20XX考研英语翻译练习：文房四宝.doc
2020年大学英语四级翻译备考练习：文房四宝
2020年大学英语四级翻译备考练习：文房四宝请将下面这段话翻译成英文：在中国，笔、墨、纸、砚(ink slab)，就是人们所说的“文房四宝”，在中华文明的传承中起了重要作用。
文房四宝不但有实用价值，它们本身也是供人观赏的艺术品，并逐步成为收藏品。
文房四宝品类繁多，丰富多彩，选材制作持续趋于完善、精美，历代都有名品、名匠产生，成为一种深厚的文化积淀。
在当今时代，使用笔、墨、纸、砚实行学习、写作的人越来越少了，但是，在中国的书法、绘画、收藏以及修身养性活动中，它们仍起着不可替代的作用。
参考译文：In China, “four treasures of the study” refers to “writing brush”, “ink stick”, “paper” and “ink slab”, playing an important role in passing on Chinese civilization. They not only have their value of practical use, but also become the works of art for appreciation and collection.There is a large variety of these four treasures. Selectingof materials and making process have become increasingly delicate and perfect. Each dynasty of Chinese history saw famous craftsmen appear and works produced, which is a profound process of cultural accumulation.In contemporary times, “four treasures of the study” have been increasingly rarely used for study or writhing, but they are still playing an irreplaceable role in the field of Chinese calligraphy, painting, collection and in the activities of cultivatingone's mind.。
大学英语四级新题型翻译练习(中译英)
1 红包红包，又叫“压岁钱”，是用红色信封或纸包着钱的红纸包儿。
红包，通常是用于中国农历新年或喜庆时馈赠的礼金。
派:“红包”,是中国人过年的一种重要习俗。
中国人喜爱红色，因为红色象征吉祥与好运，所以, 红包总是用红色的信封或纸来包。
派红包或给压岁钱，是长辈们给未成年的晚辈。
据说，压岁钱可以袪邪压祟，因为“岁”与“祟”谐音，晚辈得到压岁钱，就可以平平安安地度过一生。
Hong-Bao or Red Packet is also known as "a packet of lucky money", or simply "lucky money". Hong-Bao usually refers to a gift of money offered during the Chinese Lunar New Year and other celebrations/Giving or offering a Hong-Bao has been a traditional custom during the Chinese lunar New Year. Chinese people love the colour red as it is seen to represent good luck. A Hong-Bao is therefore usually made of red paper. Hong-Baos are normally given by seniors to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money helps drive away evil, because year and evil spirit sound alike. This means youngsters can protect themselves through the year.2 北京北京是有着三千多年建城史和八百五十多年建都史的历史文化名城。
文房四宝英语介绍
Thank you
Others
Of course, apart from these tools , there are still many other study tools in Chinese study . Such as pen holders, brush holders, trays or seals. Ok, I won’t tell it detailed. If you are interested in it, you can surf it on Internet.
The Chinese Ink Slab
Last but not least , I’ll show you the Chinese ink Slab. The slab , which is regarded as the king of Four Treasures ,was always used for mulling the materials . It became popular in Han Dynasty, while in Song Dynasty ,it was commonly used by ordinary people.
Four Treasures Of The Chinese Study
班级：B15材料成型与控制工程班 小组人员：***nal Chinese writing tools include the writing brushes, the ink sticks, paper and the ink stones. It first appeared in people’ eyes at The Northern and Southern Dynasties . Till now it famous for Lake brush Xuan paper, Huizhou ink , and the Duan ink stone . It represented what we said as “Four Treasures”.
用英文介绍文房四宝
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Ink Stone
Ink Stone
Ink stone is another important tool for Chinese calligraphy. It is a small, flat stone on which to grind the ink stick. Ink stones come in different shapes and sizes, with some being more suitable for large-scale production and others being m
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Rice Paper
Rice Paper
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Calligraphy Brush
Calligraphy Brush
Calligraphy brush is the most important tool for Chinese calligraphy. It is a brush made from animal hair or synthetic fibers that is used to apply ink to paper or silk. The quality of the calligraphy brush is very important for the texture and style of the calligraphy. Different types of brushes have diffe
d calligraphy brush. Each of these items has a unique history and
significance in Chinese culture, and they have been used for thousands of years to create beautiful calligraphy and paintings
短文翻译
原文：—个标准的四合院通常由一个位于中心的院子和四侧房屋构成。
门通常漆成红色，并有大的铜门环。
通常情况下，全家人住在大院。
北端的正房由长辈居住,年轻_代生活在两侧的房子,朝南的房子里, 通常是家庭客厅或书房。
译文：A standard siheyuan usually consists of houses on its four sides witha yard in the center. The gates are usually painted red and have large copper door rings. Usually，a whole family lives in compound. The elder generation lives in the main house standing at the north end, the younger generations live in the side houses, and the south house is usually the family sitting room or study.【翻译练习】清明节的习俗是丰富有趣的，除了讲究禁火、扫墓，还有踏青、荡秋千、蹴鞠、打马球、插柳等一系列风俗体育活动。
相传这是因为清明节要寒食禁火，为了防止寒食冷藏伤身，所以大家来参加一些体育活动，以锻炼身体。
因此，这个节日既有祭扫新坟生别死离得悲酸泪，又有踏青游玩的欢笑声，是一个富有特色的节日。
【词汇突破】清明节：Ching Ming Festival; The Tomb-sweeping Festival 习俗：custom 禁火：fire ban扫墓：tomb-sweeping 踏青：go hiking; spring outing荡秋千：swinging蹴鞠：Cuju打马球：playing Polo插柳：Liu insert寒食：cold food富有特色的节日：distinctive holiday【参考译文】Ching Ming Festival (the Tomb-sweeping Festival), the custom is fullof interesting. In addition to pay attention to ban fire, tomb-sweeping,as well as spring outing, swinging, Cuju, playing polo, Liu inserted a series of custom sports. According to legend, this is because the Ching Ming Festival to Cold Food Observance ban fire, in order to prevent the Cold Food Observance buffet beverages, so we come to participate in some sports, in order to exercise. Therefore, this festival which has both the acid tears of sorrow for the died and the laughter from the players, is a distinctive holiday.【翻译练习】与大多数中国节日一样，元宵节同样有自己的特色小吃，成为“汤圆”(也叫“元宵”)。
文房四宝英语介绍
The Chinese Ink
Before the manual ink invented, almost everyone used natural ink or semi-natural ink as the writing material . Many pictures were made by it ,like the painted pottery .
Till now it famous for Lake brush Xuan paper, Huizhou ink , and the Duan ink stone . It represented what we said as “Four Treasures”.
The Brush
Brush is the traditional Chinese writing or tool , different from the quill-pen used in the western world, it has special functions in ancient China.Like paintig ，writing or so on.
With these unique writing material ancient people created many masterpieces ,suchlike Xu Mo’s ink painting , Huai Su’s cursive script and Yan Zhenqing’s simple cursive.
The Paper
Yeah , I think that everybody here wouldn’t be strange with it . Paper is one of the most famous invention in ancient China , and it contributed to the cultural communication greatly , also , the development of history is closely connected with it.
汉译英 文房四宝
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“文房四宝Four Treasure of the Study”，即 笔、墨、纸、砚，是中国独有的文书工具。用笔 墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用 不同硬度的毛和竹管制成笔；汉代以人工制墨替 代了天然墨；有了纸张后，简牍锦帛（bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk）逐渐失 去了作用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。 “文房 四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔（浙江省湖州市）、 徽墨（安徽省徽州）、宣纸（安徽省宣州）、端 砚（广东省肇庆，古称端州）。它们不仅具有实 用价值，也是融绘画、书法、雕刻、装饰等为一 体的艺术品。
• After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing materials, gradually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty, the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province;
• huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui Province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui Province; and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou). They are, more than of utility, artistic in that they integrate painting, calligraphy, carving and decorat brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone, referred to as the “Four Treasure of the Study”, are writing instruments peculiar to China. The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty, people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty, manmade ink was used instead of natural ink.
四级英汉互译·英语作文120词·中华文化之文房四宝
文房四宝中文：文房四宝（Four Treasures of the Study）也就是笔、墨（ink-stick）、纸、砚（ink-slab）是中国独具特色的文书工具。
“文房”之名，始于南北朝时期（the Northern and Southern Dynasties），专指文人（literati）书房而言。
四宝品类繁多，丰富多彩，以湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚著称，享负盛名。
故宫博物院（the Palace Museum）收藏的文房四宝多为清代（the Qing Dynasty）名师所作，皇家御用，用料考究、工艺精美，代表了我国数千年来文房用具的发展水平。
语言要点：characteristics; refer to; be famous for; collect; exceptionally; exclusively译文：The Four Treasures of the Study, namely the writing brush, ink-stick, paper and ink-slab, are the writing tools with Chinese characteristics. They got their names in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, referring only to the study of the literati. The Four Treasures, varied and colorful, are famous for theirhubi, huimo, xuanzhi, and duanyan. Those collected in the Palace Museum are famous products of masters of the Qing Dynasty, which, boasting exceptionally fine materials and superb craftsmanship, were used exclusively in the Royal Palace, representing the level of development of Chinese writing tools over several thousand years.。
文房四宝的英语作文
文房四宝的英语作文Title: The Essence of Chinese Culture: The Four Treasures of the Study。
In the vast tapestry of Chinese culture, there exist elements that encapsulate centuries of tradition, artistry, and intellect. Among these treasures stand the "Four Treasures of the Study" (文房四宝), revered for their historical significance and symbolic representation of scholarly pursuits. In this essay, we delve into the essence of each treasure and their profound impact on Chinese civilization.First and foremost among the Four Treasures is thebrush (笔). Crafted meticulously from materials such as bamboo, wood, or animal hair, the Chinese brush embodiesthe essence of artistic expression and calligraphic mastery. With a single stroke, it channels the soul of the artist onto parchment, transforming mere characters into works of art. Through the ages, countless poets, scholars, andartisans have wielded this instrument to immortalize their thoughts and emotions, leaving an indelible mark on Chinese literature and aesthetics.Accompanying the brush is ink (墨), the lifeblood of traditional Chinese writing. Derived from soot, resin, and water, ink embodies the essence of simplicity and profundity. When applied with skillful precision, it flows gracefully across paper, giving birth to intricate characters and vibrant landscapes. Yet, beyond its utilitarian function, ink symbolizes the enduring nature of knowledge and the boundless depths of human imagination. From the elegant scrolls of ancient scholars to the meticulous paintings of contemporary artists, ink remains a timeless medium through which culture and creativity converge.Complementing the brush and ink are paper (纸) and inkstone (砚), indispensable tools that complete the quartet of treasures. Paper, invented by the Chinese during the Han Dynasty, revolutionized the dissemination of knowledge and facilitated the flourishing of literature andscholarship. Its versatility and durability have made it a cornerstone of Chinese civilization, preserving the wisdom of sages and the dreams of poets for generations to come. Similarly, the inkstone, with its smooth surface and reservoir for ink, serves as both a practical tool and a symbol of scholarly discipline. As scholars grind ink upon its surface with meticulous care, they pay homage to the timeless traditions of learning and cultivation.Together, the Four Treasures of the Study represent more than mere tools of the trade; they embody the essence of Chinese culture itself. Through their mastery, scholars have transcended the confines of time and space, imparting wisdom and beauty to successive generations. From the graceful strokes of calligraphy to the vibrant hues of traditional painting, these treasures serve as a testament to the enduring spirit of human creativity and intellect.In conclusion, the Four Treasures of the Study stand as an enduring testament to the rich heritage of Chinese civilization. Through the brush, ink, paper, and inkstone, scholars have shaped the course of history, leaving anindelible mark on the cultural landscape of the world. As we contemplate their significance, let us not merely admire their beauty, but also reflect on the profound wisdom and timeless truths they represent. For in the delicate strokes of a calligrapher's hand and the vibrant hues of anartist's palette, we glimpse the essence of human experience and the boundless potential of the human spirit.。
英语中国文化翻译
英语中国文化翻译文房四宝The writing brush, inkstick, inkstone and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study”.The writing brush and inkstick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago.In the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC), people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writng surfaces, gradually faded out. The inkstone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink.After the Song Dynasty (960AD-1279AD), the “Four Treasures of the Study” particu larly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiangprovince; huimo, the inkstick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and duanyan, the inkstone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou).Indeed, the “Four Treasures of the Study” have written the whole Chinese civilization, as it is.笔墨纸砚是中国古时文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。
文房四宝英文简介
➢ Ming and Qing:lots of famous inkstone produced
Four famous inkslab
Guangdong Duan inkslab(端砚) Shanxi Chengni inkslab（澄泥砚slab（歙砚 ）
lotsoffamousinkstoneproducedfourfamousinkslab?guangdongduaninkslab端砚?shanxichengniinkslab澄泥砚guansutaoinkslab洮砚?guansutaoinkslab洮砚?anhuixiinkslab歙砚xiinkslabtaoinkslabchengniinkslabduaninkslabusefullexpressions?石墨铅笔blackpencil?炭笔charcoalpencil?猪鬃笔hoghairbrush?牛毛油画笔oxhairbrush?狼毫weaselshairbrush?兔毫rabbithairbrush?鹿毫deerhairbrushusefullexpressions?墨油墨ink?色料pigment?水彩画颜料watercolor?油画颜料oilcolor?管装颜料用锡管盛装tubecolorusefullexpressions?书画用纸ricepaperxuanpaper?薄纸绘画中用于吸水的tissue?账簿纸用于画素描和水彩的重磅纸ledgerpaper?画布canvas?棉质画布cottoncanvas?罗马油画纸romancanvasusefullexpressions?砚inkstone?端砚产于广东肇庆地区duaninkslab端砚产于广东肇庆区?调色板pallet?调色碟colormixingtraytreasureourtreasuresthankyou
争功的作文文房四宝
争功的作文文房四宝英文回答：The Four Treasures of the Study, also known as 文房四宝(wén fáng sì bǎo) in Chinese, refer to the four essential tools used in traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting. These treasures consist of the brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper.The brush, known as 毛笔(máo bǐ) in Chinese, is made of animal hair, usually from a goat, rabbit, or wolf. It is used to create beautiful and precise strokes in calligraphy and painting. The brush is held in a specific way, with the fingers gripping the shaft and the thumb resting on the ferrule for better control.Ink stick, or 墨(mò) in Chinese, is made from soot and glue. It comes in various colors, such as black, red, and green. To use the ink stick, it is rubbed against an ink stone with a little water until the desired consistencyis achieved. This process is known as 磨墨(mó mò).The ink stone, called 砚台(yàn tái) in Chinese, is a flat stone with an indentation for grinding the ink stick. It is often made from slate or other types of stone. The ink stone is an essential tool for calligraphers and painters as it helps create the perfect consistency of ink for writing or painting.Finally, we have the paper, known as 纸(zhǐ) in Chinese. Traditional Chinese paper is made from plant fibers, such as rice straw, bamboo, or mulberry bark. The texture and thickness of the paper vary depending on its intended use. Calligraphy and painting require different types of paper to achieve the desired effect.These Four Treasures of the Study are not only tools but also symbols of traditional Chinese culture and art. They require skill and practice to master, and each treasure plays a crucial role in creating beautiful calligraphy and paintings.中文回答：文房四宝是传统中国书画艺术中不可或缺的四种工具，包括毛笔、墨、砚台和纸。
大学英语四级翻译训练题附答案
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：中国独有的文书工具(calligraphic tools),即笔、墨、纸、砚(ink stone),被称为“文房四宝"(Four Treasures ofthe Study)。
从名称上，我们不难看出中国的书法家和画家珍视它们的程度。
尽管这四种工具已经发生了演变，人们仍然相信，如果不使用传统的文房四宝，中国艺术作品就出不了杰作。
其他东方国家也继承了中国的这个传统，比如日本。
也许这就是为什么日本书法和绘画与中国书法和国画很相似的原因。
参考翻译:Chinese particular calligraphic tools include brush,ink,paper and ink stone,which are known as "FourTreasures of the Study”.We can easily tell how Chinese calligraphers and painters value them fromthe name.Despite the evolution of the four tools,it is believed that no Chinese artwork can be amasterpiece without using the traditional four treasures.Other oriental nations such as Japan hasinherited this Chinese tradition.Maybe that's why Japanese calligraphy and Japanese paintingresemble Chinese calligraphy and Chinese painting.1.尽管这四种工具已经发生了演变，人们仍然相信，如果不使用传统的文房四宝，中国艺术作品就出不了杰作：“演变”可译为evolution。
争功的作文文房四宝
争功的作文文房四宝英文回答：The Four Treasures of the Study, also known as 文房四宝(wén fáng sì bǎo) in Chinese, refer to the essential tools used in traditional Chinese calligraphy and painting. These four treasures consist of the brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper. Each of them plays a unique role in creating beautiful and expressive artwork.Firstly, let's talk about the brush. The brush, known as 毛笔(máo bǐ) in Chinese, is made of animal hair and has a long history in Chinese culture. It is used to apply ink to paper and create different strokes and textures. The brush is highly versatile and can be used to write characters or create intricate paintings. For example, when I practice calligraphy, I use a brush to write Chinese characters with varying thickness and elegance.Next, we have the ink stick, known as 墨(mò) inChinese. The ink stick is made from soot and glue, and its production involves a meticulous process. To use the ink stick, it needs to be ground on an ink stone with water to create liquid ink. The ink stick is essential for calligraphy and painting, as it provides the necessary ink for the brush. For instance, when I paint landscapes, I use the ink stick to create different shades and textures to depict mountains and rivers.Now, let's move on to the ink stone, known as 砚台(yàn tái) in Chinese. The ink stone is usually made of stone or ceramic and has a flat surface for grinding the ink stick. It is an indispensable tool for calligraphers and painters, as it allows them to control the consistency and quality of the ink. For example, when I practice calligraphy, I use the ink stone to grind the ink stick and adjust the thickness of the ink according to my preference.Lastly, we have the paper, known as 纸(zhǐ) in Chinese. Traditional Chinese paper is made from mulberry bark or rice straw and has a unique texture that is ideal for calligraphy and painting. The paper absorbs ink welland allows for smooth brush strokes. For instance, when I create Chinese paintings, I use special rice paper that enhances the ink's flow and creates a beautiful effect.中文回答：文房四宝，也被称为The Four Treasures of the Study，是指中国传统书法和绘画中不可或缺的工具。
文房四宝英文介绍(原创)
A Study of “Four Treasures of ChineseStudy”1. IntroductionTraditional tools and materials of Chinese calligraphy arebasically evolved from writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones, which are usually called as “Scholars’ Four Jewels”or the fou r treasures of Chinese study (See Pic.1). As most ancient Chinese scholars could write or draw, or manage both of the skills, they could not live without these four treasures. The name of “Chinese study” could be traced back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589) in Chinese history and especially means scholars’ studies. (Zhang et al, 2008) Writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones are used in study, therefore people praise the four objects as the four treasures of Chinese study. Except for the four treasures of Chinese study, study tools also include ink cartridges, ink and pen holders, pen rack beds, arm rests, writing brush washers, book towns, water scoops, inkstones, seal boxes, cutting knives, stamps,etc. (Zhang et al, 2008)Pic.1 Four treasures of Chinese study.Source: ）Till the Song Dynasty (960-1127), writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones have become the important writing and painting tools in the study, archaeology can also prove it. For instance, in the tomb of Xu Jun of the Southern Song Dynasty in Fouzhou city, Fujian Province, researchers found the whole set of the four treasures of Chinese study as burial objects. (Zhang, 2004) Another example is that on the wall painting Zhang Wenzao’s family tomb in the Liao Dynasty in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, there are several images about the writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones. These facts present that the four treasures have gradually formed a broad social practical basis in such a long history and finally became a special word in the Song Dynasty. (Zhang et al, 2008)In order to know and resume the relations between ancient writing and painting tools with the study and the scholars’ behavior, people should fully understand the main line of the development of calligraphy tools. This paper will make an in-depth historical research on the four treasures of Chinese study, analyze the historical development and characteristics of the four tools, besides, the author will also conduct a series of case studies of the most famous representatives in China and their advantages.2.Writing brushPic.2 Writting BrushesSource:Writing brush ranks the first of the four treasures of the study.It is said that it was invested by famous general Meng Tian of Qin Dynasty. Traditional writing brushes are not only the necessary stationary of ancient Chinese people, but also have extraordinary charm in expressing Chinese calligraphy and painting. (Zhang, 2004)However, as writing brushes are easy to be damaged, there is few ancient writing brushes conserved till now.There are many kinds of writing brushes. In terms of the materials, many animals’hair are used such as rabbits, goats, deer, mice, tigers, gorillas, ducks, geese, chicken, pigs even humans.From theperforma nce’s perspective, writing brushes can be classified into rigidity brush, flexible brush and doubled both brush. As for thematerial of barrel, different varieties of bamboos and wood, even crystal, horn, jade, gold, silver are used. (Zhang, 2004)The most famous writing brush producing area in China is Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Writing brushes made in Huzhou is called Hu writing brush. Hu writing brushes are made of high quality materialswith exquisite techniques. (He, 2008) The four major characteristics are "pointed tip, uniform hair, perfect roundness and resilient to the touch. Hu writing brush has four types: goat hair, wolf hair, mixed hair and rabbit hair. According to the size, there are huge, big, middle and small. (Chen,2004)Shen Zhaomin is a contemporary calligrapher from Huzhou, he iswell-known her using a huge Hu writing brush to write calligraphy.He has devoted numerous effort practicing calligraphy for decades and does excellent in all kinds of calligraphies. In 2001, he used a special Hu writhing brush which was as heavy as 81.5kg, to write down the word “Hu writing brush”which had an area of around 600㎡，and got the Guinness World RecordsCertificate of Calligraphy with Huge Brush. On the closing ceremony of Doha Asian Games, he used a 25kg Hu writing brush to write down “Harmonious Asia”on four big yellow satin cloths. (See Pic.3) Although the performance only lasted six minutes, every second was astonishing. Master Shen represented the magic Chinese calligraphy tothe whole world, which was a never forgettable scene of all audience. (He,2008)Pic. 3 Shen Zhaomin is writing “harmonious Asian”in Chinese calligraphy using a 25kg Hu writing Brush, Doha Asian Olympic Games, 2005Source:3. Ink stickInk brings people a relatively monotonous impression, however without this kind of unique material, the fantastic artistic conception of traditional Chinese calligraphy cannot be realized. Actually the world of ink has quite abundant connotation. Before the invention of artificial ink, people generally used natural ink as writingmaterial.(Zeng,1993) On some prehistoric pottery, bamboo and wooden slips, there are signs of primitive ink.Till the Han Dynasty, artificialink appeared. The raw materials came from turpentine soot and squeezedby hands or molded. Till the Wei, Jin, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the quality of ink constantly improved. (Zhang, 2004)Ink is divided into two types: pine-soot ink and oil-soot ink.Pint-soot ink is made of pine wood’s ash. The characteristics of it are black, low glossiness, light colloid, so it is only suitable for writing. While the oil-soot ink is made from animal or plant oil. It usually has bright color and is perfect for traditional Chinese painting. The ink of Chinese painting is generally in the form of ink sticks. According tothe uses of ink sticks there are common ink, tribute ink, royal ink, home-made ink, gift ink etc. (Zeng,1993)Pic 4. The Hui Ink StickSource:The Hui Ink Stick is the most famous ink stick product in China.Its was named after its production area ancient Huizhou. Today, Tunxi District and Xi County in Huangshan city, Anhui Province are the two manufacturing centers of Hui Ink Sticks.There are various types of Hui Ink Stick, such as paint-soot, oil-soot,net-soot, minus-glue, added-spice etc. The high class paint soot ink sticks are made from ten kinds of precious materials including Tung oil-soot, musk, borneol, gold foil and pearl powder. Hui Ink Sticks have the advantages of light weight, pleasant odor, hard quality, long-lasting effect etc, therefore, it has become calligraphers and painters’ necessary goods for hundreds of years. (See Pic 4)Pic 5. Workers are making Hui Ink SticksSource:The production of Hui Ink Stick has a history of one thousand years. The ink sticks are the combination of drawing, calligraphy, carving, shaping etc, thus become a kind of comprehensive artistic treasure. In contemporary times, Hui Ink Stick is developed and updated on the basis of traditional craftsmanship. (See Pic 5) However, due to the lack ofraw materials and the inheritors, the future of Hui Ink Stick is worrying. (Chen,2004)4. PaperPaper is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. It is said that Cai Lun of the East Han Dynasty updated the technology of making paper, thus improved the quality of paper, made paper easier to write on. Till Wei and Jin Dynasties, paper fully replaced other materials and became the main writing material. Since then,the position of paper has never been threated. (Zhang, 2004) From this point, paper has the largest vitality among the four treasures of Chinese study. For ancient Chinese people, paper is a tool to be relaxed and pleased, a carrier to point out problems and the bailment of emotions. For most Chinese, paper is a concentration of Chinese culture and history.People believe that the Xuan Paper is the best paper to write and draw. Xuan Paper is produced in Jin County, Anhui Province, which is a kind of high class artistic paper used for traditional Chinese brush calligraphy, painting, mounting, rubbing, watermarking etc. Till now, Xuan Paper has a history of over one thousand years. (Zeng,1993) Xuan Paper has excellent ink embellishment, durability, non-deformation and insect resistance, thus it has become the paper which could best present the artistic style of traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy. (Chen, 2004) It is said that ink can be divided into five colors, which means one stroke contains deep and light colors, the layers and patterns are quite clear. This trick is created by artists using the ink embellishment feature of Xuan Paper to control the proportion of water and ink. A large amount of ancient artistic works and literature spread up to now are preserved by Xuan Paper perfectly.Pic 6. Xuan Paper in manufacturing）In terms of the manufacturing methods, Xuan Paper is classifiedinto untreated Xuan Paper, treated Xuan Paper and semi-treated Xuan Paper. (See Pic6) Untreated Xuan Paper includes Jiagong, Yuban, Jingpi, Danxuan, Mianlian etc. (Zhang, 2004) Untreated paper refers to the paper without manufacturing, it has strong water-absorbing quality and water permeability,so it is easy to produce abundant ink changes and achieve fantastic artistic effect. When people draw enjoyable scenery, they will use this kind of Xuan Paper. Treated Xuan Paper is the deep manufacturing product of untreated Xuan Paper. It is made of the combination of untreated paper and a special glue. The manufacturing process of treated Xuan Paper is easy and convenient o manage. However the proportion of glue and alum has no certain standard, it should be determined according to requirement of painting and calligraphy, and the quality of paper. Different proportion will directly influence the final effects of manufacturing. (Zhang, 2004)5. InkstoneInkstones are the containers of ink. Most of inkstones are made of stones, some of inkstones are made of earthenware clay. Inkstone have various shapes including rectangular, square, circle, oval and bionic shapes such as animals and plants. Sometimes craftsmen carve all kindsof decorations on the bodies of inkstones. High class inkstones have the characteristics of exquisite smooth and quality, grinded ink is fine and well-distributed. Famous inkstones are divided into Duan and Xi. (Zhang,2004) Except for practical use, inkstones are also very valuable art crafts and valued by collectors and scholars.Overall, the development of inkstones is a process from pursuingthe practical functions to pursuing aesthetic joy. Before the Tang Dynasty, people mainly developed the practical functions of inkstones, the shapes were mostly simple and rustic without any decorations. (Yen, 2013) At first, people could not be certain that which material is most suitable for inkstone making, so they tried all possible materials including stone, pot clay, paint, jade, china etc. Till the Tang Dynasty, people finally determined the main body position of stone inkstones, and gradually developed four important series of inkstone products which were Duan, Xi, Hongsi and Chengni, and basically perfected the practicability of inkstones. Since the Song Dynasty, the development of inkstones gradually became the pursuit of aesthetic joy. At that stage, many professional literature were released including the quality, style, carving technique of inkstones, such as the History of Inkstones written by Mi Fu, Record of Inkstones written by Su Yijian, thus have laid a foundation for the future development of inkstones. (Dong et al, 2008)Pic 7 Duan InkstoneSource: ）The Duan Inkstone has the highest reputation among all kinds of inkstones. (See Pic 7) Duan Inkstone is produced in ancient Duanzhou in Guangdong Province. It became nationally renowned as early as the Tang Dynasty, The quality of Duan Inkstone is very lubricating and exquisite. (Xiang, 2008) Most of Duan Inkstones have the color of purple and some yellow, red or green circle patterns, which are called eyes. Duan Inkstone has been produced since the beginning of the Tang Dynasty. Since the middle of the Tang Dynasty, people began to pay attention to the pattern carving, thus Duan Inkstone has transformed form stationary into art craft. Till the Song Dynasty, the emperor listed Duan Inkstone as one of the tributes. (Xiang,2008) Nowadays, due to the lack of scientific management, the stone pits around Zhaoqing have been severely damaged, therefore Duan Inkstone has become more precious than ever.6. ConclusionAll in all, this paper has made an in-depth analysis of the four treasures of Chinese study respectively which are writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones. Not only has the author discussed the historical development and characteristics of the four tools, but also conducted a series of case studies of the most famous representatives in China and their advantages including Hu Writing Brush, Hu Ink Stick, Xuan Paper and Duan Inkstone. The four treasures of Chinese study have created numerous value for ancient Chinese culture including calligraphy, painting, sealing, and the preservation of historical literature and materials. They are of important practicability as well as aesthetical value. It is people’s responsibility to pass the four treasures generation after generation, maintain, update them and promote them to the whole world.References:Dong, J., Xu, M., Zhang, X. J., Gao, Y. Q., & Pan, Y. H. 2008. The creation process of Chinese calligraphy and emulation of imagery thinking. Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 23(6), pp. 56-62.Xiang, H. E. 2008. A Perspective of Inkstone Culture underProtection of Non-Material Cultural Heritage——Take Zhaoqing'S Duan Ink Slab as an Example. Journal of South-Central University forNationalities (Humanities and Social Sciences), 3, pp.14-18.He, X. Q. 2008. Huzhou Writing Brush Culture and Its Tourism Development. Journal of Huzhou Teachers College, 1, 27.Yen, Y. 2013. Calligraphy and power in contemporary Chinese society. Routledge. pp. 10-37.Chen, Y.Q. 2004. Writing Brush, Ink Stick, Ink Slab and Paper" and the Chinese Traditional Culture. Journal of Huzhou Vocational and Technological College, 2, pp. 23-33.Zeng, Y. H. 1993. A history of Chinese calligraphy. Chinese University Press. pp. 4-45.Zhang, W. 2004. The four treasures: inside the scholar's studio. Long River Pr. pp. 15-109.Zhang, J., Tang, W., Shi, C., Liu, Z., & Wang, X. 2008. Chinese calligraphy and tourism: from cultural heritage to landscape symbol and media of the tourism industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 11(6), pp. 529-548.。
文房四宝英语介绍
In terms of the materials ,we can divide it into several kinds , such as rabbit hair ones ,horsehair ones or suchlike . While in terms of the quality ,we can conclude it into golden, silver, ivory, or bamboo.
With these unique writing material ancient people created many masterpieces ,suchlike Xu Mo’s ink painting , Huai Su’s cursive script and Yan Zhenqing’s simple cursive.
Four Treasures Of The Chinese
Study
班级：B15材料成型与控制工程班 小组人员：***，***
Traditional Chinese writing tools include the writing brushes, the ink sticks, paper and the ink stones. It first appeared in people’ eyes at The Northern and Southern Dynasties .
Till now it famous for Lake brush Xuan paper, Huizhou ink , and the Duan ink e said as “Four Treasures”.
语段翻译水墨画文房四宝2
Hangzhou which is located in the northern main clause part of Zhejiang Province, is an ancient subordinate clause Chinese city renowned/famous/known for its picturesque scenery/scenic beauty.
Caoye
2.它大约始于唐代，兴盛于宋代和元代，距今 已有一千多年的历史，其间经历了不断的发展、 提高和完善。
• It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. • With a history of over one thousand years, it has 分译 improvement and experienced constant development, perfection.
英语翻译教研室
参考译文
Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese painting. It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties. With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection. The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting, i.e. brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the features of the paintings.
翻译(笔墨纸砚)英语
术的工具和载体，文房四宝铸就了汉字特 有的书法（calligraphy）艺术和中国国画 的独特风格。文房四宝本身也是供人观赏
文房四宝品类繁多，制作工艺不断 趋于完善，历代都有名匠、名品产 生，形成了深厚的文化积淀。
There is a large variety of these four treasures. Their production processes have been gradually improved. Each dynasty in Chinese history saw famous craftsmen appear and fine works produced, which helped form a profound cultural accumulation.
文房四宝本身也是供人观赏的 艺术品，并逐渐成为收藏品。
They themselves have also become the works of art for appreciation and gradually for collection.
作为传承、弘扬中华文化和艺术的工 具和载体，文房四宝铸就了汉字特有 的书法（calligraphy）艺术和中国国画 的独特风格。
As tools and carriers for inheriting and promoting Chinese culture and art, “four treasures of the study” forged the unique art of Chinese calligraphy and the distinctive artistic style of Chinese painting.
翻译(笔墨纸砚)英语
文房四宝品类繁多，制作工艺不断 趋于完善，历代都有名匠、名品产 生，形成了深厚的文化积淀。
There is a large variety of these four treasures. Their production processes have been gradually improved. Each dynasty in Chinese history saw famous craftsmen appear and fine works produced, which helped form a profound cultural accumulation.
文房四宝本身也是供人观赏的 艺术品，并逐渐成为收藏品。
They themselves have also become the works of art for appreciation and gradually for collection.
Hale Waihona Puke 的艺术品，并逐渐成为收藏品。文房四宝
品类繁多，制作工艺不断趋于完善，历代
都有名匠、名品产生，形成了深厚的文化 积淀。
笔、墨、纸、砚（inkstone），就是人 们所说的“文房四宝(four treasures of the study)”，为书写中华五千年文明史 做出了重要贡献。
“Four treasures of the study”, referring to “writing brushes”, “ink sticks”, “paper” and “inkstones”, play an important role in recording the five thousand years’ history of Chinese civilization.