ规Ｊ次，当扎足够大时，采用二叉堆比其他数据结构能大大加快查找速度；但在元素个数较小的情况下效果不太明显．对于网络规模较大，节点数量较多的场合（节点数＞１０３），使用二叉堆对加快寻径算法的速度有举足轻重的作用．２

IT常用英文词汇

第一部分、计算机算法常用术语中英对照解/质数判定?Factori ng and Primality Testi ng 因子分Data Structures基本数据结构？Dictio naries 字典?Priority Queues堆？Graph Data Structures 图？Set Data Structures 集合？Kd-Trees 线段树？Numerical Problems 数值问题？Solvi ng Lin ear Equati ons 线性方程组Bandwidth Reduction 带宽压缩？Matrix Multiplication矩阵乘法？Determ inants and Perma nents 行列式'Con stra ined and Uncon stra inedOptimization 最值问题？Lin ear Programmi ng 线性规划？ Arbitrary Precisio n Arithmetic高精度计算？Knap sack Problem 背包问题？Discrete Fourier Transform 离散 Fourier 变换？Combinatorial Problems组合问题？Sorti ng 排序？Searchi ng 查找？Media n and Selectio n 中位数？Gen erat ing Permutatio ns 排列生成Generating Subsets 子集生成？Generating Partitions划分生成？Generating Graphs 图的生成？Cale ndrical Calculatio ns日期？Job Scheduling 工程安排？第一部分、计算机算法常用术语中英对照解/质数判定?Ran dom Number Gen eratio n 随机数生成Satisfiability 可满足性Factori ng and Primality Testi ng 因子分Graph Problems -- polyno mial 图论-多项式算法？Connected Components 连通分支? Topological Sorting 拓扑排序？Minimum Spanning Tree 最小生成树? Shortest Path 最短路径？Tran sitive Closure and Reduct ion 传递闭包？Matchi ng 匹配？Euleria n Cycle / Chin ese Postma n Euler 回路/中国邮路？Graph Problems -- hard 图论-NP 问题？Clique最大团？In depe ndent Set 独立集？Vertex Cover 点覆盖？Traveling Salesman Problem 旅行商冋题? Hamilt onian Cycle Hamilton 回路？Graph Partition图的划分？Vertex Coloring点染色？Edge Colori ng 边染色？Graph Isomorphism 同构Network Flow 网络流？Drawi ng Graphs Nicely 图的描绘Drawing Trees 树的描绘？Stei ner Tree Ste in er 树？Feedback Edge/Vertex Set 最大无环子图Computational Geometry 计算几何? Convex Hull 凸包？Triangulation 三角剖分？Edge and Vertex Connectivity 害U边/ 害UPla narity Detectio n and Embedd ing 平面性检测和嵌入? Voronoi Diagrams Voronoi 图?Nearest Neighbor Search 最近点对查询？String Matching 模式匹配？Range Search范围查询？Approximate Stri ng Match ing 模糊匹配？Point Location 位置查询？Text Compressi on 压缩?In tersect ion Detecti on 碰撞测试? Cryptography 密码？Bin Packing 装箱问题？Fin ite State Mach ine Mini mizati on 有穷自动机简化？Medial-Axis Transformation 中轴变换？Longest CommoSubstring 最长公共子Polygon Partitioning 多边形分割？Shortest CommoSuperstring 最短公共父Simplifyi ng Polygo ns 多边形化简？串？Shape Similarity 相似多边形？DP— Dynamic Programming 动态规Motion Planning 运动规划？划？Maintaining Line Arrangements 平面分recursi on 递归?割？Minkowski Sum Minkowski 和？第二部分、编程词汇？Set and Stri ng Problems 集合与串的问A2A in tegration A2A 整合？题？abstract 抽象的？Set Cover集合覆盖？abstract base class (ABC) 抽象基类Set Packi ng 集合配置ADO(ActiveX Data Object)ActiveX 数据对象？advaneedaggregation 聚合、聚集？algorithm 算法？alias 别名？align 排列、对齐？allocate 分配、配置？allocator 分配器、配置器？an gle bracket 尖括号？annotation 注解、评注？API (Applicatio n Programmi ng In terface)应用(程序)编程接口？app domai n (applicati on doma in) 应用域？即plication 应用、应用程序？abstract class 抽象类？abstractio n 抽象、抽象物、抽象性 access 存取、访问？access level 访问级别？access function 访问函数?account 账户？action 动作？activate 激活？active 活动的？actual parameter 实参?adapter 适配器？add-in 插件？address space 地址空间？address-of operator 取地址操作符application framework 应用程序框架？ADL (argume nt-depe nden tlookup)？appearanee 夕卜观appe nd附力卩associative container 关联式容器（对应architecture 架构、体系结构？archive file 归档文件、存档文件？argument引数（传给函式的值）。

关于物流仓储作业流程优化的外文文献

英文回答：At present, the optimization of logistics warehousing operations is an important initiative in the development of our logistics industry. As global trade continues to expand, our logistics industry is growing rapidly, and improving the efficiency of logistics warehousing operations and optimizing business processes has be a priority for enterprise development. The optimization of logistics warehousing operations not only improves storage management efficiency and reduces costs, but also enhances the internationalpetitiveness of enterprises. There is a need for in—depth study of logistics warehousing operations and continuous optimization of operations in orderto improve the efficiency and accuracy of warehousing operations and promote healthy development across the logistics industry.当前，物流仓储作业流程优化乃是我国物流行业发展中一项重要举措。

帮助区别前后鼻音的绕口令

the devel opme nt, is t he key to promoti ng the rule of law. The law may affect the efficiency of out of the path of deve lopme nt will be m ore smooth, won devel opme nt gains will be sustained, a nd end with greater efficiency. Lea ding cadres at all level s shoul d take the lead in re spe ct of law la w, bide by, and actively foster Socialist culture, actively promoti ng the field of multi-level governa nce accor ding t o law, gui de the masses and consciously abide by t he la w, failing t o find law, solve the problem by la w, i n accor dance wit h the law preva il. XXX admi nistration by law of leadi ng ca dres do not exist on t he rul e of la w, law enforceme nt, ca sual, and vow not t o invest ors, t he new scores and other turmoil. T hese im portant ex positions on my distri ct create g ood development e nvironme nt with highly targeted and gui dance, especially t he General Se cretary pointe d out that t he chaos in my area al so exist s to varying degree s, som e eve n quite seri ous. Leadi ng ca dres at all l evels must improve t he development envir onme nt of rule of law as a fundamental task, a dhere t o the pr oblem oriente d, sol id and solve the probl ems in the constr uction of rule of law, to r ule the new effect for devel opme nt environment impr ovements. To hold "key minority". Leaders of this gr oup, although few i n num ber, but the effect is critical. If a local lea ders take the lead right a ccordi ng to law, i n accor dance with t he law, the local CPPCC fresh, pragmatic an d efficient development e nvironme nt. Converse ly, if a local leaders of ignoring the la w, impunit y, not only t he political e nvironment will be destr oyed, will have seri ous implicati ons for the dev elopment envir onment. Now, some leadi ng ca dres la ck of awarene ss on the importance of lear ning, t hat learn or not does not matter. T hink efficie ncy is t oo low too m uch, act a ccor ding to t he pr oce dure, t han a n executive order getting al ong wit h. In deali ng with complex issues, often speak of "settling" and "done"; on the i ssue of handli ng letters and visits, like to spe nd money and buy stop a nd stable, but di sregard the law admi nistration, in accor dance wit h the la w, the r ulechain do l ong, a nd put scale big. To serve the devel opment of enterprises. Duocuo simulta neously impr oving se rvice efficie ncy, build better publi c servi ces platform, e nha nce w ork efficiency, initiative to hel p businesse s solv e t he pr oject procedures, fina nci ng loa ns, issue s such a s land-use a pproval, re duce operating costs, busine ss travel light and enha nce the confide nce t o overcome all kinds of difficulties a nd the Foundati on, real e ntrepre neuri al passion play entre preneurship, e nhance the internal vitality and creativity. SI XING an construction, prom oting the r ule of la w, tries to make the transformation of forest development XI Ge neral Secretary stre sse d, to reinvig orate Nort heast China, optimize d devel opme nt environment is very im portant. E nvironment of rule of law most gather Moss, the most conducive t o devel opme nt. Improvi ng the lea ding cadres ' usi ng the method of thoug ht and the rule of law Admini stration w ork, pr oblem-solving, t he ability to pr omote the devel opment, i s the key to promoti ng the r ule of law. T he law may affect the efficie ncy of out of the pat h of devel opme nt will be more sm ooth, won devel opme nt gains will be sustaine d, and end wit h greater efficie ncy. Lea ding cadres at a ll levels should take t he lea d in respe ct of law la w, abi de by, a nd a ctively foster Socialist culture, actively promoti ng the fiel d of multi-l evel gover nance accor ding to la w, g uide t he masse s and consci ously abide by the law, faili ng to find law, solve t he pr obl em by law, in a ccordance with t he law prevail. XXX admi nistration by law of lea ding cadres do not exist on t he rule of law, la w enfor cement, casual, and vow not to i nvestors, the new score s and other turmoil. The se important expositions on my distri ct create g ood devel opme nt environment wit h hig hly targeted a nd gui dance, e spe cially the Ge neral Secretary poi nted out that the chaos in my area also exists to varyi ng degre es, some eve n quite seri ous. Lea ding cadre s at all level s must impr ove the devel opment environment of rule of law a s a fundame ntal task, a dhere t o the problem ori ented, soli d and solve the problems i n the construction of rul e of la w, to r ule the new effect for devel opment e nvironment impr ovements. To hold "key minority". Lea ders of this group, although few in numbe r, but the effect is criti cal. If a l ocal l eaders take the lea d right a ccordi ng to la w, in a ccorda nce with t he la w, the l oca l CPPCC fresh, pragmatic a nd efficie nt devel opme nt envir onment. Conversel y, if a local lea ders of ignori ng the law, impunity, not only t he political environment w ill be destroye d, w ill have serious impl ications for t he development envir onme nt. Now, some l eadi ng ca dres la ck of aware ness on t he importance of lear ning, that lear n or not does not matter. Thi nk efficiency is too l ow too much, a ct according to t he pr oce dure, t han an executive order getting al ong with. In dealing with complex i ssue s, ofte n speak of "settling" and "done"; on the i ssue of handli ng letters and visits, like to spe nd money and buy stop and stable, but disregard the law administration, i n accor dance with t he law, the rul帮助区别前后鼻音的绕口令十字路口红绿灯，红黄绿灯分得清，红灯停，绿灯行，黄绿灯亮向左行，行停停行看灯明。

深度学习模型的自动化调参方法研究

深度学习模型的自动化调参方法研究随着深度学习在各个领域的广泛应用，如何快速而准确地调整深度学习模型的参数成为了研究者们关注的焦点。

本文将探讨深度学习模型的自动化调参方法，以提高深度学习模型的性能和效率。

一、引言深度学习模型是一种基于人工神经网络的机器学习技术，其在图像识别、自然语言处理和推荐系统等领域取得了显著的成果。

然而，深度学习模型需要调整大量的超参数，如学习率、批量大小和正则化系数等，以达到最佳的性能。

手动调参通常是非常困难且耗时的，因此自动化调参方法能够帮助研究者和工程师快速选择最佳的参数组合。

二、常见的自动化调参方法1. 网格搜索网格搜索是一种常用的自动化调参方法，它通过遍历给定的参数组合来寻找最佳的模型性能。

然而，网格搜索在参数空间较大时，会面临组合爆炸的问题，导致搜索效率低下。

2. 随机搜索与网格搜索不同，随机搜索通过从给定的参数分布中随机采样一定数量的参数组合来寻找最佳的模型性能。

随机搜索不受参数空间大小的限制，具有较高的搜索效率。

3. 贝叶斯优化贝叶斯优化是一种基于贝叶斯统计理论的自动化调参方法，它通过建立模型来估计参数与性能之间的不确定关系，并使用概率推理来指导搜索过程。

相比于网格搜索和随机搜索，贝叶斯优化具有更高的搜索效率和更好的结果。

4. 遗传算法遗传算法是一种模拟自然界进化过程的自动化调参方法。

它通过遗传、变异和选择等操作来生成新的参数组合，并根据性能评估指标来筛选和改进参数。

遗传算法能够快速搜索参数空间并找到全局最优解，但在高维空间中效果较差。

三、深度学习模型的自动化调参方法1. 基于模型的优化基于模型的优化方法将深度学习模型看作一个黑盒函数，并使用优化算法来直接调整模型参数。

常用的优化算法包括梯度下降法、Adam算法和牛顿法等。

这些方法通过迭代更新参数来最小化损失函数，从而优化模型性能。

2. 基于强化学习的优化基于强化学习的优化方法将调参问题看作一个与环境进行交互的决策过程，通过建立一个智能体来学习最优的参数选择策略。

基于重症支气管哮喘差异表达基因及其治疗中药筛选的生物信息学分析

第 50 卷第 2 期2024年 3 月吉林大学学报（医学版）Journal of Jilin University（Medicine Edition）Vol.50 No.2Mar.2024DOI：10.13481/j.1671‐587X.20240214基于重症支气管哮喘差异表达基因及其治疗中药筛选的生物信息学分析陈丽平1,2, 韩立1, 卞华1, 庞立业1（1. 南阳理工学院河南省张仲景方药与免疫调节重点实验室，河南南阳473004；2. 河南中医药大学呼吸疾病中医药防治省部共建协同创新中心，河南郑州450046）［摘要］目的目的：通过生物信息学方法探讨重症支气管哮喘［简称重症哮喘（SA）］的差异表达基因，分析其作用机制，并筛选潜在具有治疗作用的中药及活性成分。

方法：在高通量基因表达（GEO）数据库中选取GSE136587和GSE158752数据集，利用R软件对数据集进行差异分析获得差异表达基因，并进行蛋白-蛋白相互作用（PPI）网络分析，筛选核心基因，寻找关键通路和枢纽基因。

最后将核心基因提交至Coremine数据库筛选具有潜在治疗作用的中药，并通过《中华医典》检索相关中药方剂。

结果结果：共筛选出466个差异表达基因。

通过STRING平台构建PPI网络共筛选包括25 kDa 突触关联蛋白（SNAP25）、谷氨酸离子型受体2（GRIA2）、轴突蛋白1（NRXN1）、钾电压门控通道亚家族A成员1（KCNA1）、突触囊泡蛋白 1（SYT1）和嗜铬蛋白A（CHGA）等核心靶点25个。

基因本体（GO）功能富集显示SA的生物学过程与细胞趋化性和白细胞迁移等有重要关系，京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集的通路主要涉及骨髓白细胞迁移、白细胞趋化性、细胞趋化性、白细胞迁移、对外部刺激反应的正向调节和骨髓白细胞活化等信号通路。

采用网络药理学方法基于核心靶点筛选得到具有潜在治疗SA作用的中药367种，其中人参、水牛角、全蝎和黄芪等中药涉及多个核心靶点，与SA具有高度相关性，在《中华医典》中检索具有高度相关性的中药，共得到17个潜在具有治疗效果的中药方剂。

药剂专业英语词汇

AAsepticmanipulation无菌操作Absolutebioavailability绝对生物利用度Autoclave高压灭菌器Absorption吸收Autoxidation自动氧化Acacia阿拉伯胶Azone氮酮Acceleratedstability加速稳定性实验BAccumulationfactor蓄积因子Bentonite硅皂土Additive附加剂Binder粘合剂Adjuvant辅料Bioadhesivetablets生物粘附片Administration给药，用法Biocompatibility生物相容性Aerosil微粉硅胶Bioequivalence生物等效性Aerosol气雾剂Biologichalf-life生物半衰期Agar琼胶Biotransformation生物转化Aggregation聚集Buccaltablets口含片Albumin白蛋白Buccaladministration颊给药Alginate(alginateacid)海藻酸盐（海藻酸）Bulkdensity堆密度Amorphousform无定型CAmphiphilic两亲性的Capacity—limitedandnonlinearprocess Angleofrepose休止角能力有限和非线性过程Angleoffriction摩擦角Capillaryaction毛细管作用Ampoule安瓿Capping顶裂Anionexchangeresin阴离子交换树脂Carboxypolymethylene聚羧乙烯Antiseptics防腐剂；消毒剂Capsul胶囊Antioxidant抗氧化剂Carnaubawax巴西棕榈蜡Apparentfirst-orderabsorption(elimination)Carbopol卡波普表观一级吸收（消除）Carrier-mediatedtransfersystem载体转Apparentvolumeofdistribution表观分布运系统容积Cationexchangeresin阳离子交换树脂Rateconstant速度，速率Celluloseacetatephthalate(CAP)邻苯二Aromaticwaters芳香水剂甲酸醋酸纤维素1Cetylalcohol鲸蜡醇Crospovidone交联聚维酮Chelatingagent螯合剂Cyclodextrininclusioncompound环糊精Chewabletablets咀嚼片包合物Chipping裂片DChitin壳聚糖Decoction煎煮法,汤剂Chitosan脱乙酰壳聚糖Deflocculatingagent反絮凝剂Chronopharmacokinetics时辰药物动力Delayedrelease延缓释放学Dextrin糊精Clarity(test)澄明度（检查）Die模圈，冲磨Cloudpoint浊点Differentialscanningcalorimetry(DSC)差Co-solvency潜溶示扫描量热法Coagulation聚沉Differentialthermalanalysis(DTA)差示热Coating包衣分析法Cocoabutter可可豆脂Diffusioncoefficient扩散系数Cohesiveness粘着性Diluents稀释剂Colloidmill胶体磨Dimethylacetamide(DMA)二甲基乙酰胺Comminution粉碎Dimethylformamide(DMF)二甲基乙酰Complescoacervationmethod复凝聚法胺Contentuniformitytest含量均匀试验Dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)二甲基亚砜Controlledreleasepreparation控释制剂Disinfectant消毒剂，灭菌剂Coprecipitate共沉淀物Disintegrant崩解剂Coultercounter库氏计数器Dispersibletablets分散片Cracking松片Displacementvalue置换价Creaming乳析Dissolution溶出Creatinineclearance肌酐清除率Distribution分布Criticalmicelleconcentration(cmc)临界胶Dosageform剂型束浓度Dosageregimen给药方案Croscarmellosesodium(ccna)交联羧甲基Dosinginterval给药间隔纤维素钠Drugcompatibility药物配伍2Drugdeliverysystem药物传递系统Fast禁食Drugdisposition药物处置Feedshoe饲粉靴Duration作用持续性Fillers填充剂Dustibility松散性Filmcoatedtablets薄膜衣片EFiltercandle(disk)滤棒Effervescenttablets泡腾片Firstpasseffect首过效应Elimination消除Flavoringagent矫味剂Elixirs酏剂Flocculant絮凝剂Emulsions乳剂Fluctuation波动性Emulsification乳化作用Fluidbedcoating(granulation)流化床包衣Encapsulationcoefficency包封率制粒Endocytosis内吞作用Fluidenergymill流能磨Enemas灌肠剂Fluidextracts流浸膏剂Entericcoatedtablets肠衣片Fluidmosaicmodel液体相嵌模型Enterohepaticcycle肝肠循环Foodanddrugadiministration(FDA)食品Equivalentdiameter等价径，当量直径药品管理局Drodiblematrix溶蚀型骨架Fomulation处方Ethylene-vinylacetatecopolymer（EVAC）Friability脆碎度乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物Fusion融合作用Ethylcellulose（EC）乙基纤维素GEudragit丙烯酸树脂Gargles漱口剂Eutecticmixture低共熔混合物Gelatin明胶Excipient赋形剂，辅料Gelatinglycerin甘油明胶Extendedrelease持续释放Gildants助流剂Extractpreparation浸出制剂Glomerularfiltration肾小球滤过Extracts浸膏剂Glycerite甘油剂Extravascularadministration血管外给药Glycerylmonostearate单硬脂酸甘油酯FGlycoprotein蛋白糖Facilitateddiffusion促进扩散Goodmanufacturingpractice(GMP)药品生3产质量管理规范Infusion浸渍，浸剂，输注Granuledensity粒密度Inhalationaerosols吸入气雾剂Greasingbases油脂性基质Injection注射剂Guestmolecule客分子Instantraneousrate瞬时速率HInterfacialpolymerization界面缩聚法Healthyvolunteer健康受试者Intrauterinedevice(IUD)宫内给药嚣High-efficiencyparticleairfilter高效空气Intravaginalring(IVR)阴道环过滤嚣Intravenousinfusion静脉滴注Horizontallaminarflow水平层流Inulin菊粉Hopper加料斗Iontophoresis离子等渗Hostmolecule主分子Irrigations灌洗剂Hydrocarbonbase烃类基质Iso-osmoticsolution等渗溶液Hydrogelmatrix水凝胶骨架Isotonicsolution等张溶液Hydrogenatedvegetableoil氢化植物油Isotonicity等张性Hydrophile-lipophilebalance(HLB)亲水亲J油平衡值TheParmacopoeiaofjapan日本药局方Hydrophilicmetrix亲水性骨架KHydroscopicity吸湿性Kidneyfunction肾功能Hydrotropicagent助溶剂Kineticsparameter动力学参数Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose(HPMC)羟L丙基甲基纤维素L-hydroxypropylcellulose(L-HPC)低取代Hydroxypropylstarch羟丙基淀粉羟丙基纤维素ILactose乳糖Implant植入剂Lagtime时滞Invitro体外Lake色淀Invivo体内Laminarflowcleanbench层流洁净工作台Inclusioncompound包合物Lamination层裂Imcompatibility配合物Leaktest(testing)漏气试验Imdustrialpharmacy工业药剂学Lecithin(e)卵磷脂4Linuistest鲎试验Microporousmembrane微孔膜Liniment涂抹油，擦剂Microvilli微绒毛Liposome脂质体Migration迁移Loadingdose负荷剂量Minimuneffectiveconcentration(level)最小Lotion洗剂有效浓度Lubricants润滑剂Minimuntoxicconcentration最小中毒浓度Lyophilic亲液的Mixer混合机Lyophilization冷冻干燥Mixtures合剂Lyophobic疏液的Moisteningagent润湿剂MMonoclonalantibody单克隆抗体Maceration浸渍Mottling色斑Macromolecularsolution高分子溶液Mucilages胶浆剂Macrovesicleliposome大多孔脂质体Multilamellar,multiplecompartment Magneticmicrospheres磁性微球liposome多室脂质体Maintenancedose维持剂量Multiplecompartmentmodel多室脂质体Matrixtablets骨架片Multipledosing多剂量给药Meanresidencetime(MRT)平均滞留时间Multipleemulsion复合型乳剂Medicinalliquor洒剂NMembraneevaporator薄膜浓缩器Nanocapsule毫微胶囊Metastable亚稳的Nanoparticles毫微粒Methylcellulose(MC)甲基纤维素Nanospheres毫微球Micelle胶团Narisdrops滴鼻剂Michaelis-mentenkineticsMM动力学Nasaladministration鼻腔给药Microcapsules微囊Nonlinearpharmacokinetics非线性药物动Microspheres微球力学Microcrystallinecellulose微晶纤维素Nationalformulary美国药局方Microemulsion微乳Nipagin(parabens)尼泊金Microencapsulation微型包囊技术OMicronise微粉化Ointment软膏剂5Oleaginousbase油性基质Pill丸剂Onecompartmentmodel单室模型Plaster硬膏剂Onset起效时间Plasticflow塑性流动Ophthalmicpreparation眼用制剂plasticizer增塑剂Optimizationtechnique优化技术Plateauconcentration(level)坪浓度Oraladministration口服给药PluronicF-68普朗尼克F-68Oralosmoticpump口服渗透泵Polishing,smoothing打光PPoloxamer泊洛沙姆Paraffin石蜡Polyacrylamide聚丙烯酰胺Partitioncoefficient分配系数Polyacrylicacid聚丙烯酸Passivediffusion被动扩散Polyethyleneglycols(PEC)聚乳酸Passivetargetpreparation被动靶向制剂Polymerization聚合Pastes糊剂Polymorphism多晶型Peeling剥落Polymethylmethacrylate聚甲基丙烯酸甲Pellet小丸酯Penetrationenhancer穿透促进剂Polyvinylalcohol(PVA)聚乙烯醇Percolation渗漉Polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)(povidone)聚维Percutaneousadministration经皮给药酮Permeabilitycoefficient穿透系数Porosity孔隙率PerogolO平平加OPowders散剂PH-partitiontheoryPH-分配学说Preformulation处方前工作Pharmaceutics药剂学Preagelatinizedstarch预胶化淀粉Pharmacokinetics药物动力学Prescription处方Pharmacopoeia药典Preservative防腐的Pharmacy药学Prodrug前体药物Phaseseparation-coacervation相分享凝Propellants抛射剂聚法Pseudoplasticflow伪一级反应Phasetransitiontemperature相变温度PulsedandregulateddrugdeliversystemPicking粘连伪塑性流动6Pulverization脉冲式和自调式释药系统Sonicationdispersionmethod超声分散法Punch粉碎Spans司盘类Pyrogen冲头Specificacid-basecatalysis特殊酸碱催化RSpecification规格，说明书Ratemethod冲率法Spermacetewax鲸蜡Rate-limitingstep限速步骤Spirits醑剂Rectaldosageform直肠给药剂型Spray喷雾剂Relativebioavailability相对生物利用度Stability稳定性Residualsmethod殘数法Starch淀粉Rheology流动学Statisticalmoment统计矩SSteady-state稳态Sedimentation沉降Stearylalcohol十八醇Semipermeablemembrane半透膜Sterilization灭菌Shellac虫胶Sterilizer消毒器Sieve筛（子），筛（分）Sticking粘冲Sigma-minusmethod总量减去法Sublingualtablet舌下片Silicone硅酮Sugarcoatedtablet糖衣片Simplecoacervationmethod单凝聚法Superdisintegrants超级崩解剂Single-punchpress单冲压片机Suppositories栓剂Sinteredglassfilter垂熔玻璃滤品Surfactant表面活性剂SodiumcarboxylmethylcelluloseSuspendingagent助悬剂(CMC-Na)羧甲基纤维素钠Suspensions混悬剂Sodiumcarboxylmethylstarch(CMS-Na)Sustainedreleasepreparation缓释制剂羧甲基淀粉纳Sweetingagent甜味剂Sodiumlaurylsulfate十二烷基硫酸钠Syrups糖浆剂Soliddispersion固体分散体Systemicclearance总清除率Solidification固化TSolubilization增溶作用Tablets片剂Solvate溶剂化物Talc滑石粉7WORD格式Targeteddrugdeliverysystem(TDDS)靶向Untrafiltration超滤给药系统Unilamellar,singlecompartmentliposomeTerylene涤纶薄膜单室脂质体TheareaundertheplasmaUrinaryexcretion尿排泄concentration-timecurve血浓时间曲线下Thepharmacopeiaofunitedstates(usp)美面积国药典Theextrapharmacopoeia药学大全VTheinternationalpharmacopoeia国际药典Vaseline(e)凡士林Themembraneofepithelialcell上皮细胞Verticallaminarflow垂直层流膜WTherateofgastricemptying胃排空速率Waterforinjection注射用水Theobromeoil可可豆油Wettability可湿性Therapeuticconcentrationrange治疗浓度Wettingagent润湿剂范围ZTherapeuticequivalence治疗等效性Zein玉米朊Thixotropy触变性Timecourse经时过程Tincture酊剂Tragacanth西黄芪胶Transdermaltherapeuticsystem(TTS)透皮治疗系统Transport转运Trapezoidalrule梯形法则Truedensity真密度Tubularreabsorption肾小管重吸收Tubularsecretion肾小管分泌Tweens吐温类U8专业资料整理。

宝马后备人才项目建议书

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2
0.0
13 承受压力
3.0
1
0.0
总分
81.0
0.0
五、售后经理胜任力模型与影响因素矩阵
二、后备人才选拔流程建议
知识、技能与经验要求
智能水平测试
15FQ+人格测评
半结构化面试
确定候选人
三、工作业绩与胜任力和心理素质的关系图示
工作业绩
岗位工作任务
任务1
任务2
任务3
任务4
岗位胜任力
行为组1
行为组2
行为组3
行为组4
行为组5
专业技术
知识知识经验
Skills技能技能
潜力与人格匹配
言语抽象
过往售后经理职位数据分析
剔除掉部分重复的数据后，对2010-2011两年间参加BMW售后经理测评项目的候选人进行了φ相关分析：
1.共计234人
2.选用效标：在美世BMW测评中心里的录用/不录用情况其中录用115人，不录用119人
3.结果概述：（1）共4个因素（B因素、C因素、F因素和Q1因素）出现了显著差异（2）共4个因素（E因素、L因素、O因素和Q2因素）出现了微弱差异（3）其他因素未表现出明显差异

面向电力物联网的智慧供应链自适应运营决策技术及优化算法模型应用研究

Modern Management 现代管理, 2020, 10(6), 1037-1043Published Online December 2020 in Hans. /journal/mmhttps:///10.12677/mm.2020.106125面向电力物联网的智慧供应链自适应运营决策技术及优化算法模型应用研究胡永焕1，陈之浩1，洪芳华2，倪小舟2，陆亭华2，董凤娜2，刘芮彤21国网上海市电力公司，上海2上海久隆企业管理咨询有限公司，上海收稿日期：2020年12月2日；录用日期：2020年12月22日；发布日期：2020年12月29日摘要从电网物资供应链管理现状来看，其工程类型和物资类型繁多，物资需求呈现纷繁复杂的特点。

同时，电网供应链全链条的“数字化”覆盖性不足、精准性有待提高、业务内外部数据交互不足、缺乏策略上的融合协同、全过程数据高阶分析应用基础薄弱。

针对以上问题，本文结合人工智能，通过对电网物资供应不同需求和供应条件的感知，根据一定的规则计算并启动相应的管理机制，实现对问题的及时响应和跟踪解决。

通过具有自适应特点的机制将各类要素整合起来，构建物力集约化全环节管理策略集合和动态匹配库。

通过研究形成基于大数据和人工智能等技术下的智慧供应链自适应运营模式落地实施方案，打造供应链采购供应策略整体自适应的运营模式，构建电力物资供应链的良性管理体系。

关键词供应链系统复杂性，优化算法，自适应模式Research on Application of AdaptiveOperation Decision Technology and Optimal Algorithm Model of Smart Supply Chain forPower Internet of ThingsYonghuan Hu1, Zhihao Chen1, Fanghua Hong2, Xiaozhou Ni2, Tinghua Lu2, Fengna Dong2, Ruitong Liu21State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Company, Shanghai2Shanghai Jiulong Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd., Shanghai胡永焕等Received: Dec. 2nd , 2020; accepted: Dec. 22nd , 2020; published: Dec. 29th , 2020Abstract From the current situation of power grid material supply chain management, there are various types of projects and material types and material requirements are complicated. At the same time, the “digital” coverage of the whole chain of the power grid supply chain is insufficient, the accura-cy needs to be improved, the internal and external data interaction of the business is insufficient, and the foundation for high-level analysis of the whole process data is weak. In response to the above problems, this article combines artificial intelligence through the perception of the differ-ent needs and supply conditions of the power grid material supply, calculates and activates the corresponding management mechanism according to certain rule and realizes the timely response and tracking of the problem. Through the mechanism with self-adaptive characteristics, various elements are integrated to build a collection of material resources intensive management strate-gies and a dynamic matching library through research and formation of implementation plans for smart supply chain adaptive operation models based on technologies such as big data and artifi-cial intelligence, to create an overall adaptive operation model for supply chain procurement and supply strategies, and build a benign management system for the power supply chain. KeywordsSupply Chain System Complexity, Optimization Algorithm, Adaptive ModeCopyright © 2020 by author(s) and Hans Publishers Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). /licenses/by/4.0/1. 引言在当今瞬息万变的世界中，如果将人工智能技术运用到供应链中，其竞争优势就会大幅提升。

基于S变换的机场跑道不平整识别方法

最小，也可能还未达到极限状态。破坏区域也在一定程度上反映了不同开口形式的管桩的影响范围。４结束语
本文应用颗粒流理论模拟和分析了不同开Ｕ形式管桩的沉桩过程、桩基承载力、加固区域特征和破坏前后土体中应力变化规律，研究成果对进一步明确沉桩挤土效应和土体破坏的内在机理都具有意义。
中【２］，规定 “道面平整度评价一般采用国际平整度指数（ＩＲＩ）
Ｈｏｕｂｏｌｔ等研究了基于波长的最大振幅的控制标准，
作为指标 ”。凌建明ｐ通过建立飞机的动力学模型及Ｃｈｅｎ等其中对于可接受区上限的控制标准１（ｍｍ）为：
［关键词］变换；机场跑道；不平整识别
［中图分类号］ＴＰ３９１．４１
［文献标志码］Ａ
［文章编号］ｌｏ０１—５２３Ｘ（２０１８）０９—０００５—０３
ＵｎｅｖｅｎｎｅｓｓＩｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎＭｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒＡｉｒｐｏｒｔＲｕｎｗａｙｂａｓｅｄｏｎＳＴｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍ
［摘要］针对目前我国机场道面平整度评价方法不能有效识别机场跑道的不平整问题，提出了一种基于变换的机场跑道
不平整识别方法。阐述了变换方法的原理，并基于飞机敏感波长与质量的关系，推导了跑道不同位置处最大振幅控制标准。

SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION_16_9

F(t/h)
Equal Increment Criteria in Plants
Sup p ose n generators in a p ower p lant with PD ,
Increment b

b
Fuel cost curve
0 b1
b tg lim
P 0
F dF P dP
EPSA
2014/4/9
SYSTEM OPTIMIZATION
1. WHAT IS OPTIMAZATION? 2. ECONOMIC DISPATCHING 3. OPTIMAL POWER FLOW 4. OPTIMAL CONTROL OF EPS
1. WHAT IS OPTIMIZATION ?
minimum operating cost minimum power loss of transmission system minimum deviation to setted operation point minimum number of control variables minimum environmemt pollution
i 1 M i 1 M
3. OPTIMAL POWER FLOW
3.1 Optimal Power Flow
OPF：EDC+Security Constraints+Other Programming
Nonlinear Programming OPF Linear Programming OPF
is Lagrange multip lier, a constant
4/9/2014
BJTU
3
EPSA

Introduction to Optimization

我国运筹学的研究始于五十年代中期，当时由钱学森教授将运筹学从西方国家引入我国，以华罗庚教授为首的一大批科学家在有关企事业单位积极推广和普及运筹学方法，在
建筑，纺织，交通运输，水利建设和邮电等行业都有不少应
用。关于邮递员投递的最佳路线问题就是由我国年轻的数学
家管梅谷于1962年首先提出的，在国际上统称为中国邮递员
4. 课程目标
了解现代优化方法及其数学原理. 掌握主要的优化模型的数学计算方法. 熟练掌握应用数学软件计算优化问题.
5. 参考书目
(1) 何坚勇,《最优化方法》, 清华大学出版社， 2007
(2)陈宝林,《最优化理论与算法》 (第2版), 清华大学出版社, 2005 (3) 朱德通,《最优化模型与实验》, 同济大学出版社, 2003 (4) David G. Luenberger, Yinyu Ye ,《Linear and Nonlinear Programming》 (3rd Edition), Springer ,2008
问题。我国运筹学的理论和应用研究在较短时间内赶上了世界水平。
2. 课程基本内容：
• • • • • •
线性规划整数规划无约束最优化方法约束最优化方法多目标规划动态规划
3. 基础要求
学习过《高等数学》、《线性代数》等课程
学习过一门程序设计语言（有一定编程基础更好，有助
于理解和掌握最优化算法）.
的最佳方案，为决策者提供科学决策的依据。
数学规划又包括线性规划，整数规划，非线性规划，目标规划和动态规划等，是运筹学的主要内容.
运筹学这一名词最早出现于1938年。当时英，美等国盟军在与德国的战争中遇到了许多错综复杂的战略和战术问题难以解决，比如 (１)防空雷达的布置问题：

Optimization Algorithms

Optimization AlgorithmsOptimization algorithms are a vital tool in the field of computer science and engineering, helping to solve complex problems and improve efficiency in a wide range of applications. These algorithms work by iteratively searching for the optimal solution to a problem, using mathematical models and algorithms to guide the search process. In this article, we will explore the basics of optimization algorithms, their applications, and the challenges involved in their implementation. One of the most common uses of optimization algorithms is in the field of machine learning, where they are used to train models and improve their accuracy. These algorithms can be used to optimize a wide range of parameters, from the weights and biases in a neural network to the hyperparameters of a support vector machine. By iteratively adjusting these parameters, optimization algorithms can help machine learning models to converge on the optimal solution to a problem, improving their accuracy and performance. Optimization algorithms are also widely used in the field of operations research, where they are used to solve complex optimization problems in areas such as logistics, supply chain management, and scheduling. These algorithms can help to optimize a wide range of variables, from the allocation of resources to the scheduling of tasks, helping to improve efficiency and reduce costs in a variety of industries. Despite their many benefits, optimization algorithms can be challenging to implement and optimize. One of the biggest challenges is finding the optimal solution to a problem, which can be difficult in cases where the search space is large or complex. In addition, optimization algorithms can be computationally expensive, requiring significant computational resources to run efficiently. To overcome these challenges, researchers are continually developing new optimization algorithms and techniques. One promising area of research is the use of metaheuristics, which are algorithms that can adapt to changing search spaces and optimize solutions more efficiently. Another promising area of research is the use of machine learning to optimize optimization algorithms, allowing them to learn from past experiences and improve their performance over time. In conclusion, optimization algorithms are a powerful tool in the field of computer science and engineering, helping to solve complex problems and improve efficiency in a wide range of applications. Whilethere are many challenges involved in their implementation, ongoing research and development are helping to overcome these challenges and improve the performance of optimization algorithms. As the field continues to evolve, we can expect to see even more innovative applications of optimization algorithms in the years to come.。

工程项目管理专用词汇英汉对照

工程项目管理常用词汇英汉对照“戴明环”Plan - Do - Check - Action, PDCA“交钥匙”承包Turn - key Contract“三时”估计法Three - Time - EstimateS曲线S - Curve按费用设计Design - to - Cost保留金Retention Money保险Insurance保证金Retainage报表Statement报告关系Reporting Relationship报价邀请Requestfor Quotation, RFQ变更指令Variation Order, Change Order标前会议Pre - Bid Meeting补充资料表Schedule of Supplementary lnformation 不可接受风险Unacceptable Risk不可抗力Force Majeure不可预见Unforeseeable不平等条款Unequal Term平衡报价法Unbalanced Bids材料Materials材料费Material Cost财产风险Probable Risk留风险Residual Risk层次分析法Analytic Hierarchy Process产品Product超前Lead成本预算Cost Budgeting承包方Contractor承包商代表Contractor's Representative承包商人员Contractor's Personnel承包商设备Contracto’s Equipment承包商文件Contractor's Documents承发包方式Contract Approach承诺Acceptance诚实信用原则In Good Faith触发器Triggers纯粹风险Pare Risk次关键路线Near - Critical Path大型项目Program代理型CM, 非代理型CM CM／Agency, CM／Non Agency 单代号搭接网络图Multi - Dependency Network单代号网络图Activity - on - Network, AON单价合同Unit Price Contract单时估计法Single - Time - Estimate担保Guarantee当地货币Local Currency当事方(一方) Party到岸价格Cost lnsurance and Freight, CIF 道义索赔Ex - Gratia Claims德尔裴法Delphi调整Updating, Adjustment定额Quota动员预付款Pre - Payment二次风险Secondary Risk法律Laws反义居先原则Contra Preferential返工Rework方差Variance非工作时间Idle Time费用计划Cost Planning费用索赔Claims for Lossand Expense分包商Sub - Contractor分项工程Section分支网络Fragnet风险Risk风险定量分析Quantitative Risk Analysis风险定性分析Qualitative Risk Analysis风险规避Risk Avoidance风险监控Risk Monitoring and Control风险减轻Risk Mitigation风险接受Risk Acceptance风险类别Risk Category风险评审技术Venture Evaluation and Review Technique, VERT 风险识别Risk Identification风险应对Risk期Response风险转移Risk Transference付款证书Payment Certificate概率与影响矩阵Probability and Impact Matrix赶工Crashing个人间的联系Interpersonal Interfaces工程变更Variation, Change工程量表Bill of Quantities工程师The Engineer, Consultant工程现场勘测Site Visit工程项目采购Proiect Procurement工程项目分解Project Decomposition工程项目沟通管理Project Communication Management工程项目简介Project Brief工程项目建设模式Proiect Construction Approach工程项目决策Decision to Project工程项目人力资源管理Project Human Resource Management工程项目审计Project Audit工程项目收尾阶段Project Closure工程项目投产准备Preparation for Proiect Operation工程项目团队Project Team工程项目质量Projectoualitv工程项目质量控制Proiect Quality Control工程项目组织方式Project Organization Approach工期Proiect Duration工期压缩Duration Compression工艺关系Process Relation工作规范Specification of Work工作说明Statement of Work, SOW公开招标Open Tenderine／Public Invitation沟通Communications购买—建设—经营Buy - Build - Operate, BBO顾客Customer雇主Employer雇主人员Employer's Personnel雇主设备Employer's Equipment关键活动Critical Activity关键路线Critical Path关键线路法Critical Path Method, CPM国际标准化组织International Standard Organization, ISO国际项目管理协会International Project Management Association, IPMA 国际咨询工程师联合会 Federation Internationate Des Ingenieurs-Conseils, FIDIC 国家私人合作模式Public - Private Partnership, PPP合同Contract合同工期Duration of Contract合同管理Contract Administration合同价格Contract Price合同内索赔Contractual Claims合同条件Conditions of Contract合同外索赔Non - Contractual Claims合同协议书Contract Agreement合资公司Joint Enterprise横道图Gantt Charts环境管理体系Environmental Management System, EMS环境绩效Environmental Performance环境指标Environmental Target回路Logical Loop混合型合同Mixed Contract活动持续时间估计Activity Duration Estimation活动范围Scope活动逻辑关系Activity Logical Relations活动描述Activity Description, AD活动排序Activity Sequencing活动清单Activity List伙伴模式Partnering货物采购Goods Procurement基准计划Baseline基准日期Base Date绩效评估与激励Performance Appraisaland Reward计划工期Planned Project Duration计划评审技术Program Evaluation Review Technique, PERT 计日工作计划Daywork Schedule计算工期Calculated Project Duration技术规范Technical Specifications技术联系Technical Interfaces价值工程Value Engineering, VE间接费Indirect Cost监理工程师The Engineer, Supervision Engineer监视Monitoring检查表Checklist建设工期Durationof Project Construction建设—经营—拥有—转让Build - Operate - Own - Transfer, BOOT建设—经营—转让Build - Operate - Transfer, BOT建设实施Construction建设—拥有—经营Build - Own - Operate, BOO建设—转让—运营Build - Transfer - Operate, BTO建设准备Construction Preparation建议书邀请Request for Proposal, RFP建筑师Architect接收证书Taking - Over Certificate节点Node节点编号Node Number结束到结束Finishto Finish, FTF结束到开始Finishto Start, FTS截止日期As - of Date紧后活动Back Closely Activity 紧前活动Front Closely Activity 进度报告Progress Reports进度偏差Schedule Variance, SV 纠正措施Corrective Action矩阵型组织结构Matrix Organization决策树分析Decision Tree Analysis 决策网络计划法Decision Network, DN 竣工时间Time for Completion 竣工试验Tests on Completion竣工验收Project Acceptance开工日期Commencement Date 开始到结束Start to Finish, STF开始到开始Start to Start, STS可交付成果Deliverable可接受风险Acceptable Risk可原谅的延误Excusable Delay控制Control控制图Control Charts快速路径法Fast Track类比估计Analogous Estimating 离岸价格Free on Board, FOB里程碑Milestone历史数据Historical Results利润Profit例外计划报告Exception Report联合集团Consortium联营体Joint Venture临时工程Temporm. Works流程图Flow Diagram路径会聚Path Convergence履约保函Performance Guarantee 履约保证Performance Security 履约证书Performance Certificate卖方Seller蒙特卡罗分析Monte Carlo Analysis敏感性分析Sensitive Analysis模糊数学法Fuzzy Set拟完工程计划费用Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled, BCWS 逆推法Backward Pass欧洲发展基金会European Development Fund, EDF排列图, 巴雷托图Pareto Diagrams偏差变量Cost Variance, CV评标Bid Evaluation期望值Expectation期中付款证书Interim Payment Certificate启动Initiation起始节点Start Node潜在的损失值Risk Event Value曲线法, 赢得值法Earned Value全面质量控制Total Quality Control, TQC权变措施Workoround缺陷通知期限Defects Notification Period确凿证据优先Prima Facie人工费Labor Cost人工量Effort人力资源Human Resource人身风险Life Risk人为风险Personal Risk人员配备要求Staffing Requirements任务Task上控制线Upper Control Limit, UCL设计方Designer设计一建造方式Design - Build, DB设计图纸Drawings生产设备Plant生命周期成本计算Life - circle Costing剩余工期Remaining Duration施工合同Construction Contract施工合同分包Subcontract施工合同转让Assignment施工机械使用费Expensesof Using Construction Machinery施工进度计划Construction Schedule施工组织设计Construction Planning时距Time Difference实际成本Actual Cost实际成本加百分比合同Cost Plus Percentage - of - Cost Contract实际成本加固定费用合同Cost Plus Fixed - Fee (CPFF) Contract实际成本加奖金合同Cost Plus Incentive - Fee (CPIF) Contract实际开始日期Actual Start Date, AS实际完成日期Actual Finish Date, AF世界银行The World Bank事件Event受资源约束的进度计划 Resource - Limited Schedule授予合同Award of Contract书面文字优先原则Written Word Prevail数据日期Data Date双代号时标网络法Time - Coordinate Network, Time Scale Network 双代号网络图Activity - on - Arrow Network, AOA税金Tax私人主动融资Project Finance Initiative, PFI松弛时间Slack索赔Claims条形图Bar Chart通货膨胀Currency Inflation统计和概率法Statistics投标Bidding投标保证Bid Security投标报价Bid Price投标函Letter of Tender投标决策Decision to Bid投标人Bidder投标人须知Instruction to Bidders投标书Tender投标书附录Appendix to Tender投标文件的递送Submission of Bids投标邀请书Initiation to Bids投标有效期Bid Validity投机风险Speculative Risk投资方Investor投资估算Cost Estimating投资回报期Investment Recovery Period图示评审技术Graphical Evaluation Review Technique, GERT 团队成员Team Member退却计划Fallback Plan外币Foreign Currency完成百分比Percent Complete (PC)完工估算Estimate at Completion, EAC完工尚需估算Estimate to Complete, ETC完工预算Budget at Completion, BAC五条件Unconditional, no Demand无限竞争性招标Unlimited Competitive Tendering下控制线Lower Control Limit, LCL现场Site线路Path限定性估算Definitive Estimate项目Project项目报告Project Report, PR项目档案Project Files项目的执行与监督Project Executionand Supervision项目定义Project Defining项目风险Project Risk项目干系人Stakeholder项目管理班子Project Management Team项目管理班子的偏好Preferences of the Project Management Team 项目管理承包型Project Management Contract, PMC项目管理模式Project Management Approach项目管理软件Project Management Software项目管理协会Project Management Institute, PMI项目管理知识体系Project Management Body of Knowledge, PMBOK 项目管理咨询型Project Management, PM项目后评价Project Post - evaluation项目计划Project Planning项目结构分解Project Breakdown Structure项目结束project Closing项目界面, 项目内在联系Project Interfaces项目进度计划Project Schedule项目经理, 项目负责人Project Manager项目可行性研究Project Feasibility Study项目控制Project Controlling项目评估Project Appraisal项目设计Project Design项目谈判project Negotiation项目型组织Projectized Organization项目选定Project Identification项目业主Owner项目预评估Project Pre - Appraisal项目章程Project Charter项目执行Project Executing项目周期Project Cycle项目准备Project Preparation项目综合管Project Integration Management信息技术Information Technology, IT虚活动Dummy Activity询价Solicitation亚洲开发银行Asian Development Bank, ADB延长工期索赔Claims for Extensionof Time, Claims for EOT邀请招标SelectiveTenderin6／InvitedBidding要约Offer已完工程计划费用Budgeted Costof Work Performed, BCWP已完工程实际费用Actual Cost of Work Performed, ACWP 因果分析图Cause - and - Effect Diagram银行保函Bank Guarantee应急储备Contingency Reserve应急费Contingency Allowance英国土木工程师学会Institute of Civil Engineer, ICE营运Operation影响图Influence Diagram永久工程Permanent works优化Optimization有条件Conditional有限竞争性招标Limited Competitive Tendering预可行性研究Pre - Feasibility Study运费在内价Cost and Freight, CFR暂定金Provisional Sum责任风险Liability Risk招标Bid Invitation／Tendering招标人拒绝投标书的权利Right to Reiiect Any or All Bids招标准备Tendering Preparation争端裁决委员会Dispute Adiudication Board, DAB 正推法Forward Pass直方图Histogram直线型组织结构Line Organization直线一职能型组织结构Line - Functional Organization职能型组织Functional Organization职业健康安全Occupational Healthand Safety, OHS 制约和限制Constraintsand Limitations质量Ouality质量保证Quality Assurance质量成本Cost of Quality质量环Quality Loop滞后Lag中标函Letter of Acceptance中标合同金额Accepted Contract Amount中介人Intermediary中心线Center Limit, CL终止节点End Node重叠Overlap主导语言Ruling Language专家谈判估计Expert Judgement咨询方Consulter资料表Schedules资源计划Resource Planning资源配置Resource Requirements资源平衡Resource Leveling资源效果Resource Capabilities子网络Subnetwork子项目Subpmject自然风险Natural Risk自由时差Free Float, FF总承包商General Contractor总价合同Lump Sum Contract总时差Total Float, TF租赁一建设一经营Lease - Build - Operate, LBO组织关系Organizational Relation组织规划设计Organizational Planning组织机构Organization Structure组织结构分解Organizational Breakdown Structure, OBS 组织联系Organizational Interfaces最悲观时间Most Pessimistic Time最迟结束时间Latest Finish Date, LP最迟开始时间Latest Start Date, I5最可能时间Most Probable Time最乐观时间Most Optimistic Time最早结束时间Earliest Finish Date, EF最早开始时间Earliest Start Date, ES最终报表Final Statement最终付款证书Pinsl Payment Certificate。