2013年雅思阅读模拟练习及答案(13)

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2013年雅思阅读模拟练习及答案(1-5)

雅思阅读技巧很多考生都不陌生，由于阅读这部分的考试不是很容易，考生们都想在考试中获得高分，因此，在进行阅读的时候是需要大家掌握一些技巧的，有一些技巧可以很好地帮助大家获得高分，针对这些技巧，下面看看北京新航道的小编给大家整理的吧。

2013年雅思阅读模拟练习及答案（1）《一》“Business is war.”The traditional language of business certainly makes it sound that way: winning the competition, getting market share, beating up suppliers, locking up customers. There are the victors and the losers.But today in doing business, you have to listen to stomers, work with suppliers, keep good relations-even with competitors. That doesn’t sound like war. Besides, there are few victors when business is looked upon as war.Most businesses succeed only if others also succeed. Business is competition and cooperation as well. In other words, business is war and peace.To bring together competition and cooperation, we turn to game theory. Game theory provides that whether one person wins or loses depends on what other people do. It is particularly effective when there are many interdependent factors and no decision can be made in isolation(孤立)from other decisions.Game theory breaks down the game into key elements(要素):players, added values, rules, tactics, and scope(范围)(PARTS).Every element affects the result of the game. This means that each of the five elements gives you a way to change an existing game into entirely new one. Change one of the PARTS, and you change the whole.Why change the game? An old Chinese saying explains: If you continue on the course you’re heading, that’s where you’ll end up. Sometimes that’s good, sometimes not. You can play the game very well, and still suffer great loss. That’s because you’re playing the wrong game: you need to change it. Even a good game can be made into a better one. Real success comes from actively shaping the game you play-from making the game you want, not taking the game you find.1, What’s the main idea of this passage? ______________________________________________________________2, The author of this passage is in favor of the idea that “Business is war.”(True/False)3, In game theory, cooperation no longer exists. (True/False)4, If you change one of the elements in PARTS, the game is changed entirely. (True/False)5, “PARTS”stands for _______.A.players, added values, rules, tactics and scopeB.all of the elements in the game theoryC.the parties in a gameD.the parts that affect the result of the game6, The author emphasizes that _______.A.we shall play very hardB.we shall continue in the course we are headingC.we shall play in the right directionD.we shall always change no matter the change is good or not7, Choose the best answer, interdependent:ⅰbe depended ⅱdepending on each other ⅲdepend on others8, Choose the best answer, tactics:ⅰstrategy ⅱelement ⅲlawF F T A C ⅱⅰ《二》Here’s an unusual story：a diamond ring was recently found in an egg.The magician，Liu Qian，discovered it，in front of an audience of millions at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala.Liu’s magic tricks have made the centuries-old art of magic fashionable once again，and made him the hottest magician in China.As a seasoned young magician from Taiwan，Liu is popular worldwide for his magic shows.Countries he has performed in include the United States，Japan，South Korea and the UK.Witnessing something impossible happen right before your eyes is the root of people’s love for magic.Liu is known for his interaction with his audiences.He has a unique understanding of showmanship.“It’s actually thinking rather than one’s manipulation skills，that is more important to achieving a successful magic show.I think carefully about how to design the shows creatively，to make them appear more interesting,”Liu said .Liu Qian’s success dated back to his childhood.Born in 1976 in Taiwan，he found himself attracted to a magic toy in a shop when he was seven years old.At the age of 12，he won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest，which was judged by the great American magician，David Copperfield.Yet，Liu never planned on becoming a professional magician.He studied Japanese literature at university and only hoped to be an amateur magician in his spare time.However，his failure to find a proper job aftergraduation pushed him towards magic as a career.To refine his performing skills，he has performed on streets，roads and fields，for passers-by，policemen and farmers.“Street shows are the biggest challenge for us magicians.We have to deal with unexpected situations and tough crowds, ”Liu said.1.The story is about________________.A.how Liu Qian became China’s hottest magicianB.why people love magicC.what magic tricks areD.how fashionable magic is2.Which of the following is the key reason that Liu Qian decided to make magic his career?A.He was interested in magic when he was littleB.He had won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest.C.He became all amateur magician in his spare time.D.He couldn’t find an acceptable job after graduation.3.From the story we know that_______________.A.Liu Qian competed in many magic competitionsB.Liu Qian often invites audiences to be in his magic showC.Liu Qian performs on streets in order to increase his fameD.Liu Qian does street show to make money4. What does the word “seasoned”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.季节性的B.刚出道的C.老练的D.职业的5. Choose the best answer, Witnessing:A. see sthB. hear sthC. do sthD. smell sth6. Choose the best answer, amateur:A. 专业的B. 业余的C. 艺术的D. 文学的7. Choose the best answer, refine:A. make sth worseB. increase the valueC. to improveD. none of the aboveADBCABC《三》Here’s an unusual story：a diamond ring was recently found in an egg.The magician，Liu Qian，discovered it，in front of an audience of millions at CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala.Liu’s magic tricks have made the centuries-old art of magic fashionable once again，and made him the hottest magician in China.As a seasoned young magician from Taiwan，Liu is popular worldwide for his magic shows.Countries he has performed in include the United States，Japan，South Korea and the UK.Witnessing something impossible happen right before your eyes is the root of people’s love for magic.Liu is known for his interaction with his audiences.He has a unique understanding of showmanship.“It’s actually thinking rather than one’s manipulation skills，that is more important to achieving a successful magic show.I think carefully about how to design the shows creatively，to make them appear more interesting,”Liu said .Liu Qian’s success dated back to his childhood.Born in 1976 in Taiwan，he found himself attracted to a magic toy in a shop when he was seven years old.At the age of 12，he won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest，which was judged by the great American magician，David Copperfield.Yet，Liu never planned on becoming a professional magician.He studied Japanese literature at university and only hoped to be an amateur magician in his spare time.However，his failure to find a proper job after graduation pushed him towards magic as a career.To refine his performing skills，he has performed on streets，roads and fields，for passers-by，policemen and farmers.“Street shows are the biggest challenge for us magicians.We have to deal with unexpected situations and tough crowds, ”Liu said.1.The story is about________________.A.how Liu Qian became China’s hottest magicianB.why people love magicC.what magic tricks areD.how fashionable magic is2.Which of the following is the key reason that Liu Qian decided to make magic his career?A.He was interested in magic when he was littleB.He had won Taiwan’s Youth Magic Contest.C.He became all amateur magician in his spare time.D.He couldn’t find an acceptable job after graduation.3.From the story we know that_______________.A.Liu Qian competed in many magic competitionsB.B.Liu Qian often invites audiences to be in his magic showC.Liu Qian performs on streets in order to increase his fameD.Liu Qian does street show to make money4. What does the word “seasoned”in Paragraph 2 mean?A.季节性的B.刚出道的C.老练的D.职业的5. Choose the best answer, Witnessing:A. see sthB. hear sthC. do sthD. smell sth6. Choose the best answer, amateur:A. 专业的B. 业余的C. 艺术的D. 文学的7. Choose the best answer, refine:A. make sth worseB. increase the valueC. to improveD. none of the aboveADBCABC《四》1 One of the most intelligent animals on the planet is the dolphin.2 These unique animals have been regarded highly by humans for many centuries.3 In ancient Greece, if sailors saw dolphins swim by their ships when they were starting out ______ a voyage, they believed they would have good luck.4 One unique characteristic that makes them different from other sea animals is the way that they communicate.5 Dolphins use sound, touch and taste in order to learn about their world; however, unlike dogs,dolphins cannot smell. 6 They use a whistle or sound waves to see and feel their way around their environment. 7 This makes them different from many other sea animals and also helps them communicate _______ people.8 Another unique thing about dolphins is that the bones in their fins are similar ______ those in human arms and hands. 9 However, the connective tissue that surrounds the bones forms a flipper (鳍状肢) instead of a hand with individual fingers. 10 Even though dolphins live in the oceans, they do not drink the salt water around them. 11 Their bodies absorb water from the wide variety of creatures they eat.12 Loving a dolphin is an easy thing to do but, unlike a dog or a cat, the dolphin cannot come home with you from the ocean. 13 That is why many people like collecting dolphin souvenirs. 14 One can find many such things in almost every shop around the world. 15 Even the ancient people painted the images of dolphins on their vases.1. Fill in the blanks with prepositions:____________; _____________; ________________.2. What is paragraph one mainly talking about?______________________________________________________ paragraph two:_____________________________________________________paragraphthree:______________________________________________. paragraph four:______________________________________________3. Change sentence 2 into active voice:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________4. The special way dolphins communicate with those around them is by ______.A. touching others with their finsB. making special gesturesC. smelling the creatures around themD. using whistles and sound waves5. The water dolphins consume mainly comes from ____.A. ocean waterB. what they eatC. rain waterD. sea plants6. From the passage, we can infer that ______.A. it is rather difficult to train dolphinsB. ancient people were fond of dolphinsC. dolphins are good petsD. all shops sell dolphin productson with toDBB《五》When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beggars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open-hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what was morally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride andself-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.1. What is mainly discussed in the passage?___________________________________________________________ __________2. What is the author’s attitude toward beggars?___________________________________________________________ __________3. Change the underlined sentence into active voice.Related to this is the opinion that the government rather than ordinary people should _____________ the problem.4. Choose the best answer, Quite a few:A. manyB. a fewC. some5. Choose the best answer, pitiable:A. deserving pityB. lovableC. hateful6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Some people dress up to pretend to be beggars.B. Some beggars want money to help their children go to school.C. Some beggars use the money to buy drugs.D. Some beggars have no excuse for begging.7. In the last paragraph, the writer thinks that it is hard to come to any final conclusion，because ______.A. the cases can be so differentB. there are so many beggarsC. there is so much money wastedD. there are so many different arguments1. Arguments on giving to beggars.2. We should give some money to beggars.4. A5. A6.B7.A。

2013年雅思考题回忆汇总

●口语
主要Part 1话题：
music sleep family howntown entertainment internet boat
主要Part 2话题：
an important plant in your country
a polite person
a language not english do you learn in the future
2月16日
Section 3 =新题V Section 3（一级预测命中）
●阅读
2月14日考试阅读部分为两新题一旧题，2月16日考试阅读部分为两旧题一新题，题目版本为：
2月14日
↘Passage 1—反刍动物（旧题）
↘Passage 2—新题
↘Passage 3—新题
2月16日
↘Passage 1—新手和专家（旧题）
task2——教育——In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?
trainning session
products that not satisfied
a film about real people or event
a garden you visited
person who has important job
2013年1月19日

2013雅思真题阅读模考

2013雅思真题模拟之阅读模考From The Economist print editionHow shops can exploit people’s herd mentality to increase sales1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani， a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted：for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology，set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that，if a certain product is seen to be popular，shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani’s supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag，a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods，a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high，he is more likely to select it too.4. Mr Usmani’s “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is，the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world，mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work，and testing will get under way in the spring.5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could，indeed，be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14，000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded，they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank，but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed，the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category，and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem， a company in Cambridge，Massachusetts，also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet. Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home，you can still be part of the swarm.Questions 1-6Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.1. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.2. In shops，products shelved at a more visible level sell better even if they are more _______________.3. According to Mr. Usmani，with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon，a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.4. On the way to everyday items at the back of the store，shoppers might be tempted to buy _______________.5. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high，other customers tend to follow them.6. Using the “swarm-moves” model，shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.Questions 7-12Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 7-12 writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contraicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart.8. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.11. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.更多雅思模考真题欢迎关注新通外语官网。

【雅思】2013年8月17日雅思阅读考题回顾

2.通读所有段落，依次寻找答案
因为每段都会有答案，因此现在所需要做的事情就是到每段去找答案。要注意在选出信息后，要Biblioteka 选出的段落上做上记号，以免浪费时间。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑7 Test 1 Passage 1
剑7 Test 3 Passage 1
Reading Passage 2
Title:
美国三个地方的图书馆介绍
2.完全乱序
由于这种题型是要求把细节信息与所在的段落进行配对，因此是绝对打乱顺序出题的。
3.部分题目存在重复选项
在雅思阅读中，段落细节配对题以两种形式出现，一种是每个选项只能用一次，另外一种题型，在Instruction的最后一句往往有这样的提示：
NB You may use any letter more than once.
如果出现这样的提示，则说明某些段落可以重复选用。剑桥真题集中的真题以及笔者、考生的实际考试经历证明，这种指令往往意味着有且仅有一个选项可以使用两次。
4.从题量上来看，存在着以下两种可能：
1)题量=段落数+1（肯定带NB）
2)题量小于段落数两个以上
由于每个选项只能重复使用一次，因此第一种题型就意味着每个段落都会有至少一个答案，而第二种题型则不能保证每段都有。
题型难度分析
本次阅读考试总体难度中等偏上，三篇文章都出现了段落细节配对题，这种题型是无序的细节题，需要考生在全篇文章中浏览寻找信息。对于水平较好的考生，可以以较快的速度浏览文章，但是对于大部分考生来说如果要看完全文可能来不及。建议考生可以通过理解段落主题句，理清文章脉络，再把信息搭配到适合的段落中。
旧金山一直没钱建图书馆，所以他们建图书馆很慢，花了很久的时间。这反而是一件好事，因为缓慢的建造过程帮助他们躲过了一次地震。

【VIP专享】2013年3月23日雅思阅读考题回顾

2013年3月23日雅思阅读考题回顾
来源：朗阁培训中心编辑：xm 发布日期:2013-03-29
摘要：厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了3月23日雅思阅读考题回顾以及备考建议。
考试日期：
Reading Passage 1
Title:
Question types:
文章内容回顾
2013年3月比较害羞，habitat 在没有人的地方，有其他的 otter 占领的地方，它们也不会去挤。
第四段：它们的繁殖
第五段：它们的 reproduction 机制及小 otter 多久才会长大
第六段：污染什么的导致其数量减少
第七段：保护还是很有效的，有法律将其列为濒危动物
答案：
6.培养学生观察、思考、对比及分析综合的能力。过程与方法1.通过观察蚯蚓教的学实难验点，线培形养动观物察和能环力节和动实物验的能主力要；特2征.通。过教对学观方察法到与的教现学象手分段析观与察讨法论、，实对验线法形、动分物组和讨环论节法动教特学征准的备概多括媒，体继课续件培、养活分蚯析蚓、、归硬纳纸、板综、合平的面思玻维璃能、力镊。子情、感烧态杯度、价水值教观1和.通过学理解的蛔1虫.过观适1、察于程3观阅六蛔寄.内列察读、虫生出蚯材让标容生3根常蚓料学本教活.了据见身：生，师的2、解问的体巩鸟总看活形作用蛔题线的固类结雌动态业手虫自形练与本雄学、三：摸对学动状习人节蛔生结4、、收一人后物和同类课虫活构请一蚯集摸体回并颜步关重的动、学、蚓鸟蚯的答归色学系点形教生生让在类蚓危问纳。习从并状学理列学平的害题线蚯四线人归、意特出四生面体以形蚓、形类纳大图点常、五观玻存表及动的鸟请动文本小引以见引、察璃现，预物身类 3学物明节有言及的、导巩蚯上状是防的体之生和历课什根蚯环怎学固蚓和，干感主是所列环史学么据蚓节二样生练引牛鸟燥染要否以举节揭到不上适动、区回习导皮类还的特分分蚯动晓的同节于物让分答。学纸减是方征节布蚓物起一，课穴并学蚯课生上少湿法。?广的教，些体所居归在生蚓前回运的润；4泛益学鸟色生纳.靠物完的问答动原的4蛔，处目类习和活环.近在成前题蚯的因？了虫以。标就生体的节身其实端并蚓快及触解寄上知同物表内特动体结验和总利的慢我摸蚯生适识人学有容点物前构并后结用生一国蚯蚓在于与类的什，的端中思端线问活样的蚓人飞技有基么引进主的的考?形题环吗十体生行能着本特出要几变以动，境？大节活的1密方征本“特节化下物.让并为珍近习会形理切法。课生征有以问的小学引什稀腹性态解的。2课物。什游题主.结生出么鸟面和起结蛔关观题体么戏：要利明蚯？类处适哪构虫系察：的特的特用确蚓等，于些特适。蛔章形殊形征板，这资是穴疾点于可虫我态结式。书生种料光居病是寄的们结构，五小物典，滑生？重生鸟内学构，学、结的型以还活5要生类部习与.其习巩鸟结的爱是如原活生结了功颜消固类构线鸟粗形何因的存构腔能色化练适特形护糙态预之结的，肠相是系习于点动鸟？、防一构现你动适否统。飞都物为结蛔。和状认物应与的行是。主构虫课生却为和”其结的与题、病本理不蛔扁的他构特环以生？8特乐虫形观部特8征境小理三页点观的动位点梳相组等、这；，哪物教相，理适为方引些2鸟，育同师.知应单面导鸟掌类结了；？生识的位学你握日构解2互.。办特生认线益特了通动手征观识形减点它过，抄；察吗动少是们理生报5蛔？物，与的解.参一了虫它和有寄主蛔与份解结们环些生要虫其。蚯构都节已生特对中爱蚓。会动经活征人培鸟与飞物灭相。类养护人吗的绝适这造兴鸟类？主或应节成趣的为要濒的课情关什特临？就危感系么征灭来害教；？；绝学，育，习使。我比学们它生可们理以更解做高养些等成什的良么两好。类卫动生物习。惯根的据重学要生意回义答；的3.情通况过，了给解出蚯课蚓课与题人。类回的答关：系线，形进动行物生和命环科节学动价环值节观动的物教一育、。根教据学蛔重虫点病1.引蛔出虫蛔适虫于这寄种生典生型活的线结形构动和物生。理二特、点设；置2.问蚯题蚓让的学生生活思习考性预和习适。于穴居生活的形态、结构、生理等方面的特征；3.线形动物和环节动物的主要特征。

2013年雅思题目汇总(截止到10月12日)

2013年雅思写作真题汇总2013.01.05Task 1: 饼状图Task 2: Some people spend more time reading books, while others prefer to watch TV.The former group are more likely to develop creative imaginations and have a much better grasp of language skills. Do you agree or disagree?2013.01.10Task 1；曲线图Task 2：It is said that work is the most important thing of people's life. Without the success of career, life will become meaningless. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion?2013.01.12Task 1: 柱状图Task 2: In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time. Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?2013.01.19Task 1; 饼状图Task 2: In modern society, fatherhood should be emphasized as much as motherhood. Do you agree or disagree?2013.02.02Task 1: 柱状图Task 2: Some people say watching television is bad for Children in all ways, others say it is good for children to get knowledge.2013.02.14Task 1：地图题Task 2：Some people think young people should be free to choose his or her job，but other people think they should be realistic and think more about their future. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.16Task 1：柱状图Task 2：Some people think all lawbreakers should be taken in to prison, others believe that there are better alternatives, (for example, being work to do which is beneficial for local community). Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.02.23Task 1: 流程图Task 2：Not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. What's the reasons for this problem? What's the effects to the society?2013.03.02Task 1：柱状图Task 2：Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom. Do you think the advantages of this development overweight the disadavantages?2013.03.09Task 1：柱状图Task 2：Some think that people should go to college or university to prepare for a successful career. Others believe that they should get a job immediately after they leave school to get more work experience. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.2013.03.14Task 1：表格Task 2：It is more important for a building to serve a purpose than to look beautiful. Architects shouldn’t worry about producing building as a work of art. Do you agree or disagree ?2013.03.23Task 1: 曲线图Task 2: Scientific progress influences our daily life greatly. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?2013.04.06Task 1: 曲线图Task 2: 100 years ago, human race believed we would make continue progress in all areas of life. Today, some people feel less certain about this. what areas of progress human race has made? What else areas we haven't developed?2013.04.13Task 1: 柱状图Task 2: As countries develope, their populations tend to live individually or in a small family units. In your opinion, what is this cause and what are the effects on society.2013.04.18Task 1: 柱状图+表格图Task 2：Some people think that it is acceptable to use animals in medical research for the benefit of human beings, while other people argue that it is wrong.2013.04.27Task 1：地图题Task 2：Some people think that older schoolchildren should learn wide range subjects and developknowledge, other people think that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details.2013.05.11Task 1：曲线图Task 2: Today, the qualities of life of people in big cities are worse. What are the causes of this problem? Any measures should be taken to solve it?2013.05.16Task 1: 表格Task 2: People nowadays are surrounded by all kinds of advertising. Advertising affects what people think is important and sometimes has a negative influence on people’s lives. o what extent do you agree or disagree?2013.05.18Task 1: 地图题Task 2: Some people think all children learn history in school is important; some others think learning subjects more relevant to life is important. Discuss both views and give your opinion.2013.05.25Task 1: 柱状图+表格Task 2: Some people think government should not spend money on supporting artists and money should be spent on more important things. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2013.06.06Task 1: 饼状图Task 2: It is a government’s responsibility to provide financial sup port to old people after they retire or individuals should save money for themselves.Discuss both views and give your own opinion2013.06.08Task 1: 两个饼状图+一个柱状图Task 2: Nowadays people are encouraged to buy more and more consumer products. Some people think it is good for the economy.However,others think it does great harm to the whole society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2013.06.15Task 1: 柱状图Task 2: Some people think that parents have a great influence on their children, others believe that the media is a bigger influence。

【雅思】北京朗阁2013年7月13日雅思阅读考题回顾

相关英文原文阅读
The fish of the deep-sea are among the strangest and most elusive creatures on Earth. In this deep unknown lie many unusual creatures that have yet to be studied. Since many of these fish live in regions where there is no naturalillumination, they cannot rely solely on their eyesight for locating prey and mates and avoiding predators; deep-sea fish haveevolvedappropriately to the extreme sub-photicregion in which they live. Many of these organisms are blind and rely on their other senses, such as sensitivities to changes in local pressure and smell, to catch their food and avoid being caught. Those that aren’t blind have large and sensitive eyes that can usebioluminescentlight. These eyes can be as much as 100 times more sensitive to light than human eyes. Also, to avoid predation, many species are dark to blend in with their environment.

剑桥雅思真题13-阅读Test 1(附答案)

剑桥雅思真题13-阅读Test 1（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Case Study: Tourism New Zealand websiteNew Zealand is a small country of four million inhabitants, a long-haul flight from all the major tourist-generating markets of the world. Tourism currently makes up 9% of the country's gross domestic product, and is the country's largest export sector. Unlike other export sectors, which make products and then sell them overseas, tourism brings its customers to New Zealand. The product is the country itself - the people, the places and the experiences. In 1999, Tourism New Zealand launched a campaign to communicate a new brand position to the world. The campaign focused on New Zealand's scenic beauty, exhilarating outdoor activities and authentic Maori culture, and it made New Zealand one of the strongest national brands in the world.A key feature of the campaign was the website , which provided potential visitors to New Zealand with a single gateway to everything the destination had to offer. The heart of the website was a database of tourism services operators, both those based in New Zealand and those based abroad which offered tourism services to the country. Any tourism-related business could be listed by filling in a simple form. This meant that even the smallest bed and breakfast address or specialist activity provider could gain a web presence with access to an audience of long-haul visitors. In addition, because participating businesses were able to update the details they gave on a regular basis, the information provided remained accurate. And to maintain and improve standards, Tourism New Zealand organised a scheme whereby organisations appearing on the website underwent an independent evaluation against a set of agreed national standards of quality. As part of this, the effect of each business on the environment was considered.To communicate the New Zealand experience, the site also carried features relating to famous people and places. One of the most popular was an interview with former New Zealand All Blacks rugby captain Tana Umaga. Another feature that attracted a lot of attention was an interactive journey through a number of the locations chosen for blockbuster films which had made use of New Zealand's stunning scenery as a backdrop. As the site developed, additional features were added to help independent travellers devise their own customised itineraries. To make it easier to plan motoring holidays, the site catalogued the most popular driving routes in the country, highlighting different routes according to the season and indicating distances and times.Later, a Travel Planner feature was added, which allowed visitors to click and 'bookmark' places or attractions they were interested in, and then view the results on a map. The Travel Planner offered suggested routes and public transport options between the chosen locations. There were also links to accommodation in the area. By registering with the website, users could save their Travel Plan and return to it later, or print it out to take on the visit. The website also had a 'Your Words' section where anyone could submit a blog of their New Zealand travels for possible inclusion on the website.The Tourism New Zealand website won two Webby awards for online achievement and innovation. More importantly perhaps, the growth of tourism to New Zealand was impressive. Overall tourismexpenditure increased by an average of 6.9% per year between 1999 and 2004. From Britain, visits to New Zealand grew at an average annual rate of 13% between 2002 and 2006, compared to a rate of 4% overall for British visits abroad.The website was set up to allow both individuals and travel organisations to create itineraries and travel packages to suit their own needs and interests. On the website, visitors can search for activities not solely by geographical location, but also by the particular nature of the activity. This is important as research shows that activities are the key driver of visitor satisfaction, contributing 74% to visitor satisfaction, while transport and accommodation account for the remaining 26%. The more activities that visitors undertake, the more satisfied they will be. It has also been found that visitors undertake, the more satisfied they will be. It has also been found that visitors enjoy cultural activities most when they are interactive, such as visiting a marae (meeting ground) to learn about traditional Maori life. Many long-haul travellers enjoy such learning experiences, which provide them with stories to take home to their friends and family. In addition, it appears that visitors to New Zealand don't want to be 'one of the crowd' and find activities that involve only a few people more special and meaningful.It could be argued that New Zealand is not a typical destination. New Zealand is a small country with a visitor economy composed mainly of small businesses. It is generally perceived as a safe English-speaking country with a reliable transport infrastructure. Because of the long-haul flight, most visitors stay for longer (average 20 days) and want to see as much of the country as possible on what is often seen as a once-in-a-lifetime visit. However, the underlying lessons apply anywhere -the effectiveness of a strong brand, a strategy based on unique experiences and a comprehensive and user-friendly website.Questions 1-7Complete the table below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.Questions 8-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this8. The website aimed to provide ready-made itineraries and packages for travel companies and individual tourists.9. It was found that most visitors started searching on the website by geographical location.10. According to research, 26% of visitor satisfaction is related to their accommodation.11. Visitors to New Zealand like to become involved in the local culture.12. Visitors like staying in small hotels in New Zealand rather than in larger ones.13. Many visitors feel it is unlikely that they will return to New Zealand after their visit.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Why being bored is stimulating - and useful, tooThis most common of emotions is turning out to be more interesting than we thoughtA We all know how it feels - it's impossible to keep your mind on anything, time stretches out, and all the things you could do seem equally unlikely to make you feel better. But defining boredom so that it can be studied in the lab has proved difficult. For a start, it can include a lot of other mental states, such as frustration, apathy, depression and indifference. There isn't even agreement over whether boredom is always a low-energy, flat kind of emotion or whether feeling agitated and restless counts as boredom, too. In his book, Boredom: A Lively History, Peter Toohey at the University of Calgary, Canada, compares it to disgust - an emotion that motivates us to stay away from certain situations. 'If disgust protects humans from infection, boredom may protect them from ''infectious'' social situations,' he suggests.B By asking people about their experiences of boredom, Thomas Goetz and his team at the University of Konstanz in Germany have recently identified five distinct types: indifferent, calibrating, searching, reactant and apathetic. These can be plotted on two axes - one running left to right, which measures low to high arousal, and the other from top to bottom, which measures how positive or negative the feeling is. Intriguingly, Goetz has found that while people experience all kinds of boredom, they tend to specialise in one. Of the five types, the most damaging is 'reactant' boredom with its explosive combination of high arousal and negative emotion. The most useful is what Goetz calls 'indifferent' boredom: someone isn't engaged in anything satisfying but still feels relaxed and calm. However, it remains to be seen whether there are any character traits that predict the kind of boredom each of us might be prone to.C Psychologist Sandi Mann at the University of Central Lancashire, UK, goes further. 'All emotions are there for a reason, including boredom,' she says. Mann has found that being bored makes us more creative. 'We're all afraid of being bored but in actual fact it can lead to all kinds of amazing things,' she says. In experiments published last year, Mann found that people who had been made to feel bored by copying numbers out of the phone book for 15 minutes came up withmore creative ideas about how to use a polystyrene cup than a control group. Mann concluded that a passive, boring activity is best for creativity because it allows the mind to wander in fact, she goes so far as to (suggest that we should seek out more boredom in our lives.D Psychologist John Eastwood at York University in Toronto, Canada, isn't convinced. 'If you are in a state of mind-wandering you are not bored,' he says. 'In my view, by definition boredom is an undesirable state.' That doesn't necessarily mean that it isn't adaptive, he adds. 'Pain is adaptive - if we didn't have physical pain, bad things would happen to us. Does that mean that we should actively cause pain? No. But even if boredom has evolved to help us survive, it can still be toxic if allowed to fester.' For Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is a failure to put our 'attention system' into gear. This causes an inability to focus on anything, which makes time seem to go painfully slowly. What's more, your efforts to improve the situation can end up making you feel worse. 'People try to connect with the world and if they are not successful there's that frustration and irritability,' he says. Perhaps most worryingly, says Eastwood, repeatedly failing to engage attention can lead to a state where we don't know what to do any more, and no longer care.E Eastwood's team is now trying to explore why the attention system fails. It's early days but they think that at least some of it comes down to personality. Boredom proneness has been linked with a variety of traits. People who are motivated by pleasure seem to suffer particularly badly. Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold. More evidence that boredom has detrimental effects comes from studies of people who are more or less prone to boredom. It seems those who bore easily face poorer prospects in education, their career and even life in general. But of course, boredom itself cannot kill - it's the things we do to deal with it that may put us in danger. What can we do to alleviate it before it comes to that? Goetz's group has one suggestion. Working with teenagers, they found that those who 'approach' a boring situation - in other words, see that it's boring and get stuck in anyway - report less boredom than those who try to avoid it by using snacks, TV or social media for distraction.F Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom. 'In modern human society there is a lot of overstimulation but still a lot of problems finding meaning,' she says. So instead of seeking yet more mental stimulation, perhaps we should leave our phones alone, and use boredom to motivate us to engage with the world in a more meaningful way.Questions 14-19Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, A-H, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.14Paragraph A15Paragraph B16 Paragraph C17 Paragraph D18Paragraph E19Paragraph FQuestions 20-23Look at the following people (Questions 20-23) and the list of ideas below.Match each person with the correct idea, A-E.Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 20-23 on your answer sheet.20Peter Toohey21 Thomas Goetz22John Eastwood23Francoise WemelsfelderQuestions 24-26Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.Responses to boredomFor John Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is that people cannot 24 …………, due to a failure in what he calls the 'attention system', and as a result they become frustrated and irritable. His team suggests that those for whom 25 ………… is an important aim in life may have problems in coping with boredom, whereas those who have the characteristic of 26 ………… can generally cope with it.Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Artificial artistsCan computers really create works of art?The Painting Fool is one of a growing number of computer programs which, so their makers claim, possess creative talents. Classical music by an artificial composer has had audiences enraptured, and even tricked them into believing a human was behind the score. Artworks painted by a robothave sold for thousands of dollars and been hung in prestigious galleries. And software has been built which creates art that could not have been imagined by the programmer.Human beings are the only species to perform sophisticated creative acts regularly. If we can break this process down into computer code, where does that leave human creativity? 'This is a question at the very core of humanity, ' says Geraint Wiggins, a computational creativity researcher at Goldsmiths, University of London. 'It scares a lot of people. They are worried that it is taking something special away from what it means to be human.'To some extent, we are all familiar with computerised art. The question is: where does the work of the artist stop and the creativity of the computer begin? Consider one of the oldest machine artists, Aaron, a robot that has had paintings exhibited in London's Tate Modern and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Aaron can pick up a paintbrush and paint on canvas on its own. Impressive perhaps, but it is still little more than a tool to realise the programmer's own creative ideas.Simon Colton, the designer of the Painting Fool, is keen to make sure his creation doesn't attract the same criticism. Unlike earlier 'artists' such as Aaron, the Painting Fool only needs minimal direction and can come up with its own concepts by going online for material. The software runs its own web searches and trawls through social media sites. It is now beginning to display a kind of imagination too, creating pictures from scratch. One of its original works is a series of fuzzy landscapes, depicting trees and sky. While some might say they have a mechanical look, Colton argues that such reactions arise from people's double standards towards software-produced and human-produced art. After all, he says, consider that the Painting Fool painted the landscapes without referring to a photo. 'If a child painted a new scene from its head, you'd say it has a certain level of imagination, ' he points out. 'The same should be true of a machine.' Software bugs can also lead to unexpected results. Some of the Painting Fool's paintings of a chair came out in black and white, thanks to a technical glitch. This gives the work an eerie, ghostlike quality. Human artists like the renowned Ellsworth Kelly are lauded for limiting their colour palette -so why should computers be any different?Researchers like Colton don't believe it is right to measure machine creativity directly to that of humans who 'have had millennia to develop our skills'. Others, though, are fascinated by the prospect that a computer might create something as original and subtle as our best artists. So far, only one has come close. Composer David Cope invented a program called Experiments in Musical Intelligence, or EMI. Not only did EMI create compositions in Cope's style, but also that of the most revered classical composers, including Bach, Chopin and Mozart. Audiences were moved to tears, and EMI even fooled classical music experts into thinking they were hearing genuine Bach. Not everyone was impressed however. Some, such as Wiggins, have blasted Cope's work as pseudoscience, and condemned him for his deliberately vague explanation of how the software worked. Meanwhile, Douglas Hofstadter of Indiana University said EMI created replicas which still rely completely on the original artist's creative impulses. When audiences found out the truth they were often outraged with Cope, and one music lover even tried to punch him. Amid such controversy, Cope destroyed EMI's vital databases.But why did so many people love the music, yet recoil when they discovered how it was composed? A study by computer scientist David Moffat of Glasgow Caledonian University provides a clue. He asked both expert musicians and non-experts to assess six compositions. The participants weren't told beforehand whether the tunes were composed by humans or computers,but were asked to guess, and then rate how much they liked each one. People who thought the composer was a computer tended to dislike the piece more than those who believed it was human. This was true even among the experts, who might have been expected to be more objective in their analyses.Where does this prejudice come from? Paul Bloom of Yale University has a suggestion: he reckons part of the pleasure we get from art stems from the creative process behind the work. This can give it an 'irresistible essence', says Bloom. Meanwhile, experiments by Justin Kruger of New York University have shown that people's enjoyment of an artwork increases if they think more time and effort was needed to create it. Similarly, Colton thinks that when people experience art, they wonder what the artist might have been thinking or what the artist is trying to tell them. It seems obvious, therefore, that with computers producing art, this speculation is cut short - there's nothing to explore. But as technology becomes increasingly complex, finding those greater depths in computer art could become possible. This is precisely why Colton asks the Painting Fool to tap into online social networks for its inspiration: hopefully this way it will choose themes that will already be meaningful to us.Questions 27-31Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.27 What is the writer suggesting about computer-produced works in the first paragraph?A People's acceptance of them can vary considerably.B A great deal of progress has already been attained in this field.C They have had more success in some artistic genres than in others.D The advances are not as significant as the public believes them to be.28 According to Geraint Wiggins, why are many people worried by computer art?A It is aesthetically inferior to human art.B It may ultimately supersede human art.C It undermines a fundamental human quality.D It will lead to a deterioration in human ability.29 What is a key difference between Aaron and the Painting Fool?A its programmer's backgroundB public response to its workC the source of its subject matterD the technical standard of its output30 What point does Simon Colton make in the fourth paragraph?A Software-produced art is often dismissed as childish and simplistic.B The same concepts of creativity should not be applied to all forms of art.C It is unreasonable to expect a machine to be as imaginative as a human being.D People tend to judge computer art and human art according to different criteria.31 The writer refers to the paintings of a chair as an example of computer art whichA achieves a particularly striking effect.B exhibits a certain level of genuine artistic skill.C closely resembles that of a well-known artist.D highlights the technical limitations of the software.Questions 32-37Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 32-37 on your answer sheet.32 Simon Colton says it is important to consider the long-term view when33 David Cope's EMI software surprised people by34 Geraint Wiggins criticised Cope for not35 Douglas Hofstadter claimed that EMI was36 Audiences who had listened to EMI's music became angry after37 The participants in David Moffat's study had to assess music withoutDo the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this38 Moffat's research may help explain people's reactions to EMI.39 The non-experts in Moffat's study all responded in a predictable way.40 Justin Kruger's findings cast doubt on Paul Bloom's theory about people's prejudice towards computer art.参考答案1 update2 environment3 captain4 films5 season6 accommodation7 blog8 FALSE9 NOT GIVEN10 FALSE11 TRUE12 NOT GIVEN13 TRUE14 iv15 vi16 i17 v18 viii19 iii20 E21 B22 D23 A24 focus25 pleasure26 curiosity27 B28 C29 C30 D31 A32 D33 A34 E35 C36 G37 B38 YES39 NOT GIVEN40 NO。

2013雅思阅读模拟试题与答案解析

Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviourNew evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours， including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences， including sleepwalking， amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders， they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved，” according to the report.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile，has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries， including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep， the body can still move， making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly， and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger，” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection， a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug，the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects，” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder，US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange sideeffects， points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School， director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence， Rhode Island， US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linke d to zolpidem can be easily explained： some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event，” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann， adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the s afety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The wo man’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia？A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem？A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares， hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established？A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13 Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain？11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients？12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups？13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects？Answer keys and explanations：1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning： Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”…3. Not GivenSee para.2 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”：The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile， has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)4. TrueSee para.3 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.5. FalseSee para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.6. Not GivenSee para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained：some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)7. CSee para.4 from the beginning： A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.8. BSee the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The productinformation for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly，and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)9. BSee para.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.10. 674，500 (times)See para.3 from the beginning： Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”： The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (类苯二氮催眠药)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.12. risky consequencesSee para.3 under the subtit le “Hypnotic effects”：Patient advocacy groups … stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.13. Food & Drug (Administration)See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.以上就是新东方网雅思频道为大家整理的2013年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析，非常实用。

2013年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析

雅思考试阅读全面解析及答案(13)

雅思考试阅读全面解析及答案(13)Study Finds Web Antifraud Measure Ineffective1. Internet security experts have long known that simple passwords do not f ully defend online bank accounts from determined fraud artists. Now a study sug gests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional prot ection.2.The study, produced jointly by researchers at Harvard and the Massachuset ts Institute of Technology, looked at a technology called site-authentication i mages. In the system, currently used by financial institutions like Bank of Ame rica, ING Direct and Vanguard, online banking customers are asked to select an image, like a dog or chess piece, that they will see every time they log in to their account.3.The idea is that if customers do not see their image, they could be at a fraudulent Web site, dummied up to look like their bank's, and should not enter their passwords.4.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers tested that hypothesis. In October, th ey brought 67 Bank of America customers in the Boston area into a controlled en vironment and asked them to conduct routine online banking activities, like loo king up account balances. But the researchers had secretly withdrawn the image s.5.Of 60 participants who got that far into the study and whose results could be verified, 58 entered passwords anyway. Only two chose not to log on, citin g security concerns.6."The premise is that site-authentication images increase security because customers will not enter their passwords if they do not see the correct image, " said Stuart Schechter, a computer scientist at the M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory. "From the study we learned that the premise is right less than 10 percent of t he time."7.He added: "If a bank were to ask me if they should deploy it, I would say no, wait for something better," he said.8.The system has some high-power supporters in the financial services world, many trying to comply with new online banking regulations. In 2005, the Federa l Financial Institutions Examination Council, an interagency body of federal ba nking regulators, determined that passwords alone did not effectively thwart in truders like identity thieves.9.It issued new guidelines, asking financial Web sites to find better ways for banks and customers to identify each other online. January 2007 was set as the compliance date, though the council has yet to begin enforcing the mandate.10.Banks immediately knew what they did not want to do: ask customers to do wnload new security software, or carry around hardware devices that feed them P IN codes they can use to authenticate their identities. Both solutions would ad d an extra layer of security but, the banks believed, detract from the convenie nce of online banking.11.The image system, introduced in 2004 by a Silicon Valley firm called Pas sMark Security, offered banks a pain-free addition to their security arsenals. Bank of America was among the first to adopt it, in June 2005, under the brand name SiteKey, asking its 21 million Web site users to select an image from thou sands of possible choices and to choose a unique phrase they would see every ti me they logged in.12.SiteKey "gives our customers a fairly easy way of authenticating the Ban k of America Web site," said Sanjay Gupta, an e-commerce executive at the bank. "It was very well received."13.The Harvard and M.I.T. researchers, however, found that most online bank ing customers did not notice when the SiteKey images were absent. When responde nts logged in during the study, they saw a site maintenance message on the scre en where their image and phrases should have been pictured. The error message a lso had a conspicuous spelling mistake, further suggesting something fishy.14.Mr. Gupta of Bank of America said he was not troubled by the results of the survey, and stressed that SiteKey had made the bank's Web site more secure.He also said that the system was only a single part of a larger security blank et. "It's not like we're betting the bank on SiteKey," he said.15.Most financial institutions, like Bank of America, have other ways to te ll if a customer is legitimate. The banks often drop a small software program, called a cookie, onto a user's PC to associate the computer with the customer. If the customer logs in from another machine, he may be asked personal question s, like his mother's maiden name.16.Rachna Dhamija, the Harvard researcher who conducted the study, points o ut that swindlers can use their dummy Web sites to ask customers those personal questions. She said that the study demonstrated that site-authentication image s are fundamentally flawed and, worse, might actually detract from security by giving users a false sense of confidence.17.RSA Security, the company that bought PassMark last year, "has a lot of great data on how SiteKey instills trust and confidence and good feelings in th eir customers," Ms. Dhamija said. "Ultimately that might be why they adopted it. Sometimes the appearance of security is more important than security itself."(811 words)Questions 1-5 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Please writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the writerFALSE if the statement does not agree with the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage1.According to internet security experts, secondary security measures provi de little additional protection against fraud.2.In the Harvard and MIT study, two subjects didn't log on without seeing t he correct pictures.3.According to Schechter, more than 90% of online banking customers studied logged on without seeing the right pictures.4.The image system is the only security measure that the banks mentioned in the passage have currently.5.Bank of America is the first bank that adopted the image system.Questions 6-13 Answer the following questions or complete the following sen tences by choosing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.6.What is ING Direct and Vanguard?7.What might online banking customers be cheated to give at a fraudulent Web site?8.What may stop online banking customers from using new verification method s?9.The key to online banking security is to verify the ______ of customers.10.Where is PassMark Security located?11.What is the reason why SiteKey is popular among online banking customer s?12.What was used instead of images in the Harvard and M.I.T. study?13.How many security methods are mentioned in this passage?Answer keys1. 第一段"Now a study suggests that a popular secondary security measure provides little additional protection."似与问题文字很接近，但是原文中a popular secondary security measure是指特定的一个措施，而非泛指所有secondary security measure。

雅思阅读考试模拟试练习题及答案解析

雅思阅读考试模拟试练习题及答案解析Time to cool itFrom The Economist print edition1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology: solid, reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century, but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want tocool by evaporating a liquid next to it, and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and, as air conditioners, cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by, for example, a person, and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists, however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down.3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications.4 As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them.He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money, though, may be in cooling computers.5 Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter fora long time. One consequence of Moore's Law, which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months, is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact, it more than doubles, because besides increasing in number, the componentsare getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operationis performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples theheat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last "single-core" desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second.6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly hit 80℃. At 85℃, they stop working. Tweaking theprocessor's heat sinks (copper or aluminium boxes designed to radiate heat away) has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems that divided processing power between first two, and then four, subunits, in order to spread the thermal load, also seems to have the end of the road in sight.7 One way out of this may be a second curious physical phenomenon, the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, thisgenerates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, a significant body of researchers is already working on it.8 The trick to a good thermoelectric material is a crystal structure in which electrons can flow freely, but the path ofphonons--heat-carrying vibrations that are larger than electrons--is constantly interrupted. In practice, this trick is hard to pull off, and thermoelectric materials are thus less efficient thanparaelectric ones (or, at least, than those examined by Dr Mischenko). Nevertheless, Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutionsin North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃. Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller--so small that they can go inside the chip.9 The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator. Last year Apple launched a personal computer that is cooled by liquid that is pumped through little channels in the processor,and thence to a radiator, where it gives up its heat to the atmosphere. To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurichis experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--thepart where the heat exchange takes place. In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers. The old, as it were, hand in hand with the new.(830 words)Questions 1-5Complete each of the following statements with the scientist or company name from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.A. AppleB. IBMC. IntelD. Alex MischenkoE. Ali ShakouriF. Rama Venkatasubramanian1. ...and his research group use paraelectric film available from the market to produce cooling.2. ...sold microprocessors running at 60m cycles a second in 1993.3. ...says that he has made refrigerators which can cool the hotspots of computer chips by 10℃.4. ...claims to have made a refrigerator small enough to be built into a computer chip.5. ...attempts to produce better cooling in personal computers by stirring up liquid with tiny jets to make sure maximum heat exchange.Questions 6-9Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage6. Paraelectric materials can generate a current when electrodes are attached to them.7. Dr. Mischenko has successfully applied his laboratory discovery to manufacturing more efficient referigerators.8. Doubling the frequency of logical operations inside a microprocessor doubles the heat output.9. IBM will achieve better computer cooling by combining microchannels with paraelectrics.Question 10Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in box 10 on your answer sheet.10. Which method of disposing heat in computers may have a bright prospect?A. Tweaking the processors?heat sinks.B. Tweaking the fans that circulate air over the processor抯heat sinks.C. Shifting from single-core processors to systems of subunits.D. None of the above.Questions 11-14Complete the notes below.Choose one suitable word from the Reading Passage above for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Traditional refrigerators use...11...pumps to drop temperature. At present, scientists are searching for other methods to produce refrigeration, especially in computermicroprocessors....12...materials have been tried to generate temperature drops five times bigger than any previouslyrecorded. ...13...effect has also been adopted by many researchers to cool hotspots in computers. A miniature version of a car ...14... may also be a system to realize ideal computer cooling in the future.Key and Explanations:1. DSee Paragraph 3: ...Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops...2. CSee Paragraph 5: The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second.3. FSee Paragraph 8: ...Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃.4. ESee Paragraph 8: Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller梥o small that they can go inside the chip.5. BSee Paragraph 9: To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place.6. TRUESee Paragraph 2: ...paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current.7. FALSESee Paragraph 3 (That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications. ) and Paragraph 4 (As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in moreefficient domestic fridges?8. FALSESee Paragraph 5: Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output.9. NOT GIVENSee Paragraph 9: In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers.10. DSee Paragraph 6: Tweaking the processor's heat sinks ?has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems?also seems to have the end of the road in sight.11. heatSee Paragraph 1: Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.12. paraelectricSee Paragraph 3: Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded.13. thermoelectricSee Paragraph 7: ...the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, asignificant body of researchers is already working on it.14. radiatorSee Paragraph 9: The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator.。

雅思阅读模拟试题及参考答案

雅思阅读模拟试题及参考答案雅思阅读模拟试题 Section 1Passage 1: 旅游业的兴起阅读以下段落，回答问题。

旅游业已成为全球最大的产业之一。

每年有数亿人次的国际旅行，产生了数百万个工作岗位，并为国家经济做出了巨大贡献。

随着人们生活水平的提高和交通工具的发展，旅游业仍在不断增长。

然而，旅游业的发展也带来了一些问题，如环境污染、文化冲突和生态破坏。

Question 1: 旅游业的全球影响是什么？{content}Question 2: 旅游业发展最快的因素是什么？{content}Passage 2: 保护野生动物阅读以下段落，回答问题。

保护野生动物已成为全球关注的焦点。

然而，许多野生动物正面临生存威胁，如非法狩猎、栖息地丧失和气候变化。

为了保护这些动物，各国政府和国际组织已经采取了一系列措施，如设立自然保护区、加强法律法规和提高公众意识。

Question 3: 为什么保护野生动物变得重要？{content}Question 4: 保护野生动物采取了哪些措施？{content}雅思阅读模拟试题 Section 2Passage 1: 太阳能的未来阅读以下段落，回答问题。

太阳能是一种清洁、可再生的能源，有巨大的潜力。

随着技术的进步，太阳能电池的效率不断提高，成本也在逐渐降低。

许多国家已经开始建设太阳能发电站，以减少对化石燃料的依赖并应对气候变化。

预计未来太阳能将成为全球主要的能源来源之一。

Question 5: 太阳能的优势是什么？{content}Question 6: 为什么太阳能电池的效率不断提高？{content}Passage 2: 数字鸿沟阅读以下段落，回答问题。

数字鸿沟是指信息技术在不同群体之间的差距。

这种差距可能源于经济、教育和地理等因素。

数字鸿沟可能导致社会不平等，限制人们的发展机会。

为了解决这一问题，政府和社会组织正在努力提供更多的信息技术培训和教育，以提高人们的数字素养。

雅思阅读UNIT 13 Transport

UNIT 13 Transport W a r m u p - T h i n k i n g a b o u t t h e T o p i c Look at these photos. Talk about them with your partner.1 In your city, do more people ride bikes or drive cars?2 Think about traffic congestion. Are bicycles 'part of the problem' or 'part of the solution' ?Beginning to ReadSkimming to Identify the Author ’s Purpose and Passage Structure Complete the activities below to practise how to do this. Keep to the time limit.Cycling in the City How much time do you spend stuck in traffic, breathing in diesel fumes, as you commute to work or to college every day? Traffic congestion in the big cities is one of the key issues facing city planners these days. It has only continued to get worse, despite the attempts to solve these problems. Expensive solutions such as new flyovers, bus-only lanes and park-and-ride options are all under consideration in many big cities. But these are all car-friendly solutions, What about the humble bicycle?A TIPFor IELTS reading , you need to the able to read QUICKL Y to find the author ’s purpose and the main structure of the reading passage.Cycling is a key way of reducing traffic congestion, and has other benefits as well. It saves fuel, is healthier for the cyclists (if they survive the trip unharmed) and reduces air pollution for all other commuters who walk or travel on other forms of transport. It provides a more cost-effective and efficient use of city space by reducing the need for enormous parking buildings and inner city motorways. Another point is that cycling is a cheaper alternative than car ownership with its registration fees, fuel costs, and regular mechanical expenses. At present, many people drive over relatively short distances that; could equally be travelled by bike. However, often the fear of cycling in heavy commuter traffic keeps such people off their bikes.Take a moment to think about those who risk the dangers of busy city roads on a bicycle. Cyclists are the most vulnerable people in heavy traffic. They move fast, they are balanced on two wheels, and they have no outer metal shell to protect them. If they are on their way to work, they may well be carrying work-related documents in a backpack or pannier, which increases the balance problem. As cyclists are much smaller than vehicles, drivers frequently do not even notice them and accidents are common. Often, especially in hot weather, cyclists only wear light clothing, which means the injuries they suffer are likely to be serious. Even helmets cannot always prevent fatal head injuries.What needs to happen for cyclists to feel comfortable cycling to work? The first major requirement is changing our ideas so that cycling becomes a sensible transport choice and cyclists are safe on the roads. Public education is an essential part of this, to ensure that other road users are more considerate to cyclists and learn how to drive safely when bicycles are sharing the roads. Employers also need to be aware of cyclists' needs. These usually range from secure cycle racks to prevent theft, to the provision of showers and lockers, so people can change from cycling to business clothes once they arrive at work. Larger companies might also find that providing 'fleet cycles' to enable employees to go on errands during work hours is an effective policy.The second major necessity is the development of a safe, convenient network of cycling pathways that link different parts of the city, but ideally are separate from the regular road system. These cycle paths should also allow for some separation of cyclists and pedestrians, as people walking can be badly injured or even killed if a cyclist collides with them. In areas where this is not possible, city streets should have clearly marked cycle lanes with restrictions to prevent drivers from using them.Some cities, for example, Copenhagen and Amsterdam, have made a particular effort to achieve this. They have developed areas that are either car-free (only for pedestrians and cyclists) or 'pedestrian priority', where pedestrians and cyclists have the right-of-way and cars are only permitted to move at low speeds. Planners believe that the presence of cyclists at all hours of the day and evening keeps the city safer. Since 1995, there has been a city bike system in Copenhagen which allows anyone to B C D E Fborrow a bike from one of 110 bike stands around the city for a small deposit. Once the bike is returned to the same or another stand, this money is refunded. There has also been an active policy of establishing bike lanes, adding bike crossings to intersections and reducing the number of car parks to discourage cars in the central city. Currently, about 34% of commuters in Copenhagen cycle to work.GCycling is clearly a healthy and effective alternative to the private car in our congested cities. The greater the proportion of cyclists to other vehicles, the safer cycling becomes. As some forward-thinking cities have 'demonstrated, there are many ways in which local city governments can actively encourage and subsidise cycling as a positive option for commuters. The most important of these require some brave decisions to curb the dominance of the private car, and the gridlock experienced in all major cities shows that such action has become essential.3 Read the first sentence ONLY of each paragraph in the reading passage. Take NO MORE THAN FIVE minutes to do this.What is the main structure of this passage?A A description of types of transport in modern citiesB An analysis of traffic congestion problemsC A discussion of how cyclists are vulnerableD A description of cycling as a solution to traffic problemsPredicting the Content from Topic Sentences4 Look at the following topic sentences which come from the reading passage. The first paragraph, is NOT included. Underline the key words in each topic sentence and then discuss with your partner the likely topic of each paragraph.B. Cycling is a key way of reducing traffic congestion, and has other benefits as well.C. Take a moment to think about those who risk the dangers of busy city roads on abicycle.D. What needs to happen for cyclists to feel comfortable cycling to work?E. The second major necessity is the development of a safe, convenient network ofcycling pathways that, link different parts of the city, ...F. Some cities, for example, Copenhagen and Amsterdam, have made a particulareffort to achieve this.G. Cycling is clearly a healthy and effective alternative to the private car in ourcongested cities.IELTS Type Questions: Reading for Details and for Main Ideas Matching Headings to ParagraphsThe reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. There are more headings than paragraphs.List of Headingsi.Cyclists at Riskii.Necessity for Actioncating Drivers and Employersiv.Reasons for Cyclingv.Planning to Reduce Traffic Congestionvi.Problems of Traffic Congestionvii.Examples of Effective Cycle-friendly Developmentsviii.Safe Cycling Networks1) __________Paragraph A 5)_____________ Paragraph E2) __________Paragraph B 6)_____________ Paragraph F3) __________Paragraph C 7) _____________Paragraph G4) __________Paragraph DMultiple Choice8) Traffic planners are thinking about new solutions to traffic congestion.Which TWO of the following are NOT described in the reading?Choose TWO letters, a-e.a) overbridges for vehiclesb) expansion of road networksc) making streets widerd) special lanes for busese) parking areas for motorists to change to public transport9) The text describes some reasons for encouraging cycling.Which ONE of the following is NOT listed?Choose the correct letter, a, b, c, d, or e.a) to lower the number of cars on the streetsb) to move quickly through heavy trafficc) to lessen pollution of city aird) to provide an option that costs less than using a care) to lessen need for car parks and roads10) The reading passage discusses requirements for cycling to work.Which THREE of the following are NOT listed?Choose THREE letters, a-fa) laws preventing cyclists from carrying documents in backpacksb) education of driversc) action taken by employers to support employees who cycled) laws requiring cyclists to wear helmetse) system of cycling pathways or special lanes for cyclistsf) policies requiring cyclists to wear bright-coloured clothing11) In the examples given, a number of cycling-friendly developments are described.Which TWO of the following are NOT included?Choose TWO letters; a-ja) areas without vehicle accessb) areas where people walking or on bikes have priorityc) free, covered bike parksd) bikes that anyone can borrow and return latere) additional taxes on petrol and dieself) fewer car parksLocating InformationThe passage has seven paragraphs, A -G. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-G, beside the statements below. Note: You may use airy letter more than once. 'You may not need to use all the letters.12) _____Statistics to show that cycle-friendly policies are effective.13) _____ A description of company facilities for employees who cycle to work.14) _____The fact that cyclists are often not noticed by drivers.15) _____Solutions from city planners that favour private cars.16) _____ Reasons why cyclists should not use the same paths aspeople who are walking.17) _____A comparison of the cost of owning a bike and a car. Global Multiple ChoiceCircle the letter fir the correct answer18) The writer's main idea is that:a.) In the future, cars will need to be banned from cities.b). Automobiles are shaping our city planning.c). Cycling is the key to a reduction of traffic congestion.d). Some city governments have encouraged cycling.After You ReadThis section of the reading units will include some activities to help you to understand and practise reading skills that will help you with the IELTS test.5 Match the words above to the meanings below.a. To be at risk of harm __________________________b. Necessary __________________________c. Modern, progressive __________________________d. Happening very often __________________________e. Special, focused __________________________f. Perfect __________________________g. Causing death __________________________h. Crowded __________________________i. Simple, modest __________________________j. Not joined or linked __________________________k. Related to machines __________________________l. Effective, without wasted time or effort __________________________m. Huge __________________________n. Thinking about the needs of others __________________________6 Complete the following sentences, using the adjectives above, or an adverb form if necessary.a.Given that traffic congestion is worsening, official action to encourage cycling hasbecome ______________________.b.____________________ , cycle paths will be divided from the regular roadsystem by walls or hedges.c.Most parking buildings are _____________________________and ugly.d.Copenhagen and Amsterdam are both cities with_______________________policies for cyclists.e.Cyclists are at risk in heavy traffic, as drivers ___________________________donot even notice them.f.Drivers need to be educated to be_____________________________ to cyclists.g.Sadly, a collision between a cyclist and a car is often ._______________________for the cyclist.h.Equally, pedestrians are ___________________________when cyclists andpedestrians share the same paths.Other Vocabulary7 Complete the following sentences, using the target vocabulary above. You will not need all of the words.a. ________________________ means making something bigger.b. An ___________________is another option.c. ________________________ are people moving around on foot.d. A______________________ is a bag on the side of a bike.e. A_____________________ is something that is essential.f. _________________________ are things that limit what can be done.g. The_________________________ of showers means they are made available.h. ________________________ are people who regularly travel to work in the city.i. Diesel ____________________ are the gases from buses and trucks.j. ______________________ are short trips to collect or deliver things.k. Having__________________________ means being the most important. Comparatives and Superlatives8 In the reading passage, there are a number of cases of comparatives and superlatives. Find many as possible and highlight them. Then try to complete the following chart and identify what is being compared in each case.Pronoun Reference9 Consider these parts of the main reading passage. Words, such as it, they, them,this and these, which refer to something previously mentioned in the passage, are in bold.Identify (highlight or underline) which word or words each one refers to.The first one has been done for you –‘It’ refers to ‘traffic congestion’.。

2013年7.13雅思阅读文章

2013年7.13雅思阅读文章The 2013雅思阅读文章 (2013 IELTS reading article) is a significant piece of literature that has been widely discussed and analyzed by students and educators alike. The article covers a range of topics, from environmental issues to social and cultural phenomena, making it a rich source of information and discussion. The article's content is both thought-provoking and informative, providing readers with valuable insights into various aspects of the world around us.One of the key themes explored in the 2013雅思阅读文章is the impact of human activities on the environment. The article presents compelling evidence of the detrimental effects of pollution, deforestation, and climate change, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable and responsible practices. This perspective is particularly relevant in today's world, where environmental conservation and preservation have become increasingly important. The article's discussion of these issues serves as a wake-upcall, urging readers to take action and make a positive difference in the world.In addition to environmental concerns, the 2013雅思阅读文章 also delves into social and cultural phenomena, shedding light on the complexities of human behavior and societal norms. The article offers a nuanced exploration of topics such as gender equality, cultural diversity, and the impact of globalization on traditional values. By addressing these issues, the article encourages readers to critically examine their own beliefs and attitudes, fostering a greater understanding of the world's diverse and multifaceted nature.Furthermore, the 2013雅思阅读文章 provides valuable insights into the interconnectedness of global issues and the need for collaborative solutions. The article emphasizes the importance of international cooperation in addressing challenges such as poverty, disease, andpolitical instability. By highlighting the interdependence of nations and the shared responsibility for creating a better world, the article inspires readers to think beyondtheir immediate surroundings and consider the broader implications of their actions.Moreover, the 2013雅思阅读文章 prompts readers to reflect on the ethical and moral dimensions of contemporary issues. Through its exploration of topics such as human rights, animal welfare, and corporate responsibility, the article encourages readers to consider the ethical implications of their choices and behaviors. This ethical perspective challenges individuals to uphold principles of justice, compassion, and integrity in their personal and professional lives, fostering a more conscientious and socially responsible global community.In conclusion, the 2013雅思阅读文章 is a thought-provoking and multifaceted piece of literature that offers valuable insights into a wide range of topics. From environmental challenges to social and cultural phenomena, the article encourages readers to critically examine the world around them and consider their role in creating a more sustainable and equitable future. By addressing these issues from multiple perspectives, the article inspiresreaders to think deeply, act responsibly, and contribute to positive change in the world.。

2013年4月27日雅思阅读考题回顾

2013年4月27日雅思阅读考题回顾来源：朗阁培训中心编辑：xm 发布日期:2013-05-06 摘要：厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了4月27日雅思阅读考题回顾以及备考建议。

考试日期：2013年4月27日Reading Passage 1Title:Odd and Curious MoneyQuestion types:Matching多选文章内容回顾历史发展类，关于钱币的发展。

第一段先从最早的巴比伦说起，第二段提到了中国的刀币，之后提到泰国的tiger bar钱币（其中还提到一开始有用tiger claw当作钱币流通的，后来由于泰国与西方国家经济贸易的需要政府开始推行并大力生产tiger bar钱币），再之后就提到了日本的money tree和tomo什么的钱币，再后来提到某个岛屿用whale teeth 做钱币，同时它是身份的象征，首领们把它们穿在项链上，而且只有首领能用。

相关英文原文阅读Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, and related objects. While numismatists are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, the discipline also includes the broader study of money and other payment media used to resolve debts and the exchange of goods. Early money used by people is referred to as "Odd and Curious", but the use of other goods in barter exchange is excluded, even where used as a circulating currency (e.g., cigarettes in prison). The Kyrgyz people used horses as the principal currency unit and gave small change in lambskins;[1] the lambskins may be suitablefor numismatic study, but the horse is not. Many objects have been used for centuries, such as cowry shells, precious metals and gems. Today, most transactions take place by a form of payment with either inherent, standardized or credit value. Numismatic value may be used to refer to the value in excess of the monetary value conferred by law. This is also known as the "collector value."Economic and historical studies of money's use and development are an integral part of the numismatists' study of money's physical embodiment.EtymologyFirst attested in English 1829, the word numismatics comes from the adjective numismatic, meaning "of coins". It was borrowed in 1792 from French numismatiques, itself a derivation from Late Latin numismatis, genitive of numisma, a variant of nomisma meaning "coin".[2] Nomisma is a latinisation of the Greek ν?μισμα(nomisma) which means "current coin/custom",[3] which derives from νομ?ζω(nomizō), "to hold or own as a custom or usage, to use customarily",[4] in turn from ν?μος (nomos), "usage, custom",[5] ultimately from ν?μω (nemō), "I dispense, divide, assign, keep, hold".[6][edit]History of moneyMain article: History of moneyMoney itself is made to be a scarce good throughout its history, although it does not have to be. Many items have been used as money, from naturally scarce precious metals and cowry shells through cigarettes to entirely artificial money, called fiat money, such as banknotes. Many complementary currencies use time as a unit of measure, using mutual credit accounting that keeps the balance ofmoney intact.Modern money (and most ancient money too) is essentially a token – an abstraction. Paper currency is perhaps the most common type of physical money today. However, goods such as gold or silver retain many of the essential properties of money.[edit]History of numismaticsCoin collecting may have existed in ancient times. Caesar Augustus gave "coins of every device, including old pieces of the kings and foreign money" as Saturnalia gifts.[7]Petrarch, who wrote in a letter that he was often approached by vinediggers with old coins asking him to buy or to identify the ruler, is credited as the first Renaissance collector. Petrarch presented a collection of Roman coins to Emperor Charles IV in 1355. The first book on coins was De Asse et Partibus (1514) by Guillaume Budé.[8] During the early Renaissance ancient coins were collected by European royalty and nobility. Collectors of coins were Pope Boniface VIII, Emperor Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis XIV of France, Ferdinand I, Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg who started the Berlin coin cabinet and Henry IV of France to name a few. Numismatics is called the "Hobby of Kings", due to its most esteemed founders.Professional societies organized in the 19th century. The Royal Numismatic Society was founded in 1836 and immediately began publishing the journal that became the Numismatic Chronicle. The American Numismatic Society was founded in 1858 and began publishing the American Journal of Numismatics in 1866.In 1931 the British Academy launched the Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum publishing collections of Ancient Greek coinage. The first volumeof Sylloge of Coins of the British Isles was published in 1958. In the 20th century as well the coins were seen more as archaeological objects. After World War II in Germany a project, Fundmünzen der Antike (Coin finds of the Classical Period) was launched, to register every coin found within Germany. This idea found successors in many countries.In the United States, the US mint established a coin Cabinet in 1838 when chief coiner Adam Eckfeldt donated his personal collection.[9] William E. Du Bois’ Pledges of History (1846)describes the cabinet.C. Wyllys Betts' American colonial history illustrated by contemporary medals (1894) set the groundwork for the study of American historical medals.[edit]Modern numismaticsModern numismatics is the study of the coins of the mid-17th century onwards, the period of machine struck coins. Their study serves more the need of collectors than historians and it is more often successfully pursued by amateur aficionados than by professional scholars. The focus of modern numismatics lies frequently in the research of production and use of money in historical contexts using mint or other records in order to determine the relative rarity of the coins they study. Varieties, mint-made errors, the results of progressive die wear, mintage figures and even the socio-political context of coin minting are also matters of interest.SubfieldsMain articles: Exonumia, Notaphily, and ScripophilyExonumia is the study of coin-like objects such as token coins andmedals, and other items used in place of legal currency or for commemoration. This includes elongated coins, encased coins, souvenir medallions, tags, badges, counterstamped coins, wooden nickels, credit cards, and other similar items. It is related to numismatics proper (concerned with coins which have been legal tender), and many coin collectors are also exonumists.Notaphily is the study of paper money or banknotes. It is believed that people have been collecting paper money for as long as it has been in use. However, people only started collecting paper money systematically in Germany in the 1920s, particularly the Serienscheine (Series notes) Notgeld. The turning point occurred in the 1970s, when notaphily was established as a separate area by collectors. At the same time, some developed countries such as the USA, Germany and France began publishing their respective national catalogues of paper money, which represented major points of reference literature.Scripophily is the study and collection of stocks and Bonds. It is an interesting area of collecting due to both the inherent beauty of some historical documents as well as the interesting historical context of each document. Some stock certificates are excellent examples of engraving. Occasionally, an old stock document will be found that still has value as a stock in a successor company. [edit]NumismatistsThe term numismatist applies to collectors and coin dealers as well as scholars using coins as source or studying coins.The first group chiefly derive pleasure from the simple ownership of monetary devices and studying these coins as private amateur scholars. In the classical field amateur collector studies have achieved quite remarkable progress in the field. Examples areWalter Breen, a well-known example of a noted numismatist who wasnot an avid collector, and King Farouk I of Egypt was an avidcollector who had very little interest in numismatics. Harry Bassby comparison was a noted collector who was also a numismatist.The second group are the coin dealers. Often called professionalnumismatists, they authenticate or grade coins for commercialpurposes. The buying and selling of coin collections bynumismatists who are professional dealers advances the study ofmoney, and expert numismatists are consulted by historians, museumcurators, and archaeologists.The third category are scholar numismatists working in publiccollections, universities or as independent scholars acquiringknowledge about monetary devices, their systems, their economy andtheir historical context. An example would be Kenneth Jenkins.Coins are especially relevant as source in the pre-modern period.题型难度分析本篇的多选和配对题难度都有一些大，话题难度也较高。