CH8-音频视频电子简明 2007

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ch08功率放大器及效果器设备教程

得越开，混响声听起来就比较接近回声了，声音很清晰。 • 因此，对于一些延音类的声音，比如合成弦乐，可以使用较小的 diffusion ，
声音就比较漂亮清楚；对于脉冲类的声音，比如打击乐、木琴等，可以使用较大的 diffusion ，混响就比较圆润。有些效果器里也有 diffusion 这个参数，但是具体的定义不太一样。在某些效果器里，diffusion 是指反射声的无规律程度，空间的形状越不规则（例如山洞、教堂里），墙壁越不光滑，反射声音的出现越没有规律，diffusion 越大；空间的形状越规则（例如无家具的住宅、空的教室），墙壁越光滑，反射声的出现越有规律，diffusion 越小。
功率放大器
• 频率响应 • 频率响应反映功率放大器对音频信号各频率分量的放大能力，功率
放大器的频响范围应不低于人耳的听觉频率范围，因而在理想情况下，主声道音频功率放大器的工作频率范围为20-20kHz。国际规定一般音频功放的频率范围是40-16kHz±1.5dB。
• 失真 • 失真是重放音频信号的波形发生变化的现象。波形失真
说是正弦波信号）。经常把谐波失真度为1%时的平均功率称为额定输出功率或最大有用功率、持续功率、不失真功率等。很显然规定的失真度前提不同时，额定功率数值将不相同。 • 最大输出功率 • 当不考虑失真大小时，功放电路的输出功率可远高于额定功率，还可输出更大数值的功率，它能输出的最大功率称为最大输出功率，前述额定功率与最大输出功率是两种不同前提条件的输出功率
效果器设备
• 混响器参数：
• 混响密度（Reverb density） • 这个参数的意思跟 diffusion 差不多，只是是针对早反射之后
的混响部份的。很多效果器并不提供 density ，而是用 diffusion 来控制整个混响。 • 空间大小（Room size） • 设置空间大小参数。不过不同的效果器在这个上面会有不同的算法。另外，采样混响器不会提供这个参数，因为空间大小已经体现在 IR 中了。

网络课件ch08

15
8-3-4 第4代移动通信技术
3. 4G（IMT-Advanced）的主要标准
2012年1月18日， ITU在2012年无线电通信全会上，正式审议通过
（1）LTE-Advanced
（2）WirelessMAN-Advanced（IEEE802.16m）
（3）TD-LTE-Advanced
（4）FDD-LTE-Advance
4. IrDA：利用红外线进行点对点通信的技术
5. HomeRF：家庭区域范围内在PC和用户电子设备之间实现无
线数字通信的开放性工业标准。
6. Wi-Fi：与蓝牙一样，在办公室和家庭中使用的短距离无线技
术。传输速度可达11Mbit/s，覆盖范围可达90m左右。
2024/9/22
第8章无线网络
20
第8章无线网络
8
8-2-3 卫星接入
利用卫星作为中继来转发微波信号的一种特殊微波通信形式。
1. 同步卫星 2. 低轨道卫星
2024/9/22
第8章无线网络
9
8-3 移动通信技术的发展
移动通信技术是建立在无线通信技术基础上的网络通信技术。
8-3-1 第1代移动通信技术 8-3-2 第2代移动通信技术 8-3-3 第3代移动通信技术 8-3-4 第4代移动通信技术 8-3-5 下一代移动通信技术展望
第8章无线网络
4
8-1-2 无线网络的分类
1. 无线局域网（WLAN，Wireless LAN） 2. 无线广域网（WWAN，Wireless WAN) 3. 无线城域网（WMAN， Wireless MAN） 4. 无线个人网（WPAN， Wireless Personal Area Network）

ch-8 无线对讲

第八章无线对讲系统第一节总则8.1.1说明A.无线对讲系统是一个以放射式的双向通讯系统，使用于联络保养、保安、操作及服务的人员，在酒店内非固定的位置执行职责。

B.本系统采用数字中继台与数字手持机相结合的无线对讲系统，整个系统须为一独立400MHz 内部对讲系统。

C.本项目需要申请4个频点，给工程部及保安分队等使用，暂定30 部对讲机。

D.承包单位须负责为本项目系统的设计、供应、安装、测试及试运转以使业主满意之无线电对讲机系统。

E.承包单位须提供完整的布线，包括无线对讲系统所需要的配件。

F.承包单位所提供的设备、仪器、工具、控制配件等必须是最新的型号，替换部件须能够在损坏责任期完结后的五年内提供。

G.所有同一种类的设备及材料须为同一厂家的产品。

而设备的相类似项目必须可互相交换的。

H.设备及系统在接受采用后一年内可能出现的任何由于不正当的手工，设计错误，部件故障所引至的损坏，承包单位必须使系统正常而达到业主满意的程度，而一切费用由承包单位负责。

有关的部件在保养期内一年内更替须提供在替换后一年新的保养期。

I.样本须提交批核，所有设备及配件必须在业主批核后才能订货。

J.承包单位须提供应用于本系统之线管及所需之一切附件，应尽量减少使用线槽，如有必要，亦应包括在合约价内。

K.以下的资料须与议标书一起提交：1. 由当地无线电委员会或有关部门所发给之认可证书。

2. 完整的中∕英文说明书、图纸及规格包括电及所有提供设备的每个项目。

3. 完整的价目表。

4. 两年维修期的推荐部件及其单价。

所有备件须在业主要求时才可订货。

L.放射的网络及无线电接收须有足够的功率可覆盖办公楼的所有地方。

M.系统的操作方式须是当地无线电委员会或有关部门所认可的双频双向自动重复方式。

N.承包单位须与当地无线电委员会或有关部门联络关于系统操作的频率，最大有效功率、频道空间、认可频道、频率容忍度等。

O.本承包单位负责向当地无线电委员会申请不少于6个频点为全局使用。

MR08-MP4

MR08－MP3通用开发板使用说明书Ver1.0（2007-6-20 修改）一、产品概述：众所周知，市场上的便携式MP3音乐播放器，体积小巧，都只设计有几个按键，只能完成歌曲顺序播放、音量加减等。

其他的功能实现都要通过层层菜单进入。

在工业产品上，比如需要精确播放某首歌曲等的应用，使用非常不便。

而MP3产品的设计、生产，还是相当专业的工作，负责设计的工程师必须要有相当的经验，必须花费大量的精力去做方案选型、规划、硬件电路设计、PCB设计、控制软件编程、调试，充分了解MP3解码芯片的技术参数、控制方法、编程技巧，熟悉与MP3相关的技术协议；必须拥有专用的仿真开发工具以及MP3芯片厂家的良好技术支持。

开发周期长、难度大、费用高。

因此对于非MP3专业的工程师以及小批量应用的厂家来说，很难直接实现。

另外，市场上现有的MP3音乐播放器，不管是厂家还是最终用户，都很难根据具体需求做灵活改动。

MP3通用音乐播放器模块就是为MP3工业应用客户、MP3中小批量应用客户度身设计的，模块的特点是带有一个通用的串行（并行）控制接口，设计有握手信号，所有功能都可以很方便的被外部MCU控制。

模块内部已经集成了与MP3播放器相关的歌曲下载、删除、上传、播放、选曲、音量控制、停止、录/放音等众多功能。

有USB接口，可与PC机连机通信。

模块带有按键操作接口，可直接采用按键完成操作。

使用该模块，用户不需要专用的开发工具，也无须掌握与MP3相关的知识，只要有一般单片机的编程知识，就可以在很短时间内设计出具有MP3音乐播放、带录音功能，又有他自己特殊功能的众多产品。

奔流公司是国内最早开发MP3通用播放器模块的厂家，在该领域目前拥有两项国家专利。

早在2002、2005年即成功开发了两个版本的通用播放器模块并实现量产。

公司根据众多客户多年来使用后的反馈意见，于2007年启动开发了最新的MR08－MP3通用开发板，该板实现了众多创新功能：★本方案采用A TMEL的ARM9系统平台，功能强大，扩展性好，可维护性好，性能稳定可靠。

ch8_3多相分解

x[k ]
z1 E1(zM) z1 E2(zM)

E0(zM)

y[k ]
H ( z ) En ( z ) z
M n 0
M 1
n
z1 EM-1(zM)
多相分解
多相分解和FIR结构
x[k ]
R0(zM) z1 R1(zM)

z1 R2 (zM)

H ( z ) Rn ( z M ) z ( M 1 n )
例：试求5阶II型线性相位系统M=2时的多项分量
H ( z ) h[0] h[1]z 1 h[2]z 2 h[3]z 3 h[4]z 4 h[5]z 5
解：
E0 ( z ) h[0] h[2]z 1 h[4]z 2 E1 ( z ) h[1] h[3]z 1 h[5]z 2
H(z) 可以有M个多相分量En(z)表达
多相分解
I型多相分解
H ( z)
H ( z)
k

h[k ]z k
令k=rM+n, n=0,1,,M1, rZ
( rM n )
M 1 n 0
h[rM n]z
r

M 1 n 0
e [ r ]z
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根据I型多项分解
H ( z)
M 1 n 0

En ( z ) z
M
n
记： Rn ( z ) E M 1n ( z ), n 0,1,, M 1
可得II型多项分解
H ( z)
M 1 n 0

Rn ( z M ) z ( M 1 n )
多相分解
多相分解和FIR结构

ch8讲稿-电路原理教程(第2版)-汪建-清华大学出版社

网络函数=
输出相量输入相量
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说明： 1）对单输入适用
2）关于Z和Y(策动点函数)
3）一般情况下，网络函数是复数，且复模和幅角都是角频率的函数
2、频率响应
8-1-3 网络函数与频率响应 2、频率响应
H(j) —
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RLC串联电路的讨论
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wC(t)=CI(201C)2 cos20t =LI2cos20t
w(t) = 0= wL(t)+ wC(t) =LI2 (常数)

Draft revision of Recommendation ITU-R P372-8

Received: 2007 Subject: Question ITU-R 214/3, Recommendation ITU-R P.372-8United States of America, AustraliaDRAFT REVISION OF RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.372-8Combination of Radio noise(Question ITU-R 214/3)IntroductionSection 8 of Recommendation ITU-R P.372-8 describes qualitatively a method for predicting the median and standard deviation of the distribution resulting from the convolution of two or more types of radio noise distributions. It is now known that this method is incorrect. This proposalpresents a detailed description of a more statistically correct method for combining the various radio noise sources.BackgroundRecommendation ITU-R P.372 is widely used in many ITU-R applications and covers theestimation of radio noise from natural and man-made sources over a wide range of frequencies.There are occasions where more than one type of noise needs to be considered because two or more types are of comparable size. This can be true at any frequency, in general, but occurs most often at HF where atmospheric, man-made and galactic noise can be of comparable size (seeRecommendation ITU-R P.372-8, Fig. 2, 10 MHz, for example). In the existing method (Section 8 of Recommendation ITU-R P.372-8) for obtaining the median value and distribution for the sum of two or more noise processes, the resultant median noise power is given by the sum of the median noise powers of the individual noise processes. The standard deviation of the resultant noise is obtained by summing noise powers determined one standard deviation above the median power for each of the noise processes involved, and then subtracting the resultant median noise power from that result. The resultant noise is assumed to be log-normally distributed.INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNIONRADIOCOMMUNICATION STUDY GROUPSDocument AUS 1 3J/-E 26 March 2007 English onlySpaulding and Stewart (Spaulding, A.D. and Stewart, F.G., NTIA Report 87-212 An Updated Noise Model for Use in IONCAP, /pub/ntia-rpt/87-212/index.php ) showed that it is not correct to sum the medians and they developed a method that is more statistically correct. Spaulding and Stewart based their formulas on the premise that the outcome from the convolution of several log-normal distributions can be approximated by a log-normal distribution.However, this approximation sometimes does not hold, for example when the noise power for the noise sources are comparable, or when at least one of the input distributions has a large upper or lower decile deviation. Neudegg (Neudegg, D., Statistical addition method for external noisesources affecting HF-MF-LF systems, Radio Science, Vol 36, pp1659-1667, 2001) has shown that the computed combined median noise power can be in error by up to 12dB. Under the conditions where the atmospheric noise deciles D u D l are large (>12dB), the existing software relating to the combined noise statistics (D u , D l , SigmaD l , SigmaF am , SigmaD u ) can be in error by several dBs at low HF, and in excess of 50dB near 1MHz.In this proposal, the method has been slightly modified and a methodology has been produced that solves those problems.The noise figures for each of the noise sources defined in Recommendation ITU-R P.372-8 (F a values expressed in decibels), are assumed to have a distribution represented by two half-normal distributions each side of the median value F am . The lower half-normal distribution has a standard deviation σl (= D l / 1.282) below the median and the upper half-normal distribution has a standard deviation σu (= D u / 1.282) above the median.The corresponding noise factors (f a values expressed in watts) have log-normal distributions each side of the median. From Section 4 of Recommendation ITU-R P.1057, the mean value (αi ) and variance (βi ) of the f a distribution for the i-th noise source are given by ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+=222exp c cF i ami i σα (watts) (1)⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=1exp222c i ii σαβ (watts 2)(2)where: c = 10 / ln(10) = 4.343. (3)Note that in Section 4 of Recommendation ITU-R P.1057, the parameters m and σ are the mean and the standard deviation of the natural logarithm of the independent variable x , whereas here F ami and σi are the mean and the standard deviation of ten times the common logarithm of the independent variable x , so that cm F ami = and σi = c σ.If the f a values from each noise source are convolved into one total distribution and the individual noise processes are assumed to be independent, then the mean (αT ) and variance (βT ) of the total distribution are equal to the sum of the means and the sum of the variances of each process∑==ni iT 1αα (watts) (4)∑==ni iT 1ββ (watts 2).(5)Since the F a values are normally distributed, their convolution always results in a normal distribution. On the assumption that the convolution of the log-normally distributed f a values results in a log-normal total distribution, the median, F amT , and standard deviation, σT , of the corresponding total distribution of F a values is obtained by inverting equations 1 and 2 ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-=222)(ln c c F T T amTσα (dB) (6)⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+=21ln T T Tcαβσ (dB). (7)The assumption of a log-normal total distribution of f a values is valid only when the number of contributing processes is large, or when one process dominates the others (Spaulding and Stewart, 1987). Since there are only three noise sources considered here, this assumption will break down when they are of comparable strength, with the result that the median value of the total distribution, computed from equation 6, can be less than the largest component median. Experience has shown that this tends to occur when the upper and/or lower decile deviation of one or more noise figures exceeds a value of 12dB, leading to a large value of βT and hence σT .To avoid this problem, when an upper or lower decile deviation of the noise figure for at least one noise component exceeds 12dB, the σT calculated by equation (7) should be restricted to a maximum value of⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=TT T cγασln 2 (dB) (8)where γT is the noise factor for the simple power sum of the individual median noise factors∑=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=ni ami T c F 1exp γ (watts). (9)Software to replace Spaulding's NOIS2.EXE has been developed that not only performs single point noise calculations, but also world maps. It allows atmospheric, galactic, and man-made noise to be combined, or displayed separately. Thus, it can be used to re-create the World F am maps ofRecommendation ITU-R P.372-8 (that came from CCIR Report 322-3). These results have been verified as identical. It also has the ability to choose the method used to combine the noise(Spaulding's modified or Simple power sum). This software is intended to replace NOIS2.EXE.Another modification has been made to the extraction of the D u , D l , SigmaD l , SigmaF am , SigmaD u parameters from Figs. 15c to 38c for atmospheric noise. For a specific season and local time block, these parameters are usually different in the northern hemisphere from the southern hemisphere. Thus, a value for a location just north of the geographic equator can be significantly different (~10dB) from the value just south of the equator. To solve this problem, values are linearly interpolated when the latitude of the location is between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn (+/- 23.5 degrees).ProposalIn order to remove the possibility of unrealistic values of noise when two or more types of noise are combined, it is proposed that Section 8 of Recommendation ITU-R P.372-8 be replaced with the following.8 The combination of noises from several sourcesThere are occasions where more than one type of noise needs to be considered because two or more types are of comparable size. This can be true at any frequency, in general, but occurs most often at HF where atmospheric, man-made and galactic noise can be of comparable size (Fig. 2, 10 MHz, for example).The noise figures for each of the noise sources defined above (F a values expressed in decibels), are assumed to have a distribution represented by two half-normal distributions each side of the median value F am . The lower half-normal distribution has a standard deviation σl (= D l / 1.282) below the median and the upper half-normal distribution has a standard deviation σu (= D u / 1.282) above the median. The corresponding noise factors (f a values expressed in watts) have log-normal distributions each side of the median.The median, F amT , and standard deviation, σT , of the noise figure for the sum of two or more noise processes are given by ⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-=222)(ln c c F T T amTσα (dB) (16)⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+=21ln T T Tcαβσ (dB) (17)where:c = 10 / ln(10) = 4.343(18)∑∑==⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+==ni i ami ni iT c c F 12212exp σαα (watts) (19)∑=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡-⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=ni i iTc 12221exp σαβ (watts 2)(20)and F ami and σi are the median and standard deviation of the noise figures for the component noise sources. For atmospheric noise, these are extracted from Figs. 15 to 38. For man-made noise, they are extracted from Fig. 10 and Table 2. For galactic noise, F am is given by equation (14) and σi is set at 1.56dB (= 3/1.282).The upper decile deviation, D uT , of the noise figure for the sum of two or more noise processes is given by D uT = 1.282 σT (dB) (21)where σT is calculated by using the upper decile deviations of the noise components to compute the σi (= D u / 1.282) in equations (19) and (20).The lower decile deviation, D lT , of the noise figure for the sum of two or more noise processes is given by D lT = 1.282 σT (dB) (22)where σT is calculated by using the lower decile deviations of the noise components to compute the σi (= D l / 1.282) in equations (19) and (20).When an upper decile deviation of the noise figure for at least one noise component exceeds 12dB, the σT calculated by equations (17) to (20), using the upper decile deviations of the noise components, should be restricted to a maximum value of ⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=T T T cγασln 2 (dB) (23)where γT is the noise factor for the simple power sum of the individual median noise factors∑=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=ni ami T c F 1exp γ (watts). (24)Similarly, when a lower decile deviation of the noise figure for at least one noise componentexceeds 12dB, the σT calculated by equations (17) to (20), using the lower decile deviations of the noise components, should be restricted to the maximum value given by equation (23).___________________。

Ch1基本知识_1

高速数字系统设计2008年2月28日第一章基本知识1-1 信号与信号完整性（Signal Integrity）1-2 频率与时间1-3时间与距离1-4集总系统与分布系统1-5-3dB频率与上升时间1-6四种电抗1-7高速数字系统中的电阻、电容和电感元件中国科大快电子学安琪21-1 信号与信号完整性（Signal Integrity）信号：“信号”是一个使用非常广泛的名词。

从信息论的观点出发，信号是信息的一种物理体现，或者说：信号是信息的载体。

广义而言：信号被定义为一个随时间（和位置）变化的物理量。

模拟信号：在规定的连续时间范围内，信号的幅度值可以取连续范围的任意数值。

简单地讲：是指时间和幅度均是连续的物理量。

数字信号：在时间和幅度上都量化后取得的信号。

它是以某种时间间隔依次出现的数字序列。

简单地讲：是指时间和幅度均是离散的物理量。

A/D模拟信号数字信号D/A中国科大快电子学安琪3中国科大快电子学安琪4分析方法：时域和频域时域分析方法：用两维空间内的函数作为信号的数学模型，即时间变量t 和幅度变量f(t)（电压、电流或功率）。

X 轴是时间变量，Y轴是表示物理量的幅度变量。

t －f(t)时域是真实存在的域，是可以实际感知的域。

中国科大快电子学安琪5频域分析方法所谓的频域分析，仍然用两维空间内的函数作为模拟信号的数学模型，描述模拟信号的两个最基本参数是频率和幅度。

采用频率变量（f ）代替时间变量（t ），幅度变量（电压、电流和功率: G(f)）是频率的函数。

X 轴是频率变量，Y 轴是表示物理量的幅度变量。

正弦波是频域中唯一存在的波形，其特征：频率；幅度；相位中国科大快电子学安琪6时域时域-频域的关系)(t f 频域dte tfg t j ωω－∫∞∞−=)()(傅立叶变换ωωωd e g t f t j ∫∞∞−=)()(傅立叶反变换)(ωg 从频谱分析的角度上看，时域中的任何信号, 都可以用若干个不同频率，不同幅度的正弦波信号叠加来表示。

常见集成电路的型号及功能

查看文章常用集成电路型号功能说明2007-07-20 20:33型号----------------------功能ACP2371NI ---多制式数字音频信号处理电路ACVP2205--- 梳状滤波、视频信号处理电路AN5071 -----波段转换控制电路AN5195K -----子图像信号处理电路AN5265 ----伴音功率放大电路AN5274 ----伴音功率放大电路AN5285K ----伴音前置放大电路AN5342K---- 图像水平轮廓校正、扫描速度调制电路AN5348K ----AI信号处理电路AN5521 ---场扫描输出电路AN5551----- 枕形失真校正电路AN5560 ---50/60Hz场频自动识别电路AN5612 ----色差、基色信号变换电路AN5836 ---双声道前置放大及控制电路AN5858K TV/A V----切换电路AN5862K(AN5862S) ---视频模拟开关AN5891K ----音频信号处理电路AT24C02 ---2线电可擦、可编程只读存储器AT24C04 ---2线电可擦、可编程只读存储器AT24C08 ---2线电可擦、可编程只读存储器ATQ203 ----扬声器切换继电器电路BA3880S ----高分辨率音频信号处理电路BA3884S ----高分辨率音频信号处理电路BA4558N ----双运算放大器BA7604N ----梳状切换开关电路BU9252S 8bitA/D----转换电路CA T24C16 ----2线电可擦、可编程只读存储器CCU-FDTV ---微处理器CCU-FDTV-06 ----微处理器CD54573A/CD54573CS ---波段转换控制电路CH0403-5H61 ----微处理器CH04801-5F43 ---微处理器CH05001(PCA84C841) ----微处理器CH05002--- 微处理器CH7001C ---数字NTSC/PAL编码电路CHT0406 ----微处理器CHT0803(TMP87CP38N*) ---8bit微处理器CHT0807(TMP87CP38N) --8bit微处理器CHT0808(TMP87CP38N) --8bit微处理器CHT0818 ---微处理器CKP1003C ---微处理器CKP1004S(TMP87CK38N) ---微处理器CKP1006S(TMP87CH38N) ----微处理器CKP1008S(TMP87CK38N/F) ---微处理器CKP1009S(TMP87CH38N) ---微处理器CKP1105S(Z90231) ---微处理器CKP1301S(TMP87CH38N) ---微处理器CKP1403S ----微处理器CM0006CF---- 数字会聚校正电路CNX62A ---光电耦合器CNX82A ----光电耦合器CPF8598 ----存储器CTV222S.PRC1.2 ----微处理器CTV225S-PRC1 ---微处理器CTV591S.GW3---- 微处理器CXA1545AS TV/A V----多路切换电路CXA1642P -----背景歌声消除电路CXA1686M -----时钟信号发生器CXA1779P ----基色信号处理电路CXP1103S-9919EP ----微处理器CXP750096 ----微处理器CXP85332-108A---- 微处理器DM8361 ----单片集成TV小信号处理电路DPU2553/DPU2554 ----偏转信号处理电路DTI2251----- 数字色信号过渡特性改善电路GAL16V8C ----同步信号变换电路GD74LS10 -----三组3输入与非门GD74LS393 -----双4位二进制计数器GD74LS74A ----双D触发器GM99200B ----微处理器HA11508----- 图像及伴音信号转换控制电路HCF4046B ----低功耗通用锁相环电路HCF4052B ----双4选1模拟开关HCF4053BE 三组2路模拟开关HCT157 VGA信号与TV/A V同步信号切换电路HCT4046AD ----低功耗通用锁相环电路HD14066 ----四组双向模拟开关HD14066B---- 四组双向模拟开关HD14066BP -----四组双向模拟开关HEF4052 -----双4选1模拟开关HEF4053 ----三组2路模拟开关HEF4094 8级移位-存储总线寄存器HIC1015 ---开关电源稳压控制及保护电路HIC1016 ----开关电源稳压控制及保护电路HIC1026 -----保护模块HM4864P-12 -----随机存取存储器HPD6325C D/A-----转换电路HS0038 ----遥控信号接收电路IX0823GE -----微处理器IX1763CEN1 ----单片集成TV小信号处理电路JLC1562BF ----总线控制输入/输出口扩展电路K6274K/D ----图像中频带通滤波器K9450M---- 伴音第一中频带通滤波器KA2107 ---音频控制电路KA2500 ----宽带视频放大电路KA3S0680R ----开关电源专用厚膜电路KA3S0880RFB ---开关电源专用厚膜电路KA7630--- 多路稳压输出电路KB2511B ---数字偏转电路KONKA266(P83C266) ---微处理器KS88C3216 ---微处理器KS88C8324---- 微处理器L7805 5V---固定正稳压器L7808 8V---固定正稳压器L7812 12V----固定正稳压器L78LR05/L78LR05D/L78LR50-MA/L78M05F/L78M05FA/L78MR05/L78MR05FA 5V稳压复位电路L78OSO5FA 5V---可控稳压电路L7912 9V---定负稳压器L7918 18V---固定负稳压器LA2785 杜比逻辑处理电路LA4225 5W----音频功率放大电路LA4261 ---立体声功率放大电路LA4270 6W×2---音频功率放大电路LA4280 10W×2----音频功率放大电路LA4282 10W×2---音频功率放大电路LA4445 ---双声道音频功率放大电路M32L1632512A 同步图形存储器M34300N-587SP 微处理器M34300N4-555SP 微处理器M37210M3-508SP 微处理器M37210M3-800SP 多制式数字音频信号处理电路M37210M3-902SP 微处理器M37210M4-705SP 微处理器M37211M2-609SP 微处理器M37220M3 微处理器M37221M6-065SP 微处理器M37222M6-084SP 微处理器M37225 微处理器M37270MF-168SP 微处理器M37271MP-209SP 微处理器M37274EFSP 微处理器M37280 微处理器M37551MA-0545SP 微处理器M50436-688SP 微处理器M51131L 话筒演唱及混响音量控制电路M5218AP 双运算放大器M52340SP 单片集成TV小信号处理电路M52470AP 三通道4输入模拟开关M54573L 波段转换控制电路M62354FP 六通道8bitD/A转换电路M62438FP SRSM65839SP 数字式卡拉OK信号处理电路M66312P PIP控制电路M6M80011P 存储器M6M80041P 存储器MALF24C01 存储器MALF24C02 存储器MB3110A 超低音频信号处理电路MB81461-12RS 动态随机存储器MC14066BCP 四组双向模拟开关MC141625A 梳状滤波器MC141628 前置亮、色信号分离梳状滤波器MC144110P D/A转换电路MC14577C 双视频放大电路MC33064D5 复位用欠压检测电路MC44608 开关稳压电源电压模式控制器MC68HC16R1(SC43402CFC) 微处理器MCM6206BBE 32K×8bit快速静态随机存取存储器MCU2600 时钟信号发生器MM1031XS 宽带视频放大电路MM1053XS 多路信号高速切换电路MM1113XS 多路信号高速切换电路MM1495XD A/V切换电路MN1515TWE/TWP 微处理器MN152810TTD5 微处理器MN152811TIX 微处理器MN15282 微处理器MN1871675T6S 微处理器MN1871675T7M 微处理器MN1872432TWI 微处理器MN187-681 微处理器MN3868 1H基带延迟线电路MSP3410 多制式丽音解码电路MSP3410B 多制式丽音解码电路MSP3410D 多制式丽音解码电路MSP3410D-52 多制式丽音解码电路MSP3410D-CS 多制式丽音解码电路MSP3410D-PP-B4 多制式丽音解码电路MSP3410D-P0-B4 多制式丽音解码电路MSP3415D-AI I*IC总线控制多制式音频处理电路MSP3463G 音频信号处理电路NE5532N 内部补偿低噪声双运算放大器NE/SE567 音调与频率解码、锁相环电路NE567N 音调与频率解码、锁相环电路NJM2234L 伴音声道控制开关NJM2700L WOW音频处理电路NJW1103 杜比定向逻辑和音色选择电路NJW1132AL 伴音BBE处理电路NM24C04EN 存储器NN5099K/NN5199K 单片集成多制式TV小信号处理电路NP83C266BRNA 微处理器NV320P 数字视频信号处理电路NVM3060 存储器OM8361 单片集成TV小信号处理电路OM8361-VS0469 单片集成TV小信号处理电路OM8839 I*IC总线控制单片集成TV小信号处理电路OM8839PS I*IC总线控制单片集成TV小信号处理电路OM8839PS-K9G216 I*IC总线控制单片集成TV小信号处理电路ONWA KWEC42.2ONWA KWEC44.1OTT531 5V稳压复位电路P83C266BDR 微处理器P87C766 微处理器P87C766BDR(CKP1401S) 微处理器P87C766DT 微处理器PC74HT241P 线性驱动数据缓冲电路PC713F6 光耦合器PCA841P-177 微处理器PCA84C122/PCA84C222/PCA84C422/PCA84C622/ PCA84C822 PCA84C440P/401 微处理器PCA84C641 微处理器PCA84C840P-054 微处理器PCA8516 字符形成电路PCA8521 遥控编码发射电路PCA8521BT 遥控编码发射电路PCF8581P 存储器PCF8582 存储器PCF8589C-2 存储器PCF8594C-2 存储器PCF8598 E2PROM存储器PCF8598C-2 E2PROM存储器PCF8598E E2PROM存储器PCX8598X-2 E2PROM存储器PIP2250 PIP信号处理电路PQ05RF 受控5V稳压器PQ09RD11(78HR09) 受控9V稳压器PQ12RF 受控12V稳压器PQ12RF2 受控12V稳压器S24C08A 存储器SAA3010T 遥控信号发射电路SAA4955TJ 场存储器SAA4955TS 数字式场存储器SAA4956TJ 具有降噪功能的场存储器SAA4961 PAL/NTSC兼容梳状滤波器SAA4977H 倍场频处理电路SAA4981 单片集成16:9压缩处理电路SAA4991WP 运动估算和补偿、降低行间闪烁、变焦和降噪电路。

Pyle PT8000CH 8通道家庭剧场音频源控制器电子辅助器手册说明书

8-Channel Home Theater Amplifier PT8000CHMulti-Zone Audio Source Control,Rack Mount Amp, 8000 WattRead through this user manual before using the product to ensure its correct use. Keep this manual for future reference.The PT8000CH contains the excellent performance and reliability that PYLEUSA products have been recognized for. The PT8000CH features the exibility needed for demanding custom installation applications. It is ideal for use in home theater, stereo, multi-room, multi-zone and commercial applications.For best performance, please carefully read the instructions in this manual.TABLE OF CONTENTSFeaturesFront Panel DiagramRear Panel DiagramSystem Design & Operation Considerations System Design ExamplesDiagram 4 - Multi Room InstallationDiagram 5 - Multi-Zone Installation #1Diagram 6 - Multi-Zone Installation #2Diagram 7- Home Theater/Multi-Room Installation Installation ConsiderationsInstallationOperationTroubleshootingSpeci cations3 4 4 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 18 19 212FEATURESAudiophile DesignSophisticated design and superior internal components result in outstanding sound quality, performance and long term reliability.Advanced ProtectionEach channel is individually protected. If the circuitry determines that a channel must be shutdown for protection, a rare occurrence, only the channel a ected will be turned o . The other channels will continue to play. Once conditions return to normal, the a ected channel will be turned back on and operate as normal. Flexible Input SelectionEach of the 8 channels can be assigned a variety of source inputs. A dedicated input can be assigned to each channel. Each channel can also be con gured to play common signals from the Bus or Auxiliary inputs. This provides the exibility needed in sophisticated custom audio installations.BridgingThe power output of adjacent channels can be combined to provide extra power when needed in certain areas. This is easliy accomplished by ipping a single switch. Individual Channel Level AdjustmentsEach channel has its own level adjustment. This allows the loudness of each speaker to be perfectly matched to its area.Multiple Power Modes and Output TriggerThere are three ways to turn the ampli er ON: constant, trigger and audio sense. This allows the ampli er to operate seamlessly as part of a sophisticated custom installation. A separate output trigger allows the ampli er to activate other components via voltage trigger.3DIAGRAM 1 FRONT PANEL1. POWER SWITCHMaster power switch. Turns o power to ampli er and Power Mode Circuitry.2. POWER OUTPUT LEVEL INDICATORThis is level meter which shows outputs levels of ch 1-2 ch 3-4 ch 5-6 & ch 7-8 condition on the operation. Therefore, you can see output condition thru this master indicator.DIAGRAM 2 REAR PANEL41-2. Main bus inputs allow outputs from receivers, CD players, TVs, or any stereoaudio sources to be ampli ed across all channels for easy multi-roomapplications. Auxiliary inputs allows an addition audio source to be played on any channel that is switched to AUX .3-4. Bus outputs allows the bus inputs to be sent to other ampli ers or a daisy chain without the need for “Y” cable splitters. Auxiliary output allows you to daisychain the input to other audio sources.5. Bridging switch allows you to easily double the power output by coupling two channels together.6. Level controls for each channel.7. Input Selection switch allows you to select between the common bus andauxiliary inputs or the individual channel input.8. One switch allows you to select which stereo Input channel will play through the speaker outputs: left, right, or left and right combined. lf switched to Left + Right, both input channels are combined.9. Gold plated individual channel inputs allow you to connect di erent audiosources to each channel.10. Line signal output11. Voltage Selector 110-220V12. The Power Mode switch is used to toggle between three di erent triggermethods to power up the ampli er.13. 12V output to turn on other devices when ampli er is powered up.Connect to projector screens, powered drapes, or other devices with voltage triggers.14. 12-15V A/C or D/C input to trigger power up with voltage from anotherdevice, such as a receiver.15. Speaker channel output binding posts.16. Speaker channel bridged mode binding.17. 3-Prong removable power plug.18. Fused AC5SYSTEM DESIGN & OPERATION CONSIDERATIONSTo best understand system design and operation of the PT8000CH, it is useful to understand the following terms and features as they relate to the PT8000CH. Multi-RoomA system design that plays the same source at the same time in all rooms.If a change is made in one room, the same changes takes place in all other rooms. For example, if a listener changes from CD to Tuner in the bedroom, the same change will be heard in the kitchen.Note: With the use of volume controls or speaker switchers the volume of each room can be controlled separately of the other rooms.Multi-ZoneA system design that allows di erent sources to be played in each room. A change in one room can be made without changing the other rooms. For example the CD player can be heard in the bedroom while the kitchen is playing the tuner. BridgingThe combining of 2 channels to create one mono channel. It is useful when more volume is needed in a particular area.SourceComponent, audio or video, that provides an audio signal. Examples are CD, VCR, DVD, tape deck and tuner. The source provides the audio information that is ampli ed by the PT8000CH.ChannelA distinct unit of the ampli er that provides output to one speaker. On thePT8000CH the input to each channel can be con gured to select from the BUS INPUT, the AUX INPUT or that channel’s unique CHANNEL INPUT. Two adjacent channels can be bridged to provide higher power to one speaker.Level ControlsAllows any of the channels to be adjusted independently to raise or lower the output of each channel. This may be used to control the speaker output in order to balance di erent rooms or areas of the system.6BUS* AUX* LINE SwitchAllows each channel to play a variety of di erent inputs. Depending on the switch position the channel ampli es the signal connected to the BUS input, the AUX input, or its own LINE input.R R + L L SwitchWhen either a BUS or AUX input is selected, this switch is used to direct the channel to play the left signal from the input “L” or the right signal from the input “R”, or a combined right and left signal from the input “R+L”.Bus InputAllows the signal from a source to be distributed to any of the 12 channels on the ampli er.Auxiliary InputsAllows the signal from a secondary source to be distributed to any of the 12 channels of the ampli er.Power Mode SelectionThere are three ways to turn the ampli er on and o . Use the following list to decide which mode will work best for your application. See Diagram 3 below. 1. ConstantUse this selection when you wish to manually turn the ampli er on and o byusing the front mounted power button.2. TriggerUse this selection if you wish the ampli er turn on when it receives voltage(12-15V A/C or D/C) from an external source and turn o once that voltage has stopped. Some components have voltage outputs that are designed for this use. In addition there are devices that can be used as part of an automated system that will provide voltage to enable the mode. The voltage source must beconnected to the trigger-input jack on the back of the ampli er.3. Audio SenseUse this selection when you want the ampli er to turn on when the ampli er’s main input receives an audio signal. At the moment that either the left or right input jacks receive a signal the ampli er is turned on. Once the signal stops the ampli er waits 3 minutes and then turns o .78DIAGRAM 3: POWER MODE SELECTIONSYSTEM DESIGN EXAMPLESThere are many ways to con gure the PT8000CH ampli er. The following pages contain some typical installation examples. Use these examples to generate ideas for your system design.Multi-Room Installation Example (Diagram 4)This illustrates the simplest use of the PT8000CH, distributing audio throughout the home. In this example only one source can be selected at a time, all pairs of speakers have the same audio signal available. The Input Selection switch is set to “BUS” on all channels. Adjacent channels are assigned left and right.Multi-Zone Example #1 (Diagram 5)This illustrates the simplest way to provide an audio signal to one area that is independent of the main audio signal. Zone 2 uses a CD player connected to just that Zone. The rest of the system operates Zone 1 and is connected to the preampli er/receiver. The Input Selection switch on channels 1-10 is set to “BUS” with adjacent channels assigned left and right. The Input Selection Switch on channels 11 and 12 are set to “LINE”.Multi-Zone Example #2 (Diagram 6)This illustrates the ability to listen to di erent audio signals in each zone, indepen-dent of every other zone. The system relies on a multi-zone preampli er or up to 6 independent preampli ers.The Input Selection switch on each channel is set to “LINE”12-15V AC/DC TRIGGER INPUT 12-15V AC/DCTRIGGER INPUT 12V CONTROL OUTPUTAUDIO SENSE CONSTANT2.1mm x 5.5mm Power Input Jack Mode Switch3.5mm Power Output JackHome Theater / Multi-Room Example (Diagram 7)This con guration allows the user to access the sources connected to a home theater receiver for use in a multi-room installation. It relies on the home theater receiver having a multi-room or similar output.The Input Selection switch on each channel is set to “BUS” with adjacent channels assigned left and right.DIAGRAM 4 MULTI ROOM INSTALLATION9 10DIAGRAM 5 MULTI ZONE INSTALLATION #1DIAGRAM 6 MULTI ZONE INSTALLATION #21112DIAGRAM 7 HOME THEATER/MULTI ROOM INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONSDO:• Place the amplifier with the feet resting on a solid flat level surface.• Place the amplifier in a well-vented area to provide proper cooling. In areas thatlack proper ventilation, such as tight cabinets or racks, it may be necessary toinstall small fans to create air movement.DON’T:• Don’t block the ventilation holes on the top or bottom of the amplifier.Never place it on carpeting or similar material.• Don’t place the ampli er in any other position other than horizontal with the feet down. Never place on its side or resting on the back where the terminals arelocated.• Don’t the amplifier near heat sources, or in an area that it would be exposed tomoisture.YOU SHOULD KNOW• The power supply is very large and therefore may cause a hum to be heard insome components if they are placed very close to the ampli er.13INSTALLATIONCAUTION: All connections and switching must be done with the ampli er’s master power switch positioned to “o ”.Select the Power Mode SelectionRefer to the Power Mode Selection area under installation considerations to determine which setting to use to turn the ampli er on. Once you have determined which mode you will be using set the switches as outlined in the following chart:14Selecting Inputs (See Diagrams 8 & 9)Each channel is capable of delivering the source from many inputs. The three main inputs are BUS, AUX and LINE IN. The selection for these inputs is donevia the Input Selection switch, marked “BUS-AUX-LINE”. To select a source for each channel, follow the steps below:1. Select the desired source input. Set the Input Selection switch to BUS (will playsource connected to the BUS INPUT), AUX (will play source connected to theAUX INPUT) or LINE (will play source connected to the LINE IN).Diagram 8BUS.AUX.LINE2. The BUS and AUX inputs each have a left and right input. The left, right orcombined left and right signal from these may be selected via the switchmarked “R R+L L”. Select the side you want the channel to deliver. Selecting “R” ± will play the right channel of the selected input. Selecting “L” will play the leftchannel of the selected input. Selecting “R+L” will play the combined signals ofright and left.Diagram 9R R+L RSelecting Bridge Mode (See Diagram 10)Under normal operation, this should be left in the 8 ohm position. It is sometimes desirable to combine two channels into one through bridging. The output of the combined channels can then be used to power one speaker.To bridge two adjacent channels rst make sure that the Impedance Switch isin the 8ohm position. Next move the switch marked “BRIDGE” to the “ON” position.1516The speaker must be connected to the terminals immediately under the “BRIDGED” text as indicated in Diagram 10. All input selection and settings for the bridged channels will be done on the channel to the left.Do not connect more than one speaker to the outputs of the bridged channel.Control OutputThe 12V output jack on the back of the ampli er can be used to turn on a variety of components equipped to be activated when they receive a 12V DC output. Voltage is only delivered to the jack when the ampli er is “on” or active. When the ampli er turns o , the voltage ceases.Before connecting another device to the 12 output please make sure that the device can accept 12V DC at 150ma. To connect the output to another device you must access the output jack with a two-conductor plug that ts into the 3.5mm jack. Be aware that the tip of the plug will be (+). If you are unsure about using this feature please contact an authorized PYLEUSA dealer for assistance.Connecting the Speaker WiresCAUTION:Only make connections when the ampli er is turned o .Wires to speakerUsing Standard Connections (See Diagram 11)For best performance use high quality speaker cables. The banana plug outputs on the back of the ampli er allow for a variety of ways to connect your speakers to the ampli er.Diagram 11: Binding Post DetailOnly make connections when the ampli er is turned o . application.Audio OutputsSources connected to the “BUS” or “AUX” inputs can be forwarded to other components or ampli ers by connecting to the corresponding output sectionsto the right of each input section. By using standard audio patch cables, you can connect these outputs to the inputs of another ampli er. Up to 5 ampli ers canbe daisy-chained together.AC PowerPlug the socket of the AC cord supplied with the ampli er into the receptacle on the rear of the ampli er. Plug the 2 prong plug directly into a 120V 60Hz wall outlet. CAUTION: Do not plug the ampli er into the preampli er or receivers switched outlet. If you wish to have the ampli er turn on once the preampli er or receiveris activated, use one of the turn on modes, voltage or audio.Turn to tightenInsert Banana Plug17OPERATIONSee Diagram 1for the location of the following:Power SwitchThe switch marked “Power” on the front panel of the ampli er will turn o all ampli er circuitry no matter which turn on mode is selected.Refer to the “Power Mode Selection” section for further information.Active LEDWhen lit, the Active LED indicates that the ampli er is operating. Refer to the “Power Mode Selection” section of this manual for further information. Protection LEDsWhen lit the “Protection” LEDs located on the front of the ampli er indicate that either a fault in the wiring, the speaker, or the ampli er has caused the channels associated with the LED to shut down.Level Adjustment KnobsThe level adjustment knobs on the back panel of the ampli er can be used to adjust the level of each channel. There are many reasons for needing to adjust the level. You many wish to closely match other levels in the system, or you may wish to limit the volume level in an area, such as a child’s room.18TROUBLESHOOTINGThe ampli er is designed to function trouble-free. Most problems occur becauseof operating errors. If you have a problem please check the troubleshooting listrst. If the problem persists, contact your authorized dealer.19This product can expose you to a chemical or group of chemicals, which may include “Nickel Carbonate” which is known in the state of California to cause cancer, birth defects,or other reproductive harm. For more info, go to https:/// 20FEATURES:• Multi-Zone Audio Source Ampli er System• High-Powered & Distortion-Free Audio Distribution• 8-Channel Sound Processing Amp Design• Integrated 4-Channel Bridgeable (Bridge) Switches• Front Panel Color LED Graphic Audio Level Display• Independent Channel Rotary Level Control Knobs• Channel Con guration: Left/Right/Mono - Bus/AUX Input• Gold-Plated Audio/Speaker Connectors• 5-Way Speaker Binding Posts (Banana Plug) Outputs• Pass-Through Output for External Ampli er Linking (Daisy-Chaining)• Individual Channel Safety with Protection & Overload Circuitry• Master Power Button, ON/OFF• Universal Rack Mount Compatibility• Perfect for Home Theaters & Multi-Room Audio Control• Used in Home, O ce & Business ApplicationsWHAT’S IN THE BOX:• 8-Channel Ampli er• Power CableTECHNICAL SPECS:• MAX Power Output: 8-Ch. x 1000 Watt• RMS Power Output: 100W x 8-Ch @ 8Ohm• T.H.D.: <1%• Rack Mountable: 4U Rack Space• Power: 115/230V Switchable (DC 12-15V)• Dimension (W x D x H): 19.0'' x 19.3'' x 7.1''21Questions? Issues?We are here to help! Phone: (1) 718-535-1800Email: *******************。

计算机网络 CH8-5ed 音频视频

IP 电话的端到端时延
(1) 话音信号进行模数转换要经受时延。 (2) 话音比特流装配成话音分组的时延。 (3) 话音分组的发送需要时间，此时间等于话音分组长度与通信线路的数据率之比。 (4) 话音分组在因特网中的存储转发时延。 (5) 话音分组在接收端缓存中暂存所引起的时延。 (6) 话音分组还原成模拟话音信号的时延。 (7) 话音信号在通信线路上的传播时延。 (8) 终端设备的硬件和操作系统产生的接入时延。
必须改造现有的因特网

大量使用光缆和高速路由器，网络的时延和时延抖动就可以足够小，在因特网上传送实时数据就不会有问题。把因特网改造为能够对端到端的带宽实现预留 (reservation)，把使用无连接协议的因特网转变为面向连接的网络。部分改动因特网的协议栈所付出的代价较小，而这也能够使多媒体信息在因特网上的传输质量得到改进。
IP 电话网关的几种连接方法
PC 到 PC
因特网
PC 到固定电话机
因特网
IP 电话网关公用电话网
固定电话机到固定电话机
公用电话网电路交换 IP 电话网关因特网分组交换 IP 电话网关公用电话网电路交换
IP 电话的通话质量

IP 电话的通话质量主要由两个因素决定。一个是通话双方端到端的时延和时延抖动，另一个是话音分组的丢失率。但这两个因素是不确定的，是取决于当时网络上的通信量。经验证明，在电话交谈中，端到端的时延不应超过 250 ms，否则交谈者就能感到不自然。
8.2 流式存储音频/视频

传统的下载文件方法
客户机服务器

浏览器
GET: 音频/视频文件
RESPONSE

松下 AG-MX70MC数字音视频切换台说明书

MC4:2:2:4 图像质量，三维数字特技术，串行数字输入输出接口，字幕标题动画——操作简单，高性能价格比A G -M X 70 D i g i t a l A /V M i x e rAG-MX70 数字音视频切换台，是一款一体化2路总线, 8路输入数字视频切换台，具有高级技术指标的多功能数字视频特技和多路音频调音台。

AG-MX70 提供广播级4:2:2:4 数字分量图像质量，超过600种特技图案和30帧图形存储器用于卷边，划像和标志动画以及利用个人电脑下载字符或图像文件。

带有矩阵菜单的大液晶显示屏幕提供的交互操作界面可以保证快捷轻松的操作。

AG-MX70还提供了三维数字特技选件和SDI 接口板, 此切换台非常适用于数字化后期制作。

多功能的AG-MX70 切换台，无论是在数字编辑系统里与DVCPRO 录像机连接，还是在制作机房或现场用作切换台都可大显身手。

4:2:2:4 数字处理，16:9 划像图案AG-MX70 提供高质量的4:2:2:4数字分量信号处理，既能满足16:9也可以使用4:3的图像划像进行后期编辑制作的需要。

醒目的LCD 屏幕, 矩阵菜单醒目的LCD 显示屏使您方便地监测系统运行状态，具有 5 个旋钮操作的矩阵菜单和5 行屏幕显示，使AG-MX70 的大量功能易于操作。

此菜单和操作面板上的按键连在一起，自动切换显示必要的设置，使操作非常简便同时减少设置的步骤。

2D 和3D 视频特技设计超过600 个2D 数字特技效果包括切换、键图案、马赛克、油画、拖尾和多画面数字特级－－多功能的AG-MX70具备多种专业需要的功能，产生专业的制作效果。

AG-VE70MC 的3D数字特级板提供超过1600多三维数字特技，包括卷页、水波纹和水晶效果。

2D 和3D 特技可以组合创造复杂的图像表现，与其他多种切换台相比，更具竞争力。

卷边,划像和标题动画MX-Navi 功能使您方便地通过USB 接口下载图形文件(TGA,BMP, JPEG)与其他图形文件完成复杂的画面。

CH技术基础PPT课件

20世纪上世纪80年代
真空电子管计算机晶体管计算机
集成电路电子计算机
大规模和超大规模集成电路电子计算机开始智能计算机（处于研究阶段）
2
2.1 计算机硬件及软件
2、计算机系统(强调计算机是一个系统) 类型：
大型机：特点：具有强有力的传输数据和处理数据能力，具有大容量的内外存，大型机采用专用的操作系统等。适用范围：大型计算机可以做联机中央计算机，批处理计算机。
操作系统具备两大功能：系统资源的管理者、用户与计算机之间的接口操作系统软件的版本：
单机版：Windows9x、Windows2000、 WindowsXP、 Windows2003、Linux、Unix…… 网络版：Novell、Windows NT…...
11
2.1 计算机硬件及软件
2、数据库管理软件（Database Management System， DBMS）
在大型商场、银行、航空公司订票订票处理机构、国民经济管理部门中，一般都需要采用大型机做后台服用处理。我国的银河计算机。
3
2.1 计算机硬件及软件
小型机特点：专用操作系统，常采用多CPU结构，具有较大容量的内在和多台大容量硬盘，数据处理功能较强，实时处理性能比较好等。适用范围：作为联机事务处理系统有服务器，或作为有较大数据流量的局域网服务器。
应用软件是直接面向最终用户的具体应用软件。以操作系统为基础，用程序设计语言编写，或用数据库管理系统构造，用于满足用户的各种具体要求。
通用应用软件：专用应用软件：
通用应用软件：Microsoft Office 、用友财务软件
专用应用软件：为某公司定制的人力资源管理信息系统
13
2.2 数据库技术

视音频压缩卡介绍.

视音频压缩卡介绍
1704HC/1708HC/1716HS 1704HT/1708HT 1704HF/1708HF 1704HF+ 1702MD/1708MD
恒亿电子
板卡种类
硬压缩卡软压缩卡
如何辨别：图像压缩的完成方式 •软压缩卡：通过PC机完成 •硬压缩卡：通过专有芯片完成
安防制造(中国)有限公司
安防制造(中国)有限公司
恒亿电子
1704HT/1708HT
音频参数音频压缩标准：G.726 音频采样频率：8KHz 音频输入： 4/8路语音输入，RCA插座
安防制造(中国)有限公司
恒亿电子
1704HT/1708HT

产品功能硬件滤波:具有多级硬件滤波和De-interlace功能，使图像质量得到有效的提高。叠加功能:支持硬件字符、时间叠加，能支持Logo叠加和局部马赛克遮挡。灰度 OSD时，支持自适应背景亮度变化来调节OSD字体亮度的功能。移动检测:支持多窗口、多区域、不占系统资源，多灵敏度的移动检测。报警功能:支持视频丢失报警。加密功能:支持安全达到金融级的板载加密功能，提供唯一的识别卡号。抓图功能:支持原始图像捕获，JPG、BMP格式存储。实时监听:提供实时音频监听接口编码功能:支持CBR/VBR/HBR工作模式。在HBR模式下，设置码流上限值，噪声再大，码流依然可控；可以动态实时调节亮度、对比度等视频参数。双码流功能:网络传输可采用附码流，更适合窄带传输。在网络性能较差时也能做到实时、不丢帧。
安防制造(中国)有限公司
恒亿电子
1704HC/1708HC/1716HS

视频参数视频压缩标准：H.264 编码分辨率： PAL：352×288（CIF）NTSC：320×240（CIF）视频输入： 4/8/16路复合模拟视频信号，PAL，NTSC制式可调 BNC插座，1.0Vp-p，阻抗：75Ω 视频压缩码率：20K～4M 码流类型：视频流/复合流视频帧率： PAL：1～25帧/秒；NTSC：1～30帧/秒预览分辨率： 704×576，水平线数450，垂直线数400 回放分辨率： 352×288，水平线数300，垂直线数350

XL48 Microphone Pre-amplifier 8 Channel DIGI-LOG M

使用说明书XL48 Microphone Pre-amplifier8 Channel DIGI-LOG Microphone Preamplifier with 96 kHz Converters and ADAT Outputs V 1.0目录重要安全说明 (3)法律免责声明 (3)有限保修 (3)1. 简介 (4)2. 入门 (5)3. 前面板 (6)4. 后面板 (7)5. 连接 (8)5.1 连接器 (11)6. 配置 XL48 (12)7. 使用.XL48 (13)8. 技术规格 (13)9. 信号流程图 (14)10. 服务信息 (15)10.1 日常维护 (15)10.2 清洁设备 (15)10.3 更换电源保险丝 (15)10.4 设备处置 ............................................................................15带有此标志的终端设备具有强大的电流, 存在触电危险。

仅限使用带有 ¼'' TS 或扭锁式插头的高品质专业扬声器线。

所有的安装或调整均须由合格的专业人员进行。

此标志提醒您, 产品内存在未绝缘的危险电压, 有触电危险。

此标志提醒您查阅所附的重要的使用及维修说明。

请阅读有关手册。

小心为避免触电危险, 请勿打开机顶盖 (或背面挡板)。

设备内没有可供用户维修使用的部件。

请将维修事项交由合格的专业人员进行。

小心为避免着火或触电危险, 请勿将此设备置于雨淋或潮湿中。

此设备也不可受液体滴溅, 盛有液体的容器也不可置于其上, 如花瓶等。

小心维修说明仅是给合格的专业维修人员使用的。

为避免触电危险, 除了使用说明书提到的以外, 请勿进行任何其它维修。

所有维修均须由合格的专业人员进行。

1.请阅读这些说明。

2.请妥善保存这些说明。

3.请注意所有的警示。

4.请遵守所有的说明。

MicrophoneArraySignalProcessing--1_Introduction

For these main reasons, we should not be surprised that for some problems, many existing algorithms do not perform well.
A large number of algorithms for microphone array processing were borrowed or generalized (in a very simple manner) from narrowband array processing [51]. The advantage of this demarche is that most algorithms conceived for decades in antenna arrays can be extended without much eﬀorts. The drawback, though, is that none of these algorithms are tailored to work in real acoustic environments. As a result, performances are often very limited. Simply put, microphone arrays require broadband processing. This is the approach taken, in general, in this book.
The aim of a noise reduction algorithm is to estimate a desired speech signal from its corrupted observations that are due to the eﬀects of an unwanted additive noise. Many techniques based on a single microphone already exist [16], [154], [156]. The main problem, tough, with all these single-channel algorithms is that they distort the speech signal [41], [42]. While the speech quality may be improved, the speech intelligibility is degraded. However, with a microphone array, we should be able to reduce (at least in theory) the noise without aﬀecting much the speech signal.