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essentials of toxicology1

DEFINITION OF TOXICOLOGY
Toxicology is the study of the adverse effects 1 3 of chemicals2 on living organisms. It is a multidisciplinary 4 subject 5 which comprises many different areas.
METHODS AND TYPES OF TOXICOLOGY STUDIES It is, of course, best to rely on human data that have been generated for the same exposure conditions of interest to assess the potential human hazard of a particular chemical. Unfortunately, such data are rarely available.
Regulatory Toxicology
Regulatory toxicologists also assist in the establishment of standards for the amount of chemicals permitted in ambient air, industrial atmospheres, and drinking water, often integrating scientific information from basic descriptive and mechanistic toxicology studies 1 approaches used for risk 2 with the principles and assessment.

药理1(1)

11. adverse reaction ： an undesirable response to a drug; it may vary in severity from mild to fatal(与用药目的无关作用，称为不良反应）。
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(1) side effect (副作用)：在治疗剂量时产生的与治疗无关的作用或危害不大的不良作用。如Atropine麻醉前给药时对胃肠道平滑肌的抑制作用
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Chapter 1 General pharmacology
• 第一节药物对机体的作用-药效学 Pharmacodynamics
• 第二节机体对药物的作用-药动学 pharmacokinetics
• 第三节影响药物作用的因素及合理用药
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第一节药物对机体的作用— Pharmacodynamics
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2) 矿物质（mineral）：include the electrolytes (sodium chloride), iron, selenium, and others
3) 动物：insects, 4) 微生物发酵产物： Fermentation products
of bacteria and molds, including many antibiotics（抗生素）and anthelmintics （抗蠕虫药）， such as penicillins, ivermectins.
(target delivery) 单抗、磁疗制剂
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（四）兽医药理学的性质和任务
1. Scope of pharmacology. Pharmacology is an experiment science dealing with the properties of drugs and their effects on living systems.

毒理学（第一章）

毒理学（第一章）第一篇：毒理学(第一章)第一章绪论毒理学（toxicology）是研究外源化学物对生物体的损害作用以及两者之间相互作用的科学。

一毒理学发展简史：毒理学的前身是毒物学，中国古代有关毒物学知识的最早记载可见于《周礼》、《山海经》、《尔雅》及《诗经》等古籍中。

在西方，瑞士药理学和毒理学家Paracelusus（1493—1541）对早期毒理学学科的发展作出了杰出的贡献。

他明确提出剂量概念，提出所有物质都是有毒的，只是依剂量不同来区别是药物还是毒物。

同时，他还陈述了一些诸如法医、职业中毒和环境毒理学等的毒理学概念。

西班牙学者Orfila（1787—1853）为近代毒理学的创始人，他通过实验系统观察了化学物与生物体间的关系，并提出了化学分析在鉴定中毒事件中的重要性，为近代法医毒理学奠定了基础。

到20世纪，萌发出现了军事毒理学。

由于分子生物学、生物化学以及放射性同位素技术、化学分析技术等的飞速发展，大大推进了外源化学物遗传毒性、致畸毒性研究方法的发展，丰富了毒理学的内涵，其研究对象则以机体微观世界和生物圈的宏观世界两方面齐头并进。

在宏观方面，开展了环境污染物对人和动物危害的流行病学和生态学调查，阐明了不少病因；在微观方面，在化学毒物损害生物体的机理上揭示了许多本质现象。

到20世纪60年代初，我国已基本形成了一支毒理学专业队伍，它以研究剂量—反应关系为中心，为制定合理的卫生标准提供了依据。

20世纪70年代以来，毒理学的研究主要以化学物的安全评价为重点，从整体的毒理学逐步发展为对各器官系统的研究；从对母代健康影响的观察进展到对子代危害的研究，建立以保障人类安全为目的的新概念，相继出现了遗传毒理学、行为毒理学等边缘分支学科。

外源化学物对人类的危害和对环境的污染已引起了人们的高度重视，现代生物技术已渗透到环境毒理学的各个领域，这促进了环境毒理学的发展。

近20年来，我国动物毒理学的研究主要涉及兽药、药物添加剂及饲料中有毒有害化学物的检测及其安全性毒理学评价和动物性食品中药物残留检测技术的研究，为制定我国兽药及饲料药物添加剂安全性毒理学评价程序、动物食品中兽药最高残留限量、饲料卫生标准及动物组织中兽药残留检测方法等有关法律法规提供了科学依据。

2023年统考版高考英语总复习第一部分教材考点梳理必修五Unit 5 First aid

1.
first aid
急救
2. electric shock
触电；电休克
3. over and over again 反复；多次
4. a number of
若干；许多
5.
take off
脱下；起飞
6.
fall ill
生病
7. squeeze out
榨出；挤出
8.
in place
在适当的位置；适当
9. put one's hands on 找到
温和地
5. swell vi.& vt.(使)膨胀；隆起→ swollen adj.肿胀的 6. tight adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→ tightly adv.紧地；牢牢
地
7. firm adj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→ firmly adv.坚固地；
稳定地 8. treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待；n.款待；招待→__tr_ea_t_m_e_n_t _
n．治疗；疗法；对待；待遇
9. apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用；vi.申请；请求；使用；有
效→ applicant n．申请人→ application n．申请(书) 10. pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)→ press v．挤压；压迫 11. brave adj.勇敢的→ bravery n．勇敢；勇气 12. unbearable adj.难以忍受的；不能容忍的→ bearable adj. 能容
8.Don't press me any longer. These days， I can't fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great pressure on me.(press)

人教版高中英语必修五ppt课件：unit5period1

③
Bendthekneeoftheupperlegagainstthegroundsothatheorshewilln otrollover. Wecancoverthepersonwithablanketorajackettohelphimorhersta ywarm. Weshouldstaywiththepersonandwaitfortheambulance.
Whenwehavegivenfirstaid,weshould putthepersonintherecoveryposition. Thisisawayofplacingabodysothat theairwayisclearanditiseasytobreathe. Hereishowitisdone： 1．Rollthepersonontooneside. 2．Placethearmclosesttothegroundstraightoutfrom thebody.Placethehandoftheperson’supperarmunderhis orherchin.
4．Iftheinjuriesaresecondorthirddegreeburns,itisvital togetthevictimtothedoctororhospitalatonce. [信息提取] itisvitaltodosth做某事很重要。 [例句仿写] 为什么相信自己很重要？ ____W__h_y_i_s_it_v_i_ta_l_to_________________________ ____b_e_l_ie_v_e_y_o_u_r_s_e_lf__inyourself?
Ⅲ.句型搜索 1．Itiswhereyoufeelcold,heatorpainanditgivesyouyour senseoftouch. [信息提取] itis＋where表语从句。 [例句仿写] 去拿你的故事书，它就在我书房里你所放的地方。 Goandgetyourstorybook；_________it_i_sw__h_e_r_e________ ______y_o_u_le_f_t_it____________inmystudy.

drug_abuse (1)

the body the family
the immunity
harm
the security of society
the consciousness the fertility of society
The harm to the body：毒性作用是指用药剂量过大或用药时间过长引起的对身体的一种有害作用，通常伴有机体的功能失调和组织病理变化 The harm to the immunity ：静脉注射毒品给滥用者带来感染性合并症，最常见的有化脓性感染和乙形肝炎，及令人担忧的艾滋病问题。此外，还损害神经系统、免疫系统，易感染各种疾病。 The harm to the consciousness ：吸毒所致最突出的精神障碍是幻觉和思维障碍。他们的行为特点围绕毒品转，甚至为吸毒而丧失人性。
Chen Baiqiang Luo Qi Britney Jean Spears Whitney Houston Macaulay The members of lin dian Sha Baoliang Jia Hongsheng 。。。。。。
Remember:
Don’t try first. You will addict by the drugs both your physiology and psychology.
The harm of taking drugs
Drug is poison.
Drug is a killer.
Drug is a demon.
How is the drugs work?
Where the drug enters people’s body, It affects his\her nervous system. And then it will make a thirst for drug addicts. We can’t bear this pain like in the inferno, so drug addicts will fling caution to the winds to find out the drug, even though robbiast partner to show our research.

禁毒名言警句英文

禁毒名言警句英文1、禁毒，从你我做起。

Drug, from you with me.2、除毒务早，除毒务尽！In addition to poison for early, in addition to poison service!3、防毒反毒，人人有责。

Anti-virus anti-virus, everybody is responsible for.4、远离毒品，义不容辞。

Stay away from drugs, obligatory.5、扫除毒害，利国利民。

Remove poison, reasonably.6、一次吸毒，终生戒毒。

A drug, a lifelong addiction.7、毒品无情，生命可贵。

Drug merciless, cherishing life.8、毒品是人类社会的公害。

Drugs are the hazards of human society.9、禁毒利国、利民、利己。

Drug benefits, relief, self-interest.10、不要让毒品毁了你的未来。

Don't let the drug ruin your future.11、一朝陷毒瘾，一生难自拔。

Once trapped addiction, life difficult to extricate themselves. 12、严厉打击毒品违法犯罪活动。

Drug to crack down on illegal and criminal activities.13、禁绝毒品功在当代利在千秋。

Banning drugs GongZaiDangDai cabinet.14、勿逞一时之快，误美好一生。

Don't just fast, good life.15、开展禁毒斗争，消除毒品祸害。

Anti-drug struggle, eliminate the drug scourge.16、知毒识毒避毒，戒毒禁毒无毒。

2020牛津译林版新教材高一英语必修三unit1单词表

新译林版必修三Unit 11.harm /hɑːm/ n. & vt. 伤害，损害(1)2.soil /sɔɪl/ n. 土壤；国土，领土，土地(1)3.ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n. 生态系统(2)4.overseas /ˌəʊvəˈsiːz/ adj. 海外的，国外的adv. 向（在）海外，向（在）国外(2)5.region /ˈriːdʒən/ n. 地区，区域；行政区(2)6.continent /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ n. 大陆，陆地；洲(2)lion /ˈmɪljən/ n. 一百万；许多，大量(2)8.length /leŋθ/ n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长(2)9.biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ n. 生物多样性(2)10.species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. (pl. species) 种，物种(2)11.nut /nʌt/ n. 坚果(3)12.brazil nut 巴西坚果(3)13.lily /ˈlɪli/ n. 百合（花）(3)14.water lily 睡莲(3)15.variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体(3)16.wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ n. 野生动植物，野生生物(3)17.beneath /bɪˈniːθ/ prep. 在…下面，在…下方；配不上(3)18.mass /mæs/ n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群adj. 大批的，广泛的(3)19.towering /ˈtaʊərɪŋ/ adj. 高大的，高耸的；出色的(3)20.hardwood /ˈhɑːdwʊd/ n. 阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材）(3)21.living /ˈlɪvɪŋ/ adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的n. 生计，谋生；生活方式(3)22.mammal /ˈmæml/ n. 哺乳动物(3)23.jaguar /ˈdʒæɡjuə(r)/ n. 美洲豹，美洲虎(3)24.survive /səˈvaɪv/ vi. 生存，存活vt. 幸存，幸免于难(3)25.frog /frɒɡ/ n. 蛙，青蛙(3)26.in turn 相应地，转而(3)27.insect /ˈɪnsekt/ n. 昆虫(3)28.microorganism /ˌmaɪkrəʊˈɔːgənɪzəm/ n. 微生物(3)29.break down 使分解（为），使变化（成）(3)30.nutrient /ˈnjuːtriənt/ n. 营养素，营养物(3)31.breathe life into 给…带来起色，注入活力(3)32.carbon /ˈkɑːbən/ n. 碳(3)33.oxygen /ˈɒksɪdʒən/ n. 氧，氧气(3)34.thus /ðʌs/ adv. 因此，从而；这样(3)35.disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ vi. 不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪(3)36.due /djuː/ to 由于，因为(3)37.agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 农业，农学(3)38.cattle /ˈkætl/ n. 牛(3)39.impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞/ɪmˈpækt/ vi. & vt. 有影响；冲击(3)40.extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝，绝种(3)41.damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ vt. & n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏42.climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候；倾向，风气(5)43.build up 逐渐增加，扩大(5)44.global /ˈɡləʊbl/ adj. 全球的；全面的(6)45.greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaʊs/ n. 温室，暖房(6)46.gas /ɡæs/ n. 气体；煤气；汽油(6)47.drought /draʊt/ n. 旱灾，久旱(6)e up with 想出，想到(6)49.call for （公开）要求；需要(6)50.application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 应用，运用；申请(6)51.brochure /ˈbrəʊʃə(r)/ n. 小册子(6)anization /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ n. 组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理(7)53.absolutely /ˈæbsəluːtli/ adv. 绝对地，完全地；极其(7)54.belt /belt/ n. 地带，地区；腰带；传送带(7)55.medal /ˈmedl/ n. 奖章，勋章(7)56.image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ n. 形象；图像；意象(8)57.shark /ʃɑːk/ n. 鲨鱼(8)58.spring to mind 突然记起（或想到）(8)59.whale /weɪl/ n. 鲸(8)60.deer /dɪə(r)/ n. (pl. deer) 鹿(8)61.track /træk/ vt. & vi. 跟踪，追踪n. 足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线(8)62.habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 生活环境，栖息地(8)63.nowhere /ˈnəʊweə(r)/ adv. 无处，哪里都不(8)64.dolphin /ˈdɒlfɪn/ n. 海豚(8)65.resident /ˈrezɪdənt/ n. 居民，住户(11)66.chief /tʃiːf/ n. 首领，最高领导人adj. 主要的；首席的(11)mittee /kəˈmɪti/ n. 委员会(11)68.entirely /ɪnˈtaɪəli/ adv. 完全地，全部地，完整地(11)69.smog /smɒɡ/ n. 雾霾，烟雾(11)70.get rid /rɪd/ of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉(11)71.protest /prəˈtest/ vi. 反对，抗议vt. 坚持声称，申辩/ˈprəʊtest/ n. 抗议，反对(11)72.profit /ˈprɒfɪt/ n. 利润，收益；好处vi. & vt. 获益，得到好处(11)73.defence /dɪˈfens/ (AmE defense) n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守(11)74.various /ˈveəriəs/ adj. 各种不同的，各种各样的(11)75.process /ˈprəʊses/ n. 过程，进程；步骤，流程vt. 加工，处理(11)76.economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的(12)77.policy /ˈpɒləsi/ n. 政策，方针；原则(12)78.branch /brɑːntʃ/ n.（政府或机构）部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支(12)79.strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署(12)80.recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ vt. 回收利用，再利用(12)81.subway /ˈsʌbweɪ/ n. 地铁；地下人行道(12)82.former /ˈfɔːmə(r)/ adj. 昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的(12)83.official /əˈfɪʃl/ n. 官员，要员adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的(12)84.poverty /ˈpɒvəti/ n. 贫穷，贫困；贫乏(12)85.poison /ˈpɔɪzn/ vt. 污染；毒死，毒害n. 毒物，毒药(13)86.chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ n. 化学制品adj. 化学的；化学作用的(13)87.consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ n. 结果，后果；重要性(13)88.give rise to 使发生（或存在）(13)89.further /ˈfɜːðə(r)/ adj. 更多的，更进一步的adv. 较远，更远；进一步。

Pathfinder 英文毒药规则

A poison is a substance that interferes with the natural functions of a living creature's body, causing injury or death, typically requiring only a very small amount. The target of a poison may resist with a successful saving throw. Poisons can be delayed or cured with spells such as delay poison and neutralize poison.Poisons have four categories, based on how they reach thetarget: contact, ingested, inhaled, or injury.Contact: These poisons are delivered the moment a creature touches the poison with its bare skin. Such poisons can be used as injury poisons. Contact poisons usually have an onset time of 1 minute and a frequency of 1 minute.Ingested: These poisons are delivered when a creature eats or drinks the poison. Ingested poisons usually have an onset time of 10 minutes and a frequency of 1 minute.Inhaled: These poisons are delivered the moment a creature enters an area containing such poisons and do not usually have an onset time. For most inhaled poisons, 1 dose fills a volume equal to a 10-foot cube. A creature can attempt to hold its breath while inside the area to avoid inhaling the toxin. A creature holding its breath receives a 50% chance of not having to make a Fortitude save each round. See the rules for holding your breath and suffocation. If a creature is holding its breath and fails the constitution check to continue doing so, rather than suffocating it begins to breathe normally again (and is subject to the effects of the inhaled poison if still in the area).Injury: These poisons are primarily delivered through the attacks of certain creatures and through weapons coated in the toxin. Injury poisons do not usually have an onset time and have a frequency of 1 round.Applying PoisonOne dose of poison smeared on a weapon or some other object affects just a single target. A poisoned weapon or object retains its poison until the weapon scores a hit or the object is touched (unless the poison is wiped off before a target comes in contact with it).Applying poison to a weapon or single piece of ammunition is a standard action. Whenever you apply or ready a poison for use, there is a 5% chance that you expose yourself to the poison and must save against the poison as normal. This does not consume the dose of poison. Whenever you attack with a poisoned weapon, if the attack roll results in a natural 1, you expose yourself to the poison. This poison is consumed when the weapon strikes a creature or istouched by the wielder. If you have the poison use class feature (such as from the assassin prestige class or the alchemist base class), you do not risk accidentally poisoning yourself when applying poison.Multiple Doses of PoisonUnlike other afflictions, multiple doses of the sa me poison “stack,” meaning that successive doses combine to increase the poison's DC and duration.Making your initial saving throw against a poison means stacking does not occur—the poison did not affect you and any later doses are treated independently. Likewise, if a poison has been cured or run its course (by you either making the saves or outlasting the poison's duration), stacking does not occur. However, if there is still poison active in you when you are attacked with that type of poison again, and you fail your initial save against the new dose, the doses stack. This has two effects, which last until the poisons run their course.Increased Duration: Increase the duration of the poison by 1/2 the amount listed in its frequency entry.Increased DC: Increase the poison's DC by +2.These increases are cumulative (a third dose adds another 1/2 of the frequency to the duration and +2 to the DC, and so on). When affected by multiple doses of the same poison, you only make one saving throw at this higher DC when required by the frequency, rather than one saving throw against each dose of the poison.Multiple doses do not alter the Cure condition of the Poison, and meeting that Cure condition ends all doses of the poison.Applied contact poisons and injury poisons cannot inflict more than one dose of poison per weapon at a time (because the poison on the weapon only lasts for one successful attack before it wears off). Inhaled and ingested poisons can inflict multiple doses at once.Doses from different poisons (such as an assassin with greenblood oil on his dagger and Medium spider venom on his short sword) do not stack—the effects of each are tracked separately.Example: A fighter is facing three Medium spiders (which inject Medium spider venom on a successful bite). Medium spider venom normally has a frequency of 4 rounds and a DC of 14. On the first round, all three spiders bite him and he fails all three saves. The second and third doses each increase the totalduration by 2 rounds (half of the 4 round frequency) and the save DC by +2, for a total duration of 8 rounds (4 + 2 + 2) and DC 18 (14 + 2 + 2). Fortunately, Medium spider venom is cured after just one successful save, even though the fighter is battling three doses at once.Example: This time, the fighter makes two of his initial saves against the spider venom, so he only has one dose active in his body. He fails his save on his turn. On the spiders's turn, two of them bite him, and he fails both saves, which increases the duration to 8 rounds and the DC to 18, just as if he had failed all three saves in the same round.Crafting PoisonYou can make poison with the Craft (alchemy) skill. The DC to make a poison is equal to its Fortitude save DC. Rolling a natural 1 on a Craft skill check while making a poison exposes you to the poison. This does not consume the poison. If you have the poison use class feature, you do not risk accidentally poisoning yourself when applying poison.The sample poisons listed below represent just some of the common poisons available in cities. Of course, most cities have laws against buying, selling, or crafting poison.。

Unit 1 Nature in the balance知识清单

Unit 1Nature in the balance知识清单一、词汇拓展(单词按照教材中出现的顺序列出)1. harm n．& vt. 伤害，损害→harmful adj. 有害的→harmless adj. 无害的2. length n. 长度→long adj. 长的→lengthen v. 加长3. species n. 物种→species(pl.)n. 物种4. variety n. 不同种类→vary v. 不同→various adj. 各种各样的5. living adj. 活着的，活的，在使用的n. 生计，谋生；生活方式→live v. 生活6. extinction n. 灭绝，绝种→extinct adj. 绝种的；绝迹的7. survive vi. 生存，存活vt. 幸存，幸免于难→survival n. 生存→survivor n. 幸存者8. nutrient n. 营养素，营养物→nutrition n. 营养→nutritious adj. 有营养的9. disappear vi. 消失→appear (opp.)v. 出现→disappearance n. 消失，失踪10. agriculture n. 农业，农学→agricultural adj. 农业的11. region n. 地区，区域；行政区→regional adj. 区域的12. application n. 应用，运用；申请→apply v. 申请→applicant n. 申请人13. absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj. 完全的；全部的；绝对的14.image n. 图像；形象；意象→imagine v. 想象→imaginary adj. 想象的，虚构的→imaginative adj. 想象力丰富的→imaginable adj. 可以想象得到的15. deer n. 鹿→deer n．(pl.)鹿16. resident n. 居民，住户→residential adj. 居住的17. entirely adv. 完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj. 完全的18. smog n. 雾霾，烟雾→smoggy adj. 有雾的19. profit n. 利润，受益；好处vi.& vt. 获益，得到好处→profitable adj. 可盈利的20. defence(defense)n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend v. 辩护，保护21. economic adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economy n. 经济→economical adj. 经济的，节约的22. recycle vt. 回收利用，再利用→recyclable adj. 可回收利用的23. former adj. 昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的→(opp.)latter adj. 后者的24. official n. 官员，要员adj.公务的；正式的，官方的→officially adv. 官方地，正式地→office n. 办公室→officer n. 官员25. poison n. 毒药，毒物vt. 污染；毒死，毒害→poisonous adj. 有毒的26. chemical adj. 化学的，化学作用的n. 化学制品→chemistry n. 化学→chemist n. 化学家；药剂师27.consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj. 随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv. 因此；所以28. further adj. 更多的，更进一步的adv.较远，更远；进一步vt. 促进，增进→far adj. 远的→farther adj. 更远的二、短语积累(短语按照教材中出现的顺序列出)1. human race 人类2. cut down 砍倒3. sound the alarm 发出警报；敲警钟4. be thankful for 对……感激5. be home to 是……的家园6. judge from 由……判断7. a huge sea of... 大量的，大片的8. play a significant role in 在……方面起着重要的作用9. maintain the fine balance of 维持……的平衡10. in length 长度上11. one in ten 十分之一12. lie down 躺下来13. an unbelievable variety of 种类多到难以置信14. beneath the ground 在地下15. towering ancient hardwoods 高耸、古老的阔叶树16. feed on 以……为食17. in turn 相应地，转而18. a tiny army of 一小队19. break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成)20. be known as 以……著称21. due to 因为，由于22. in danger of extinction 濒临灭绝23. afford to do sth 负担得起做某事24. for one thing…for another…首先……其次……25. rise to 上升到26. go away 走开27. take away 拿走28. build up 逐渐增加，扩大29. take in 吸收；理解；欺骗30. as a result 因此31. lock up 锁起来32. leave out 遗漏33. come up with 想出，想到34.call for (公开)要求；需要35. get started 开始36. an organization devoted to protecting forests 一个致力于保护森林的组织37. at the entrance to 在……入口38.stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事39. divide sb into 将某人分成40. clean up 清洁41. sign up 签约；雇用；报名42. think of 想起43. spring to mind 突然记起(或想到)44. have the greatest impact on 对……有最大的影响45. in the last 500 years 在过去500年里46.go extinct 灭绝47. for fun 为了好玩48. put sb in danger 使……处于危险中49. happen to sb 遭到，遇到50. take small actions 采取小的行动51. the problems facing the animals 动物面临的问题52.at risk 处于危险之中53. of great importance 非常重要的54. take measures 采取措施55. make efforts 努力56. call on sb to do sth 号召某人做某事57. get rid of 摆脱，扔掉，丢弃58. protest against 对……表示反对或抗议59. tend to do 往往会做60. connect sth with sth 将某物和某物联系起来61. make huge profits 创造巨大利润62. in defence of 保护63. point out 指出64. the amount of pollution 污染量65. speak for 代表……讲话；为……辩护66. be concerned about 担心，关心67. even though 即使68. draw one's attention to 吸引某人的注意69. deal with 应对70. achieve a balance between…and…在……和……之间达成一种平衡71. hand in hand 手拉手72. in an environmentally friendly way 以一种环境友好的方式73. follow the golden rules 遵守黄金规则74. lift people out of poverty 使人们摆脱贫困75. aim for sth 以……为目标76. make eye contact with sb 和某人进行眼神交流77. put…together 把……组合78. large amounts of industrial waste 大量工业污染79. give rise to 使发生(或存在)三、重点句型1. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6，400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangze River.(P.2, L．7—9)译文：亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米，比长江还长约100千米。

高中英语单词大全(英语书上的)[1]

<高一英语(上)>Unit 1honest adj 诚实的；正直的brave adj 勇敢的Loyal adj 忠诚的；忠心的wise adj 英明的；明智的；聪明的handsome adj 英俊的；大方的；美观的smart adj 聪明的；漂亮的；敏捷的argue vt 争论；辩论△solution n 解答；解决办法；解决方案classical adj 古典的；古典文学的△Steve 史蒂夫（男子名）fond adj 喜爱的；多情的；喜欢的fond of 喜欢；爱好△Sarah n 莎拉；萨拉（女子名）△Joe 乔（男子名）match n 火柴mirror n 镜子fry vt＆vi 油煎；油炸gun n 炮；枪hammer n 锤子；槌saw n＆vt＆vi 锯rope n 绳；索；绳索△compass n 罗盘；指南针movie n 电影cast vt＆vi 投掷；投射；抛△Tom Hanks 汤姆?汉克斯（美国男影星）△Chuck Noland 查克?诺兰德（男子名）△survive vt 幸免于；从……中生还vi 幸存deserted adj 荒芜的；荒废的hunt vt＆vi＆n 打猎；猎取；搜寻hunt for 搜索，追寻；寻找in order to 为了△Wilson 威尔逊（男子名）share vt＆vi 分享；共有；分配n 共享；份额sorrow n 悲哀；悲痛care about 担心；关心feeling n．触觉；知觉；感觉；情绪such as 例如airplane n 飞机△parachute n 降落伞lie n 谎话；谎言speech n 演说；讲话；语音adventure n＆vt＆vi 冒险；冒险经历notebook n 笔记本；笔记本式电脑△scared adj 恐惧的△e-pal n 网友△South Carolina 南卡罗来纳州（美国州名）drop sb a line 给某人写信（通常指写短信〉△formal adj 正式的；正规的error n 错误；差错Unit 2△Nancy 南希（女子名）bathroom n 浴室；盥洗室；厕所make oneself at home 别客气towel n 毛巾△landlady n 女房东；老板娘closet n 壁橱；储藏室△Karen 卡伦（女子名）pronounce v 发音；宣告；断言△Thompson 汤普森（姓氏）broad adj 宽的repeat vt＆vi 重做；重复；复述n 重复；反复△Dave 戴夫（男子名）△ketchup n 蕃茄酱；蕃茄沙司majority n 多数；大半native adj 本国的；本地的n 本地人；本国人total n 总数；合计adj 总的；全部的；整个的in total 总共△the United Kingdom 英国tongue n 舌头；语言；口语△mother tongue 母语equal adj 相等的；胜任的vt 等于；比得上government n 政府；内阁situation n 情形；境遇；（建筑物等的）位置△Pakistan n 巴基斯坦（南亚国家）△Nigeria n 尼日利亚（非洲国家）△the Philippines 菲律宾共和国；菲律宾群岛except for 除了……之外international adj 国际的；世界的organization n 组织；机构；团体trade n 贸易；商业tourism n 旅游；观光global adj 全球的；球形的communicate vi 交际；沟通；传达（感情、信息等）communication n 交流；通讯；通信exchange vt＆n 交换；交流；兑换service n 服务，服务性工作signal n 信号movement n 运动；动作；运转△peg n 钉；栓；桩commander n 司令官；指挥官tidy vt＆vi 整理：收拾adj 整齐的；整洁的stand n 台；看台；摊，摊位stay up 不睡，熬夜come about 发生independent adj 独立自主的fall n 秋天；瀑布expression n 短语；表情end up with …告终typhoon n 台风△tornado n 旋风；龙卷风△Spanish n 西班牙语；西班牙人adj 西班牙（人、语）的△Noah Webster 诺厄?韦伯斯特（美国词典编纂家）publish vt 发表；出版；公布southern adj 南方的；南部的△statement n 陈述；声明；综述president n 总统；校长；行长；会长European adj 欧洲的；欧洲人的bring in 引进；引来a great many 许许多多；极多howl vi＆n 嚎叫；怒吼；嚎哭cookbook n 食谱compare vt 比较replace vt 替换Unit 3consider vt 考虑；照顾；认为means n 手段；方法transportation n 运输；运送board n 上（船、飞机等）△destination n 目的地experience vt＆n 体验；经历；经验simply adv 仅仅；只不过；简单地；完全；简直get away from 逃离△raft vi 乘筏n 木筏vacation n 假期；休假nature n 自然；自然界；本性basic adj 基本的n 基本；要素equipment n 装备；设备simple adj 简单的△backpack n 背包tip n 指点；忠告；尖端；小费watch out 注意；当心△spider n 蜘蛛poisonous adj 有毒的；有害的；恶毒的protect sb／sth from 保护、保卫某人（某事物）△cellphone n 手机paddle vi 划桨；涉水。

高中英语单词天天记poison素材

· poison· v. ['pɔɪzn] ( poisons; poisoned; poisoning )·· 双解释义· vt.毒死 harm or kill with poison· vt.对…有不良影响; 污染have a damaging influence on; make dangerous impure· 基本要点•1.poison用作名词时是“毒药”的意思,转化为动词作“毒死”解,用作及物动词,宾语一般是有生命的人或动物。

2.poison引申可作“污染,对…有不良影响”解,用作及物动词,接空气、水或思想意识等名词作宾语。

•· 词汇搭配•～+名词•poison dog 毒死狗•poison mice 毒死老鼠•poison one's mind 毒害某人的思想••～+副词•poison basely 无耻地毒害•poison corrosively 腐蚀性地毒害•poison diabolically 凶暴地毒害•poison insidiously 伺机毒害•poison maliciously 恶意毒害•poison murderously 企图谋杀地毒害•poison organically 有组织地毒害••～+介词•poison against 对…有不良的影响•poison by eating sth 由于吃某物而中毒•poison with 用…伤害或杀死…; 以…影响〔毒害〕…· 常用短语•poison against(v.+prep.)对…有不良的影响; 给予较低的评价 give sb or sb's mind bad ideas about sb/sth;influence sb to have a low opinion of sb▲poison sth against sbThe unhappy mother had poisoned her children's minds against their father and they no longer wanted to see him.心怀不满的妈妈对孩子的父亲的看法影响了孩子的思想,以至于他们不再想见到他。

高中英语单词天天记poison素材

2.poison引申可作“污染,对…有不良影响”解,用作及物动词,接空气、水或思想意识等名词作宾语。

•· 词汇搭配•poison dog 毒死狗•poison mice 毒死老鼠•poison one's mind 毒害某人的思想••poison basely 无耻地毒害•poison corrosively 腐蚀性地毒害•poison diabolically 凶暴地毒害•poison insidiously 伺机毒害•poison maliciously 恶意毒害•poison murderously 企图谋杀地毒害•poison organically 有组织地毒害••～+介词•poison against 对…有不良的影响•poison by eating sth 由于吃某物而中毒•poison with 用…伤害或杀死…; 以…影响〔毒害〕…· 常用短语•poison against(v.+prep.)对…有不良的影响; 给予较低的评价 give sb or sb's mind bad ideas about sb/sth;influence sb to have a low opinion of sb▲poison sth against sbThe unhappy mother had poisoned her children's minds against their father and they no longer wanted to see him.心怀不满的妈妈对孩子的父亲的看法影响了孩子的思想,以至于他们不再想见到他。

Unit1词汇及翻译

Unit1词汇及翻译Unit 1have taken so many stupid risks.你有为你的家⼈多⼀点考虑，你就不会有那么多愚蠢的风险。

2. Due to the lack of an adequate(充⾜的) labor(劳动⼒) force(⼒), even由于缺乏劳动⼒这个村的妇⼥甚⾄被迫在煤矿⼯作。

3. We went through lovely countryside with great mountains, some of them beautiful and green and wooded(树⽊繁茂的), while others荒野).我们沿途经过风景秀丽的乡村，那⾥⼭峦起伏，有⼀些被森林覆盖，郁郁葱葱，风景宜⼈；另⼀些则是荒⼭秃岭，草⽊不⽣。

灰) from the furnace(⽕炉) with his bare hands.清洁⼯脱下他的外套，开始⽤他的⾚裸的双⼿擦去炉上的灰烬。

5. People in that area are already threatened(威胁) with environmental(环境的) since 60% of the forest there has been destroyed.⼈们已经感受到环境破坏⽅⾯的威胁，因为有60％的森林已被破坏。

6. The auto(汽车of private(私⼈的) cars this year due to the improved working efficiency(效率).由于提⾼了⼯作效率，汽车公司已经看到了今年私家车产量⼤幅增加。

7. Under severe(严峻的、剧烈的) attack from enemy(敌⼈) aircraft(飞机), the troops(军队) were forced to(不得不the front.在敌机的剧烈打击下，前⾯的部队被迫撤退。

常用前缀一

a-①+单词或词根 ,不,无,非②+单词 , 在,的ab- abs- +词根 ,相反 ,变坏 ,离开ab- ac- ad- af- ag- an- ap- ar- as- at- 同+辅音词根 ,表示”再三”等增强意ad- +单词或词根 ,做 ,增强amphi- ambi-两个 ,两种an-词根 ,不,无ana-错误 ,在旁边 ,分开ante-前方 ,先anti- 反对 ,相反apo-走开 ,远离auto- 自动 ,自己be-①组成动词 ,使成为②组成一些介词bene-善,好bi-二个 ,两by-在旁边 ,副的circum-围绕 ,四周co-共同 ,往常 +元音词根col- cor- +同辅音词根 ,共同contra-反对 ,相反counter- 反对 ,相反de-①去掉 ,变坏 ,走开 ,变慢 ,向下②使成为 ,增强di-①两个 ,双② 使变为 ,分开 ,分别dia-穿过 ,两者之间dif-和辅音重复表示不 ,否定 ,分开dis-①不,消逝掉②分开 ,分别dys-坏,不良e- ef-出,出来em- en-①进入之中 ,包围②使进入状态epi-在上,在四周 ,在后边eu-好,优异ex-①出 ,出去②前方的 ,前任的exo 外面的 ,外面extra-之外的 ,超出的fore-前方 ,早先hetero- 异类 ,异种homo- 同类的hyper-超出 ,太多hypo-下边 ,次等il- ir- ①+辅音词根 ,不,无② 使成为 ,进入 intro- intra- 向内 ,入内macro-雄伟 ,大mal- male-坏,恶micro-微,小mini- 小mis-错误 ,坏mono- 单个 ,一个multi- 多，好多neo-新的non-不，非omni- 所有，各处out- ①超出，过分②出去，过时over-①过分，过分②在之上③翻转paleo-古，旧pan-宽泛的para ①半，近似，协助②在旁边③降落伞pen-近似，差不多per-①贯串，自始自终②假，坏peri-四周，凑近poly-多post-①在后边②邮政，邮件pre-前的，早先的pro-①向前，在前②好多③赞成，亲proto- 原始pseudo-假，伪re-①向后，相反，不②再三，从头retro- 向后，倒退se-分开，走开，差别开sub-①在下边，次一等，帮手②凑近，凑近suc- suf- sup- sur- +同辅音词根，在下边 sur-超出，在上边super-①超级，超出，过分②在上边sus-在下边sym- syn-共同，同样trans-①横过，超出②变换，改变，转移 ultra- ①极端②高出，超出un-①不，无，非，没有②翻开，假开，弄出under- ①在下②不足，不够③帮手常用前缀二 deci-十分之一 demi-半endo-内部 hecto-百，很多 hemi-半hepta-七hexa-六holo- 所有iso-等，同 kilo-一千meta-超出，改变 milli-千，千分之一 ob-逆，倒，增强意义 octa- octo-八penta-五quadri- quadru-四 quasi-近似，准 semi-半sept- septi-七 sex-六step-后，继或前夫（妻）所生stereo-立体 supra-超 tetra-四tri- 三twi- 二，两 uni-一个，单调 vice-副with- 向后，相失常用词根一acid, acri, acrid, acu = sour, sharp尖，酸，锐，利act = to do, to drive 行动，做 aer, aero, aeri = air空气，充气 ag = do, act做，代理做 agri, agro, agr = field, land田地，农业 alter,altern,ali=other,tochange 其余的，改变状态 am, amor, amat = love爱，情爱 ambul = walk 行走，走路 anim = life, spirit 生命，精神 ann, enn = year年，一年 anthrop = man, human 人，人类 apt, ept = fit, ability 适应，能力治，主要的art = skill, joint, trick 技巧，关节，诡计astro, aster = star 星星audi, audit = hear 听av, avar, avi = desire, bird盼望，鸟ball, bol = throw, dance, ball 抛，舞，球bas, base = low, foundation低下，基础bell, bel = war, fight 战争，打架bio, bi = life 生命，生物brev, bridg = short 短，缩短cad, cas, cid = fall落下，降临cand = white, glow 白，发光cant, cent = sing, song唱，歌cap, capt, cept, ceive, cip, cup = take, hold, seize 拿，抓，握住cap, cipit = head 头card, cord = heart 心脏，一致carn = flesh 肉，肉欲ced, ceed, cess = go行走，行进celer = quick, speed快，速cent = hundred 一百centr = center 中心cern, cert, cret = sure, separate搞清，差别chron = time 时间cid, cis = cut, kill切开，杀circ, cycl = ring, circle圆，环cit = quote, call 引用，唤起claim, clam = cry out, shout 呼叫，叫唤clear, clar, clair = clear, bright清楚，理解clin, cliv = lean, slope侵斜，斜坡clos,clud, clus = close封闭corp, corpor = body 身体，集体cracy = rule 统治或政体crat = ruler 统治者creed, cred = believe, trust 相信，相信cre, creas = grow, make增添，产生cruc, crus, crux = cross十字形，交错crypt = secret, hidden 奥密，隐蔽cub, cumb = lie down 躺cumber = barrier 躺的东西，阻碍cult = till 耕作，培育cur = care 关怀cur, curr, curs, cour, cours = run跑，发生dem(o) = people 人民，人们dent = tooth 牙齿derm, dermat = skin 皮肤 doc, doct = to teach教don, dit = give 赐予du, dub, doub = two 二，双duc, duct = lead, bring 指引，带来dur = last, hard 长久，坚硬dyn, dynam = power 力量em, empt, ampl = take, procure 拿，获取equ, equi = equal, even相等，均匀erg, ert = energy, work 能量，活动err = wander, mistake 遨游，出错误ev = age年纪，时代fabl, fabul = speak讲，说fac, fic = face脸，面fac, fact, fect, fic, fig = make, do做，制作fall, fail, fault = err, deceive 出错误，欺诈fer = bring, carry 带来，拿来ferv = boil 沸，热fid = trust, faith 相信，信念fin = end, boundary 结束，范围flam, flagr = blaze 火焰flect, flex = bend 曲折flict = strike 打击flor, flour = flower 花flu = flow 流动forc, fort = strong 强盛，力量form = shape 形状fract, frag = break 打坏frig, friger = cold 冷fug = flee 逃，走开fus = pour 流，泻gen, gener, genit = birth, produce 出生，产生 geo = earth 地，地球gest, gister = carry, bring带来，产生gnos(t), gnor = know 知道gon = angle角grad = step, grade步，级graph, gram = write 写，图grat, gree = pleasing感谢，快乐grav, griev = heavy重greg = group 集体gress = go, walk行走gyn, gynec = woman妇女habit = dwell 居住hap = chance时机，运气her, hes = stick粘附 hydr, hydro = water 水 idea, ideo = idea思想，看法 idio = peculiar, private 特别的，个人的 it = go 行走 ject = throw, cast 扔掷，扔 judg, judic = judge 判断 junct, join = join 联合，连结 jur, juris = swear, law 立誓，法律 juven = young 年青 labor = labor 劳动 laps = slip滑，滑走 lat = bring out 取出，带出 lav, luv, lut = wash 洗，冲刷 lect, lig = choose, gather选择，采集 lect, leg = speak, read讲，读 leg, legis = law法律 lev, liev = raise, lighten举起，变轻 liber = free 自由 limin, lim = threshold 门槛，限制 line = line 直线，线条 lingu = language语言，原意为舌头 liter = letter 文字，字母 lith = stone 石头 loc = place地方 log, logu = speak说话logy, ology = science科学，学科 long = long 长 loqu,locu = speak说话 luc, lust = light, shine 光，照亮 lumin = light 光 lud, lus = play玩，戏剧 magn = big大 man, manu = hand手 mari = sea大海 mark = sign记号，符号 matern, matr =mother 母性，母亲 med, medi = middle 中间 memor = memory 记忆 ment = mind 思虑，神志 merg, mers = sink沉，没 meter, metr, meas, mens = measure计量，丈量migr = remove 迁徙 min = project 伸出，突出 mini, min = small 小 mir = wonder, look 诧异，看mob = move 动mod = mode, manner 方式，模式，风采mon, monit = warn 警示morph = form, shape 形状mort = death 死mot = move 运动mount = ascend 登上muni, mum = public 公共的mut = change 改变nat = born 出生的nav, naus, naut = ship船，船员nect, nex = bind 连结neg = deny 否定negr, nigr = black黑noc, nox = hurt, poison 损害，毒nom(y) = a field of knowledge 某一领域的知识nomin = name 名称，名字norm = rule, norm 规则，规范not = know 知道，注意nounce, nunci = speak发言，说出nov = new 新的numer = number 数量onym = name 名字oper = work 工作opt = choose 选择opt, opto = sight 视力ora, orat = mouth 嘴，说ori, orig = rise, begin 升起，开始ordin = order 命令，次序orn = embellish 装修par = equal 同等part, port = part, divide 部分，分开pass = pass through经过pass = feeling感情path=feeling,suffering,illness 感情，痛苦，病patr(i) = father 父亲ped = foot 脚ped = child, education 小孩，教育pel, puls = drive, push驱动，推pen, pun = penalty 处罚pend, pens = hang悬挂pend,pens,pond=weight,expend 称重量，称银子，花销peri = try 试试 phag = eat 吃phil, philo = lovexxphob, phobia = dislike 憎恶phon = sound 声音pict = paint 描绘plac = calm 沉静plat = flat 平展plannt = plant 栽种ple, plen, plet, pli = full, fill 满，填满plex = fold 重叠plic, ply = fold 重叠plor = cry, weep 喊，哭point, punct = point, make sharp 点，变尖polic, polis, polit = state, city 国家，城市pon, pound = put 搁置popul, publ = people 人民port = carry 拿，运pos, posit = put 放prais, preci = value价值prehens, prehend = catch抓住press = press挤压prim = first, chief 第一，主要的pris = take 拿住，抓住priv = single, alone单个prob, prov = test 测试，证明proper, propri = one ’ s own拥有，适合的pugn = fight 打架pur, purg = pure 贞洁put = think 以为，思虑quest, quir, quis, quer = seek, search追求，咨询quiet, qui = stillxxquit = free 自由radic = root 根range = rank 摆列，次序rap, rapt, rav = snatch 捕，夺ras, rad = scrape刮擦rect = straight, right 正，直rid, ris = laugh 笑rod, ros = bite 咬rog = ask要求，问rot = wheel 轮子，转rud = rude 原始，粗野rupt = break 断裂sal = salt盐san, sanit = healthy健康的够，饱足scend, scens, scent = climb爬，攀 sci = know 知道 scrib, script = write 写secut, sequ = follow 跟从 sect, seg = cut, divide切，割 sens, sent = feel感觉 sen = old老 sert = join, insert 加入，插入 serv = serve, keep服务，保持 sid = sit 坐sign = mark记号，信号 simil, simul, sembl = alike, same相近似，同样terr = earth 土地test = test, witness 测试，凭证text = weave 编织thesis, thet = setting 搁置the(o) = god 神therm = heat 热tim = fear 惧怕tir = drawxxtom, tomy = cut 切割tort = twist 歪曲tour, torn = turn 转tox = poison 毒tract = drawxx，拖treat = handle 办理trem = quiver 发抖tribut = give 赐予trud, trus = push 推turb = stir 搅动twine = twine 编织umbr = shadow 影子un, uni = one 单调，一个und = wave 颠簸urb = cityxxup = up, over 向上us, util = use 用vac, vacu, van, void = empty空vad, vas = go走vag, vagr = wander遨游vail, val = strong 强健val, valu = value价值vari, vary = change变化venge = punish处罚，报仇ver = true 真切verb = word 词语vers, vert = turn 转vest = clothes衣服vi, via, vey, voy = way道路vid, vis = see看viv, vit, vig = life 生命voc, vok = call, voice叫唤，声音vol, volunt = wish, will 意志，意向volv, volu, volt = roll, turn 卷，转vor = eat 吃 zoo = animal 动物常用词根二abl, abili = able 能力acro = top 极点，高点agog = lead指引agon = struggle挣扎，斗争alb = white 白色alg = pain 痛alt = high 高ampl = large 大anci, antiq = oldxxandro = male, man 男人arbit(r) = judge 判断arc(h) = bowxxarm = weapon 武器aug = increase增添balm = balsam香油ban = prohibit 严禁bar = weight 重，压barr = stick 棒，栏bat = beat 打，击biblio = book 书blanc = whitexxbrace = two arms 两臂braid = twist 扭bu = oxxxcalc = stone石头calori = heat 热camp = fieldxxcar, char = dear可爱的card, chart = paper 纸片cast = pure 贞洁cav = hole洞cens = judge判断chor = dance, sing歌，舞chrom = color 颜色cil(i) = call 招集civ = citizen 公民coct = cook 煮，分配cogn = know 知道cond = hide 藏 crit, cris = judge, discern判断，分辨 cryo = cold 冷，冻 culp = fault 错，罪 cuss = shake摇动 custom = habit 习惯 cyn = dog狗 demn = harm 损害dens = make thick变浓重 dexter = right 右侧 di = day日，日子 dole = grieve 伤心dom = house屋，家 dorm = sleep睡眠 dox = opinion 看法 draw = pull 拉 drom = run 跑 ed = eat 吃hilar = glad 快乐hor(r) = shudder, dread 发抖，惧怕hort = encourage 鼓舞hospit, host = guest 客人hypn(o) = sleep睡眠idol = image 形象，偶像imag, imit = imagine, likeness想象，相象insul = island岛屿integr = whole 完好joc = joke 消化journ = day 日期jug = yoke 牛轭lact = milk 奶，乳langu = faint 衰弱lapid = stone 石头later = side 边lax = loosexxlex, lexic = word, speech词汇libr = book 书licen = allow 同意lic = allure 引诱linqu = leave 走开lips = leave 走开liqu = wet 湿lun = moon 月亮lustr = light 光明lys, lysis = break down裂开，分假mach, mech = machine机器maj = great 大，伟大man, main = stay停留mand = order 命令merc, merch = trade 交易mend = free from fault 改错milit = soldier 兵mis(o) = hate 恨miser = wretched 可怜的mnes, mnem = rember 记忆monstr = show 显示moll = soft 软mor = moralxxmord, mors = bite 咬mur = wall 墙壁mus = muse娱乐neur = nerve 神经nihil = nothing 无，不存在 null = none 没有nutrit, nutri = nourish 营养od = song 歌曲oner = load 负担optim = best 最好orbit = circle 圆周oss = bone骨头ot(o) = ear 耳朵pact = fastened 紧的palp = feel 感觉，摸par = get ready 准备par = bring forth 生产，生出孩子parl = speak说话phan = show 显示phor = bring 带来21/2321 / 23photo = light 光phyt(o) = plant 植物pisc = fish鱼place = place放，地方plaud = clap hands鼓掌plod = big noise 高声音ploy = use, involve用，参加plumb = lead 铅porc = pig 猪post, poster = behind 后边pot = drink 喝poten = powerful 有力的proach = near 凑近prol = offspring 后辈，后代proxim = close, near凑近，凑近pud, pudi = feel shame感觉羞愧putr = rotten 腐化quaint = know 知道rage = mad 疯狂rat = calculate 计算rept = creep 爬22/2322 / 23rend = give 给rhythm = rhythm 节奏robor=strength 力量 (在现在的计算机领域常常听到”xx性”，用来指软件或系统的强健，就是它的音译而来)rub = red 红（ u-e,b-d,经过二次能假得来）rust, rur = country 乡村（ rust 是锈的意思，指乡村不洁净，各处锈迹斑斑）sag = know知道 sal = leap跳 sanct = holy神圣 semin = seed种子 serr = saw锯子 set = fix 布置好 sever = earnest诚心 sight = vision 目光 som = body身体 sort = kind 种类 spin = thorn 刺 splend = shine发光stall = place放 stigma = mark 标记，斑点 strat = spread out 扩散，层次 sult = leap 跳 surg = rise升起 tach = nail 钉子 tail = cut 剪，割 tard = slow 慢 techn = skill, ability 技术，能力 temn, tempt = scorn 歧视 terr = frighten 恐，怕 troph = nutrition 营养 toler = endure 容忍 touch = touch 摸，碰 trench = cut 切，割 trop = turn 转 tru = true 相信，真切 trit = rub 摩擦 tut, tuit = protect 保护 typ = type 模式，形状 urin, ur = urine 尿 vapor = steam 蒸汽 veil = cover 盖上 vent = wind 风 vestig = footprint, rack 脚迹，踪影 vibr = swing 摇晃 vid, vis = separate分开 vil = base拙劣 vir = man 男人 vot = vow 立誓 ware = watch 凝视 zeal = ardor 热情（ Z 不过为了代表闪电，故电又有激情、热流等含义）23/2323 / 23。

POISON1

essentials of toxicology1

药理1(1)

毒理学（第一章）

2023年统考版高考英语总复习第一部分教材考点梳理 必修五Unit 5 First aid

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禁毒名言警句英文

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Pathfinder 英文 毒药规则

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高中英语单词天天记poison素材

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常用前缀一

2023年统考版高考英语总复习第一部分教材考点梳理必修五Unit 5 First aid

Pathfinder 英文毒药规则