04 Cpk(Chinese)
单边规格的cpk计算公式
单边规格的cpk计算公式CPK（过程能力指数）是现代质量管理中用于衡量过程稳定性和能力的重要指标。
在单边规格的情况下，CPK 的计算公式有其特定的形式和应用场景。
咱先来说说啥是单边规格。
想象一下，比如生产一种零件，我们只规定了它的尺寸上限，或者只规定了下限，这就是单边规格。
比如说，生产一根轴，我们只规定它的直径不能超过某个值，这就是单边规格的上限；要是只规定不能低于某个值，那就是单边规格的下限。
举个例子吧，就说生产电池，要求电池的最低续航时间不能少于 5小时。
这就是单边规格的下限。
在计算CPK 时，如果是单边规格下限，公式就是 CPK = （均值 - 下限）/（3×标准差）。
假设我们对一批生产出来的电池进行了测试，一共测了 100 个。
经过统计，这 100 个电池的平均续航时间是 5.5 小时，标准差是 0.3 小时，下限规定是 5 小时。
那按照公式算一下，CPK = （5.5 - 5）/（3×0.3）≈0.56 。
这说明啥呢？CPK 约等于0.56 ，表示这个生产过程的能力一般般，还有改进的空间。
要是 CPK 能达到 1 或者更大，那就说明过程能力比较强啦。
在实际工作中，搞清楚单边规格的 CPK 计算可重要啦。
要是算错了，可能会对生产决策产生误导。
比如说，算出来的CPK 看起来不错，但实际上生产过程可能已经有问题了；或者算出来不好，结果把原本还不错的生产过程给调整了，这都会造成不必要的损失。
所以啊，大家可得把单边规格的CPK 计算公式弄清楚，用对地方，这样才能真正发挥它在质量管理中的作用，保证咱们生产出来的东西质量杠杠的！。
心血管常用英文缩写
心血管常用英文缩写心血管常用缩写AA2 aortic second sound 主动脉区第二音AA amino acid 氨基酸AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm 腹主动脉瘤Ab antibody 抗体ABE acute bacterial endocarditis 急性细菌性心内膜炎ABG arterial blood gases 动脉血气ABI ankle brachial index 踝肱指数ABP arterial blood pressure 动脉血压ABPM ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 动态血压监测AC alternating current 交流电AC aortic closure 动脉闭锁ACAT acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 胆固醇酰基转移酶ACE angiotensin converting enzyme 血管紧张素转化酶ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂ACG angiocardiography 心血管造影术ACh acetylcholine 乙酰胆碱ACS acute coronary syndromes 急性冠状动脉综合症ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone 促肾上腺皮质激素ADH antidiuretic hormone 抗利尿激素ADP adenosine diphosphate 二磷酸腺苷AECG ambulatory electrocardiography 动态心电图AEDs automatic external defibrillators 自动体外除颤器AF atrial fibrillation 房颤AFL atrial flutter 心房扑动AG atrial gallop 心房性奔马律AHA American Heart Association 美国心脏协会AHP apical hypertrophy 心尖部肥厚AI aortic incompetence 主动脉瓣关闭不全AI aortic insufficiency 主动脉瓣功能不全AI apical impulse 心尖搏动AICD automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator 埋藏式自动心脏复律除颤器AICDS automatic implanted cardioverter defibrillators 自动植入式心脏复律除颤器AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 爱滋病AIVR Accelerated idioventricular rhythm 加速性心室自主节律ALT alanine aminotransferase 丙氨酸氨基转移酶AMI acute myocardial imfarction 急性心肌梗塞AML anterior mitral valve leaflet 二尖瓣前叶ANA antinuclear antibody 抗核抗体ANCA antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies 抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体ANGII angiotensin II 血管紧张素IIANOVA analysis of variance 方差分析ANP atrial natriuretic hormone 心房利钠激素ANP atrial natriuretic peptide 心房利钠肽ANS autonomic nervous system 自主神经系统Ao aorta 主动脉AO opening of the atrioventricular valves 房室瓣张开AoP aortic pressure 主动脉压力AP accessory pathway 旁路AP action potential 动作电位AP angina pectoris 心绞痛AP arterial pressure 动脉压APB atrial premature beat 房性早搏APC atrial premature complex 房性早搏APH apical hypertrophy 心尖部肥厚APA action potential amplitude 动作电位幅度APC activated protein C 活化的蛋白CAPD action potential duration 动作电位时间apoA apolipoprotein A 载脂蛋白AapoB apolipoprotein B 载脂蛋白BaPPT actived partial thromboplastin time 激活的部分凝血活酶时间APSAC anisolysated plasminogen streptokinase activated complex 苯甲氧酰纤溶酶原链激酶活化复合物AR aortic regurgitation 主动脉瓣关闭不全AR alarm reaction 应激反应AR artificial respiration 人工呼吸ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome 成人呼吸窘迫综合症Arg arginine 精氨酸ARP atrial refractory period 心房不应期ARVD arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 致心律失常性右心室发育不良AS aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄AS arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化ASCVD arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease 动脉粥样硬化性心血管病ASD atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损ASH asymmetric septal hypertrophy 非对称性心室间隔肥厚ASHD arteriosclerotic heart disease 动脉硬化性心脏病ASO anti-streptolysin "O" 抗链球菌溶血素OASO arteriosclerosis obliterans 闭塞性动脉硬化AST aspartate aminotransferase 天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶AT angiotensin Ⅱ receptor 血管紧张素Ⅱ受体AT atrial tachycardia 房性心动过速AT-Ⅲ：A antithrombin Ⅲ activity 抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性ATP adenosine triphosphate 三磷酸腺苷ATP antitachycardia pacing 抗心动过速起搏ATPase adenosinetriphosphatase 三磷酸腺苷酶AVA-V atrioventricular 房室性的AVN atrioventricular node 房室结AVNRT atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia 房室结折返性心动过速AVO atrioventricular orifice 房室口AVP arginine vasopressin 精氨酸加压素AVR aortic valve replacement 主动脉瓣置换术AVRT atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia 房室交互性心动过速BBBB blood-brain barrier 血脑屏障BBB bundle branch block 束支传导阻滞BBBB bilateral bundle branch block 双侧束支传导阻滞BBT basal body temperature 基础体温BDS biodegradable stents 生物可降解支架BFP biologic false-positive 生物学假阳性BLS basic life support 基础生命支持BMI body mass index 体质指数BMR basal metabolic rate 基础代谢率BNP brain natriuretic peptide 脑钠肽BUN blood urea nitrogen 尿素氮BP blood pressure 血压BPV blood pressure variability 血压波动性BRF renal blood flow 肾血流B.S. breath sounds 呼吸音B.S. blood sugar 血糖BSA body surface area 体表面积BUN blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮BVAD biventricular assist device 两心室辅助装置CCA cardiac arrest 心脏停搏CA coronary artery 冠状动脉CA catecholamine 儿茶酚胺C.A. circumflex coronary artery 左回旋支冠状动脉CABG coronary artery bypass grafting 冠状动脉旁路移植术CABS coronary artery bypass surgery 冠状动脉分流术CAD coronary artery disease 冠状动脉疾病CAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate 环磷酸腺苷CAVB complete atrioventricular block 完全房室传导阻滞CBC complete blood count 全血细胞计数CBF cerebral blood flow 脑血流量CC chief complaint 主诉CCPR cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation 心肺脑复苏CCU coronary care unit 冠心病监护病房CCU critical care unit 危症监护病房CD curative dose 有效量治疗量CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 疾病预防控制中心CEA carcinoembryonic antigen 癌胚抗原CEI cardiac effort index 心脏负荷指数CETP cholesteryl ester transfer protein 胆固醇酯转移蛋白CF cardiac failure 心力衰竭CFR coronary flow reserve 冠状动脉血流储备cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate 环-磷酸鸟苷CHD coronary heart disease 冠心病CHF congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭CHO Chinese hamster ovary (cell) 中国仓鼠卵巢细胞CI cardiac index 心脏指数CIC circulating immune complex 循环免疫复合物CIE counterimmunoelectrophoresis 对流免疫电泳CK creatine kinase 肌酸激酶CK-BB creatine kinase with brain subunits 肌酸激酶BB亚单位CK-MB creatine kinase-MB 肌酸激酶MB亚单位CK-MM creatine kinase with muscle subunits 肌酸激酶MM亚单位CM chylomicron 乳糜微粒CMLC cardiac myosin light chains 心脏肌凝蛋白轻链CMT circus movement tachycardia 环形运动性心动过速CNS central nervous system 中枢神经系统CO cardiac output 心输出量CoA coenzyme A 辅酶 ACOPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺病CPB cardiopulmonary bypass 体外循环CPAP continuous positive airway pressure 持续气道正压呼吸CPC clinicopathological conference 临床病历讨论会CPK creatine phosphokinase 磷酸肌酸激酶CPK-MB MB fraction of creatine phosphokinase 磷酸肌酸激酶同功酶MBCPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CRH corticotropin-releasing hormone 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素CRP C-reactive protein C反应蛋白CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy 心脏再同步治疗CS coronary sinus 冠状窦CSF colony-stimulating factor 集落刺激因子CSF cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液CSM carotid sinus massage 颈动脉窦按摩CSNRT corrected SNRT 校正的窦房结恢复时间CT clotting time 凝血时间CT computed Tomography 计算机体层Ｘ线摄影CTA CT angiography CT血管造影cTnI cardiac troponin I 心肌肌钙蛋白IcTnT cardiac troponin T 心肌肌钙蛋白TCTO chronic total occlusion 慢性闭塞病变CV cardiovascular 心血管的CVA cerebrovascular accident 脑血管意外CVD cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病CVP central venous pressure 中心静脉压CVS cardiovascular system 心血管系统DDAD delayed afterdepolarization 延迟后去极化D.A.H disordered action of heart 心功能失调DBP diastolic blood pressure 舒张压DC direct-current 直流电DCM dilated cardiomyopathy 扩张性心脏病DHEA-S dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 硫酸脱氢异雄酮DHF diastolic heart failure 舒张性心力衰竭DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation 弥漫性血管内凝血DL diffusion capacity 弥散量DM diabetes mellitus 糖尿病DM diastolic murmur 舒张期杂音DNA deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸DNR do not resuscitate 不复苏DOA dead on arrival 到达时已死亡DOC deoxycorticosterone 脱氧皮质酮DSA digital subtraction angiography 数字减影血管造影术dsDNA double-stranded DNA 双链脱氧核糖核酸DTPA diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid 二乙烯三胺五乙酸DVT deep venous thrombosis 深静脉血栓形成EEAD early afterdepolarization 早期后除极EAVNC enhanced A-V nodal conduction 房室结加速传导EBV Epstein-Barr virus EB病毒ECC external chest compression 胸外心脏按压ECG electrocardiogram 心电图ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 体外循环膜氧合ECS electrocerebral silence 脑电静止ECS endocannabinoid system 内分泌大麻系统ED emergency department 急诊室ED effective dose 有效剂量EDCFs endothelium-derived constricting factor 内皮衍生的收缩因子EDHF endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor 内皮衍生超极化因子EDRF endothelium-derived relaxing factor 内皮衍生的松弛因子EDV end-diastolic volume 舒张末期容积EERP extended endocardial resection procedure 心内膜伸展切除法EEV encircling endocardial ventriculotomy 心内膜面心室环切术EF ejection fraction 射血分数EKG electrocardiogram 心电图ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 酶联免疫吸附试验EMD electromechanical dissociation 电机械分离EMS emergency medical service 急救医疗服务ERBF effective renal blood flow 有效肾血流量EPS electrophysiology study 电生理检查EPSP excitatory postsynaptic potential 兴奋性突触后电位ER endoplasmic reticulum 内质网ERBF effective renal blood flow 有效肾血流量ERP effective refractory period 有效适应期ERP endocardial resection procedure 心内膜切除术ERT estrogen replacement therapy 雌激素替代疗法ERV expiratory reserve volume 补呼气容积ES cells Embryonic stem cells 胚胎干细胞ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate 血细胞沉降率ESRD end-stage renal disease 终末期肾脏疾病ESV end-systolic volume 收缩末期容积ET excitability threshold 兴奋性阈值ET endothelin 内皮素FFab fragmentantigen-binding 抗原结合片断FABP fatty acid binding protein 脂肪酸结合蛋白FBG fasting blood glucose 空腹血糖FDP fibrinogen degradation products 纤维蛋白原降解产物FEV1.0 forced expiratory volume in one second 第1秒用力呼气容积FFA free fatty acid 游离脂肪酸FGF fibroblast growth factor 纤维母细胞生长因子FH familial hypercholesterolemia 家族性高胆固醇血症FHC familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 家族性肥厚型心肌病FIO2 fraction of inspired oxygen 吸入气氧分数FML flail mitral leaflet 连枷样瓣叶FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量FT3 free triiodothyronine 游离型T3FT4 free thyroxine 游离型甲状腺素FUO fever of undetermined origin 不明原因发热FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量GGAD glutamic acid decarboxylase 谷氨酸脱羧酶GAP GTPase-activating protein GTP酶活化蛋白GBM glomerular basement membrane 肾小球基底膜G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 粒细胞集落刺激因子GFR glomerular filtration rate 肾小球滤过率GHb glycosylated hemoglobin 糖化血红蛋白GI gastrointestinal 胃肠的GIK glucose_insulin_potassium 葡萄糖－胰岛素－钾（极化液）GITS the gastrointestinal therapeutic system 胃肠道治疗系统GMP guanosine monophosphate 一磷酸鸟苷GPBB glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme 糖原磷酸化酶同工酶BBGPT glutamic-pyruvic transaminase 谷丙转氨酶GTP guanosine triphosphate 三磷酸鸟苷GTT glucose tolerance test 葡萄糖耐量试验HHAV hepatitis A virus 甲肝病毒Hb hemoglobin 血红蛋白HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c 糖化血红蛋白 A1cHBcAg hepatitis B core antigen 乙肝核心抗原HBeAg hepatitis B e antigen 乙肝e抗原HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen 乙肝e抗原HBE His bundle electrogram 希氏束电图HBV hepatitis B virus 乙肝病毒HbO2 oxyhemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 肥厚型心肌病HCT hematocrit 血细胞比容，红细胞压积HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HERG Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene 人类eag相关基因HF heart failure 心力衰竭hFABP heart fatty acid binding protein 心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白HIT heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 肝素导致的血小板减少症HIV human immunodeficiency virus 人类免疫缺陷病毒HLHS hypoplastic left heart syndrome 左心发育不良综合征HMG-COA 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A ３羟甲基戊二酰辅酶ＡHMWK high molecular weight kininogen 高分子量激肽原HOCM hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy 肥厚梗阻性心肌病HOP high oxygen pressure 高压氧HP haptoglobin 结合珠蛋白，触珠蛋白HPI history of the present illness 现病史HPS His-Purkinje system 希氏束-浦肯野系统HR heart rate 心率HRV heart rate variability 心率变异性HuIFN human interferon 人体干扰素IIAB intraaortic balloon 主动脉内气囊IABP intraaortic balloon pump 主动脉内气囊泵IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量ICD implantable cardioverter-defibrillator 埋藏式心脏复律－除颤器ICU intensive care unit 重症监护病房IDD insulin-dependent diabetes 胰岛素依赖性糖尿病IDL intermediate-density lipoprotein 中间密度脂蛋白IE infective endocarditis 感染性心内膜IFG impaired fasting glucose 空腹血糖调节受损IFN interferon 干扰素IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1 胰岛素样生长因子-1 IGT impaired glucose tolerance 葡萄糖耐量降低IHD ischemic heart disease 缺血性心脏病IHR intrinsic heart rate 固有心率IHSS idiopathic hypertrophy subaortic stenosis 特发性肥厚型主动脉瓣下狭窄IHUT isoproterenol-head-up tilt testing 异丙肾上腺素-倾斜试验IMA internal mammary artery 内乳动脉INR international normalized ratio 国际标准化比值IPG impedance plethysmography 阻抗容积描记法IPPB intermittent positive pressure breathing 间歇性正压呼吸IR insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗IRMS insulin resistance metabolic syndrome 胰岛素抵抗代谢综合征IRS insulin resistance syndrome 胰岛素抵抗综合征IRV inspiratory reserve volume 补吸气容积ISA intrinsic sympathomimetic activity 内源性拟交感活性IU international unit 国际单位IV intravenously 静脉注射IVC inferior vena cava 下腔静脉IVP intravenous pyelography 静脉肾盂造影IVRT isovolumic relaxation time 等容舒张时间IVS interventricular septum 室间隔IVST interventricular septal thickness 室间隔厚度IVUS intravascular ultrasound 血管内超声JJ joule 焦耳KKD Keshan disease 克山病LLA left arm 左臂LA left atrium 左心房LAD left anterior descending (coronary artery) 冠状动脉左前降支LAD left axis deviation 电轴左偏]LADA latent autoimmune diabetes in adult 成人隐匿自身免疫糖尿病LAE left atrial enlargement 左心房扩大LAFB left anterior fascicular block 左前分支阻滞LAH left anterior hemiblock 左前分支阻滞LAO left anterior oblique 左前斜位LAP left atrial pressure 左心房压力LAPB left anterior parietal block 左前分支末梢阻滞LATS long-acting thyroid stimulator 长效甲状腺刺激素LBBB left bundle branch block 左束支传导阻滞LCA left coronary artery 左冠状动脉LCAT lecithin ：cholesterol acyltransferase 卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶LCX left circumflex artery 左冠状动脉回旋支LDH lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LF left leg 左腿LP(α) α-lipoprotein α脂蛋白LPFB left posterior fascicular block 左后分支阻滞LPH left posterior hemiblock 左后半阻滞LPL lipoprotein lipase 脂蛋白酯酶LQ-T1 long Q-T locus 1 长Q－T位点1LQTS long QT syndrome 长QT综合症LRL lower rate limit 下限频率LV left ventricle 左心室LVAD left ventricular assist device 左室辅助装置LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure 左室舒张末压LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume 左室舒张末容积LVET left ventricular ejection time 左心室射血时间LVH left ventricular hypertrophy 左室肥厚LVMI left ventricular mass index 左室重量指数MMAF macrophage activating factor 巨噬细胞活化因子MAG3 mercaptoacetyltriglycine 巯基乙酰三甘氨酸MAO monoamine oxidase 单胺氧化酶MAOI monoamine oxidase inhibitor 单胺氧化酶抑制剂MAP mean arterial pressure 平均动脉压MAPK mitogen-actived protein kinase 有丝分裂激活的蛋白激酶MAT multifocal atrial tachycardia 多源性房性心动过速MBC minimum bactericidal concentration 最小杀菌浓度MB-CK MB creatine kinase 肌酸磷酸激酶MB亚单位MCE myocardial contrast echocardiography 心肌造影超声心动图MCF macrophage chemotactic factor 巨噬细胞趋化因子MCH mean corpuscular hemoglobin 红细胞平均血红蛋白量MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度MCT mean circulation time 平均循环时间MCV mean corpuscular volume 平均红细胞容积MDF myocardial depressant factor 心肌抑制因子MDP maximum diastolic potential 最大舒张电位MEN multiple endocrine neoplasia 多发性内分泌肿瘤METS multiple of basal metabolic oxygen consumption 基础代谢氧消耗倍数MHC myosin heavy chain 肌球蛋白重链MI myocardial imfarction 心肌梗塞MIC minimum inhibitory concentration 最小抑菌浓度MLC myosin light chain 肌凝蛋白轻链MMD minor myocardial damage 微小心肌损伤MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 多脏器功能障碍综合征MPD maximum permissible dose 最大允许剂量MPS mononuclear phagocyte system 单核巨噬细胞系统MPS mucopolysaccharidosis 粘多糖（贮积）病MR mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣关闭不全MRA magnetic resonance angiography 核磁共振血管造影MRI magnetic resonance imaging 核磁共振显像mRNA messenger RNA 信使核糖核酸MS metabolic syndrome 代谢综合征MS mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄MSCT multi-slice computed tomography 多层螺旋CT MSCTCA MSCT coronary angiography 多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影MSL midsternal line 胸骨中线MV mitral valve 二尖瓣MVO2 myocardial oxygen requirements 心肌需氧量MVP mitral valve prolapse 二尖瓣脱垂MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 最大自主通气量NNBTE nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis 非细菌性血栓性心内膜炎NED no evidence of disease 无疾病证据NEFA nonesterified fatty acids 非酯型脂肪酸游离脂肪酸NEP neutral endopeptidase 中性内肽酶NIDD non-insulin-dependent diabetes 非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病NMR nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振NO nitric oxide 一氧化氮NPN nonprotein nitrogenNQWMI non-Q-wave myocardial infarction 非Ｑ波心肌梗塞NSAIA nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic 非类固醇消炎止痛药NSAIDs nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs 非甾族抗炎药物NSR normal sinus rhythm 正常窦律NTP normal temperature and pressure 正常体温与血压NVE native valve endocarditis 自身瓣膜心内膜炎NYHA New York Heart Association 纽约心脏协会OOMB obtuse marginal branch 钝缘支OR operating room 手术室OS opening snap 开放拍击音OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征OTC over the counter 非处方药物OTD organ tolerance dose 器官耐受剂量(X线)PP2 pulmonic second sound 肺动脉第二心音PA posteroanterior 后前位的PA pulmonary artery 肺动脉PAC premature atrial complex 期前心房复合波PAF platelet-activating factor 血小板激活因子PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 纤维蛋白酶原激活物抑制剂-1PAP plasmin-antiplasmin complex 纤溶酶抗纤溶酶复合物PAT paroxysmal atrial tachycardia 阵发性房性心动过速PAWP pulmonary artery wedge pressure 肺动脉楔压力PBAV percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty 经皮球囊主动脉瓣成形术PBMV percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty 经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术PBPV percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty 经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术PC:A protein C activity 蛋白C活性PCG phonocardiogram 心音图PCI percutaneous coronary intervention 经皮冠状动脉介入干预Pco2 carbon dioxide partial pressure 二氧化碳分压力Pco2 carbon dioxide partial tension 二氧化碳分张力PCR polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链反应PCV packed cell volume 血细胞压积PCWP pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 肺毛细血管楔压PDA patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭PDA posterior descending coronary artery 冠脉后降支PDE phosphodiesterase 磷酸二酯酶PDIs Phosphodiesterase inhibitors 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂PDGF platelet derived growth factor 血小板源生长因子PEA pulseless electrical activity 无脉性电活动PEEP positive endexpiratory pressure 呼气末正压呼吸PES programmed electrical stimulation 程控电刺激PET positron emission-computed tomography 正电子发射型计算机断层显像PF4 platelet factor 4 血小板第4因子PG prostaglandin 前列腺素PGI2 prostacyclin 前列环素PICVI Percutaneous in situ coronary venous arterialization 经皮原位冠状静脉动脉化PJRT permanent junctional repciprocating tachycardia 持久性交界性交互心动过速PJT paroxysmal junctional tachycardia 阵发性交界性心动过速PKC protein kinase C 蛋白激酶CPLAATO Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Transcatheter Occluder 经皮导管左心耳闭塞器PLS prolonged life support 延续生命支持PMI point of maximal impulse 最强心尖搏动点PMVL posterior mitral valve leaflet 二尖瓣后叶PMT pacemaker mediated tachycardia 起搏器介入性心动过速PO2 oxygen partial pressure 氧分压力PO2 oxygen partial tension 氧分张力POCT point of care test 床旁检查PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 过氧化物酶体增生物活化受体PPD purified protein derivative (tuberculin) 精制蛋白衍化物（结核菌素）PR peripheral resistance 外周阻力PR pulmonic regurgitation 肺动脉瓣关闭不全PRA plasma renin activity 血浆肾素活性PRG phleborheography 静脉血流描记法PS protein S 蛋白SPS pulmonic stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄PS pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄PSM presystolic murmur 收缩前杂音PSVT paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 阵发性室上性心动过速PT prothrombin time 凝血酶原时间PT pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干PTA plasma thromboplastin 血浆凝血致活酶前质PTC plasma thromboplastin component 血浆凝血致活酶成分PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 经皮冠状动脉血管成形术Ptf P- wave terminal force 心房终末电压PTT partial thromboplastin time 部分凝血活酶时间PUO pyrexia of unknown origin 原因不明的发热，无名热PVCs premature ventricular contractions 室性早搏PVE prosthetic valve endocarditis 人工瓣膜性心内膜炎PVR pulmonary vascular resistance 肺血管阻力PVT polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 多形性室性心动过速PWT posterior wall thickness 后壁厚度QQMI Q_wave myocardial infarction Q波型心肌梗塞QTd Q-T dispersion Q－T离散度QTc corrected QT interval 校正的QT间期RRA right arm 右臂RA right atrium 右心房RAD right axis deviation 电轴右偏RAAS renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 肾素－血管紧张素－醛固酮系统RAE right atrial enlargement 右心房扩大RAO right anterior oblique 右前斜位RAS renin-angiotensin system 肾素-血管紧张素系统RBBB right bundle branch block 右束支传导阻滞RBC red blood cell 红细胞RBC red blood (cell) count 红细胞计数RCA right coronary artery 右冠状动脉RCM restrictive cardiomyopathy 限制性心肌病RCTs randomized controlled trials 随机对照研究RES reticuloendothelial system 网状内皮系统RF rheumatoid factor 类风湿因子RFCA radiofrequency catheter ablation 射频消融术RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism 限制性片段长度多态性PHC Right-sided heart catheterization 右心导管检查RIST radioimmunosorbent test 放射免疫吸附试验RKY roentgenkymography X线记波照相术RNA ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸RNP ribonucleoprotein 核糖核酸蛋白ROM passive range of motion 被动活动ROSC return of spontaneous circulation 自主循环恢复RPF renal plasma flow 肾血浆流量RPS renal pressor substance 肾加压物质RQ respiratory quotient 呼吸商rT3 reverse triiodothyronine 反三碘甲状腺原氨酸r-TPA recombinant tissue plasminogen activator 重组的组织型纤溶酶原激活物RV residual capacity 残气量RV right ventricle 右心室RVAD right ventricular assist device 右心室辅助装置RVH right ventricular hypertrophy 右心室肥大RVI right ventricle infarction 右心室梗塞RVOT right ventricular outflow Tract 右室流出道SS1 first heart sound 第一心音S2 second heart sound 第二心音S3 third heart sound 第三心音S4 fourth heart sound 第四心音SA sinoatrial 窦房的SACT sinoatrial conduction time 窦房传导时间SAB sinoatrial block 窦房阻滞SAECG signal averaged electrocardiogram 信号叠加心电图SAH systemic arterial hypertension 体循环动脉高压SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage 蛛网膜下腔出血SAM systolic anterior motion （二尖瓣前叶）在收缩期前移SB sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓SBE subacute bacterial endocarditis 亚急性细菌性心内膜炎SBP systolic blood pressure 收缩压SBT serum bactericidal titer 血清杀菌剂滴度SC closure of the semilunar valves 半月瓣关闭SC subcutaneous 皮下SCD sudden cardiac death 心脏性猝死scu-PA single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator 单链尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物SD standard deviation 标准差SE stress echocardiography 负荷超声心动图SE standard error 标准误差SEC spontaneous echo contrast 自发性声学显影SFMC soluble fibrin monomer complex 可溶性纤维蛋白单体复合物SGOT glutamic oxaloacetic acid transferase 血清谷草转氨酶SH sulfhydryl 巯基SHR spontaneously hypertensive rat 自发性高血压大鼠SHRSP strok-prone SHR 具有中风倾向的自发性高血压大鼠SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome 全身炎症反应综合征SK streptokinase 链激酶SL sublingual 舌下SLE systemic lupus erythematosus 系统性红斑狼疮SM systolic murmur 收缩期杂音SMBG self-monitoring blood glucose 自我监测血糖SMCS smooth muscle cells 平滑肌细胞SMI silent myocardial ischemia 无症状性心肌缺血SNRT sinus node recovery time 窦房结恢复时间SNS sympathetic nervous system 交感神经系统SOB shortness of breath 呼吸短促SPECT single photon emission computed tomography 单光子发射型计算机断层显像SQTS short Q-T syndrome 短 Q-T 间期综合征SR sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌浆内质网ssDNA single-stranded DNA 单链DNASSS sick sinus syndrome 病态窦房结综合症ST sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速STI systolic time intervals 心室收缩时间间期SUDS sudden unexplained death syndrome 不明原因猝死综合症SUNDS sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome 不明原因的夜间猝死综合症SV stroke volume 每搏心输出量SVC superior vena cava 上腔静脉SVI stroke volume index 每搏量指数SVT supraventricular tachycardia 室上性心动过速SWI stroke work index 每搏作功指数TTa atrial repolarization 心房复极TABD triple acid-base disorders 三重性酸碱失衡TAT thrombin -antithrombin complex 凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物TC total cholesterol 总胆固醇Tc technetium 锝TDI tissue doppler imaging 组织多普勒成像TDP torsades de pointes 尖端扭转性室性心动过速TEE transesophageal echocardiography 经食道超声心动图TET treadmill exercise test 踏车运动试验TFPI tissue factor pathway inhibitor 组织因子途径抑制物TGA transposition of the great arteries 大动脉转位TGB thyroxine-binding globulin 甲状腺素结合球蛋白TGF-β transforming growth factor-beta 转化生长因子βTHAM tromethamine 三羟甲基氨基甲烷TIA transient ischemic attack 短暂性脑缺血发作TIMI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 心肌梗塞溶栓TLC total lung capacity 肺总量TM thrombomodulin 血栓调节蛋白TMLR transmyocardial laser revascularization 心肌再血管化TMST treadmill exercise test 踏车运动试验TNF tumor necrosis factor 肿瘤坏死因子T-PA tissue-type plasminogen activator 组织型纤溶酶原激活物TPP thrombus precussor protein 血栓前体蛋白TR tricuspid regurgitation 三尖瓣返流TRH thyrotropin-releasing hormone 促甲状腺素释放激素TS tricuspid stenosis 三尖瓣狭窄TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone 促甲状腺素TT thrombin time 凝血酶时间TT thrombolytic therapy 溶栓治疗TTE transthoracic echocardiography 经胸超声心动图TV tricuspid valve 三尖瓣TXA2 thromboxane A2 血栓烷A2TXB2 thromboxane B2 血栓烷B2UUA unstable angina 不稳定性心绞痛UCG ultrasound cardiogram 超声心动图UCM unclassified cardiomyopathies 不定型的心肌病UK urokinase 尿激酶u-PA urokinase type plasminogen activator 尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物URL upper rate limit 上限频率URTI upper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染US ultrasound 超声VV4R right precordial lead in V4 position 右胸导联V4的位置VAD ventricular assist device 心室辅助装置VC vital capacity 肺活量VCAM vascular cell adhesion molecule 血管细胞粘附分子VCG vectorcardiogram 心电向量图Vco2 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳产量VDH valvular disease of the heart 心瓣膜病VE minute ventilation 每分钟通气量VEDP ventricular end-diastolic pressure 心室舒张末压力VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor 血管内皮细胞生长因子VF ventricular fibrillation 室颤VFT ventricular fibrillation threshold 室颤阈值VLDL very-low-density lipoprotein 极低密度脂蛋白VLP ventricular late potential 心室晚电位VMA vanillylmandelic acid 香草扁桃酸Vo2 peak oxygen consumption 峰值氧耗Vo2 respiratory oxygen uptake 呼吸摄氧量VMA vanillylmandelic acid 3-甲氧基－4羟基苦杏仁酸VPBs ventricular premature beats 室性早搏VPC ventricular premature complex 心室早搏复合波VPD ventricular premature depolarization 心室过早去极化VRP ventricular refractory period 心室不应期VSD ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损VT ventricular tachycardia 室性心动过速VTE venous thromboembolism 静脉血栓栓塞VW vessel wall 血管壁vWF von willebrand factor 血管性血友病因子WWBC white blood cell 白细胞WBC white blood (cell) count 白细胞计数WHO world health organization 世界卫生组织α-MHC alpha-myosin heavy chain α－肌凝蛋白重链β-TG β-thromboglobulin β-血小板球蛋白23-DPG 23-diphosphoglycerate 23-二磷酸甘油酸5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine ５－羟色胺123I MIBG iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine I123标记的间碘苄胍17-KS 17-ketosteroids 17-酮皮质类固醇17-OHCS 17-hydroxycorticosteroid 17-羟皮质类固醇18-OHD 18-hydroxycorticosterone 18-羟皮质酮24hUFC 24h urine free cortisol 24小时尿液游离皮质醇。
品管常用英文缩写名词
品管常用英文缩写名词3C：Computer，Communication，Consumer Electronics产业整合4M：就是人(Man), 机(Machine), 料(Material), 法(Method)5M:制造工程的方法(Method)、材料(Material)、机械(Machine)、人员(Man)、量测(Measurement) 5S：整理(Seiri)、整顿(Seiton)、清扫(Seiso)、清洁(Seiketsu)、素养(Shitsuke)5W1H：5W是Why What Where When Who1H是How6 sigma：〝6个标准偏差〞或〝6倍标准偏差〞(6σ管理)8D：DisciplineDiscipline 1 - Organize and Plan组成小组团队Discipline 2 - Describe the Problem问题描述Discipline 3 - Containment Plan临时遏止措施Discipline 4 - Describe the Cause原因分析Discipline 5 - Permanent Corrective Action Plan永久改善对策Discipline 6 - Verification of Corrective Action改善效果确认Discipline 7 - Prevention of Recurrence预防再发对策Discipline 8 - Communicate Success成功经验的传递ABS：Anti-lock Brake System防死锁煞车系统ACC：Acceptable允收AI：Artificial Intelligence人工智能API：连展生产力改善活动(Acon Productivity Improvement)APQP：(advanced product quality planning and control plan)先期产品质量规划AOQL：Average Outgoing Quality Limit平均出厂质量界限AQL：Acceptable Quality Level允收质量水平AVL：物料承认合格厂商名录(Approved Vendor List)BOM：物料清单(Bill of material)BPM：流程管理or业务流程管理(Business Process Management)BVT：基本验证测试(Build Verification Test)，，对完成的代码进行编译和连接，产生一个构造，以检查程序的主要功能是否会像预期一样进行工作。
过程能力指数cp与cpk及cmk培训教材ppt课件
3、过程能力（准确度）
分布中心的偏离，会影响工序的加工精度。针对不同情况，其处理方 法如下表：
过程能力指数CP 1.33 ≤CP
1.00≤CP＜1.33 0.67≤CP＜1.00
CP＜0.67
偏离度K（％）
K ≤ 12.5
12.5＜ K ≤ 25 25＜ K ≤ 50
50＜ K
对分布中心是否采取措施 不必要 注意观察其变化，必要时采取措施 要采取措施 要采取纠正措施，或停止作业
9
一、过程能力基础知识
2、过程能力（加工精度）
精度： 是衡量工序能力对产品规格要求满足程度的数量值，记为Cp。通常以规格
范围T与工序能力 6* 的比值来表示。即：
不精确
••••••••••
精确
••••••••
10
一、过程能力基础知识
2、过程能力（加工精度）
过程能力指数是反映过程能力满足产品质量标准（规范、
目录
一、过程能力基础知识 二、过程（设备/性能）能力指数应用
1
一、过程能力基础知识
Cp (USL x)
3
Cp (x LSL)
3
Cp USL LSL T
6
6
标准差
2
一、过程能力基础知识
1、什么是标准差（） (1)
A枪手
B枪 手
(3)
(5)
C枪手
(7)
飞镖图解
1 3 5 7 10 7 5 3 1
18
一、过程能力基础知识
5、过程能力
过程能力指数－双侧公差
TL
x
与
M
重 合
图例
T
Mx
计算公式
TU
CP ＝ ＝
Cpk基本知识
什么是Ca?
• Ca:过程准确度; (Capability of Accuracy)
•Ca 在衡量“实际平均值“与“規格中心值”之一致 性;
• 对于单边规格，不存在规格中心，因此也就 不存在Ca; • 对于双边规格， X C
Ca =
T /2
Ca等级评定及处理原则
A B C D |Ca|<12.5%
无
Cpk=Cp(1- Ca )
等 级 A B C D A+ A B C D A+ A B C D
等级标准
Ca ≦ 12.5%
12.5%< Ca ≦25% 25%< Ca ≦50% 50%< Ca
1.67 ≦ Cp
1.33≦Cp<1.67 1≦Cp<1.33 0.67≦Cp<1 Cp<0.67 1.67≦Cpk 1.33≦Cpk<1.67 1≦Cpk<1.33 0.67≦Cpk<1 Cpk<0.67
作业员遵守作业标准操作並达到規格之要求,需继续保持.
12.5%<|Ca|<25% 有必要尽可能將其改进为A級 25%<|Ca|<50% 作业员可能看错規格不按作业标准操作或检讨規格及作业标准 50%<|Ca|
应采取紧急措施,全面检讨所有可能影响之因素,必要时得停止生产.
什么是Cp?
•Cp:潜在过程能力指数或制程精密度 (Capability
总结
代 号 定义 双边规格 计算公式 单边规格 无 准确度 比较制程实际平均值与规 Ca 格中心值一致的程度﹔ 精密度﹕ 比较规格公差宽度和制程 Cp 变异宽度﹔
X- C Ca= T/2
T Cp= 6σ
心血管常用英文缩写
心血管常用缩写AA2 aortic second sound 主动脉区第二音AA amino acid 氨基酸AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm 腹主动脉瘤Ab antibody 抗体ABE acute bacterial endocarditis 急性细菌性心内膜炎ABG arterial blood gases 动脉血气ABI ankle brachial index 踝肱指数ABP arterial blood pressure 动脉血压ABPM ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 动态血压监测AC alternating current 交流电AC aortic closure 动脉闭锁ACAT acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 胆固醇酰基转移酶ACE angiotensin converting enzyme 血管紧张素转化酶ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors 血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂ACG angiocardiography 心血管造影术ACh acetylcholine 乙酰胆碱ACS acute coronary syndromes 急性冠状动脉综合症ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone 促肾上腺皮质激素ADH antidiuretic hormone 抗利尿激素ADP adenosine diphosphate 二磷酸腺苷AECG ambulatory electrocardiography 动态心电图AEDs automatic external defibrillators 自动体外除颤器AF atrial fibrillation 房颤AFL atrial flutter 心房扑动AG atrial gallop 心房性奔马律AHA American Heart Association 美国心脏协会AHP apical hypertrophy 心尖部肥厚AI aortic incompetence 主动脉瓣关闭不全AI aortic insufficiency 主动脉瓣功能不全AI apical impulse 心尖搏动AICD automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator 埋藏式自动心脏复律除颤器AICDS automatic implanted cardioverter defibrillators 自动植入式心脏复律除颤器AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 爱滋病AIVR Accelerated idioventricular rhythm 加速性心室自主节律ALT alanine aminotransferase 丙氨酸氨基转移酶AMI acute myocardial imfarction 急性心肌梗塞AML anterior mitral valve leaflet 二尖瓣前叶ANA antinuclear antibody 抗核抗体ANCA antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies 抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体ANGII angiotensin II 血管紧张素IIANOVA analysis of variance 方差分析ANP atrial natriuretic hormone 心房利钠激素ANP atrial natriuretic peptide 心房利钠肽ANS autonomic nervous system 自主神经系统Ao aorta 主动脉AO opening of the atrioventricular valves 房室瓣张开AoP aortic pressure 主动脉压力AP accessory pathway 旁路AP action potential 动作电位AP angina pectoris 心绞痛AP arterial pressure 动脉压APB atrial premature beat 房性早搏APC atrial premature complex 房性早搏APH apical hypertrophy 心尖部肥厚APA action potential amplitude 动作电位幅度APC activated protein C 活化的蛋白CAPD action potential duration 动作电位时间apoA apolipoprotein A 载脂蛋白AapoB apolipoprotein B 载脂蛋白BaPPT actived partial thromboplastin time 激活的部分凝血活酶时间APSAC anisolysated plasminogen streptokinase activated complex 苯甲氧酰纤溶酶原链激酶活化复合物AR aortic regurgitation 主动脉瓣关闭不全AR alarm reaction 应激反应AR artificial respiration 人工呼吸ARDS adult respiratory distress syndrome 成人呼吸窘迫综合症Arg arginine 精氨酸ARP atrial refractory period 心房不应期ARVD arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 致心律失常性右心室发育不良AS aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄AS arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化ASCVD arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease 动脉粥样硬化性心血管病ASD atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损ASH asymmetric septal hypertrophy 非对称性心室间隔肥厚ASHD arteriosclerotic heart disease 动脉硬化性心脏病ASO anti-streptolysin "O" 抗链球菌溶血素OASO arteriosclerosis obliterans 闭塞性动脉硬化AST aspartate aminotransferase 天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶AT a ngiotensin Ⅱ receptor 血管紧张素Ⅱ受体AT atrial tachycardia 房性心动过速AT-Ⅲ：A antithrombin Ⅲ activity 抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性ATP adenosine triphosphate 三磷酸腺苷ATP antitachycardia pacing 抗心动过速起搏ATPase adenosinetriphosphatase 三磷酸腺苷酶AVA-V atrioventricular 房室性的AVN atrioventricular node 房室结AVNRT atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia 房室结折返性心动过速AVO atrioventricular orifice 房室口AVP arginine vasopressin 精氨酸加压素AVR aortic valve replacement 主动脉瓣置换术AVRT atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia 房室交互性心动过速BBBB blood-brain barrier 血脑屏障BBB bundle branch block 束支传导阻滞BBBB bilateral bundle branch block 双侧束支传导阻滞BBT basal body temperature 基础体温BDS biodegradable stents 生物可降解支架BFP biologic false-positive 生物学假阳性BLS basic life support 基础生命支持BMI body mass index 体质指数BMR basal metabolic rate 基础代谢率BNP brain natriuretic peptide 脑钠肽BUN blood urea nitrogen 尿素氮BP blood pressure 血压BPV blood pressure variability 血压波动性BRF renal blood flow 肾血流B.S. breath sounds 呼吸音B.S. blood sugar 血糖BSA body surface area 体表面积BUN blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮BVAD biventricular assist device 两心室辅助装置CCA cardiac arrest 心脏停搏CA coronary artery 冠状动脉CA catecholamine 儿茶酚胺C.A. circumflex coronary artery 左回旋支冠状动脉CABG coronary artery bypass grafting 冠状动脉旁路移植术CABS coronary artery bypass surgery 冠状动脉分流术CAD coronary artery disease 冠状动脉疾病CAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate 环磷酸腺苷CAVB complete atrioventricular block 完全房室传导阻滞CBC complete blood count 全血细胞计数CBF cerebral blood flow 脑血流量CC chief complaint 主诉CCPR cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation 心肺脑复苏CCU coronary care unit 冠心病监护病房CCU critical care unit 危症监护病房CD curative dose 有效量治疗量CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 疾病预防控制中心CEA carcinoembryonic antigen 癌胚抗原CEI cardiac effort index 心脏负荷指数CETP cholesteryl ester transfer protein 胆固醇酯转移蛋白CF cardiac failure 心力衰竭CFR coronary flow reserve 冠状动脉血流储备cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate 环-磷酸鸟苷CHD coronary heart disease 冠心病CHF congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭CHO Chinese hamster ovary (cell) 中国仓鼠卵巢细胞CI cardiac index 心脏指数CIC circulating immune complex 循环免疫复合物CIE counterimmunoelectrophoresis 对流免疫电泳CK creatine kinase 肌酸激酶CK-BB creatine kinase with brain subunits 肌酸激酶BB亚单位CK-MB creatine kinase-MB 肌酸激酶MB亚单位CK-MM creatine kinase with muscle subunits 肌酸激酶MM亚单位CM chylomicron 乳糜微粒CMLC cardiac myosin light chains 心脏肌凝蛋白轻链CMT circus movement tachycardia 环形运动性心动过速CNS central nervous system 中枢神经系统CO cardiac output 心输出量CoA coenzyme A 辅酶 ACOPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢性阻塞性肺病CPB cardiopulmonary bypass 体外循环CPAP continuous positive airway pressure 持续气道正压呼吸CPC clinicopathological conference 临床病历讨论会CPK creatine phosphokinase 磷酸肌酸激酶CPK-MB MB fraction of creatine phosphokinase 磷酸肌酸激酶同功酶MBCPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CRH corticotropin-releasing hormone 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素CRP C-reactive protein C反应蛋白CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy 心脏再同步治疗CS coronary sinus 冠状窦CSF colony-stimulating factor 集落刺激因子CSF cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液CSM carotid sinus massage 颈动脉窦按摩CSNRT corrected SNRT 校正的窦房结恢复时间CT clotting time 凝血时间CT computed Tomography 计算机体层Ｘ线摄影CTA CT angiography CT血管造影cTnI cardiac troponin I 心肌肌钙蛋白I cTnT cardiac troponin T 心肌肌钙蛋白T CTO chronic total occlusion 慢性闭塞病变CV cardiovascular 心血管的CVA cerebrovascular accident 脑血管意外CVD cardiovascular disease 心血管疾病CVP central venous pressure 中心静脉压CVS cardiovascular system 心血管系统DDAD delayed afterdepolarization 延迟后去极化D.A.H disordered action of heart 心功能失调DBP diastolic blood pressure 舒张压DC direct-current 直流电DCM dilated cardiomyopathy 扩张性心脏病DHEA-S dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 硫酸脱氢异雄酮DHF diastolic heart failure 舒张性心力衰竭DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation 弥漫性血管内凝血DL diffusion capacity 弥散量DM diabetes mellitus 糖尿病DM diastolic murmur 舒张期杂音DNA deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸DNR do not resuscitate 不复苏DOA dead on arrival 到达时已死亡DOC deoxycorticosterone 脱氧皮质酮DSA digital subtraction angiography 数字减影血管造影术dsDNA double-stranded DNA 双链脱氧核糖核酸DTPA diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid 二乙烯三胺五乙酸DVT deep venous thrombosis 深静脉血栓形成EEAD early afterdepolarization 早期后除极EAVNC enhanced A-V nodal conduction 房室结加速传导EBV Epstein-Barr virus EB病毒ECC external chest compression 胸外心脏按压ECG electrocardiogram 心电图ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 体外循环膜氧合ECS electrocerebral silence 脑电静止ECS endocannabinoid system 内分泌大麻系统ED emergency department 急诊室ED effective dose 有效剂量EDCFs endothelium-derived constricting factor 内皮衍生的收缩因子EDHF endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor 内皮衍生超极化因子EDRF endothelium-derived relaxing factor 内皮衍生的松弛因子EDV end-diastolic volume 舒张末期容积EERP extended endocardial resection procedure 心内膜伸展切除法EEV encircling endocardial ventriculotomy 心内膜面心室环切术EF ejection fraction 射血分数EKG electrocardiogram 心电图ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 酶联免疫吸附试验EMD electromechanical dissociation 电机械分离EMS emergency medical service 急救医疗服务ERBF effective renal blood flow 有效肾血流量EPS electrophysiology study 电生理检查EPSP excitatory postsynaptic potential 兴奋性突触后电位ER endoplasmic reticulum 内质网ERBF effective renal blood flow 有效肾血流量ERP effective refractory period 有效适应期ERP endocardial resection procedure 心内膜切除术ERT estrogen replacement therapy 雌激素替代疗法ERV expiratory reserve volume 补呼气容积ES cells Embryonic stem cells 胚胎干细胞ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate 血细胞沉降率ESRD end-stage renal disease 终末期肾脏疾病ESV end-systolic volume 收缩末期容积ET excitability threshold 兴奋性阈值ET endothelin 内皮素Fab fragmentantigen-binding 抗原结合片断FABP fatty acid binding protein 脂肪酸结合蛋白FBG fasting blood glucose 空腹血糖FDP fibrinogen degradation products 纤维蛋白原降解产物FEV1.0 forced expiratory volume in one second 第1秒用力呼气容积FFA free fatty acid 游离脂肪酸FGF fibroblast growth factor 纤维母细胞生长因子FH familial hypercholesterolemia 家族性高胆固醇血症FHC familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 家族性肥厚型心肌病FIO2 fraction of inspired oxygen 吸入气氧分数FML flail mitral leaflet 连枷样瓣叶FRC functional residual capacity 功能残气量FT3 free triiodothyronine 游离型T3FT4 free thyroxine 游离型甲状腺素FUO fever of undetermined origin 不明原因发热FVC forced vital capacity 用力肺活量GAD glutamic acid decarboxylase 谷氨酸脱羧酶GAP GTPase-activating protein GTP酶活化蛋白GBM glomerular basement membrane 肾小球基底膜G-CSF granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 粒细胞集落刺激因子GFR glomerular filtration rate 肾小球滤过率GHb glycosylated hemoglobin 糖化血红蛋白GI gastrointestinal 胃肠的GIK glucose_insulin_potassium 葡萄糖－胰岛素－钾（极化液）GITS the gastrointestinal therapeutic system 胃肠道治疗系统GMP guanosine monophosphate 一磷酸鸟苷GPBB glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme 糖原磷酸化酶同工酶BBGPT glutamic-pyruvic transaminase 谷丙转氨酶GTP guanosine triphosphate 三磷酸鸟苷GTT glucose tolerance test 葡萄糖耐量试验HAV hepatitis A virus 甲肝病毒Hb hemoglobin 血红蛋白HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c 糖化血红蛋白 A1cHBcAg hepatitis B core antigen 乙肝核心抗原HBeAg hepatitis B e antigen 乙肝e抗原HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen 乙肝e抗原HBE His bundle electrogram 希氏束电图HBV hepatitis B virus 乙肝病毒HbO2 oxyhemoglobin 氧合血红蛋白HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 肥厚型心肌病HCT hematocrit 血细胞比容，红细胞压积HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HERG Human Ether-a-go-go-Related Gene 人类eag相关基因HF heart failure 心力衰竭hFABP heart fatty acid binding protein 心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白HIT heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 肝素导致的血小板减少症HIV human immunodeficiency virus 人类免疫缺陷病毒HLHS hypoplastic left heart syndrome 左心发育不良综合征HMG-COA 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A ３羟甲基戊二酰辅酶ＡHMWK high molecular weight kininogen 高分子量激肽原HOCM hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy 肥厚梗阻性心肌病HOP high oxygen pressure 高压氧HP haptoglobin 结合珠蛋白，触珠蛋白HPI history of the present illness 现病史HPS His-Purkinje system 希氏束-浦肯野系统HR heart rate 心率HRV heart rate variability 心率变异性HuIFN human interferon 人体干扰素IIAB intraaortic balloon 主动脉内气囊IABP intraaortic balloon pump 主动脉内气囊泵IC inspiratory capacity 深吸气量ICD implantable cardioverter-defibrillator 埋藏式心脏复律－除颤器ICU intensive care unit 重症监护病房IDD insulin-dependent diabetes 胰岛素依赖性糖尿病IDL intermediate-density lipoprotein 中间密度脂蛋白IE infective endocarditis 感染性心内膜IFG impaired fasting glucose 空腹血糖调节受损IFN interferon 干扰素IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor-1 胰岛素样生长因子-1 IGT impaired glucose tolerance 葡萄糖耐量降低IHD ischemic heart disease 缺血性心脏病IHR intrinsic heart rate 固有心率IHSS idiopathic hypertrophy subaortic stenosis 特发性肥厚型主动脉瓣下狭窄IHUT isoproterenol-head-up tilt testing 异丙肾上腺素-倾斜试验IMA internal mammary artery 内乳动脉INR international normalized ratio 国际标准化比值IPG impedance plethysmography 阻抗容积描记法IPPB intermittent positive pressure breathing 间歇性正压呼吸IR insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗IRMS insulin resistance metabolic syndrome 胰岛素抵抗代谢综合征IRS insulin resistance syndrome 胰岛素抵抗综合征IRV inspiratory reserve volume 补吸气容积ISA intrinsic sympathomimetic activity 内源性拟交感活性IU international unit 国际单位IV intravenously 静脉注射IVC inferior vena cava 下腔静脉IVP intravenous pyelography 静脉肾盂造影IVRT isovolumic relaxation time 等容舒张时间IVS interventricular septum 室间隔IVST interventricular septal thickness 室间隔厚度IVUS intravascular ultrasound 血管内超声JJ joule 焦耳KKD Keshan disease 克山病LLA left arm 左臂LA left atrium 左心房LAD left anterior descending (coronary artery) 冠状动脉左前降支LAD left axis deviation 电轴左偏]LADA latent autoimmune diabetes in adult 成人隐匿自身免疫糖尿病LAE left atrial enlargement 左心房扩大LAFB left anterior fascicular block 左前分支阻滞LAH left anterior hemiblock 左前分支阻滞LAO left anterior oblique 左前斜位LAP left atrial pressure 左心房压力LAPB left anterior parietal block 左前分支末梢阻滞LATS long-acting thyroid stimulator 长效甲状腺刺激素LBBB left bundle branch block 左束支传导阻滞LCA left coronary artery 左冠状动脉LCAT lecithin ：cholesterol acyltransferase 卵磷脂胆固醇酰基转移酶LCX left circumflex artery 左冠状动脉回旋支LDH lactate dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LF left leg 左腿LP(α) α-lipoprotein α脂蛋白LPFB left posterior fascicular block 左后分支阻滞LPH left posterior hemiblock 左后半阻滞LPL lipoprotein lipase 脂蛋白酯酶LQ-T1 long Q-T locus 1 长Q－T位点1LQTS long QT syndrome 长QT综合症LRL lower rate limit 下限频率LV left ventricle 左心室LVAD left ventricular assist device 左室辅助装置LVEDP left ventricular end-diastolic pressure 左室舒张末压LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume 左室舒张末容积LVET left ventricular ejection time 左心室射血时间LVH left ventricular hypertrophy 左室肥厚LVMI left ventricular mass index 左室重量指数MMAF macrophage activating factor 巨噬细胞活化因子MAG3 mercaptoacetyltriglycine 巯基乙酰三甘氨酸MAO monoamine oxidase 单胺氧化酶MAOI monoamine oxidase inhibitor 单胺氧化酶抑制剂MAP mean arterial pressure 平均动脉压MAPK mitogen-actived protein kinase 有丝分裂激活的蛋白激酶MAT multifocal atrial tachycardia 多源性房性心动过速MBC minimum bactericidal concentration 最小杀菌浓度MB-CK MB creatine kinase 肌酸磷酸激酶MB亚单位MCE myocardial contrast echocardiography 心肌造影超声心动图MCF macrophage chemotactic factor 巨噬细胞趋化因子MCH mean corpuscular hemoglobin 红细胞平均血红蛋白量MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度MCT mean circulation time 平均循环时间MCV mean corpuscular volume 平均红细胞容积MDF myocardial depressant factor 心肌抑制因子MDP maximum diastolic potential 最大舒张电位MEN multiple endocrine neoplasia 多发性内分泌肿瘤METS multiple of basal metabolic oxygen consumption 基础代谢氧消耗倍数MHC myosin heavy chain 肌球蛋白重链MI myocardial imfarction 心肌梗塞MIC minimum inhibitory concentration 最小抑菌浓度MLC myosin light chain 肌凝蛋白轻链MMD minor myocardial damage 微小心肌损伤MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 多脏器功能障碍综合征MPD maximum permissible dose 最大允许剂量MPS mononuclear phagocyte system 单核巨噬细胞系统MPS mucopolysaccharidosis 粘多糖（贮积）病MR mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣关闭不全MRA magnetic resonance angiography 核磁共振血管造影MRI magnetic resonance imaging 核磁共振显像mRNA messenger RNA 信使核糖核酸MS metabolic syndrome 代谢综合征MS mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄MSCT multi-slice computed tomography 多层螺旋CT MSCTCA MSCT coronary angiography 多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影MSL midsternal line 胸骨中线MV mitral valve 二尖瓣MVO2 myocardial oxygen requirements 心肌需氧量MVP mitral valve prolapse 二尖瓣脱垂MVV maximal voluntary ventilation 最大自主通气量NNBTE nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis 非细菌性血栓性心内膜炎NED no evidence of disease 无疾病证据NEFA nonesterified fatty acids 非酯型脂肪酸游离脂肪酸NEP neutral endopeptidase 中性内肽酶NIDD non-insulin-dependent diabetes 非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病NMR nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振NO nitric oxide 一氧化氮NPN nonprotein nitrogenNQWMI non-Q-wave myocardial infarction 非Ｑ波心肌梗塞NSAIA nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic 非类固醇消炎止痛药NSAIDs nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs 非甾族抗炎药物NSR normal sinus rhythm 正常窦律NTP normal temperature and pressure 正常体温与血压NVE native valve endocarditis 自身瓣膜心内膜炎NYHA New York Heart Association 纽约心脏协会OOMB obtuse marginal branch 钝缘支OR operating room 手术室OS opening snap 开放拍击音OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征OTC over the counter 非处方药物OTD organ tolerance dose 器官耐受剂量(X线)PP2 pulmonic second sound 肺动脉第二心音PA posteroanterior 后前位的PA pulmonary artery 肺动脉PAC premature atrial complex 期前心房复合波PAF platelet-activating factor 血小板激活因子PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 纤维蛋白酶原激活物抑制剂-1PAP plasmin-antiplasmin complex 纤溶酶抗纤溶酶复合物PAT paroxysmal atrial tachycardia 阵发性房性心动过速PAWP pulmonary artery wedge pressure 肺动脉楔压力PBAV percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty 经皮球囊主动脉瓣成形术PBMV percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty 经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术PBPV percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty 经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术PC:A protein C activity 蛋白C活性PCG phonocardiogram 心音图PCI percutaneous coronary intervention 经皮冠状动脉介入干预Pco2 carbon dioxide partial pressure 二氧化碳分压力Pco2 carbon dioxide partial tension 二氧化碳分张力PCR polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链反应PCV packed cell volume 血细胞压积PCWP pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 肺毛细血管楔压PDA patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭PDA posterior descending coronary artery 冠脉后降支PDE phosphodiesterase 磷酸二酯酶PDIs Phosphodiesterase inhibitors 磷酸二酯酶抑制剂PDGF platelet derived growth factor 血小板源生长因子PEA pulseless electrical activity 无脉性电活动PEEP positive endexpiratory pressure 呼气末正压呼吸PES programmed electrical stimulation 程控电刺激PET positron emission-computed tomography 正电子发射型计算机断层显像PF4 platelet factor 4 血小板第4因子PG prostaglandin 前列腺素PGI2 prostacyclin 前列环素PICVI Percutaneous in situ coronary venous arterialization 经皮原位冠状静脉动脉化PJRT permanent junctional repciprocating tachycardia 持久性交界性交互心动过速PJT paroxysmal junctional tachycardia 阵发性交界性心动过速PKC protein kinase C 蛋白激酶CPLAATO Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Transcatheter Occluder 经皮导管左心耳闭塞器PLS prolonged life support 延续生命支持PMI point of maximal impulse 最强心尖搏动点PMVL posterior mitral valve leaflet 二尖瓣后叶PMT pacemaker mediated tachycardia 起搏器介入性心动过速PO2 oxygen partial pressure 氧分压力PO2 oxygen partial tension 氧分张力POCT point of care test 床旁检查PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 过氧化物酶体增生物活化受体PPD purified protein derivative (tuberculin) 精制蛋白衍化物（结核菌素）PR peripheral resistance 外周阻力PR pulmonic regurgitation 肺动脉瓣关闭不全PRA plasma renin activity 血浆肾素活性PRG phleborheography 静脉血流描记法PS protein S 蛋白SPS pulmonic stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄PS pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉瓣狭窄PSM presystolic murmur 收缩前杂音PSVT paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 阵发性室上性心动过速PT prothrombin time 凝血酶原时间PT pulmonary trunk 肺动脉干PTA plasma thromboplastin 血浆凝血致活酶前质PTC plasma thromboplastin component 血浆凝血致活酶成分PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 经皮冠状动脉血管成形术Ptf P- wave terminal force 心房终末电压PTT partial thromboplastin time 部分凝血活酶时间PUO pyrexia of unknown origin 原因不明的发热，无名热PVCs premature ventricular contractions 室性早搏PVE prosthetic valve endocarditis 人工瓣膜性心内膜炎PVR pulmonary vascular resistance 肺血管阻力PVT polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 多形性室性心动过速PWT posterior wall thickness 后壁厚度QQMI Q_wave myocardial infarction Q波型心肌梗塞QTd Q-T dispersion Q－T离散度QTc corrected QT interval 校正的QT间期RRA right arm 右臂RA right atrium 右心房RAD right axis deviation 电轴右偏RAAS renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 肾素－血管紧张素－醛固酮系统RAE right atrial enlargement 右心房扩大RAO right anterior oblique 右前斜位RAS renin-angiotensin system 肾素-血管紧张素系统RBBB right bundle branch block 右束支传导阻滞RBC red blood cell 红细胞RBC red blood (cell) count 红细胞计数RCA right coronary artery 右冠状动脉RCM restrictive cardiomyopathy 限制性心肌病RCTs randomized controlled trials 随机对照研究RES reticuloendothelial system 网状内皮系统RF rheumatoid factor 类风湿因子RFCA radiofrequency catheter ablation 射频消融术RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism 限制性片段长度多态性PHC Right-sided heart catheterization 右心导管检查RIST radioimmunosorbent test 放射免疫吸附试验RKY roentgenkymography X线记波照相术RNA ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸RNP ribonucleoprotein 核糖核酸蛋白ROM passive range of motion 被动活动ROSC return of spontaneous circulation 自主循环恢复RPF renal plasma flow 肾血浆流量RPS renal pressor substance 肾加压物质RQ respiratory quotient 呼吸商rT3 reverse triiodothyronine 反三碘甲状腺原氨酸r-TPA recombinant tissue plasminogen activator 重组的组织型纤溶酶原激活物RV residual capacity 残气量RV right ventricle 右心室RVAD right ventricular assist device 右心室辅助装置RVH right ventricular hypertrophy 右心室肥大RVI right ventricle infarction 右心室梗塞RVOT right ventricular outflow Tract 右室流出道SS1 first heart sound 第一心音S2 second heart sound 第二心音S3 third heart sound 第三心音S4 fourth heart sound 第四心音SA sinoatrial 窦房的SACT sinoatrial conduction time 窦房传导时间SAB sinoatrial block 窦房阻滞SAECG signal averaged electrocardiogram 信号叠加心电图SAH systemic arterial hypertension 体循环动脉高压SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage 蛛网膜下腔出血SAM systolic anterior motion （二尖瓣前叶）在收缩期前移SB sinus bradycardia 窦性心动过缓SBE subacute bacterial endocarditis 亚急性细菌性心内膜炎SBP systolic blood pressure 收缩压SBT serum bactericidal titer 血清杀菌剂滴度SC closure of the semilunar valves 半月瓣关闭SC subcutaneous 皮下SCD sudden cardiac death 心脏性猝死scu-PA single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator 单链尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物SD standard deviation 标准差SE stress echocardiography 负荷超声心动图SE standard error 标准误差SEC spontaneous echo contrast 自发性声学显影SFMC soluble fibrin monomer complex 可溶性纤维蛋白单体复合物SGOT glutamic oxaloacetic acid transferase 血清谷草转氨酶SH sulfhydryl 巯基SHR spontaneously hypertensive rat 自发性高血压大鼠SHRSP strok-prone SHR 具有中风倾向的自发性高血压大鼠SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome 全身炎症反应综合征SK streptokinase 链激酶SL sublingual 舌下SLE systemic lupus erythematosus 系统性红斑狼疮SM systolic murmur 收缩期杂音SMBG self-monitoring blood glucose 自我监测血糖SMCS smooth muscle cells 平滑肌细胞SMI silent myocardial ischemia 无症状性心肌缺血SNRT sinus node recovery time 窦房结恢复时间SNS sympathetic nervous system 交感神经系统SOB shortness of breath 呼吸短促SPECT single photon emission computed tomography 单光子发射型计算机断层显像SQTS short Q-T syndrome 短 Q-T 间期综合征SR sarcoplasmic reticulum 肌浆内质网ssDNA single-stranded DNA 单链DNASSS sick sinus syndrome 病态窦房结综合症ST sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速STI systolic time intervals 心室收缩时间间期SUDS sudden unexplained death syndrome 不明原因猝死综合症SUNDS sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome 不明原因的夜间猝死综合症SV stroke volume 每搏心输出量SVC superior vena cava 上腔静脉SVI stroke volume index 每搏量指数SVT supraventricular tachycardia 室上性心动过速SWI stroke work index 每搏作功指数TTa atrial repolarization 心房复极TABD triple acid-base disorders 三重性酸碱失衡TAT thrombin -antithrombin complex 凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物TC total cholesterol 总胆固醇Tc technetium 锝TDI tissue doppler imaging 组织多普勒成像TDP torsades de pointes 尖端扭转性室性心动过速TEE transesophageal echocardiography 经食道超声心动图TET treadmill exercise test 踏车运动试验TFPI tissue factor pathway inhibitor 组织因子途径抑制物TGA transposition of the great arteries 大动脉转位TGB thyroxine-binding globulin 甲状腺素结合球蛋白TGF-β transforming growth factor-beta 转化生长因子βTHAM tromethamine 三羟甲基氨基甲烷TIA transient ischemic attack 短暂性脑缺血发作TIMI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 心肌梗塞溶栓TLC total lung capacity 肺总量TM thrombomodulin 血栓调节蛋白TMLR transmyocardial laser revascularization 心肌再血管化TMST treadmill exercise test 踏车运动试验TNF tumor necrosis factor 肿瘤坏死因子T-PA tissue-type plasminogen activator 组织型纤溶酶原激活物TPP thrombus precussor protein 血栓前体蛋白TR tricuspid regurgitation 三尖瓣返流TRH thyrotropin-releasing hormone 促甲状腺素释放激素TS tricuspid stenosis 三尖瓣狭窄TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone 促甲状腺素TT thrombin time 凝血酶时间TT thrombolytic therapy 溶栓治疗TTE transthoracic echocardiography 经胸超声心动图TV tricuspid valve 三尖瓣TXA2 thromboxane A2 血栓烷A2TXB2 thromboxane B2 血栓烷B2UUA unstable angina 不稳定性心绞痛UCG ultrasound cardiogram 超声心动图UCM unclassified cardiomyopathies 不定型的心肌病UK urokinase 尿激酶u-PA urokinase type plasminogen activator 尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物URL upper rate limit 上限频率URTI upper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染US ultrasound 超声VV4R right precordial lead in V4 position 右胸导联V4的位置VAD ventricular assist device 心室辅助装置VC vital capacity 肺活量VCAM vascular cell adhesion molecule 血管细胞粘附分子VCG vectorcardiogram 心电向量图Vco2 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳产量VDH valvular disease of the heart 心瓣膜病VE minute ventilation 每分钟通气量VEDP ventricular end-diastolic pressure 心室舒张末压力VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor 血管内皮细胞生长因子VF ventricular fibrillation 室颤VFT ventricular fibrillation threshold 室颤阈值VLDL very-low-density lipoprotein 极低密度脂蛋白VLP ventricular late potential 心室晚电位VMA vanillylmandelic acid 香草扁桃酸Vo2 peak oxygen consumption 峰值氧耗Vo2 respiratory oxygen uptake 呼吸摄氧量VMA vanillylmandelic acid 3-甲氧基－4羟基苦杏仁酸VPBs ventricular premature beats 室性早搏VPC ventricular premature complex 心室早搏复合波VPD ventricular premature depolarization 心室过早去极化VRP ventricular refractory period 心室不应期VSD ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损VT ventricular tachycardia 室性心动过速VTE venous thromboembolism 静脉血栓栓塞VW vessel wall 血管壁vWF von willebrand factor 血管性血友病因子WWBC white blood cell 白细胞WBC white blood (cell) count 白细胞计数WHO world health organization 世界卫生组织α-MHC alpha-myosin heavy chain α－肌凝蛋白重链β-TG β-thromboglobulin β-血小板球蛋白23-DPG 23-diphosphoglycerate 23-二磷酸甘油酸5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine ５－羟色胺123I MIBG iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine I123标记的间碘苄胍17-KS 17-ketosteroids 17-酮皮质类固醇17-OHCS 17-hydroxycorticosteroid 17-羟皮质类固醇18-OHD 18-hydroxycorticosterone 18-羟皮质酮24hUFC 24h urine free cortisol 24小时尿液游离皮质醇。
CPK(过程能力指数) 基本知识
限）
整理课件
Cpk等级评定及处理原则
等级 A+ A B C D
Cpk值
处理原则
≧1.67
无缺点、考虑降低成本
1.33 ≦ Cpk ＜ 1.67 状态良好维持现状
1.00 ≦ Cpk ＜ 1.33 改进为 A 级
0.67 ≦ Cpk ＜ 1.00 制程不良较多，必须提升其能力
Cpk ＜ 0.67 制程能力太差，应考虑重新整改设计制程
整理课件
Cpk和过程良率換算
Cpk
每一百件之不良 Defects per 100 parts
每一百万件之不良(Dppm) Defects per million parts
合格率%
0.33
31.7
0.67
4.5
1
0.27
1.33
0.0063
9.995 10.014
9.928 9.983 9.972 10.016 9.992 9.987 10.025 9.972
9.981 9.971 9.914 9.976 10.054 10.003 10.027 9.995 10.021 9.975
9.963 10.095 10.017
9.968 10.159
1.67
0.000057
2
0.0000002
317310 45500 2700
63 0.57 0.002
68.3 95.5 99.73 99.9937 100 ≒100
整理课件
推理题2
用一个3升的杯子和一 个5升的杯子，量出4升 水，不用其他的辅助工 具。 （杯子无刻度）
整理课件
Cpk介绍
CF/MF/MO F CEMENT Resistor
C
N/A
N/A
E
03X 04X
CHIP Resistor
C
B
1.增加CS低阻值電阻 端電極與layout匹配 內容 2.電阻Crack通過 BendingTest可考量電 阻承受應力的能力
1.機種：GPS-350JB A P/N:0361726501 描述：阻值漂移導致OCP不良 2,機種：DPS-400-8A P/N:0311259006 描述：測顆電阻在幾種上使用一年半左右會出 現電蝕，原因保護層未能起到防護作用導致濕氣進入 ,此不良可以通過做耐濕負荷試驗 可以驗證。保護層的薄弱環節在Coating、Glass、以及端電極部位金屬與非金屬結合面 位置 3..機種：DPS-1200FB-1 P/N：0391600202 描述：材料在產線出現Crack導致電阻 OPEN，通過做Bending test 驗證出其耐bending的能力不符合規格。
分析與建議 : 1, SIP在新材料開發及廠商評鑒稽核方面收獲很少; 2,新材料開發反映了CE技術能力前瞻性差 , 需要BG給予指導; 3,新廠商評鑒和稽核反映了我們缺乏有效的執行工具 , 按照不同材料別結合SIP等建立專業的Check List , 作為執行的工具; 4,主動材料相對比較復雜 , 如何增強和FA LAB結合增強分析能力是必須努力的; 5,機構材料相對簡單,但是必須保証量產穩定性並且將量產參數同時在零件承認時管制. Confidential
B
14X
Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor
B
N/A
NA
承認NCC 149162287007 缺少SIP信賴性要求測試項 目: 1. Electrical Parameters. 2.Resistance To Soldering Heat Test 焊錫耐熱性; 3.Solderability Test 可焊性 2、廠商金山 145028215666料號承認時，提供的信賴 性報告中load life 測試條件:額定環境溫度,額定電壓下 測試, 未按照SIP定義要求: 同時加載額定紋波電流測試
汽车体系缩写
Abbreciation........Note........Chinese........Remark........8D........8.Discipline.Report........8D.报告prehensive.team-based.corrective.action.plan.for.objectively.identifying,.qua ntifying.and.resolving.process.and.product.quality.issuesA........ABS........Anti-lock.Break.System........防抱死制动系统................ABS＋T................防抱死制动系统+循迹系统................ACI........Automatic.Car.Identification.System........汽车自动识别系统........ ........APQP........Advanced.Product.Quality.Planning........产品质量先期策划........ ........AQL........Approval.Quality.Level........品质允收水准........C=0/AQL=04 ........APQP........Advanced.Product.and..Quality.Planning.........先期质量策划........ ........ASC................加速防滑控制品................ASD........Approval.Supplier.Database........合格供应商名录................ASES........Alliance.Supplier.Evaluation.Standard........................ASM................动态稳定系统................ASN........Advance.Shipping.Notification........................ASR................加速防滑系统................ASSY........Assembly........装配................A-TRC................车身主动循迹控制系统................AVL........Approved.Vendor.List........被Intier客户和Intier批准的供应商名单........ ........AYC................主动偏行系统........B........BAS................制动辅助系统................BDAR........Business.Development.Activity.Request........................BOM........Bill.Of.Material........材料清单........C........CAputer.Aided.Design........计算机辅助设计................CAPEX........SCAPital.Expenditure................"ed.for.controlling.progra m.budget.during.and.after.an.APQP.program"'s........Critical.Characteristics........关键特性................CDL........Control.Door.Lock........控制门锁................CER........Capital.Expenditure.Request...固定资产投资申请........"CER.is.a.capital.expenditure.application.package.that.alldivisions.of.Intier.Group.are.requested.to.fill.out.when.there.is.a.new.program.and/or.capi tal.investment"........CFT........Cross.Functional.Team........跨部门小组................CFR................成本加运费（……指定目的港）................CIF........Cost.Insurance&Freight........到岸价................CIP................运费、保险费付至（……指定目的港）................CMK........Capability.of.Machine.Index........设备能力指数................Change.Notice........更改通知........pany.Operating.Procedure........公司营运程序................CP.........Control.Plan........控制计划................CPK........Capability.of.Process.Index........工序能力指数................CPT................运费付至（……指定目的港）........D........DAF................边境交货（……指定地点）................DCC........Document.Control.Coordinator........文件控制协调员........ ........DDP........Delivery.with.Duty.Paid........完税交货价................DDU........Delivery.with.Duty.Unpaid........未完税交货价................DES........Delivered.Ex.Ship........目的港船上交货价................DEQ........Delivered.Ex.Quay........目的港码头交货价................DFM........Design.For.Manufacturing................bor........直接员工................DMN........Defect.Material.Notice........不合格品控制单................DOS........Days.Of.Stock........存货天数................DSC/VSC................车身稳定控制系统................DV........Design.Verification.........设计验证........DV.are.tests,.inspections,.and.procedures.that.must.be.accomplished.before.produ ctions.starts.to.verify.design.intentＥ........EBA................紧急制动辅助系统................EBD................电子制动力分配系统................ECN........Engineering.Change.Notice........工程变更通知................ECR........Engineering.Change.Request.........工程变更申请........ECR.is.a.request.for.a.change.to.the.product........ECU........Engineering.Change.Utilization........工程变更实施................EDI........Electronic.Data.Infrastructrue........电子数据信息................EDS................电子差速锁................EES................座椅自动调节系统................EHS........Environment,.Health&Safety........环境、健康、安全........ ........EIC........Carbon.Emission.Index........碳排放量指数................EOL........End.of.Line........终检........"ed.at.the.end.of.theassembly.line.to.ensure.that.all.products.meet.specific.requirements"........EOS........Employee.Opinion.Survey........员工意见调查................EPS........Expanded.Polystyrenes........改良聚苯乙烯................ERP........Enterprise.Resources.Planning........企业资源计划................ESP................电子稳定程序系统................EV........Equipment.Variation........设备变差................EXW................厂内交货........F........FAI........First.Article.Inspection........首次检验................FAQ‘s........Frequently.Ask.Question........常见问题................FAS................船边交货（……指定装运港）................FCA................货交承运人(……指定地点）................FF................前轮驱动................FIFO........First.In.First.Out........先进先出标签................FMEA........Failure.Mode.and.Effects.Analysis........失效模式及后果分析........ ........FOB........Free.on.board........离岸价................FQC........Finial.Quality.Control........最终出货检验................FR................后轮驱动................FSP........Ford.Supplier.Portal........................F-W-D.Car................前轮驱动轿车........G........GAGE........gage........量具................GD&T........Geometric.Dimensioning&Tolerancing........形状与位置公差........ ........GIS................地理信息管理系统................GPS........Global.Postioning.System........全球卫星定位系统................GP12........General.Motor.Process.12........通用遏制计划................GT................跑车........I........IATF........International.Automotive.Task.Force........国际汽车工作组........ bor........间接员工................IMDS........International.Material.Data.System........................IRR........Incoming.Reject.Report.........进料拒收报告........anization........国际标准化组织........ J........JD........Job.Description........工作描述................JIT.........Just.In.Time........及时生产........K........KC........key.characteristics........关键特性................KOI........Key.Operating.Index........主要绩效考核指标........L........LOT........lot........批次........M........MAR........Manufacturing.Action.Request.Form........特采单........ ........MES........Manufacturing.Execution.System................"ed. to.describe.manufacturing.systems.that.perform.tracking,.process.monitoring.and.control.of.automated.manufactuing.processes"........MFG........Manufacturing........................MPV........Multi.Purpose.Vehicles........多功能汽车................MOQ........Min.Order.Quatity........................MPS........Master.Production.Schedule........................MRB........Material.Review.Board........材料审核小组........Consist.Quality,.Material,.ME,.Production........MRO........Maintenance.Repair.and.Others........非原材料采购........ ........MSA........Measure.System.Analysis........测量系统分析........N........NCRs........Nonconformance.Reports........不符合项报告........O........ODS........Operator.Description.Sheet................"ed.to.describe.and/or.ill ustrate.what.anplete.his/her.job.properly"........OEE........Overall.Equipment.Effectiveness........全面设备效率........ ........OEM........Original.Equipment.manufacturers........原始设备制造商（主机厂）........ ........OGP........ogp(公司名）........光学测量仪................OIL........Open.Issue.List........开口问题清单........"ed.for.recording.review.and.disposition.of.concerns.from.customers,.internal.and.supplier.concerns"........OQC........Output.Quality.Control........出货检验................OTS........Off.Tooling.Sample........工装样件........"Off.tool.samples.are.the.initial.samples.that.supplierssubmit.for.assessment.of.tlloing.and.functions"P........PCL........Powered.Child.Lock........电动儿童门锁................PCN........Process.Change.Notice........工艺变更通知........PCN.is.a.request.for.a.change.to.the.process........PCN................................PDP........Product.Delievery.Process........................PEP........Program.Execution.Process........................PFMEA........Process.Failure.Mode.and.Effects.Analysis........过程失效模式及后果分析................PM........Program.Manager........................PP................................PPAP........Production.Parts.Approval.Process........生产件批准程序........ ........PPK........primary.Process.Capability........短期过程能力........lion.quality.metrics........百万分之概率................PSO........Process.Sign-Off........................PSW........Part.Submit.Warranty........零件提交保证................PV.Test........Production.Validation.Test........工艺生产验证........"ed.to.validate.a.product.or.process.forvolume.production"Q........QC........Quality.Control........质量控制................QIP................过程检验规程................QMS........Quality.Management.System........质量管理体系................QOS................................QSA........Quality.System.Audit........质量体系评定................Quattro................全时四轮驱动系统........rmation........信息申请表................RFQ........Request.For.Quote........报价申请........"Request.from.Customer(S)rmation.on.a.product.or.a.proposal"........RPN........Risk.Priority.Number........风险系数................RSP................电子稳定程序.................RTV........Return.To.Vendor........退回供应商................Run#Rate................节拍生产........"A.systematic.tool.to.qualify.the.output.of.manufacturing.process.interms.of.documentation.and.implementation"S........SC's........Special.Characteristics........特殊特性........"Are.specifications.which.require.special.manufacuring.control.toernment.requirements"........SIM........Supplier.Improvement.Metrics........供应商改进数据........"Supplier.performance.measurements.available.through.FSP(Ford.Supplier.Portal"........SLL........Skip.Lot.List........免检清单................SOP.........Start.Of.Production........批量生产........"estone.date.that.a.product/assembly.line.stars.its.volume.production.after.PV.test.passes.and.PPAP.is.approved.by.the.customer" ........SOP's........Standard.Operation.Procedure........标准作业程序................SPC........Statistical.Process.Control,........统计过程控制........"e.of.statistical.techniques.such.as.control.charts.to.analyze.a.process.or.its.outputs.so.as.to.take.appropriate.actions.to.achieve.and.a.state .of.statistical.control.and.to.improve.the.process.capability,"........SQA........Supplier.Quality.Assurance........................SREA........Supplier.Request.for.Engineering.Approval........................SRS................双安全气囊................STA........Supplier.Technical.Assistance........供应商技术支持........"pany's.team.dedicated.to.assist.in.the.development.of.supplier.processes"T........TRC/TCS................牵引力控制系统........V........VDA........Verdand.Dor.Automobiliudustrie.ev........德国汽车工业联合会........Ｗ........WGQ................外高桥........ ........WI........Work.Instruction。
cpk指数范围
cpk指数范围【最新版】目录1.CPK 指数的定义和意义2.CPK 指数的计算方法和范围3.CPK 指数的应用领域和实际案例4.CPK 指数的优缺点及发展前景正文CPK 指数（过程能力指数）是一种衡量制造过程稳定性和精度的指标，它反映了过程加工质量与设计要求的接近程度。
CPK 指数的范围可以评估一个过程是否能够满足产品设计的要求，对于保证产品质量和提高生产效率具有重要意义。
一、CPK 指数的定义和意义CPK 指数是一种过程能力指数，其全称为过程能力/过程性能指数。
它通过对过程的均值和标准差进行计算，衡量过程加工质量与设计要求的接近程度。
CPK 指数的取值范围为 0-2，数值越大，表示过程的稳定性和精度越高，越能满足产品设计的要求。
二、CPK 指数的计算方法和范围CPK 指数的计算方法为：CPK = min[(USL-μ)/(3σ), (μ-LSL)/(3σ)]，其中 USL 为上限规格线，LSL 为下限规格线，μ为过程均值，σ为过程标准差。
CPK 指数的范围分为三个等级：CPK>1.67，表示过程能力过高，可能导致过度加工和资源浪费；1.67>CPK>1.00，表示过程能力正常，可以满足产品设计的要求；CPK<1.00，表示过程能力不足，需要进行改进以提高产品质量。
三、CPK 指数的应用领域和实际案例CPK 指数广泛应用于制造业，尤其是汽车、航空航天、电子等行业。
通过计算和评估 CPK 指数，企业可以判断过程的稳定性和精度，从而采取相应的措施提高产品质量和生产效率。
例如，在汽车制造行业中，某企业生产汽车零部件，其设计要求为长度尺寸在 100±0.5mm 之间。
经过测量，该企业生产过程的均值为 100.1mm，标准差为 0.15mm。
计算得到 CPK 指数为 1.33，说明该企业的生产过程能够满足产品设计的要求，产品质量得到保证。
四、CPK 指数的优缺点及发展前景CPK 指数作为一种衡量制造过程稳定性和精度的指标，具有直观、简单、易于理解的优点，被广泛应用于制造业。
毒理学缩写词
Toxicological AbbreviationsMay 1998AA activation analysis; atomic absorptionAAF acetylaminofluoreneAAPCC American Association of Poison Control CentersAAS atomic absorption spectrophotometryABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styreneACE angiotensin-converting enzymeACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists ACh acetylcholineAChE acetylcholinesteraseAcP acid phosphataseACTH adrenocorticotropic hormoneAD Alzheimer's diseaseADH alcohol dehydrogenase; anti-diuretic hormoneADI acceptable daily intakeADP adenosine diphosphateAEP auditory evoked potentialAES atomic emission spectroscopyAFID alkali flame ionization detectionAh aromatic hydrocarbonAHH aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylaseai active ingredientAIDS acquired immune deficiency syndromeAIN acute interstitial nephritisALA aminolevulinic acidALAD ²-aminolaevulinic acid dehydrataseALAS o-aminolevulinic acid synthetaseALAT alanine aminotransferaseALC approximate lethal concentrationALD approximate lethal doseALMS atomic line molecular spectrometryALT alanine aminotransferaseAM alveolar macrophagesAMP amperometric titrationAMPA aminomethylphosphonic acidANTU alpha-naphthylthioureaAP alkaline phosphataseAPDM aminopyrine-N-demethylaseAPP ammonium polyphosphateAQG Air Quality GuidelinesARF acute renal failureARL acceptable or tolerable residue limitART alternate reproductive testASAT aspartate aminotransferaseASV anodic stripping voltametryATA alimentary toxic aleukiaATH alumina trihydrateATPase adenosine triphosphataseAUC area under the curveAWI acceptable or tolerable weekly intakeB bursa-dependentBA 2-bromoacroleinBAER brainstem auditory-evoked responseBAF bioaccumulation factorBAL bronchoalveolar lavageBBB blood-brain barrierBBPP bis(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphateBCF bioconcentration factorBEA 2-bromoethylamineBEI biological exposure indexBEN Balkan endemic nephropathyBGG bovine gammaglobulinBHA butylated hydroxyanisoleBHK baby hamster kidneyBIC butyl isocyanateBMAA beta-N-methylamino-L-alanineBMD benchmark dose (US EPA)BMF biomagnification factorBOAA beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanineBOD biochemical oxygen demandBP benzo[a]pyreneBSA bovine serum albuminBSP bromosulfophthaleinBUB 2-(3-butylureido)benzimidazoleBUN blood urea nitrogenbw body weightCA chrysanthemic acidCALLA common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigencAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphateCAS Chemical Abstracts ServiceCBF cerebral blood flowCC critical concentrationCCFA Codex Committee on Food Additives (see definition of Codex AlimentariousCommission)CCPR Codex Committee on Pesticide ResiduesCCTTE Computerized Listing of Chemicals Being Tested for Their Toxicological Effects(IPCS/IRPTC)CD cluster of differentiation; coulometric detectioncDNA complementary DNACE capillary electrophoresisCEC Commission of the European CommunitiesCEFIC European Council of Chemical Industry FederationsCFC chlorofluorocarboncGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphateChE cholinesteraseCHO Chinese hamster ovaryCi curie(s)CI confidence intervalCIN chronic interstitial nephritisCKSCC cystic keratinizing squamous cell carcinomaClCA 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic 2acidCLD chemiluminescence nitrogen detectorCLM chemiluminescence methodCLV ceiling valueCl-Vacid(= CPIA) 2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovaleric acidCMI cell-mediated immunityCML cell-mediated lympholysisCNS central nervous systemCOD chemical oxygen demandCO-Hb carboxyhaemoglobinCOPD chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCOT Committee on Toxicity (United Kingdom)cP centipoise(s)CP coproporphyrinsCPA cyclopropane carboxylic acidCPK creatine phosphokinaseCRMs certified reference materialsCSF cerebrospinal fluidCSM Committee on Safety of Medicines (United Kingdom)CT computerized tomographycv coefficient of variation2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acidDAB 4-dimethylaminobenzeneDABA L-2,4-diaminobutyric acidDBCP 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropaneDBP di-n-butyl phthalate; 2,3-dibromopropanolDBT dibutyltinDCB dichlorobenzeneDCVC S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteineDDC diethyldithiocarbamateDDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneDEHP diethylhexyl phthalateDEN diethylnitrosamineDES diethylstilbestrolDFB diflubenzuronDFP diisopropylfluorophosphate (a delayed neurotoxic)DHPN N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamineDiBP di-iso-butyl phthalateDIDT 5,6-dihydro-3H-imidazo (2,1-C)-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thione DIT diiodotyrosineDL detection limitDMA dimethylamineDMBA dimethylbenzathralineDMF dimethylformamideDMP dimethylphenolDMSO dimethyl sulfoxideDNA deoxyribonucleic acidDNCB dinitrochlorobenzeneDNPH 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazineDOC dissolved organic carbonDPASV differential pulse anodic stripping voltametryDPTA diaminopropanoltetraacetic aciddegradation time for 50% of a compoundDT50DTPA diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acidEBDC ethylene bisdithiocarbamateEBK ethyl n-butyl ketoneEC effective concentration; electron capture; emulsifiable concentratemedian effective concentrationEC50ECD electron capture detectionECETOC European Chemical Industry Ecology and Toxicology Centre ECG electrocardiogramECMO extracorporeal membrane oxidationECOD 7-ethoxycoumarin-o-deethylaseEDA ethylenediamine; exploratory data analysisEDB 1,2-dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide)EDCF endothelial-derived contracting factorEDI ethylene diisothiocyanateEDL electrode discharge lampEDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid2-EE 2-ethoxyethanol2-EEA 2-ethoxyethyl acetateEEC European Economic Community; electroencephalographEEG electroencephalogramEGF epidermal growth factorEH epoxide hydrataseEHC Environmental Health CriteriaEI electron impactEIFAC European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission of FAO ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assayEMDI estimated maximum daily intakeEMG electromyographyEMTD estimated maximum tolerated doseENG electroneurographyENL erythema nodosum leprosumENU ethylnitrosoureaEP electrophoresisEPA Environmental Protection Agency (USA)EPDM ethylene propylene rubberEPI exposure/potency indexEPS expandable polystyreneEQC external quality controlEQT environmental quality targetERL extraneous residue limitEROD 7-ethoxyresurofin-o-deethylaseESCA electron spectroscopy for chemical analysisESR erythrocyte sedimentation rateESRD end-stage renal diseaseETA electrothermal atomizationETD ethylene bisthiuram disulfideETG epidermal transglutaminaseETU ethylenethioureaETV electrothermal vaporizationEU ethyleneureaparental generationFFfilial generation, first1filial generation, secondF2FAA flameless atomic absorptionFACS fluorescence activated cell sorterFAD flavin adenine dinucleotideFAO Food and Agriculture OrganizationFCAT Freund's complete adjuvant testf.c. Field capacityFD fluorescence detectionFDA Food and Drug Administration (USA)FEF forced expiratory flowFEP free erythrocyte porphyrinFEV forced expiratory volumefg femtogram (10-15g)FI flame ionizationFID flame ionization detectorFMLP formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanineFMN flavin mononucleotideFOB functional observational batteryFPD flame photometric detectorFR flame retardantFS fluorescence spectrophotometryFSC Food Safety Council (USA)FSD flame photometric detector selective for sulfur FSH follicle-stimulating hormoneFTIR Fourier transform infraredFVC forced vital capacityGA gibberillic acidGABA gamma-aminobutyric acidGAG glycosaminoglycanGALT gut-associated lymphoid tissueGAP good agricultural practiceGBM glomerular basement membraneGC gas chromatographyGC-ECD gas chromatography with electron capture detectorGC-SIM gas chromatography with selected ion monitoringGDH glutamate dehydrogenaseGDMS glow discharge mass spectrometryGEMS Global Environmental Monitoring SystemGESAMP Group of Experts for the Scientific Aspects of Marine PollutionGFAAS graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometryGFR glomerular filtration rateGGT gamma-glutamyltranspeptidaseGH growth hormoneGI gastrointestinalGIFAP International Group of National Association of Manufacturers of Agrochemical Products(French Acronym for: Groupement International des Associations Nationales deFabricants de Produits Agrochimiques)GLC gas-liquid chromatographyGLDH glutamate dehydrogenaseGLP good laboratory practicecGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphateGOT glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminaseGPC gel permeation chromatographyGPMT guinea-pig maximization testGPT glutamic-pyruvic transaminaseGS glutamine synthetaseGSH glutathione-SHGST glutathione-S-transferaseGTB glomerular tubular balanceGV guidance valueGWP global-warming potentialh hour(s)ha hectareHb haemoglobinHBCD hexabromocyclododecaneHBDH hydroxybutyric dehydrogenaseH & E haematoxolin and eosinHCB hexachlorobenzeneHCBD hexachloro-1,3-butadieneHCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbonHCFH-22 chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF)2HCG human chorionic gonadotropinHCH hexachlorocyclohexaneHDL high density lipoproteinHDPE high density polyethyleneHEAL Human Exposure Assessment LocationHECD Hall electron capture detectorHEV high endothelial venuleHEX hexachlorocyclopentadieneHGPRT hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase HIPS high impact polystyreneHIV human immunodeficiency virusHLB hydrophilic-lipophilic balanceHLV hygienic limit valuehnRNA heterogeneous nuclear RNAHPCA human progenitor cell antigenHPI cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboximideHPLC high-performance liquid chromatographyHPTLC high-performance thin-layer chromatographyHQ hydroquinoneHS headspaceHSA heat-stable antigen; human serum albumin HSG Health and Safety GuideIARC International Agency for Research on CancerIC ion chromatographyICAM intercellular adhesion moleculemedian inhibitory concentrationIC50ICD International Classification of DiseasesICG indocyanine greenICP inductively coupled plasmaICST isolated cold stress testingi.d. internal diameterIDMS isotope dilution mass spectrometryIFN interferonIg immunoglobulinIL interleukinILO International Labour OrganisationILSI International Life Science Instituteim intramuscularip intraperitonealIPA isopropylamineIPCS International Programme on Chemical SafetyIQ intelligence quotientIQC internal quality controlIR infraredIRPTC International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals ISO International Organization for StandardizationIT isomeric transitionIU international unitIUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistryiv intravenousJECFA Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food AdditivesJMPR Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residueskcal kilocalorie(s)keV kiloelectronvolt(s)Koctanol/water partition coefficientowLAP leucine aminopeptidaseLAQL lowest analytically quantifiable levelLC liquid chromatographyLCmedian lethal concentration50lethal dose for 1%LD01median lethal doseLD50LDH lactate dehydrogenaseLDL low density lipoproteinLDPE low density polyethyleneLDQ lowest detectable quantityLEI lifetime exposure intensityLEV local exhaust ventilationLf limit flocculationLFA lymphocyte function-related antigenLFP lavage fluid proteinLH luteinizing hormoneLI labelling indexLIF laser-induced fluorescence; leukaemia inhibitory factor LLD lowest lethal doseLMS linear multistage modelLMW low molecular weightLOAEL lowest-observed-adverse-effect levelLOD limit of determinationLOEL lowest-observed-effect levelLRNI lower reference nutrient intake (UK)LSC liquid scintillation countermedian lethal timeLT50LTP long-term potentiationMAA methoxyacetic acidMAC maximum allowable concentrationMAD maximum allowable deviationMAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan) MAK maximum workplace concentration (Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentration)MALT mucosa-associated lymphoid tissueMAM methylazoxymethanolMAP mutagenic activity profileMAOI monoamine oxidase inhibitorMARC Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre (UK)MARE monoclonal anti-rat immunoglobulin EMAS molecular absorption spectrometryMAT mean absorption timeMATC maximum acceptable toxicant concentrationMBC minimum bactericidal concentrationMBDE mass balance differential equationMBK methyl n-butyl ketoneMBP monobutyl phthalateMBT monobutyltinMC methyl chloroform3-MC 3-methylcholanthreneMCD microcoulometric detectionMCH mean cell haemoglobinMCHC mean cell haemoglobin concentrationmCi millicurieMCL melanotic cell linesMCPA 4-chloro-o-tolyoxyacetic acidMCV mean cell volumeMDA malondialdehydeMDI methylene-diphenyl diisocyanateMDMA methylenedioxymethamphetamine2-ME 2-methoxyethanol2-MEA 2-methoxyethyl acetateMeBmethylcobalamin12MED minimum effective dose; minimal erythemal doseMEHP monoethylhexyl phthalateMEK methyl ethyl ketonemEq milliequivalentMeV megaelectronvolt(s)MFO mixed-function oxidaseMHC major histocompatibility complexMHW Ministry of Health and Welfare (Japan)MIBK methyl isobutyl ketoneMIC minimal inhibitory concentrationMIT methylisothiocyanate; monoiodotyrosineMLD minimum lethal doseMLR mixed lymphocyte response assayMLSS mixed liquor suspended solidsMMA methoxyacetic acidMMAD mass median aerodynamic diameterMMH monomethylhydrazinemmHg millimetre(s) of mercuryMMMF man-made mineral fibreMNNG N-methyl-N -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidineMNU N-methyl-N-nitrosureamPa millipascal (7.5 x 10-6 mmHg)MPC maximum permissible limitMQL minimum quantifiable limitMRBIS mean running bias index scoreMRL maximum residue limitmRNA messenger RNAMRVIS Mean Running Variance Index ScoreMS mass spectrometryMSD mass selective detectionMSW municipal solid wasteMTBE methyl tertiary butyl etherMTC maximum tolerable or acceptable concentrationMTD maximum tolerated doseMTE mild toxic encephalopathyMTI N-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalamideNAA neutron activation analysisNAC N-acetyl cysteineNAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotideNADP nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateNADPH reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NBU N-nitrosobutylureaNCAM neural cell adhesion moleculeNCI National Cancer Institute (USA); negative ion chemical ionizationNCV nerve conduction velocityND not detectableNDDC sodium diethyldithiocarbamateNDMA nitrosodimethylamineNDMC sodium dimethyldithiocarbamateNEQUAS National External Quality Assessment Scheme (UK)NFT neurofibrillary tangleng nanogram (10-9g)NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (USA) NK natural killernm nanometerNMCL nonmelanolic cell linesNMN N-methylnicotinamideNMOR N-nitrosomorpholineNMR nuclear magnetic resonanceNNM N-nitrosomorpholineNO nitrogen oxideNOAEL no-observed-adverse-effect levelNOEC no-observed-effect concentrationNOEL no-observed-effect levelNOLC no-observed lethal concentrationNPD nitrogen-phosphorus sensitive detectorNPSH non-protein sulfhydrylNSAID non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsNSD nitrogen selective detectorNTA nitrilotriacetic acidNTE neuropathy target esteraseNTEL no-toxic-effect levelNTP National Toxicology Program (USA)OCT ornithine carbamoyltransferaseODC ornithine decarboxylaseODP ozone-depletion potentialOECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OEL occupational exposure limitOER oxygen enhancement ratioOES occupational exposure standard; optical emission spectrometryOET open epicutaneous testOP organophosphateOPIDN organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathyOR odds ratioOSC oil-enhanced suspension concentrateOSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USA)OVA ovalbuminOZT oxazolidinethionePA polyamidesPAA photon activation analysis2-PAMchloride pralidoxine (2-pyridine aldoxime methyl) chloridePAH p-aminohippurate; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonPALS periarteriolar lymphocyte sheathPAN peroxyacetyl nitrate; polyacrylonitrilePAS periodic acid Schiff stainPB phenobarbitalPBA phenoxybenzoic acidPBalc 3-phenoxybenzyl alcoholPBald 3-phenoxybenzaldehydePBB polybrominated biphenylPBDD polybrominated dibenzodioxinPBDE polybrominated diphenyl etherPBDF polybrominated dibenzofuranPBI protein-bound iodinePBPK physiologically based pharmacokineticsPBT polybutylene terephthalatePCBD S-(1,2,3,4,4-pentachloro-1,3-butadienyl)PCDD polychlorinated dibenzodioxinPCDF polychlorinated dibenzofuranPCA para-chloroaniline (4-chloroaniline); passive cutaneous anaphylaxisPCB polychlorinated biphenylPCBD S-(1,2,3,4,4-pentachloro-1,3-butadienyl)PCDD polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxinPCDF polychlorinated dibenzofuranPCDPE polychlorinated diphenyletherPCE polychromatic erythrocytesPCOM phase contrast optical microscopyPCPY polychlorinated pyrenePCQ polychlorinated quaterphenylPCT porphyria cutanea tardaPCV packed-cell volumePD plasma desorptionPDG phosphate-dependent glutaminasePE polyethylenePEF peak expiratory flowPEG pneumoencephalographyPEL permissible exposure limitPET polyethylene terephthalatePFC plaque-forming cellpg picogram (10-12g)PG prostaglandinpH the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration PHF paired helical filamentsPHS prostaglandin-H-synthetasePIB piperonyl butoxidePIC picrotoxinPID photo-ionization detectionPIXE proton-induced X-ray emissionpKa the negative logarithm of the dissociation constant PMBA p-methylbenzyl alcoholPMN polymorphonuclear leukocytePMTDI provisional maximum tolerable daily intakePMR proportional mortality ratePMSG pregnant mare serum gonadotrophinPNS peripheral nervous systempO2 plasma partial pressure (concentration) of oxygenPOCP photochemical ozone-creation potentialPoG proteoglycanPOS psycho-organic syndromePP polypropyleneppb parts per billionppm parts per millionppt parts per trillionPSD passive sampling devicePSPS Pesticides Safety Precautions Scheme (United Kingdom) PT prothrombin timePTH parathyroid hormonePTT partial thromboplastin timePTU propylenethioureaPTWI provisional tolerable weekly intakePTZ pentylenetetrazolePVC polyvinyl chloridePYR pyreneQA quality assuranceQAP quality assurance programmeQC quality controlQSAR quantitative structure-activity relationshipRACB reproductive assessment by continuous breedingRAST radioallergosorbent testRBC red blood cellRBP retinal binding proteinRDA recommended dietary allowance (USA)REL recommended exposure limitRER rough endoplasmic reticulumRIA radio-immuno assayRIPT repeat insult patch testRMA reflex modification audiometryRNA ribonucleic acidRNI reference nutrient intake (UK)ROC reactive organic carbonRPN renal papillary necrosisRR relative riskRTECS Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances RUBISCO ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylaseS9 9000 x g supernatantSAM S-adenosylmethionineSAP serum alkaline phosphataseSAR structure-activity relationshipsc subcutaneousSC suspension concentrateSCE sister chromatid exchangeSCF stem-cell factorSCID severe combined immunodeficiencySCOPE Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment of the International Council ofScientific UnionsSD standard deviationSDAT senile dementia of Alzheimer typeSE standard errorSEM standard error of the mean; scanning electron microscopy SER smooth endoplasmic reticulumSFC supercritical fluid chromatographySFS subjective facial sensationSGOMSEC Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of ChemicalsSGOT serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminaseSGPT serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminaseSHE Syrian Hamster embryoSIM selected ion monitoringSIMS secondary ion mass spectrometrySLE systemic lupus erythematosusSMA sequential multiple analyserSMR standardized mortality ratioSOP standard operating procedureSPF specific pathogen freeSPM suspended particulate matterS-PMA S-phenyl-mercapturic acidSRT simple reaction timeSSB single strand breaksSTEL short-term exposure limitttriiodothyronine3thyroxinet42,4,5-T 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acidTADI temporary acceptable daily intakeTAN tropical ataxic neuropathyTAP trialkyl/aryl phosphateTBBPA tetrabromobisphenol ATBG thyroxine-binding globulinTBP tributyl phosphateTBPP tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphateTBT tributyltinTBTO tributyltin oxideTCA tricarboxylic acid cycleTCD thermal conductivity detectionTCDD 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxinTCDF 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzofuranTCE 1,1,1-trichloroethyleneTCP trichlorophenol; tricresyl phosphateTCPP tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphateTCR T-cell receptorTDC thermal conductivity detectionTDI tolerable daily intake; toluene diisocyanateTDLAS tuneable diode laser absorption spectrometryTEA tetraethyl ammonium; thermal energy analyser TEAC tetraethylammonium chlorideTEAM total exposure assessment methodologyTEF toxicity equivalency factorTEPP tetraethyl-pyrophosphateTGA thermogravimetric analysisTH thyroid hormoneTHF tetrahydrofolateTI tolerable intakeTLC thin-layer chromatographyTLV threshold limit valueTMCP tri-meta-cresyl phosphateTMDI theoretical maximum daily intakeTML tetramethylleadTMRL temporary maximum residue limitTMT trimethyltinTNF tumour necrosis factorTOCP tri-ortho-cresyl phosphateTOD total oxygen demandTPA 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetateTPCP tri-para-cresyl phosphateTPI 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimideTPIA 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic acidTPN total parenteral nutritionTPO thyroid peroxidaseTPP triphenyl phosphateTPTA triphenyltin acetateTPTH triphenyltin hydroxidetRNA transfer ribonucleic acidTRP tubular reabsorption of phosphateTSH thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) TSP total suspended particulateTST temperature sensitivityTT toxicity thresholdTWA time-weighted averageUCM urographic contrast mediumUCL upper confidence limitUDP uridine diphosphateUDPGA UDP-glucuronic acidUDPGT UDP-glucuronosyltransferaseUDS unscheduled DNA synthesisUF uncertainty factorULV ultra-low volumeUNEP United Nations Environment ProgrammeUNICEF United Nations Children's FundUS ATSDR US Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry UV ultravioletUVB ultraviolet BVC vinyl chlorideVCAM vascular cell adhesion moleculeVER visual evoked responseVHH volatile halogenated hydrocarbonVLA very late antigenVLDL very low-density lipoproteinsVOC volatile organic carbon compoundVSD virtually safe doseVTR vibration thresholdv/v volume per volumeWAIS Weschler Adult Intelligence ScaleWBC white blood cellWG water-dispersible granuleWHO World Health OrganizationWISN warfarin-induced skin necrosisWP wettable powderw/v weight per volumeXRF X-ray-generated atomic fluorescenceXRFS X-ray fluorescence spectroscopyZPP zinc protoporphyrin。
常用英文缩写
TS
Trouble Shooting
MFG
Manufacturing Department
SMT
Surface Mounted Technology
DIP
Dual in-line Package
Ass'y
Assembly
PC
Production Control
QS
Quality System
QE
Quality Engineering
Standardized Supplier Quality Audit 合格供应商品质评估
Capability Index
能力指数
Complex Process Capability Index
过程能力指数
Process Performance Index
过程性能指数
Design Of Experiments
IPQC
In Process Quality Control
PQC
Passage Quality Control
FQC
Final Quality Control
OQC
Outgoing Quality Control
QA
Quality Assurance
RD
Research & Development
Full Description
NPI
New Product Introduction
OPM
Operational Project Management
AMT
Advanced Manufacture Technology
PD
Process Development
CPK的含义ppt课件
规格公差T＝规格上限USL－规格下限LSL； 规格中心值U＝（规格上限USL+规格下限LSL）/2；
②依据公式：Ca=(X-U)/(T/2)，计算出制程准确度：Ca值；
③对于双边规格：
Cp (x LSL)
3
Cp USL LSL T
6
6
9
Cp等级评定及处理原则
10
制程能力靶心图
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Ca好﹐Cp差
Cp好﹐Ca差
Cpk好
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Cpk总结
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Cpk的计算步骤
计算取样数据至少应有20组数据，方具有一定代表性；计算Cpk除收 集取样数据外，还应知晓该品质特性的规格上下限(USL，LSL)，才可顺 利计算其值。
(x1 x)2 (x2 x)2 ... (xn x)2 n 1
6
与Cpk值相关的几个重要概念
Ca (Capability of Accuracy)：制程准确度； Ca 在衡量“实际平均值“与“规格中心值”之一致性； ①对于单边规格，不存在规格中心，因此也就不存在Ca； ②对于双边规格:
Cpk值的计算公式
Cpk=Cp(1－︱Ca︱)
式中：
Cp(Capability of Precision) — 制程精密度；
Ca(Capability of Accuracy) — 制程准确度。
注：计算Cpk时，取样数据至少应有20组数据，方具有一定代表性。
3
Cpk等级评定及处理原则
CPK是什么意思
CPK
摘要：CPK是指工序在一定时间里，处于控制状态(稳定状态)下的实际加工能力。
它是工序固有的能力，或者说它是工序保证质量的能力。
CPK是什么意思
•CPK也叫:制程能力指数/工序能力指数/过程能力指数
•是指工序在一定时间里，处于控制状态(稳定状态)下的实际加工能力。
它是工序固有的能力，或者说它是工序保证质量的能力。
•这里所指的工序，是指操作者、机器、原材料、工艺方法和生产环境等五个基本质量因素(5M)综合作用的过程，也就是产品质量的生产过程。
产品质量就是工序中的各个质量因素所起作用的综合表现。
对于任何生产过程，产品质量总是分散地存在着。
若工序能力越高，则产品质量特性值的分散就会越小；若工序能力越低，则产品质量特性值的分散就会越大。
过程能力指数CPK的意义
从上图可看，若过程输出的均值μ不与规范中心或目标值重合。
因此，在进行过程能力分析时，应将μ的影响考虑进来。
引入过程能力指数CPK就是为了解决这个问题。
由于过程中心μ通常在规范限[LSL,USL]之间，因此用过程中心μ与两个规范限最近的距离min{USL- μ，μ-LSL}与3 σ之比作为过程能力指数，记为CPK。
CPK基本常识讲解
三．掌握製程管制之主要因素
（二）材料方面：MATERIAL (4)廠商應自我品質保證，交貨時應繳附“檢查成績表”。 (5)進料時作檢查或稽核。 (6)定時、不定時進行信賴性監查。 (7)適切之廠商輔導評鑑辦法（培育）。
Ｂ.管制項目二大類，一為引起產品品質變異之原因，即各種 製造條件，稱為查核點（Check Point） ；另一為作業之結 果，如半成品或成品之品質特性，或產量、產率、成本等、 稱為管制特性或管制點（Control Point），即管制項目１. 原因：查核點，２.結果：管制特性、管制點。
Ｃ.查核點之選定：會影響品質特性之原因，亦即是各種製造 條件，即為查核之對象，但並非所有原因均要做為查核點， 取其影響較大或不穩定者列入查核，查核點應定期視需要 而修訂，以便能確保品質。
©ú ¦w °ê »Ú ¥ø ·~
一．製程流程圖
B.原料、材料或零件： 原材料及零件之加入，利用水平線連接於工程之左邊， 線上寫原物料或零件之名稱，需要時可在線下寫上規 格。
C.管制項目及查核點： 管制項目包括每一過程之查核點及管制性，寫在工程 名稱之左邊，逐一列明，在◇符號之右邊所列者址為 檢查站之檢驗項目或管制項目；○符號之右邊者大都 寫查核點。
(1)精度要足夠。 (2)性能要穩定。
2.良好之保養-使性能穩定 (1)要有完善之設備管理規定，訂定年度保養及校正計劃， 有計劃之保養，尤其是重要操作條件依據之儀表之校正。 A、日常保養：作業者負責（日常檢查、保養記錄 表）。 B、定期保養：週保養、月保養、季保養、年保養等 （定期檢查報告書）。 C、保養基準、作業標準。 D、備品管理（配合零配件壽命，列入定期保養）。 E、©ú 異¦w常°ê 處»Ú理¥ø 。·~
CPK基本知识ppt课件
9.928 9.914 10.017 10.021 10.006
9.983 9.976 9.968 10.026 9.991
9.972 10.054 10.159
9.973 9.984
10.016 10.003 9.994 9.983 9.976
9.992 10.027 10.018 10.005 10.003
CPK=CPL=(X-LSL)/3S =40-35/3*1.8 =0.93
(制程不良較多，必須提升其能力)
21
控制图基本知识
22
控制圖定义
控制图（Control chart) ,又称管理图，1924年美 国休哈特博士发明。 控制图是区分过程中正常波动和异常波动，并判 定过程是否处于控制状态的一种工具
5
和Cpk相关的几个重要概念2
USL (Upper specification limit):即規格上限 LSL (Low specification limit): 即規格下限 SL (specification center limit):规格中心 X=(X1+X2+… …+Xn)/n 樣本平均值
利用控制限区分 过程是否处于受控
23
变差的普通原因和特殊原因
普通原因：是指过程在受控的状态下，出现的具有稳定的且可重 复的分布过程的变差的原因。普通原因表现为一个稳 系统的偶然原因。只有过程变差的普通原因存在且不 改变时，过程的输出才可以预测。
特殊原因：（通常也叫可查明原因）是指造成不是始终作用于过 程的变差的原因，即当它们出现时将造成（整个） 过程的分布改变。只用特殊原因被查出且采取措 施,否则它们将继续不可预测的影响过程的输出。
CPK基本知识
cpk名词解释
cpk名词解释
cpk名词解释：
在信息安全领域，CPK是“Combined Public Key”的缩写，即中文名为组合公钥，是一种加密算法，以很小的资源，生成大规模密钥。
组合公钥CPK( Combined Public Key)基于标识的数字签名协议和密钥交换协议，满足证明的规模性和验证的直接性，真正实现了Shamir的设想，开辟了以组合化解决规模化的新路。
2007年在组合公钥的基础上，形成了双因子复合型组合公钥TF-CPK，保留了组合公钥的优点，增强了安全性，分别实现了复合化数字签名和密钥交换机制，解决了在集中式管理模式下由个人定义签名密钥的难点。
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点击Options。
4
Cpk / Ppk
●How to use Minitab
必要的话输入Title
点击OK。
5
Cpk / Ppk
●How to use Minitab
点击OK。 6
Cpk / Ppk
●Graph summaryΒιβλιοθήκη CpkPpk7
Cpk / Ppk
●How to use Minitab ●概要
・点击Options。
・输入Title ・OK → OK。
8
・Stat → Quality Tools → Capability Analysis (Normal) ・ 在Data are arranged as中选择Single column、输入想要计算的 Cpk/Ppk的列。 ・ 在Subgroup size中输入数值。 ・分别输入Lower spec,Upper spec。
Cpk / Ppk
NCC K.Nishijima ’03-Aug-26 1
Cpk / Ppk
●Cpk是显示工程能力、确认数据是否符合要求值时使用。
Cpk=1.35
Cpk=0.30
工程能力足够
工程能力不足
2
Cpk / Ppk
●How to use Minitab
点击Capability Analysis(Normal)
3
Cpk / Ppk
●How to use Minitab
在Data are arranged as中选择Single column、 输入想要计算的Cpk的列。
在Subgroup size中输入数值。 (抽检数等。通常输入5就没问题了。)
分别输入Lower spec,Upper spec。 (单侧公差的情况下只要任何一 侧就可以了)