Bearing Issue
外国文学史(上)的诗歌
(田晓菲 译)
没有听她说一个字
坦白地说，我宁愿死去 当她离开，她久久地 哭泣；她对我说 “这次离别，一定得 忍受，萨福。我去，并非自愿” 我说：“去吧，快快活活的 但是要记住（你清楚地知道） 离开你的人戴着爱的镣铐 和所有那些紫罗兰色的头饰 围绕在你年轻的头上的 一串玫瑰花蕾、莳萝和番红花 芬芳的没药撒在你的 头上和柔软的垫子上，少女们 和她们喜爱的人们在一起 如果没有我们的声音 就没有合唱，如果 没有歌曲，就没有开花的树林。
萨福诗 残诗三十一首(frg. 31)《给所爱》
• • • • • • • • • • • • 在我看来，他的享受好似天神 无论他是何人，坐在 你的对面，听你娓娓而谈 你言语温柔，笑声甜蜜 啊那是让我的心飘摇不定 当我看到你，哪怕只有 一刹那，我已经 不能言语 舌头断裂，血管里奔流着 细小的火焰 黑暗蒙住了我的双眼， 耳鼓狂敲 SAPPHO AND PHAON 冷汗涔涔而下 我颤栗，脸色比春草惨绿 我虽生犹死，至少在我看来—— 死亡正在步步紧逼 但我必须忍受 因为□ □ □ 既然贫无所有□ □ □
一百一十六首
我不承认两颗真心相恋 会遭遇阻挠：爱不算是爱， 如果发现情形改变就跟着改 变， 或看到对方变心就打算走开。 啊，不！爱是永远坚定的明 灯， 面对着风暴而永不摇荡； 爱是指引飘流船只的明星， 其高度可测，其奥秘不可衡 量。 爱不是“时间”的玩物，虽 然朱唇粉颊 逃不脱他弯弯镰刀的割芟 ； 爱不跟随流转的韶光而起变 化， 爱抵抗“时间”到世界末日 的尽端。 假如这话不对，而且引我 为证， 我算是没写过诗，没人有 过爱情。 梁实秋译
山部赤人《望不尽山歌一首并短歌》 (约724－736，不尽山即富士山)
天地初分时， 富士骏岭悬。 圣洁神瑞气， 高临骏河湾。 仰望灵峰立广宇； 骄阳为其隐光影， 皓月清辉敛玉颜， 白云不行伫峰顶， 瑞雪不时飘九天。 后世永称颂， 崇高富士山。 反歌
Bearing外贸必备常用英语.
轴承外贸常用术语adapter bearing带固接套的轴承adjustable bearing可调轴承adjustable cone colter bearing圆犁刀的可调式锥形轴承aerostatic bearing空气静力轴承agate bearing玛瑙轴承air journal bearing气体轴承air lubricated thrust bearing空气润滑止推轴承aligning bearing(直线)对位轴承alkaline-friction bearing抗磨轴承allowable bearing容许支承力all-rubber type bearing全胶式轴承。
全橡胶轴承aluminum base bearing铝基合金轴承aluminum-tin bearing铝锡合金轴承angular ball bearing径向止推滚珠轴承angular contact ball bearing角面接触滚珠轴承，向心止推滚珠轴承angular contact journal bearing角面接触轴颈轴承annular ball bearing向心球轴承，径向滚珠轴承annular contact thrust ball bearing推力向心球轴承antenna bearing(电磁)天线方位antifriction thrust bearing减磨推力轴承，减磨止推轴承antithrust bearing止推轴承asymmetrical roller bearing非对称滚子轴承axial bearing支撑轴承，止推轴承axial thrust bearing轴向推力轴承axle box bearing轴箱轴承azimuth bearing方位babbit metal (cast) bearing(铸造)巴氏合金轴承babbit-lined bearing巴氏合金衬套轴承，衬巴氏合金的轴承back bearing反象限角，后轴承，反方位(炮)back-to-back duplex bearing成对双联轴承(外圈宽端面相对) ball bearing滚珠轴承ball collar thrust bearing滚珠环止推轴承，滚珠环推力轴承ball journal bearing球颈轴承ball thrust bearing止推滚珠轴承barrel bearing圆筒轴承base bearing主轴承，底轴承，基轴承bellbearing钟杆推力轴承，小钟杆平球架，炉钟杠杆bevel pinion front bearing小锥齿轮前[后]轴承big-end bearing大端轴承blade bearing刃型支承block bearing支承轴承，止推轴承boring bar bearing镗杆轴承box bearing空转轴承bracket bearing托架轴承bushing bearing衬套轴承cageless rolling bearing无保持架轴承camshaft bearing凸轮轴轴承center bearing下心盘,下心盘支承面;中心支承centring spring rod bearing调准簧杆轴承ceramic bearing陶瓷轴承check bearing检验方位,检验轴承circular unidirectional thrust bearing环状单向推力轴承closed-type bearing密闭形轴承clutch release bearing离合器分离轴承collar (thrust) bearing环形止推轴承combination bearing组合轴承commutator side bearing整流子侧支座composite bearing多层轴瓦,复合轴承compressed air bearing压缩空气轴承,压气轴承concentric adjustable bearing同心调整轴承conical bearing圆锥轴承corrugated bearing梳状轴承,槽形轴承countershaft gear bearing副轴齿轮轴承crank(ed) bearing曲轴轴承,曲柄轴承,连杆轴承cross head holt bearing十字头销轴承cross head pin bearing十字头销轴承cryogenic bearing低温轴承cup-and-cone bearing对开径向上止推轴承cutter bearing滚刀轴承declutch shaft bearing离合器操纵轴承,分离轴轴承diamond bearing金刚石轴承die cast bearing模铸轴承differential drive pinion cage bearing差速器主小齿轮轴承罩differential side bearing差速器壳轴承disk bearing圆盘轴承disk harrow bearing圆盘耙轴承distributor upper bearing配电器上轴承double bearing双列轴承double shield bearing双(护)罩轴承double thrust bearing双止推轴承double-row angular contact ball bearing双列向心推力球轴承double-row ball journal bearing双列径向滚珠轴承double-row radial ball bearing双列向心球轴承double-row radial spherical roller bearing双列向心鼓面滚子轴承double-row self-aligning spherical roller bearing双列向心球面滚子轴承(自动调心型) drag link bearing拉杆支座drive end bearing主动端轴承,驱动端轴承drive pinion cone bearing主动小齿轮锥形轴承drive shaft bearing主动轴轴承drop-hanger bearing悬挂轴承drum roller bearing鼓形滚柱轴承dry bearing干轴承duplex bearing双轴承duplex ball bearing成对双联向心推力球轴承dynamo bearing发电机轴承elastically yielding bearing弹性退让轴承elliptical bearing椭圆形轴承enclosed tubular bearing密封套管轴承(属于油浴润滑式轴承) end journal bearing端枢轴承end shield bearing机油滤清器内盖头轴承end thrust bearing止推轴承end-mounted bearing(耙组)两端安装的轴承engine thrust ball bearing止推滚珠轴承established line bearing非标准轴承expansion bearing活动支承,温度)伸胀支承expansive end bearing of bridge活动桥支座fabric bearing夹布胶木轴承fan end thrust ball bearing风扇端止推滚球轴承fan shaft bearing风扇轴轴承Ferro porit bearing渗硫铁系含油轴承filling slot type bearing填槽式轴承film bearing油膜轴承film lubrication bearing油膜轴承,液体摩擦轴承fixed-type bearing固定轴承flange bearing带法兰盘轴承flanged cup bearing外环凸缘轴承flexible bearing挠性轴承floating bush bearing浮动衬套轴承flood-lubricated bearing液体摩擦轴承,油膜轴承fluid bearing液压轴承fluid-film bearing流体膜轴承footstep bearing立轴承fore bearing前轴承fork bearing叉轴承forward bearing前象限角four-row tapered roller bearing四列圆锥滚柱轴承free end bearing活动支承,自由支承friction bearing滑动轴承friction thrust bearing摩擦止推轴承front main bearing前主轴承fulcrum bearing支承full-journal bearing全围式滑动轴承full-molded type rubber bearing整体模制式橡胶轴承gas-lubricated bearing气体润滑轴承gear shaft roller bearing齿轮轴滚柱轴承globe bearing球面轴承graphite bearing石墨板(离合器分离的),石墨轴承graphite-containing bearing含石墨的轴承graphited oilless bearing石墨润滑的无油轴承gravity side bearing重力复原旁承grid bearing坐标(网)方位grinding wheel bearing砂轮轴承groove ball bearing带沟球轴承guardbearing动力输出轴的)护罩轴承gudgeon pin bearing活塞销轴承,耳轴销轴承guide bearing导向轴承,导引轴承,定向轴承,导引方位角guide spindle bearing导轴轴承gunmetal bearing炮铜轴承half-and-haif bearing半轴承无盖轴承hanging bearing吊挂轴承hardwood bearing硬木轴承head bearing止端轴承heavy-duty bearing重载轴承hydrodynamic journal bearing液体动压轴承,油膜轴承hydrostatic bearing静压轴承idler shaft bearing空转轴轴承inclined bearing(倾)斜轴承,斜支承inner bearing内轴承intermediate bearing中间轴承jack shaft bearing曲柄轴轴承jewelled bearing宝石轴承Jordan bearing推力套筒轴承journal bearing经向轴承kick-starter bearing冲式起动器的曲柄轴承kingpin bearing凸轮止推回转轴承,止推销轴承,止推枢轴承,中心(转向节)轴承knife-edge bearing刃形支承,刃支承,刀口承knuckle bearing铰式支座,球形支座,关节轴承labyrinth bearing迷宫轴承,曲径式密封轴承laminated bearing夹布胶木轴承,层压轴承leading -screw bearing传动螺杆轴承lignumvitae bearing层压胶木轴承locating bearing止推轴承,定位轴承lock nut bearing锁紧螺帽座longitudinal wall hanger bearing墙托架轴承long-path bearing远距离方位lower bearing下轴承lower half bearing轴承下瓦lubed-for-life bearing永久润滑轴承(即橡胶轴承) lubri-seal bearing阻油环轴承magnetic bearing磁向位,磁方位magnetic thrust bearing磁性推力轴承main bearing主轴承main rod bearing主杆轴承mainshaft bearing主轴轴承maintenance-free bearing自润滑轴承mechanical bearing轴承(总称)midship shaft bearing中间轴轴承miniature bearing微型轴承,超小型轴承molded-fabric bearing(设计)模制纤维轴承motor support bearing电动机支承轴承movable bearing活动支承multi-roll bearing滚针轴承multirow bearing多列轴承multipart bearing弓形轴承,扇形轴承multiple-groove bearing多油槽轴承neck bearing中间轴承needle bearing滚针轴承needle(type) roller bearing滚针轴承noise-free bearing低噪声轴承nonfilling slot type bearing无滚珠槽的滚动轴承non-locating bearing浮动轴承,不定位轴承non-porous bearing无孔轴承oil film bearing油膜轴承oil flooded bearing油膜轴承,液体摩擦轴承oil-bath type bearing油浴润滑式轴承oilless bearing不加油轴承自动润滑轴承石墨润滑轴承，含油轴承oil-retaining bearing含油轴承open spindle bearing开式锭子轴承oscillating bearing关节轴承oscillating journal bearing摆动轴径轴承outboard bearing外置轴承parallel bearing滑动轴承parallel-roller bearing平行滚柱轴承partial bearing半轴承partial journal bearing半围轴承(轴瓦在180°范围内包围着轴颈的滑动轴承) pedestal bearing支承轴承pendulum bearing钟摆轴承pin rocker bearing铰接支座,圆柱枢轴摆动轴承pinion bearing小齿轮轴承piston pin bearing活塞销轴承pivot bearing枢轴承,摆动支座,中心(轴尖)支承,立式止推轴承plain-and -ball bearing滑动与滚动组合轴承plane bearing平面轴承plummer block bearing架座,止推轴承pneumatic bearing空气轴承pocket bearing油盘轴承porous bearing多孔轴承powdiron bearing多孔铁轴承,粉未铁轴承power take-off lever bearing动力输出轴轴承preloaded bearing预紧轴承prelubricated bearing预(加)润滑[油密封]轴承,一次润滑轴承pressure-feed air bearing静压空气轴承pressure-loaded bearing承压轴承proper bearing紧密接触轴承pump bearing泵轴承quill bearing滚针轴承radial journal bearing径向轴承,支持轴承,轴颈轴承radial spherical roller bearing径向球形滚柱轴承radial-thrust bearing径向止推轴承rail bearing轨枕,轨承,轨底支承面rear bearing后轴承(车床)rigid type bearing刚性支承点,刚性支承面非自位滚动轴承rim bearing轮缘座,环承ring-oiled sleeve bearing油环润滑式滑动轴承;油环式滑动轴承rocker bearing桥架)摇轴支座; (桁架)伸缩支座rod bearing杆轴承roller bearing滚柱轴承roller step bearing滚柱止推轴承rolling-contact bearing滚动接触轴承rotating journal bearing转动轴颈轴承round bearing转动件轴承rubber bearing橡胶轴承fahra (婉君)中级会员人比黄花瘦UID 1138455积分1552帖子150福步币1 块阅读权限40注册2009-9-21状态离线发表于2011-3-16 11:16 资料个人空间个人短信加为好友只看该作者sealed roller bearing密封式滚子轴承sector gear bearing扇形齿轮轴承segmental bearing弓形轴承,弧形轴承,分片互轴承,轴瓦块轴承self-acting air bearing动压空气轴承self-aligning bearing球面轴承,自位轴承self-setting bearing多向调整轴承shafting bearing轴承shell bearing轴承壳shifting bearing活动支座shock absorber bearing减震器座side rod bearing边杆轴承single plate ball bearing单垫片滚珠轴承single row angular contact ball bearing单列向心推力球轴承single row cylindrical roller bearing单列短圆柱滚子轴承single shield bearing单罩轴承single thrust bearing单向推力轴承,单向止推轴承single-row bearing单列轴承single-row separable ball bearing分离型向心推力球轴承single-row tapered roller bearing单列圆锥滚子轴承sintered metal bearing烧结金属轴承sleeve bearing套筒轴承,滑动轴承slewing bearing旋转枢轴轴承slide bearing滑动轴承sliding double bearing滑动复式轴承snap-ring bearing开口环轴承snap-ring ball bearing(在负荷端)带止动垫圈的滚珠轴承solid journal bearing整体轴颈轴承solid roller bearing实心滚子轴承,整体滚柱轴承special guide bearing特种导承spherical bearing球面轴承,球形支座,球面支承spherical roller thrust bearing推力球面滚子轴承spigot bearing导向轴承,套筒轴承，小载荷轴承,轻载轴承，插口轴承spindle bolt bearing心轴螺栓轴承spiral roller bearing螺旋(式)滚子轴承spot contact bearing滚珠轴承spring plank bearing摇枕吊轴sprocket shaft bearing链轮轴轴承square-bore ball bearing方(轴)孔滚珠轴承squeeze film bearing(挤)压(油)膜轴承starter main shaft bearing起动机主轴轴承steady bearing支撑轴承(防止长轴摆动)steep angle bearing大锥角滚柱轴承steering gear worm thrust bearing转向蜗杆止推轴承steering knuckle thrust bearing转向关节主动轴承steering worm bearing转向蜗杆轴承steering worm sector bearing转向器扇形蜗轮轴承step bearing立式止推轴承,踏板轴承,阶式止推轴承straight roller bearing普通滚柱轴承stuffing box bearing填料压盖轴承,密封轴承suspension bearing吊轴承swing bearing摆动支座,摆锤支座swivel bearing旋转轴承taper-bore cylindrical-roller bearing 锥孔圆柱滚子轴承taper-roller bearing锥形滚柱轴承textolite bearing夹布胶木轴承thermo-expansion compensation angular ball bearing热胀补偿向心球轴承thrust bearing推力轴承,止推轴承推力座tin-copper-graphite bearing青铜石墨轴承tip bearing枢轴承,枢支座toe bearing立式止推轴承top bearing上盖(顶盖)轴承Torrington needle bearing(无内座圈的)冲压外座圈滚针轴承torsion bearing抠转轴承transverse bearing径向轴承truck side bearing(机车的)下旁承,底板,镶板,闸瓦托trunnion bearing耳轴承tumbler bearing铰式支座,摆动支座(轴承)two-direction self-aligning ball thrust bearing双球面止推滚珠轴承,自调止推滚珠轴承two-piece bearing对开轴承,拼合轴承,可调轴承two-point bearing二点交叉定位uncoupling lever shaft bearing互钩开关杆轴承universal-joint cross bearing万向接头轴承universal-joint needle bearing万向节针式轴承upper bearing上轴承,上轴瓦upper center crankshaft bearing曲轴主轴承上中轴瓦water lubricated bearing水润滑轴承water pump shaft bearing水泵轴轴承water-sealed bearing防水轴承weight-carrying roller bearing径向滚柱轴承wheel bearing轮轴轴承wick-lubricated bearing油渑润滑轴承winch worm shaft bearing绞车蜗杆轴承wire race ball bearing钢丝滚道球轴承wooden bearing木制轴承worm bearing蜗杆轴承worm shaft roller conical bearing蜗杆锥棍轴承worm thrust bearing蜗杆止推轴承wrist-pin bearing十字头销衬套,活塞销衬。
轴承专业英语DOC
Standard Toleranceadapter bearing带固接套的轴承adjustable bearing可调轴承adjustable cone colter bearing圆犁刀的可调式锥形轴承aerostatic bearing空气静力轴承agate bearing玛瑙轴承air journal bearing气体轴承air lubricated thrust bearing空气润滑止推轴承aligning bearing(直线)对位轴承alkaline-friction bearing抗磨轴承allowable bearing容许支承力all-rubber type bearing全胶式轴承。
全橡胶轴承aluminum base bearing铝基合金轴承aluminum-tin bearing铝锡合金轴承angular ball bearing径向止推滚珠轴承angular contact ball bearing角面接触滚珠轴承，向心止推滚珠轴承angular contact journal bearing角面接触轴颈轴承annular ball bearing向心球轴承，径向滚珠轴承annular contact thrust ball bearing推力向心球轴承antenna bearing(电磁)天线方位antifriction thrust bearing减磨推力轴承，减磨止推轴承antithrust bearing止推轴承asymmetrical roller bearing非对称滚子轴承axial bearing支撑轴承，止推轴承axial thrust bearing轴向推力轴承axle box bearing轴箱轴承azimuth bearing方位babbit metal (cast) bearing(铸造)巴氏合金轴承babbit-lined bearing巴氏合金衬套轴承，衬巴氏合金的轴承back bearing反象限角，后轴承，反方位(炮)back-to-back duplex bearing成对双联轴承(外圈宽端面相对) ball bearing滚珠轴承ball collar thrust bearing滚珠环止推轴承，滚珠环推力轴承ball journal bearing球颈轴承ball thrust bearing止推滚珠轴承barrel bearing圆筒轴承base bearing主轴承，底轴承，基轴承bellbearing钟杆推力轴承，小钟杆平球架，炉钟杠杆bevel pinion front bearing小锥齿轮前[后]轴承big-end bearing大端轴承blade bearing刃型支承block bearing支承轴承，止推轴承boring bar bearing镗杆轴承box bearing空转轴承bracket bearing托架轴承bushing bearing衬套轴承cageless rolling bearing无保持架轴承camshaft bearing凸轮轴轴承center bearing下心盘,下心盘支承面;中心支承centring spring rod bearing调准簧杆轴承ceramic bearing陶瓷轴承check bearing检验方位,检验轴承circular unidirectional thrust bearing环状单向推力轴承closed-type bearing密闭形轴承clutch release bearing离合器分离轴承collar (thrust) bearing环形止推轴承combination bearing组合轴承commutator side bearing整流子侧支座composite bearing多层轴瓦,复合轴承compressed air bearing压缩空气轴承,压气轴承concentric adjustable bearing同心调整轴承conical bearing圆锥轴承corrugated bearing梳状轴承,槽形轴承countershaft gear bearing副轴齿轮轴承crank(ed) bearing曲轴轴承,曲柄轴承,连杆轴承cross head holt bearing十字头销轴承cross head pin bearing十字头销轴承cryogenic bearing低温轴承cup-and-cone bearing对开径向上止推轴承cutter bearing滚刀轴承declutch shaft bearing离合器操纵轴承,分离轴轴承diamond bearing金刚石轴承die cast bearing模铸轴承differential drive pinion cage bearing差速器主小齿轮轴承罩differential side bearing差速器壳轴承disk bearing圆盘轴承disk harrow bearing圆盘耙轴承distributor upper bearing配电器上轴承double bearing双列轴承double shield bearing双(护)罩轴承double thrust bearing双止推轴承double-row angular contact ball bearing双列向心推力球轴承double-row ball journal bearing双列径向滚珠轴承double-row radial ball bearing双列向心球轴承double-row radial spherical roller bearing双列向心鼓面滚子轴承double-row self-aligning spherical roller bearing双列向心球面滚子轴承(自动调心型) drag link bearing拉杆支座drive end bearing主动端轴承,驱动端轴承drive pinion cone bearing主动小齿轮锥形轴承drive shaft bearing主动轴轴承drop-hanger bearing悬挂轴承drum roller bearing鼓形滚柱轴承dry bearing干轴承duplex bearing双轴承duplex ball bearing成对双联向心推力球轴承dynamo bearing发电机轴承elastically yielding bearing弹性退让轴承elliptical bearing椭圆形轴承enclosed tubular bearing密封套管轴承(属于油浴润滑式轴承) end journal bearing端枢轴承end shield bearing机油滤清器内盖头轴承end thrust bearing止推轴承end-mounted bearing(耙组)两端安装的轴承engine thrust ball bearing止推滚珠轴承established line bearing非标准轴承expansion bearing活动支承,温度)伸胀支承expansive end bearing of bridge活动桥支座fabric bearing夹布胶木轴承fan end thrust ball bearing风扇端止推滚球轴承fan shaft bearing风扇轴轴承Ferro porit bearing渗硫铁系含油轴承filling slot type bearing填槽式轴承film bearing油膜轴承film lubrication bearing油膜轴承,液体摩擦轴承fixed-type bearing固定轴承flange bearing带法兰盘轴承flanged cup bearing外环凸缘轴承flexible bearing挠性轴承floating bush bearing浮动衬套轴承flood-lubricated bearing液体摩擦轴承,油膜轴承fluid bearing液压轴承fluid-film bearing流体膜轴承footstep bearing立轴承fore bearing前轴承fork bearing叉轴承forward bearing前象限角four-row tapered roller bearing四列圆锥滚柱轴承free end bearing活动支承,自由支承friction bearing滑动轴承friction thrust bearing摩擦止推轴承front main bearing前主轴承fulcrum bearing支承full-journal bearing全围式滑动轴承full-molded type rubber bearing整体模制式橡胶轴承gas-lubricated bearing气体润滑轴承gear shaft roller bearing齿轮轴滚柱轴承globe bearing球面轴承graphite bearing石墨板(离合器分离的),石墨轴承graphite-containing bearing含石墨的轴承graphited oilless bearing石墨润滑的无油轴承gravity side bearing重力复原旁承grid bearing坐标(网)方位grinding wheel bearing砂轮轴承groove ball bearing带沟球轴承guardbearing动力输出轴的)护罩轴承gudgeon pin bearing活塞销轴承,耳轴销轴承guide bearing导向轴承,导引轴承,定向轴承,导引方位角guide spindle bearing导轴轴承gunmetal bearing炮铜轴承half-and-haif bearing半轴承无盖轴承hanging bearing吊挂轴承hardwood bearing硬木轴承head bearing止端轴承heavy-duty bearing重载轴承hydrodynamic journal bearing液体动压轴承,油膜轴承hydrostatic bearing静压轴承idler shaft bearing空转轴轴承inclined bearing(倾)斜轴承,斜支承inner bearing内轴承intermediate bearing中间轴承jack shaft bearing曲柄轴轴承jewelled bearing宝石轴承Jordan bearing推力套筒轴承journal bearing经向轴承kick-starter bearing冲式起动器的曲柄轴承kingpin bearing凸轮止推回转轴承,止推销轴承,止推枢轴承,中心(转向节)轴承knife-edge bearing刃形支承,刃支承,刀口承knuckle bearing铰式支座,球形支座,关节轴承labyrinth bearing迷宫轴承,曲径式密封轴承laminated bearing夹布胶木轴承,层压轴承leading -screw bearing传动螺杆轴承lignumvitae bearing层压胶木轴承locating bearing止推轴承,定位轴承lock nut bearing锁紧螺帽座longitudinal wall hanger bearing墙托架轴承long-path bearing远距离方位lower bearing下轴承lower half bearing轴承下瓦lubed-for-life bearing永久润滑轴承(即橡胶轴承) lubri-seal bearing阻油环轴承magnetic bearing磁向位,磁方位magnetic thrust bearing磁性推力轴承main bearing主轴承main rod bearing主杆轴承mainshaft bearing主轴轴承maintenance-free bearing自润滑轴承mechanical bearing轴承(总称)midship shaft bearing中间轴轴承miniature bearing微型轴承,超小型轴承molded-fabric bearing(设计)模制纤维轴承motor support bearing电动机支承轴承movable bearing活动支承multi-roll bearing滚针轴承multirow bearing多列轴承multipart bearing弓形轴承,扇形轴承multiple-groove bearing多油槽轴承neck bearing中间轴承needle bearing滚针轴承needle(type) roller bearing滚针轴承noise-free bearing低噪声轴承nonfilling slot type bearing无滚珠槽的滚动轴承non-locating bearing浮动轴承,不定位轴承non-porous bearing无孔轴承oil film bearing油膜轴承oil flooded bearing油膜轴承,液体摩擦轴承oil-bath type bearing油浴润滑式轴承oilless bearing不加油轴承自动润滑轴承石墨润滑轴承，含油轴承oil-retaining bearing含油轴承open spindle bearing开式锭子轴承oscillating bearing关节轴承oscillating journal bearing摆动轴径轴承outboard bearing外置轴承parallel bearing滑动轴承parallel-roller bearing平行滚柱轴承partial bearing半轴承partial journal bearing半围轴承(轴瓦在180°范围内包围着轴颈的滑动轴承) pedestal bearing支承轴承pendulum bearing钟摆轴承pin rocker bearing铰接支座,圆柱枢轴摆动轴承pinion bearing小齿轮轴承piston pin bearing活塞销轴承pivot bearing枢轴承,摆动支座,中心(轴尖)支承,立式止推轴承plain-and -ball bearing滑动与滚动组合轴承plane bearing平面轴承plummer block bearing架座,止推轴承pneumatic bearing空气轴承pocket bearing油盘轴承porous bearing多孔轴承powdiron bearing多孔铁轴承,粉未铁轴承power take-off lever bearing动力输出轴轴承preloaded bearing预紧轴承prelubricated bearing预(加)润滑[油密封]轴承,一次润滑轴承pressure-feed air bearing静压空气轴承pressure-loaded bearing承压轴承proper bearing紧密接触轴承pump bearing泵轴承quill bearing滚针轴承radial journal bearing径向轴承,支持轴承,轴颈轴承radial spherical roller bearing径向球形滚柱轴承radial-thrust bearing径向止推轴承rail bearing轨枕,轨承,轨底支承面rear bearing后轴承(车床)rigid type bearing刚性支承点,刚性支承面非自位滚动轴承rim bearing轮缘座,环承ring-oiled sleeve bearing油环润滑式滑动轴承;油环式滑动轴承rocker bearing桥架)摇轴支座; (桁架)伸缩支座rod bearing杆轴承roller bearing滚柱轴承roller step bearing滚柱止推轴承rolling-contact bearing滚动接触轴承rotating journal bearing转动轴颈轴承round bearing转动件轴承rubber bearing橡胶轴承sealed roller bearing密封式滚子轴承sector gear bearing扇形齿轮轴承segmental bearing弓形轴承,弧形轴承,分片互轴承,轴瓦块轴承self-acting air bearing动压空气轴承self-aligning bearing球面轴承,自位轴承self-setting bearing多向调整轴承shafting bearing轴承shell bearing轴承壳shifting bearing活动支座shock absorber bearing减震器座side rod bearing边杆轴承single plate ball bearing单垫片滚珠轴承single row angular contact ball bearing单列向心推力球轴承single row cylindrical roller bearing单列短圆柱滚子轴承single shield bearing单罩轴承single thrust bearing单向推力轴承,单向止推轴承single-row bearing单列轴承single-row separable ball bearing分离型向心推力球轴承single-row tapered roller bearing单列圆锥滚子轴承sintered metal bearing烧结金属轴承sleeve bearing套筒轴承,滑动轴承slewing bearing旋转枢轴轴承slide bearing滑动轴承sliding double bearing滑动复式轴承snap-ring bearing开口环轴承snap-ring ball bearing(在负荷端)带止动垫圈的滚珠轴承solid journal bearing整体轴颈轴承solid roller bearing实心滚子轴承,整体滚柱轴承special guide bearing特种导承spherical bearing球面轴承,球形支座,球面支承spherical roller thrust bearing推力球面滚子轴承spigot bearing导向轴承,套筒轴承，小载荷轴承,轻载轴承，插口轴承spindle bolt bearing心轴螺栓轴承spiral roller bearing螺旋(式)滚子轴承spot contact bearing滚珠轴承spring plank bearing摇枕吊轴sprocket shaft bearing链轮轴轴承square-bore ball bearing方(轴)孔滚珠轴承squeeze film bearing(挤)压(油)膜轴承starter main shaft bearing起动机主轴轴承steady bearing支撑轴承(防止长轴摆动)steep angle bearing大锥角滚柱轴承steering gear worm thrust bearing转向蜗杆止推轴承steering knuckle thrust bearing转向关节主动轴承steering worm bearing转向蜗杆轴承steering worm sector bearing转向器扇形蜗轮轴承step bearing立式止推轴承,踏板轴承,阶式止推轴承straight roller bearing普通滚柱轴承stuffing box bearing填料压盖轴承,密封轴承suspension bearing吊轴承swing bearing摆动支座,摆锤支座swivel bearing旋转轴承taper-bore cylindrical-roller bearing 锥孔圆柱滚子轴承taper-roller bearing锥形滚柱轴承textolite bearing夹布胶木轴承thermo-expansion compensation angular ball bearing热胀补偿向心球轴承thrust bearing推力轴承,止推轴承推力座tin-copper-graphite bearing青铜石墨轴承tip bearing枢轴承,枢支座toe bearing立式止推轴承top bearing上盖(顶盖)轴承Torrington needle bearing(无内座圈的)冲压外座圈滚针轴承torsion bearing抠转轴承transverse bearing径向轴承truck side bearing(机车的)下旁承,底板,镶板,闸瓦托trunnion bearing耳轴承tumbler bearing铰式支座,摆动支座(轴承)two-direction self-aligning ball thrust bearing双球面止推滚珠轴承,自调止推滚珠轴承two-piece bearing对开轴承,拼合轴承,可调轴承two-point bearing二点交叉定位uncoupling lever shaft bearing互钩开关杆轴承universal-joint cross bearing万向接头轴承universal-joint needle bearing万向节针式轴承upper bearing上轴承,上轴瓦upper center crankshaft bearing曲轴主轴承上中轴瓦water lubricated bearing水润滑轴承water pump shaft bearing水泵轴轴承water-sealed bearing防水轴承weight-carrying roller bearing径向滚柱轴承wheel bearing轮轴轴承wick-lubricated bearing油渑润滑轴承winch worm shaft bearing绞车蜗杆轴承wire race ball bearing钢丝滚道球轴承wooden bearing木制轴承worm bearing蜗杆轴承worm shaft roller conical bearing蜗杆锥棍轴承worm thrust bearing蜗杆止推轴承wrist-pin bearing十字头销衬套,活塞销衬。
英语中不定式（todo）的6种成分和2种独立用法
英语中不定式（todo）的6种成分和2种独立用法非谓语是英语学习的重点也是难点，很多同学对这个语法知识一直是处于比较懵的状态。
其实只要掌握非谓语所充当成分的用法就可以运用自如了。
非谓语，顾名思义就是不做谓语的动词的变化形式，即to do ，doing，done。
除了谓语，句子成分中还有主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
下面看看不定式(to do)充当这6种成分的用法：一、不定式作主语1.To see is to believe. （这种情况不常用）2. It is important to learn English well.It 是形式主语，真正的主语是 to learn English well. 这种用法是常用的而且是考点！考点！考点！二、不定式作表语:常说明主语的内容、性质和特征或表动作将要发生。
1. My job is to keep the children safe.2.My task is to type the article.三、不定式做宾语1.He prefers to eat white bread and rice.2.He wants to play football.3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。
如：I find it difficult to remember everything.常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：（需要记住）agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt；care, choose, claim；dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine；expect, fail, get, guarantee；hate, hesitate, hope, hurry；intend, learn, manage, offer,plan, prepare, pretend, promise；refuse, seem, tend, threaten；want, wish 等四、不定式做宾语补足语1.I'd invite her to have dinner at my house.2 . We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.Note 1: 带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。
轴承专业英语的大全
轴承专业英语（一）滚动轴承总论1. 滚动轴承 rolling bearing ['rəuliŋ]2. 单列轴承 single row bearing [rau]3. 双列轴承 double row bearing4. 多列轴承 multi-row bearing ['mʌlti]5. 满装滚动体轴承 full complement bearing [ful] ['kɔmplimənt]6. 角接触轴承 angular contact bearing ['æŋɡjulə]7. 自动调心轴承 automatic self-aligning bearing [ə‘lainiŋ]8. 可分离的轴承 separable bearing ['sepərəbl]9. 不可分离轴承 non-separable bearing10. 英制轴承 inch bearing inch [intʃ]11. 开型轴承 open bearing open ['əupən]12. 密封圈轴承 sealed bearing sealed [si:ld]13. 防尘盖轴承 shielded bearing shielded ['ʃi:ldid]14. 闭型轴承 capped bearing15. 预润滑轴承prelubricated bearing [pri:‘ljubrikeitid]16. 仪器精密轴承 instrument precision bearing ['instrumənt] [pri'siʒən]17. 组配轴承 matched bearing（二）向心轴承1. 向心轴承 radial bearing ['reidiəl]2. 径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing contact ['kɔntækt]3. 角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing ['æŋɡjulə]4. 外球面轴承 insert bearing insert [in'sə:t]5. 锥孔轴承 tapered bore bearing ['teipəd]6. 凸缘轴承 flanged bearing [flændʒ] flanged adj. 带凸缘的；装有法兰的；带法兰的；折边的7. 滚轮（滚动）轴承 track roller (rolling bearing) ['rəulə]8. 万能组配轴承 universal matching bearing [,ju:ni'və:səl]（三）球轴承1. 球轴承 ball bearing2. 向心球轴承 radial ball bearing3. 深沟球轴承 deep groove ball bearing4. 装填槽球轴承 filling slot ball bearing5. 三点接触球轴承 three point contact ball bearing6. 四点接触球轴承 four point contact ball bearing7. 推力球轴承 thrust ball bearing8. 单列双向推力球轴承 single row double-direction thrust ball bearing9. 双排单向推力球轴承 doubel row single-direction thrust ball bearing10. 特种轴承 special bearing11. 带止动环球轴承 ball bearing with snap ring12. 外球面体球轴承 external sphere ball bearing（四）轴承零件1. 轴承零件 bearing part [pɑ:t]2. 轴承套圈 bearing ring [riŋ]3. 轴承垫圈 bearing washer4. 止动环 snap ring [snæp] [riŋ]5. 隔圈 spacer ['speisə]6. 密封圈 seal [si:l]7.防尘盖 shield8. 挡圈 slinger ['sliŋə]9. 滚动体 rolling element ['rəuliŋ] ['elimənt]10. 保持架 cage or retainer [ri'teinə]11. 内圈 inner ring ['inə]12. 外圈 outer ring ['autə]13. 油脂 grease [ɡri:s]14. 钢球 steel ball steel [sti:l] : 钢，钢的15. 偏心套 eccentric collar [ik'sentrik]16. 锁紧套 locking collar17. 止动销钉 anti-rotation pin [pin]18. 轴承座 housing ['hauziŋ]19. 橡胶套 rubber grommet ['ɡromit]20. 紧定衬套 adapter sleeve [ə'dæptə(r)] [sli:v]21、尺寸：dimension [di'menʃən]22、直径：diameter [dai'æmitə]23、宽度：width [widθ, witθ]24、长度：length [l eŋθ]25、高度：height [hait]26、角度：angle ['æŋɡl]27、半径：radius ['reidiəs]28、厚度：thickness ['θiknis]29、轴向的：axial ['æksiəl]30、径向的：radial ['reidjəl]31、外圆（外径） outside surface32、内圆（内径） inner surface33、沟道 raceway（五）技术常用词1、公差：tolerance ['tɔlərəns] n. 公差；容忍；宽容；公差2、游隙：clearance ['kliərəns] 清除；清理；出清，出空【机械】余隙，间隙3、噪音：noise [nɔiz] n. 响声；杂音；噪音4、扭矩：torque [tɔ:k] n. 转矩，扭矩；项圈，金属领圈5、硬度：hardness ['hɑ:dnis] n. 硬度；坚硬；困难；冷酷6、倒角: chamfer ['tʃæmfə] vt. 去角；挖槽；斜切n. 斜面；凹槽7、精度：precision [pri'siʒən] n. 精确；精度，精密度adj. 精密的，精确的8、残磁：residual magnetism [ri'zidjuəl] n. 剩余；残渣 adj. 剩余的；残留的['mæɡnitizəm] n. 磁性，磁力；磁学；吸引力9、表面质量：surface quality ['sə:fis] n. 表面；外观；表层 adj. 表面的，肤浅的['kwɔləti] n. 质量，品质；特性；才能10、注脂量：grease fill [ɡri:s] vt. 涂脂于；贿赂n. 油脂；贿赂 grease volume11、打字：marking ['mɑ:kiŋ] n. 做记号；打分；标志；斑纹v. 作记号于；注意；给…打分数12、包装：packaging ['pækidʒiŋ] n. 包装；包装业，包装风格 v. 包装（package的ing形式）13、表面处理：surface finishing ['sə:fis] ['finiʃiŋ] 表面精加工，表面修整14、螺钉：set screw [set] [skru:] 固定螺钉；定位螺钉15、公称尺寸：nominal dimension ['nɔminəl] [di'menʃən]15、振动/偏差：vibration [vai'breiʃən]16、钢球等级：ball grade [ɡreid]17、清洁度：cleanliness ['klenlinis]18、毛刺：burr [bə:] 毛口，毛边，毛头，毛刺19、锈蚀：rust [rʌst] n. 锈；生锈；锈病vt. 使生锈；腐蚀 vi. 生锈；成铁锈色；变迟钝20、极限转速：limiting speed（六）工序常用词1、割料 cutting ['kʌtiŋ] n. 切断；剪辑；开凿 adj. 严寒的；锋利的；尖酸刻薄的 v. 切开；采伐；削减（cut的ing形式）2、锻造 forging ['fɔ:dʒiŋ]n. 锻件,锻造(法)3、铸造 casting ['kɑ:stiŋ]n. 投掷；铸造；铸件；角色分配v. 投掷；铸造；投向；选派演员；扔掉（cast的ing形式）4、热处理heat treatment[hi:t] ['tri:tmənt]5、车加工 turning ['tə:niŋ]【机械工程】车削工作，车工工艺6、光饰 tumbling ['tʌmbliŋ]【工程】滚筒抛光7、磨加工 grinding ['ɡraindiŋ] 磨制；研磨：8、粗磨 rough grinding [rʌf] ['ɡraindiŋ] 粗研磨9、软磨 soft grinding10、精磨 precision grinding [pri'siʒən]【机械工程】精磨 fine grinding11、修磨 correct grinding12、光磨（无进给磨，即静止状态磨削）13、超精 superfinishing [,sju:pə'finiʃiŋ] 【冶金学】超级研磨14、磨孔 bore grinding15、清洗 washing ['wɔʃiŋ] 洗；洗涤，洗濯；洗净16、装配 assembly [ə'sembli] n. 装配；集会，集合17、采购 purchase18、原材料 raw material19、坯件冲压（成型） blank punching20、抛光 polish21、整形 truing22、包装 packing / packaging23、纸板盒 carton / cardboard24、抽检 / 取样 sampling inspection / sampling25、全检 full inspection26、终检 final inspection27、巡检 tour inspection28、镀黄锌 yellow zine plated29、热处理前软磨非基准面 non-reference face grinding before heat treatment30、热处理前软磨两端面 double face grinding before heat treatment31、车孔及一端外角 bore and one side outer corner turning32、车两面防尘槽 double-side shields groove turning33、车沟及另一外角 raceway and receive of grinding34、磨削收发 dispatch and receive of grinding35、定期防锈处理 periodically anti-rust treatment（七）机械常用词1、Instrument ['instrumənt] n. 仪器；器械；工具；手段；乐器2、Efficiency [i'fiʃənsi]a. 有效的,生效的 n. 效率3、Usage ['ju:zidʒ] n. 用法；使用；惯例4、Straight [streit] adj. 直的；正直的；整齐的；连续的；笔直的 adv. 直接地；坦率地；立即；不断地 n. 直线；直5、Horizontal adj. 水平的；地平线的；同一阶层的 n. 水平线，水平面；水平位置['hɔri'zɔntəl]6、Vertical ['və:tikəl] adj. 垂直的，直立的；头顶的，顶点的 n. 垂直线，垂直面7、Incline [in'klain] vi. 倾斜；倾向；易于 vt. 使倾斜；使倾向于 n. 斜面；斜坡；倾斜8、Angle ['æŋgl] n. 角度，角9、Arc [ɑ:k] n. 弧（度）；弧形物；天穹； adj. 圆弧的；反三角函数的vt. 走弧线；形成电弧10、Scale [skeil] n. 刻度；比例；数值范围；天平；规模；鳞 vi. 攀登；衡量；生水垢；剥落vt. 攀登；测量；刮鳞；依比例决定11、Tolerance ['tɔlərəns]n. 宽容,容忍 n.公差12、Interchangeable [,intə'tʃeindʒəbl]adj. 可互换的；可交换的；可交替的13、Mechanism ['mekənizəm]n. 机械装置；机制；技巧；原理，途径；进程14、Individual [,indi'vidjuəl]adj. 个别的；个人的；独特的 n. 个人，个体15、Impractical [im'præktikəl]adj. 不切实际的，不现实的；不能实行的16、Perfect ['pə:fikt]adj. 完美的；最好的；精通的vt. 使完美；使熟练n. 完成式17、Worn [wɔ:n]adj. 用旧的；疲倦的 v. 穿；佩戴；磨损（wear的过去分词）18、Slight [slait]adj. 轻微的，少量的；脆弱的；细长的；不重要的 vt. 怠慢；轻视，忽略n. 怠慢；轻蔑19、Variation [,vεəri'eiʃən] n. 变异，变种；变化20、Minus ['mainəs]prep. 减，减去n. 不足；负号，减号；负数 adj. 负的；减的.21、shaft [ʃɑ:ft] n. 拍杆；轴；箭杆；杆状物22、steady ['stedi] adj. 稳定的；不变的；沉着的23、rotary ['rəutəri] adj. 旋转的，转动的；轮流的24、friction ['frikʃən] n. 摩擦，摩擦力25、component [kəm'pəunənt] n. 成分；组件；元件26、efficiency [i'fiʃənsi] n. 效率；效能；功效27、assembly [ə'sembli] n. 装配；集会，集合28、groove[ɡru:v] n. 凹槽，槽；最佳状态；惯例29、installation [,instə'leiʃən] n. 安装，装置；就职30、transmission [trænz'miʃən] n. 传动装置，变速器；传递；传送；播送●密封的轴承系统减少夹持力并增加轴承寿命。
7大习惯
只要顺应自然，人人皆可长寿Comply with the Nature, Share a LongLifespan国医大师李振华认为，一个人的寿命与饮食有极大的关系，吃太多油腻的食物，会导致许多疾病，寿命自然不会长久，因此，他建议大家多吃素食，这对于养生保健有极大的帮助。
Li Zhenhua, master of traditional Chinese medicine, considers that people’s lifespan concerns with their diet greatly, say taking too much greasy food will raise high risk of suffering diseases which doesn’t ensure you longevity. Therefore, he suggests all intake more vegetarian food which will benefit a lot to health preservation and promotion.我们提倡素食，并不是要大家放弃所有动物性食品，放弃油脂，每天用蔬菜和水果代替所有的食品，而是要在食物多样化的前提下，控制脂肪的摄入量；主食以谷类为主；多吃蔬菜水果；经常吃奶类、豆类和适量的鱼、禽、疍、瘦肉。
只有这样，才能保证饮食中的蛋白质、脂肪等营养素满足人体基本的需要。
否则，营养不均衡，对健康十分不利。
尤其是对孩子，单纯、过分的素食甚至可能对发育产生负面影响。
Advocating for vegetarian food doesn’t require everyone to quit having all animal food, oil and fat, taking place all food with vegetable and fruit, but on the precondition of food variety, controlling fat intake; having cereal food as staple food; taking more vegetable and fruit; frequently having milk, beans and proper amount fish, chicken, egg and meat. Only by doing these, it can guarantee protein, fat and other nutrition in food to satisfy basic needs of human body. Otherwise, uneven nutrition will harm your health, especially to children, pure and excessive intaking vegetarian food could have negative effect to their growth.注重形象,树立个人品牌Pay Attention to Image, Set upPersonal Brand人在职场,个人的形象很重要，因为我们的个人形象，代表着我们所在企业形象、企业的产品形象、企业的服务形象。
JMGPM 25 M9BW 30 通用接线器型号说明文档说明书
JMGPM 25M9BW30Port thread typeNil M thread ø12 to ø32Rc ø40 to ø100TN NPT TFGTypeSpecial functionElectrical entryI n d i c a t o r l i g h tWiring (Output)Load voltage Auto switch model Lead wire length [m]Pre-wiredconnector Applicable load DCACPerpendicularIn-line0.5(Nil)1(M)3(L)5(Z)S o l i d s t a t e a u t o s w i t c h———Grommet Yes 3-wire (NPN)24 V5 V, 12 V —M9NV M9N V V V v v IC circuit Relay, PLC3-wire (PNP)M9PV M9P V V V v v 2-wire12 V M9BV M9B V V V v v —Diagnostic indication (2-color indicator)3-wire (NPN)5 V, 12 V M9NWV M9NW V V V v v IC circuit 3-wire (PNP)M9PWV M9PW V V V v v 2-wire 12 V M9BWV M9BW V V V v v —Water resistant (2-color indicator)3-wire (NPN) 5 V, 12 V M9NAV ∗∗M9NA ∗∗v v V v v IC circuit 3-wire (PNP)M9PAV ∗∗M9PA ∗∗v v V v v 2-wire12 VM9BAV ∗∗M9BA ∗∗vvVvv—Applicable Auto Switches /Refer to the WEB catalog or Best Pneumatics for further information on auto switches.∗ Lead wire length symbols: 0.5 m………… N il (Example) M9NW 1 m………… M (Example) M9NWM 3 m………… L (Example) M9NWL 5 m………… Z (Example) M9NWZ∗ For details about auto switches with pre-wired connector, refer to the WEB catalog or Best Pneumatics.∗ Auto switches are shipped together, (but not assembled).∗ Solid state auto switches marked with “v ” are produced upon receipt of order.∗∗ Water resistant type auto switches can be mounted on the above models, but in such case SMC cannot guarantee water resistance.Please contact SMC regarding water resistant types with the above model numbers.How to OrderCylinder stroke [mm]Refer to “Standard Strokes” on page 4.Bearing type MSlide bearingBore size1210 mm x 21612 mm x 22016 mm x 22520 mm x 23225 mm x 24032 mm x 25040 mm x 26345 mm x 28056 mm x 210071 mm x 2Auto switchNilWithout auto switch (Built-in magnet)∗ For applicable auto switches, refer to the table below.Number of auto switchesNil 2S 1nnCompactGuide CylinderJMGP Seriesø12, ø16, ø20, ø25, ø32, ø40, ø50, ø63, ø80, ø1003Standard StrokesOUTIN[N]Bore size [mm]Rod size [mm]Operating directionPiston area[mm 2]Operating pressure [MPa]0.20.30.40.50.60.7ø12(ø10 x 2)6OUT 1573147637994110IN 101203040506070ø16(ø12 x 2)6OUT 226456890113136158IN 17034516885102119ø20(ø16 x 2)8OUT 40280121161201241281IN 3026090121151181211ø25(ø20 x 2)10OUT 628126188251314377440IN 47194141188236283330ø32(ø25 x 2)12OUT 982196295393491589687IN 756151227302378453529ø40(ø32 x 2)16OUT 16083224836438049651126IN 1206241362483603724844ø50(ø40 x 2)18OUT 25135037541005125715081759IN 2004401601802100212031403ø63(ø45 x 2)20OUT 31816369541272159019092227IN 25535117661021127615321787ø80(ø56 x 2)25OUT 492698514781970246329563448IN 394478911831578197223672761ø100(ø71 x 2)30OUT 7918158423763167395947515543IN 6505130119512602325239034553Note) Theoretical output [N] = Pressure [MPa] x Piston area [mm 2]Theoretical OutputSpecificationsBore size [mm]Standard stroke [mm]ø12 (ø10 x 2)ø16 (ø12 x 2)10, 20, 30, 50, 100ø20 (ø16 x 2)ø25 (ø20 x 2)20, 30, 50, 100, 150ø32 (ø25 x 2)ø40 (ø32 x 2)ø50 (ø40 x 2)ø63 (ø45 x 2)ø80 (ø56 x 2)ø100 (ø71 x 2)25, 50, 100, 150, 200∗ Intermediate strokes are available as a special order.Bore size [mm]ø12(ø10 x 2)ø16(ø12 x 2)ø20(ø16 x 2)ø25(ø20 x 2)ø32(ø25 x 2)ø40(ø32 x 2)ø50(ø40 x 2)ø63(ø45 x 2)ø80(ø56 x 2)ø100(ø71 x 2)Action Double actingFluidAir Proof pressure1.05 MPa Maximum operating pressure 0.7 MPa ∗1Minimum operating pressure 0.15 MPa Ambient and fluid temperature 5 to 60°CPiston speed Note)∗50 to 300 mm/s ∗150 to 250 mm/s ∗1Cushion Rubber bumper on both ends LubricationNot required (Non-lube)Stroke length tolerance+1.50mmNote) Maximum speed with no load∗ Depending on the system configuration selected, the specified speed may not be satisfied.∗1 Maximum operating pressure and piston speed are different from the current product (MGP series).[kg]Bore size [mm]Stroke [mm]1020253050100150200ø12 (ø10 x 2)0.090.12—0.140.190.30——ø16 (ø12 x 2)0.100.13—0.150.200.32——ø20 (ø16 x 2)—0.21—0.250.330.530.72—ø25 (ø20 x 2)—0.28—0.330.430.680.92—ø32 (ø25 x 2)——0.60—0.77 1.11 1.44 1.78ø40 (ø32 x 2)——0.80— 1.07 1.62 2.16 2.70ø50 (ø40 x 2)—— 1.27— 1.63 2.36 3.09 3.82ø63 (ø45 x 2)—— 1.60— 2.03 2.89 3.74 4.60ø80 (ø56 x 2)—— 2.81— 3.47 4.79 6.127.44ø100 (ø71 x 2)——4.48— 5.407.229.0510.87WeightSymbolRubber bumperRefer to pages 10 and 11 for cylinders with auto switches.·Auto switch proper mounting position (detection at stroke end) and mounting height·Minimum stroke for auto switch mounting ·Operating range·Auto switch mounting4Compact Guide CylinderJMGP Series。
SKF滚动轴承基础知识说明书
Bearing basicsSpecial Notes for iPad UsersFor iPad users, this course plays in the “Articulate mobile player app”, available free from the App store.The app offers a download option for offline learning, but please note that:1. An on-line connection is required to use the links on the “resources” tab2. If you wish to be able to print your course completion certificate then you need to be on-line when you take the end-of-course testTo continue, you can click the Home icon on the screen to return to the Welcome page of the course.WelcomeWelcome to the Basic introduction to rolling bearings course. This course will give you an introduction to SKF bearings and consists of three sections: Functions and parts,Applications and bearing types,and Designations.Module 1: Functions and partsWhy bearings?Bearings are an essential component of almost all machinery. They transmit loads between, support, guide and locate, machine elements that are required to move relative to each other with a minimum of friction, e.g.a rotating or oscillating shaft, pivot or wheel.Friction: Page 1Friction counteracts the movement between two surfaces. It is essential for the success of many operations, such as a car tyre gripping a road. In most machines however, friction is undesirable since it causes power loss, heat generation, wear and noise. SKF bearings help reduce friction.Friction: Page 2The earliest bearings were mostly made of wood and consisted of a shaft rotating in a hole in a housing, or a wheel rotating on a stationary shaft. Because the components were sliding over each other, friction was relatively high and wear rather rapid.This type of bearing is called a plain bearing and, made of modern materials, is still used in some applications today where speeds and loads are relatively low.Friction: Page 3The introduction of rolling elements between the shaft and the housing greatly reduces friction.Friction: Page 4Today, typical SKF rolling bearings combine maximum load capacity with minimum friction, using hardened steel or ceramic rolling elements, hardened steel inner and outer rings and a cage to guide and separate the rolling elements.Loads: Page 1A bearing can be under radial load, perpendicular to the shaft, or under axial load, acting in the direction along the shaft, or a combination of both radial and axial load, a combined load.Loads: Page 2Large bearings support heavier loads than small bearings can support, and roller bearings support heavier loads than ball bearings can support. Raceway contactThe basic difference between ball bearings and roller bearings is in the contacts between the rolling elements and the raceways. Balls have point contact; rollers have linear contact with relatively larger area.Bearing partsA typical rolling bearing consists of an inner ring, an outer ring and rolling elements contained by a cage. The most common type of rolling bearing is the deep groove ball bearing. These bearings can, as shown here, be supplied with integral seals to retain the lubricant and resist the ingress of contamination.Selection factorsThere are many factors, which will affect the choice of a bearing. These are: Available space, load, required service life, misalignment, speed, stiffness, axial displacement and clearance.Selection factors: SpaceSpace can be an important factor in bearing selection. Where radial space is limited a bearing with small diameter rolling elements, such as a needle roller bearing, may be needed.Selection factors: LoadWhen selecting a bearing, it is important to consider the direction of the load, and the amount of load the bearing will have to carry. A bearing can be under radial load, axial load, or a combination of both.Selection factors: Required service lifeThe life of a bearing can be expressed in terms of: the number of revolutions before failure, the number of operating hours before failure, or the distance covered (for cars and trucks). A bearing is considered to have failed when it shows the first sign of fatigue in a rolling element or raceway, or damage to other parts such as the cage or the seals. Service life is the real life that an individual bearing achieves in a particular application before it has to be replaced. It depends on a variety of influencing factors, including lubrication, the degree of contamination, misalignment, proper installation, and environmental conditions.Because service life cannot be calculated or predicted, bearings are selected using calculated rating life. SKF rating life L10m, a reference value calculated according to statistical methods, using modification factors for lubrication conditions and degree of contamination, and applying the same concept of a fatigue load limit as used in ISO 281, to estimate the life, with 90% reliability, that a sufficiently large population of apparently identical bearings might achieve when all are operating in an identical application.Selection factors: MisalignmentWhere a bearing is likely to be subject to angular misalignment, for example the shaft might bend due to operating loads, appropriate bearings need to be selected. Self-aligning bearings can accept a degree of operational misalignment and can also compensate for limited initial alignment errors in mounting.Selection factors: SpeedThe maximum speed that a bearing can be run in an application is limited by the maximum operating temperature for the materials used in its manufacture, or the lubricant. For high-speed applications minimum possible friction is important, so ball bearings are generally used. Selection factors: StiffnessElastic deformation occurs under load. Usually this deformation is very small and can be ignored. However, in some applications, stiffness is an important factor. Roller bearings have higher stiffness than ball bearings due to the larger area of the line contact.Selection factors: Axial displacementSome applications require bearings that allow the shaft to move axially relative to the bearing. This is called axial displacement. Most often, a shaft is supported by a locating bearing and a non-locating bearing. The locating bearing does not allow axial displacement and keeps the shaft in position. The non-locating bearing supports the shaft and allows displacement to prevent the bearings from being stressed. Cylindrical and CARB toroidalroller bearings can accommodate a limited degree of axial internal displacement.Selection factors: ClearanceThe amount of initial internal radial clearance required in a bearing depends mainly on the fits and temperature gradient between the inner and outer rings of the bearing in the particular application. Operational internal radial clearance is almost always less than initial internal clearance. SKF manufactures bearings with the following ranges of radial internal clearances:•C1 radial internal clearance less than C2•C2 radial internal clearance less than Normal•-- Normal radial internal clearance•C3 radial internal clearance greater than Normal•C4 radial internal clearance greater than C3SummaryIn this lesson, you have learnt about the functions of a bearing. These are: reducing friction, transmitting loads, locating and guiding moving parts. You have also been introduced to the different parts of a bearing: outer and inner rings, rolling elements, cage, and seals and their respective functionalities.Finally, you have also explored the different selection factors, which will affect your choice of bearing: available space, load, required service life, misalignment, speed, stiffness, axial displacement and clearance.Module 2: ApplicationsIntroductionIn this section you will be introduced to the most common bearing types offered by SKF.Electrical motors can be found almost anywhere there is mechanical movement.Motor: Page 2In this drawing you can see that the shaft is supported by two different bearings.Motor: Page 3Cylindrical roller bearings are simply bearings with cylindrical rollers. They can usually accommodate heavy radial loads and can operate at relatively high speeds.Motor: Page 4It is now time to choose the right side bearing.Motor: Page 5Deep groove ball bearings have deep uninterrupted raceways and close osculation between balls and raceways. This enables them to take axial loads in both directions.Pump: Page 1A pump is a device for lifting, transferring or moving fluids by suction or pressure from one position to another. This picture shows a medium-duty process pump, which is often used in refineries.Pump: Page 2In this drawing you can see that the shaft, which is running the impeller, is supported by one deep groove ball bearing to the right, and another bearing or bearings to the left.Single row angular contact ball bearings are widely used in medium and heavy-duty centrifugal pumps. They have raceways arranged at an angle to the bearing axis.Pump: Page 4Single row angular contact ball bearings can only take axial load in one direction. Therefore they are nearly always mounted as pairs in back to back or face to face arrangement at either end of a shaft, or as shown here, universally matchable bearings mounted immediately adjacent to each other.Fan: Page 1This is an industrial fan, in which SKF bearings are commonly used. Industrial fans can either be designed for light loads and high speeds, or for heavy loads and moderate speeds.Fan: Page2A fan is designed with two bearings along its shaft, placed between the fan and the motor. Both bearings carry radial loads and the bearing closest to the fan (on the left hand side here) also needs to be a locating bearing, keeping the shaft and the fan in a fixed position.Fan: Page 3Spherical roller bearings have two rows of rollers with a common raceway in the outer ring. The two inner ring raceways are inclined at an angle to the bearing axis.Fan: Page 4Returning to the fan application again, you now know which bearing is suitable as the locating bearing and here you have to make a guess concerning the non-locating bearing.CARB [ka:b] is a single row toroidal roller bearing with long, slightly crowned, rollers and concave raceways in both the inner and outer rings. Fan: Page 6The complete application looks like this with one spherical roller bearing and one CARB toroidal roller bearing.Separator: Page 1Alfa Laval, a Swedish company, has developed a range of machines specifically designed for rigorous oil processing duties. An example of this would be separators.Separator: Page 2The separation process creates imbalance due to the mud, which is distributed unevenly inside the separator and this makes the spindle bend. Separator: Page 3Self-aligning ball bearings have two rows of balls and a common concave sphered raceway in the outer ring. This makes the bearing insensitive to angular misalignments of the shaft relative to the housing. Self-aligning ball bearings accommodate high speeds due to the point contact between balls and raceways.Refiner: Page 1SKF bearings can be used in refiners in the production of mechanical pulp and other high-yield pulps.Refiner: Page 2In the process wood chips are ground at high mechanical pressure between a stationary disc and a rotating disc, which is powered by an electrical motor. The shaft between the motor and the grinding discs is supported by three bearings.Refiner: Page 3The high production capacity of the refiners is directly related to the demands on the bearing arrangement. The bearings have to provide high stability, operate at high speed, carry high thrust loads and handle deflections of the shaft.Refiner: Page 4The spherical roller thrust bearing incorporates a large number of asymmetrical, spherical rollers and has specially designed raceways. The load is transmitted from one raceway to the other at an angle to the bearing axis and the bearing can carry heavy axial load in one direction and some simultaneously applied radial load as well.Refiner: Page 5This is how the spherical roller thrust bearings are situated in the refiner application.Screw conveyor: Page 1Machines used in the agricultural industry often require bearings that can easily be changed and that can handle misalignments.Screw conveyor: Page 2This is a drawing of a screw conveyor attached to an agricultural machine. The bearings are the only contact between the screw conveyor and the machine.Screw conveyor: Page 3A Y-bearing unit consists of two parts: a housing and a bearing. The bearing is based on the deep groove ball bearing and can carry light radial and axial loads. It has a convex-sphered outside diameter, which allows the bearing to take up misalignment between the shaft and housing at the assembly stage. They are available with a wide range of highly effective,integral seals and a range of different methods for easy mounting to the shaft.Screw conveyor: Page 4This is what the Y-bearing unit looks like in the screw conveyor.Front wheel: Page 1SKF bearings are used in front wheels of commercial vehicles. These applications require bearings that can handle very heavy loads.Front wheel: Page 2This drawing shows how a truck front wheel arrangement is designed and where its bearings are situated. The bearings must carry a large part of the weight of the vehicle and the induced forces when driving, which means that they have to handle heavy loads in both radial and axial directions.Front wheel: Page 3Tapered roller bearings have tapered rollers running in tapered inner and outer ring raceways. This design makes them suitable for handling heavy combined loads.A tapered roller bearing can only carry axial loads in one direction and, for this reason, they are generally fitted in pairs.Front wheel: Page 4See how the tapered roller bearings are mounted in the front wheel of a commercial vehicle.SummaryIn this lesson, you have studied the most common SKF bearing types. Now click on each bearing picture to repeat the most important characteristics of each type. If you want to read more about SKF bearings, enter the SKF Interactive Engineering Catalogue on line at .Module 3: DesignationsIntroductionSKF bearing designations describe a bearing’s or component’s type, design, and variants. The designation can be found both on the box and on the bearing itself.Basic designations: Page 1A bearing designation for metric size bearings can either consist of a basic designation alone or a basic designation plus one or more supplementary designations, called prefixes and suffixes.The basic designation identifies the product type and size, while the supplementary designations identify design, special variants and bearing components.Basic designations: Page 2Each SKF bearing of standard metric design is given a basic designation, which normally consists of three, four or five figures.Basic designations: Page 3For example, the basic designation 22206 denotes a spherical roller bearing with the width series 2, diameter series 2 and a bore diameter of 30 mm.Supplementary designations: Page 1The supplementary designations consist of both prefixes and suffixes. Supplementary designations: Page 2Prefixes are used to identify component parts of a bearing and are usually followed by the designation of the complete bearing.Supplementary designations: Page 3Suffixes are used to identify designs, which differ in some way from the original design. The suffixes are divided into four main groups: Internal design, external design, cage design and variants, all of which are added to the basic designation in this order.End of course testNow it’s time to see what you learned.If you pass the test on-line then you’ll be able to print your course completion certificate.。
Issue笔记
Issue 作文审题1、单一结论型：至少从两个方面对题干中的的单一结论进行分析论述。
找：字面意思和暗含意思，并列结构，半句。
2、双观点型（题目中暗含两个选项，将其对比优劣）首先，找到题目中的比较类关键词：prefer, more, or, than, replace,instead. 其次，对双选项进行对比分析（没有比较就没有发言权）重点句式：“A的确…;但是B最终更加…”…is admittedly…; nevertheless,…is ultimately more…(要善于用副词)“认为A比B更重要是错误的”It is incorrect to place A′s significance above that of B. Issue 作文结构一、文章开头段落1、原意转述题目（改写题目+解释题目+自己观点）1)“题目说”：The speaker says/states/claims/asserts/defines/suggests.....2)“题目的意思是”：This means thatThe meaning of this statement is thatUnder this definition/concept3)“我认为”：I advocate/insist/argueIn my viewAs I see itFrom my perspectiveAs far as I am concerned.重点句式：从这个角度看待…会有严重问题Viewing… in this light reveals serious problems with it. 题目片面得看待了The claim assumes a distortedly narrow view of没有关联：has/have no bearing on有关联：be relevant to2、针对题目进行发问（哪个更好/更重要？ +题目的观点是+我认为）第一步：which is ..:A or B ？第二步：the speaker prefers ..第三步：我认为二、文章主体部分1、论证方法1）完全同意2）完全不同意3）有让步的不同意（即：小部分同意，大部分不同意）4）两种情况2、细节展开1）例证法例子的写法：一个：起因+经过+结果两个：正反例子作对比多个：将例子进行归类分类别讨论三、结尾段落1、过渡连词：transitional words“总而言之”：all in allIn briefTo summarize/in summaryTo conclude/in conclusionTo put all in a nutshell2、Thesis Statements“我赞成”：I intend to stand on the side thatI am inclined to agree with the viewpoint thatI am strongly in favor of doing3、分论点for the reasons that A B and CMain reasons include A B and CThis viewpoint is primarily caused by A B and C. 重点句式：只占少部分…constitute a negligible percentage of..对..有很大的...影响…exerts a strong and beneficial/harmful/positive/negative influence on要求做某事...obligate ...to......impose on ...a duty to...。
由败诉方承担律师费的中英文条款
由败诉方承担律师费的中英文条款The concept of the losing party bearing the attorney's fees is a contentious issue in the legal landscape. This clause, often incorporated into contracts and legal agreements, has been the subject of much debate and discussion. In this essay, we will delve into the nuances of this provision, exploring its implications and examining its application in both the Chinese and English legal systems.Firstly, it is essential to understand the rationale behind the losing party bearing the attorney's fees clause. The primary objective of this provision is to discourage frivolous or groundless litigation and to incentivize parties to resolve disputes in a more efficient and cost-effective manner. By shifting the financial burden of legal representation to the party that is ultimately deemed unsuccessful, the clause aims to deter individuals or organizations from pursuing claims that lack merit or are primarily intended to inflict financial harm on the opposing side.In the Chinese legal system, the principle of the losing party bearingthe attorney's fees is codified in the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China. Article 84 of this law stipulates that the losing party shall be responsible for the reasonable expenses incurred by the winning party, including legal fees. This provision is designed to promote fairness and discourage the abuse of the legal system. Furthermore, the Chinese courts have the discretion to adjust the amount of attorney's fees to be borne by the losing party based on the specific circumstances of the case, such as the complexity of the legal issues and the overall conduct of the parties.Conversely, in the English legal system, the approach to attorney's fees is somewhat different. The general principle in England and Wales is that the "costs follow the event," meaning that the unsuccessful party is typically ordered to pay the legal costs of the prevailing party. This principle is codified in the Civil Procedure Rules, which govern the conduct of civil litigation in the English courts. However, the courts have the discretion to depart from this general rule and apportion the costs in a manner that they deem appropriate, taking into account factors such as the conduct of the parties, the reasonableness of their respective positions, and the overall proportionality of the costs incurred.It is worth noting that the application of the losing party bearing the attorney's fees clause can have significant implications for the parties involved. For the winning party, this provision can provide a sense offinancial security and a deterrent against frivolous claims, as they are assured of recovering their legal expenses. Conversely, for the losing party, the financial burden of bearing the attorney's fees can be a significant and potentially crippling consequence, which may deter individuals or organizations from pursuing claims, even if they believe they have a strong case.Moreover, the implementation of this clause can have broader societal implications. By discouraging the abuse of the legal system and promoting more efficient dispute resolution, the losing party bearing the attorney's fees clause can contribute to the overall effectiveness and integrity of the judicial process. This, in turn, can foster greater public confidence in the legal system and promote a culture of responsible and ethical litigation practices.In conclusion, the clause of the losing party bearing the attorney's fees is a complex and multifaceted issue that has been approached differently in the Chinese and English legal systems. While the underlying rationale of promoting fairness and discouraging frivolous litigation is shared, the specific implementation and application of this principle can vary. As with any legal concept, it is essential to consider the nuances, implications, and broader societal impact of this provision to ensure that it is applied in a manner that upholds the principles of justice and the rule of law.。
信用证英语：against
在国际贸易中，进⼝⼈和出⼝⼈都不愿意把货或钱先交给对⽅，为了解决这⼀⽭盾，避免风险，就出现了信⽤证付款的信⽤⽅式，即信⽤证(Letter of Credit，简称L/C )。
信⽤证⽀付⽅式是⽬前国际贸易中最主要的付款⽅式，我国⽬前近百分之七⼗的进出⼝货物都是靠信⽤证结汇完成的。
在对信⽤证的实际操作中，业务员由于专业及英语⽔平层次不⼀，对信⽤证特别条款理解不深或理解错误，给企业或所在单位造成不应有的损失的事情时有发⽣。
信⽤证的内容⼀般来说较为复杂，长句⼦多，涉及到⾦融、保险、商检、报运、银⾏等多项专业知识。
信⽤证的审核既需要英语⽔平，还需要多年积累的经验。
单证审核也是⼀项专门技术。
下⾯我们就对信⽤证条款中的⼀些关键英⽂词语做必要的翻译和分析，供⼤家参考。
今天我们先来看看against。
我们常见的against 是介词，通常意为“反对”( indicating opposition) ，例如：Public opinion was against the Bill. 舆论反对此法案。
The resolution was adopted by a vote of 30 in favour to 4 against it. 决议以30 票赞成、4 票反对获得通过。
另外还有“⽤…… 交换，⽤…… 兑付”之意。
如：“the rates against U. S. dollars”中的against 就是指美元兑换率。
但在信⽤证中常出现的against 这个词及词义却另有所指，⼀般词典⽆其释义及相关⽤法。
注意以下两个出现在信⽤证句中的against 之意，其意思是凭…… ”、“以…… ”(“take as the basis” or “by”)，⽽不是“以…… 为背景”、“反对”、“对照”、“兑换”或其他什么意思。
1. This credit valid until September 17, 2001 in Switzerland for payment available against the presentation of following documents… 本信⽤证在2001年9⽉17⽇在瑞⼟到期前，凭提交以下单据付款……2. Documents bearing discrepancies must not be negotiated against guarantee and reserve. 含有不符之处的单据凭保函或在保留下不能议付。
各种轴承英文翻译
轴承 承英文翻 翻译第 1 章 滚动轴承 承(rolling bearing) 1.1 向心轴承(co ontact ball b bearing) 1.1.1 深沟球轴承 承(deep gro ball bear ove ring) 1.1.2 圆柱滚子轴 轴承(cylindr rical roller be earing) 1.1.3 滚针轴承( (needle bea aring) 1.1.4 调心球轴承 4 承(self-align ning ball bea aring) 1.1.5 角接触球轴 轴承(angula ar-contact ba bearing) all 1.1.6 圆锥滚子轴 轴承(tapered roller bear d ring) 2.2 其他滑动轴 轴承(others p plain bearing g) 1.1.7 调心滚子轴 轴承(self-aligning roller bearing) 2.3 滑动轴承轴 轴套与轴瓦(b bushing & half-liner of plain h 1.2 推力轴承(th hrust bearing g) 1.2.1 推力球轴承 承(thrust ball bearing) 1.2.2 推 力 圆 柱 滚 子 轴 承 (thrust cylindrical ro oller bearing) 1.2.3 推力滚针轴 轴承(thrust n needle bear ring) 1.2.4 推力角接 4 接触球轴承(t thrust angular-contact ball bearing) 1.2.5 推 力 调 心 滚 子 轴 承 (thrust self f-aligning ro oller bearing) 1.3 组合轴承(co ombined bearing) 承 1.4 外球面球轴 轴承(spherica surface ba bearing) al all aer rostatic bear ring 空气静力 力轴承 1.5 直线运动滚 滚动支承(linea roll bearin ar ng) aga bearing 玛瑙轴承 ate 玛 1.6 滚轮滚针轴 轴承（tracd & needle rolle bearing） er air journal bear ring 气体轴承 承 1.7 水泵轴连轴 轴承（water p pump bearin ng） air lubricated th hrust bearing 空气润滑止 g 止推轴承 1.8 专用轴承(sp pecial bearin ng) alig gning bearing(直线)对位 位轴承 ada apter bearing 带固接套的 的轴承 adjustable bearing 可调轴承 承 adjustable cone colter bea aring 圆犁刀 刀的可调式锥 锥形轴 bea aring) 2.3.1 轴套(plai bearing b in bushing) 2.3.2 轴瓦(plai bearing h alf-liner) in 2.4 滑动轴承附 附件(fitting pa for plain bearing) arts n 1.9 滚动轴承附 附件(fitting pa for rollin bearing) arts ng 第 2 章 滑动轴承(plain bea aring) 2.1 关节轴承(a articulated b bearing) 2.1.1 杆端关节 节轴承(rod en & spheric plain bea nd cal aring) 2.1.2 向心关节 节轴承(plain r radial bearin ng) 2.1.3 角 接 触 关 节 轴 承 ( (angular-con ntact articul lated bea aring) 2.1.4 推力关节 节轴承(thrust articulated bearing)alka aline-friction bearing 抗磨 磨轴承 allow wable bearin 容许支承 ng 承力 all-rubber type b bearing 全胶 胶式轴承。
轴承故障诊断、轴承偏翘案例
轴承故障诊断、轴承偏翘案例英文回答：Bearing Fault Diagnosis and Misalignment Case Study.Bearing fault diagnosis is a critical aspect of condition monitoring in rotating machinery. Detecting and diagnosing bearing faults early on can help prevent catastrophic failures and extend the lifespan of equipment.One common type of bearing fault is misalignment. Misalignment occurs when the bearing is not properly installed or when the shaft is not aligned correctly. This can lead to uneven loading on the bearing, which can cause premature wear and failure.Symptoms of Bearing Misalignment.Increased vibration.Noise.Reduced bearing life.Shaft wear.Seal damage.Causes of Bearing Misalignment.Incorrect bearing installation.Shaft deflection.Thermal expansion.Machine foundation issues.Diagnosing Bearing Misalignment.Bearing misalignment can be diagnosed using a variety of techniques, including:Vibration analysis.Laser alignment.Visual inspection.Vibration analysis is a common method for diagnosing bearing misalignment. By measuring the vibration levels at different points on the bearing housing, it is possible to determine if the bearing is misaligned.Laser alignment is another effective method for diagnosing bearing misalignment. This technique uses a laser to measure the alignment of the shaft and bearing.Visual inspection can also be used to diagnose bearing misalignment. By looking for signs of uneven wear on the bearing or shaft, it is possible to determine if the bearing is misaligned.Correcting Bearing Misalignment.Once a bearing misalignment has been diagnosed, it is important to correct the issue as soon as possible. This can be done by:Realigning the shaft.Replacing the bearing.Adjusting the machine foundation.Case Study.A recent case study involved a large rotating machine that was experiencing increased vibration and noise. The vibration analysis data indicated that the bearings were misaligned.Laser alignment was used to confirm the misalignment and the shaft was subsequently realigned. After the realignment, the vibration and noise levels returned to normal.Conclusion.Bearing fault diagnosis is an important aspect of condition monitoring in rotating machinery. Early detection and diagnosis of bearing faults can help prevent catastrophic failures and extend the lifespan of equipment. Bearing misalignment is a common type of bearing fault that can be diagnosed using a variety of techniques. Correcting bearing misalignment is important to ensure the proper operation of rotating machinery.中文回答：轴承故障诊断和偏翘案例。
《滚动轴承故障分析及防治措施 》PPT
毕业设计
滚动轴承故障分析及防治措施
姓名:赵灿 学号:11649129
教学中心:
中文摘要
摘要：安全是铁路运输永恒的主题。随着客车速度不断提
高，重载列车开行数量增多，铁路运行车辆仍以客货共线 为主，列车密度高居世界第一，这些因素都对机车安全运 行提出了更高的要求。滚动轴承作为机车的重要部件，其 功能对安全运输起着举足轻重的作用。滚动轴承运行是否 正常直接影响到整台机车的性能及运行安全。提速重载是 世界各国铁路的发展方向，速度提升、运量加大的前提是 拥有牵引力十足的机车，而作为重载机车走行部重要部件 之一的牵引电机轴承，在此时此刻需要我们更多的关注。 本文对机车牵引电机常见的轴承进行了简要介绍，通过本 人在工作中接触、了解的滚动轴承故障多发的原因和情况 ，进行了分析并提出与实际情况相符的检查、预防的方法 和有效的解决措施，从而减少滚动轴承故障对铁路运输的 影响，确保铁路运输的安全畅通。
图2-3滚动轴承构成示意图
第二章
2.1. 4 原因分析
机车概论
轴承在正常的条件下使用, 套圈和滚动体的滚动面因不停地重复地受到压力,
亦会发生材料疲劳, 以致造成剥离而无法使用。滚动轴承一旦承受负荷, 其 滚动体与套圈接触面就会发生局部永久变形。该变形量随负荷增大而变大, 若超过某种限度, 则会影响正常运转。轴承烧伤、磨损、裂纹缺口、卡死、 生锈等都有可能使轴承无法使用,但这应称为轴承故障, 须与轴承寿命区分开 。轴承选型不当, 安装欠妥, 润滑不良及密封不好等都是发生轴承故障的原 因, 排除这些原因便可避免轴承发生故障。
车辆在运行中受速度交路重载和线路运行条件的影响滚动轴承一些零部件会发生磨损损耗松弛变形腐蚀裂损等故障给我们研究滚动轴承故障分析及防治措施提出了更高的标准和要求在运用机车发生的各类故障中滚动轴承的热轴故障呈上升趋势已成为防燃防切的主攻目标虽然红外线轴温探测是防范燃轴的重要手段但若能在列检早期的检查中发现滚动轴承故障将具有积极的意义
滚动轴承中英文词汇对照大全
滚动轴承词汇一．轴承A．滚动轴承总论1．滚动轴承：ROLLING BEARING在支承负荷和彼此相对运动的零件间作滚动运动的轴承，它包括有滚道的零件和带或不带隔离或引导件的滚动体组。
可用于承受径向、轴向或径向与轴向的联合负荷。
2．单列轴承：SINGLE ROW BEARING具有一列滚动体的滚动轴承。
3．双列轴承：DOUBLE ROW BEARING具有两列滚动体的滚动轴承。
4．多列轴承：MULTI-ROW BEARING具有多于两列的滚动体、承受同一方向负荷的滚动体。
5．满装滚动体轴承：FULL COMPLEMENT BEARING无保持架的轴承，每列滚动体周向的间隙总和小于滚动体的直径并尽可能小，以使轴承有良好的性能。
6．角接触轴承；ANGULAR CONTACT BEARING公称接触角大于0°，而小于90°的滚动轴承。
7．钢性轴承：RIGID BEARING能阻抗滚道轴心线不准位的轴承。
8．调心轴承：SELF-ALIGNING BEARING一滚道是球面形的，能适应两滚道轴心线间的角偏差及角运动的轴承。
9．外调心轴承：EXTERNAL ALIGNING BEARING利用与调心外座圈、调心座垫圈或座表面相匹配的套圈或套圈的球面形，以适应其轴心线与轴承座轴心线间的角偏差的滚动轴承。
10．可分离的轴承：SEPARABLE BEARING具有可分离分部件的滚动轴承。
11．不可分离轴承：NON-SEPARABLE BEARING在最终装配后，轴承套圈均不能任意自由分离的滚动轴承。
12．剖分轴承；SPLIT BEARING套圈及保持架两者在使用时为简化安装，均可分为两半圆件的滚动轴承。
13．米制轴承：METRIC BEARING原设计时外形尺寸及公差以米制单位表示的滚动轴承。
14．米制系列轴承：METRIC SERIES BEARING符合我国现行标准中米制系列的滚动轴承。
15．英制轴承：INCH BEARING原设计时外形尺寸及公差以英制单位表示的滚动轴承。
轴承专业英文分类词汇
类别1. 轴承类型................................................................................................................ １滚动轴承部分 .............................................................................................................. １1.1 一般术语............................................................................................................... １1.2 按轴承尺寸分类.................................................................................................... ２1.3 按特殊性能分类.................................................................................................... ３1.4 按滚动体分类 ....................................................................................................... ３1.5 按负荷作用分类.................................................................................................... ４1.6 按特殊结构分类.................................................................................................... ７1.7 按用途分类........................................................................................................... ９滑动轴承部分 ........................................................................................................... １１1.8 关节轴承............................................................................................................ １１1.9 空气轴承与液压轴承 ......................................................................................... １１类别2. 轴承零件与附件.................................................................................................. １１2.1 套圈................................................................................................................... １１2.2 滚动体 ............................................................................................................... １３2.3 保持架 ............................................................................................................... １４2.4 防尘盖和密封圈................................................................................................. １５2.5 其它................................................................................................................... １８类别3. 轴承及其零件的结构要素................................................................................... １９3.1 轴承部分............................................................................................................ １９3.2 套圈部份............................................................................................................ １９3.3 滚动体部分........................................................................................................ ２０3.4 保持架部分........................................................................................................ ２１3.5 其他部分............................................................................................................ ２１类别4. 轴承尺寸与公差.................................................................................................. ２１4.1 公差................................................................................................................... ２１4.2 配合................................................................................................................... ２２4.3 位置公差............................................................................................................ ２３4.4 形状公差............................................................................................................ ２４4.5 旋转精度............................................................................................................ ２５类别5. 轴承的理论与设计.............................................................................................. ２５5.1 尺寸................................................................................................................... ２５5.2 直径................................................................................................................... ２６5.3 外径................................................................................................................... ２７5.4 内径................................................................................................................... ２８5.5 宽度................................................................................................................... ２９5.6 长度................................................................................................................... ２９5.7 高度................................................................................................................... ３０5.8 倒角................................................................................................................... ３０5.9 半径................................................................................................................... ３０5.10 角度................................................................................................................. ３１5.11 深度、厚度、沟心距........................................................................................ ３１5.12 负荷................................................................................................................. ３２5.13 力 .................................................................................................................... ３４5.14 力矩................................................................................................................. ３５5.15 应力................................................................................................................. ３６5.16 游隙................................................................................................................. ３８5.17 表面光洁度...................................................................................................... ３８5.18 数值................................................................................................................. ３９5.19 点 .................................................................................................................... ４１5.20 面 .................................................................................................................... ４１5.21 线 .................................................................................................................... ４３5.22 精度等级 ......................................................................................................... ４３5.23 系列................................................................................................................. ４４5.24 代号................................................................................................................. ４４5.25 系数................................................................................................................. ４４5.26 寿命................................................................................................................. ４７5.27 声音................................................................................................................. ４９5.28 振动................................................................................................................. ５３5.29 波 .................................................................................................................... ５４5.30 频率................................................................................................................. ５６5.31 速度................................................................................................................. ５７5.32 摩擦................................................................................................................. ５９5.33 磨损................................................................................................................. ６１5.34 疲劳................................................................................................................. ６２5.35 运动................................................................................................................. ６４5.36 变形................................................................................................................. ６５类别6. 滚动轴承用材料.................................................................................................. ６５6.1 金属材料............................................................................................................ ６５6.2 非金属材料........................................................................................................ ６７类别7. 滚动轴承的润滑.................................................................................................. ６８7.1 润滑方法............................................................................................................ ６８7.2 润滑剂与添加剂................................................................................................. ６９7.3 润滑剂的性能 .................................................................................................... ７０7.4 润滑工具与测试仪器 ......................................................................................... ７２类别8. 滚动轴承的防锈.................................................................................................. ７３8.1 腐蚀................................................................................................................... ７３8.2 防锈方法............................................................................................................ ７４8.3 防锈材料............................................................................................................ ７５类别9. 滚动轴承的破坏形式 .......................................................................................... ７８9.1 发热与烧伤........................................................................................................ ７８9.2 摩擦与擦伤........................................................................................................ ７８9.3 疲劳剥落............................................................................................................ ７８9.4 破损................................................................................................................... ７９9.5 锈蚀................................................................................................................... ７９9.6 其它................................................................................................................... ７９类别1. 轴承类型滚动轴承部分1.1 一般术语1.1.1 type结构类型（因轴承结构上的差异而形成的各种不同结构型）1.1.2 bearing轴承（支承轴的机械零件，它由一个或数个零件所组成，负荷由其传给箱体或机件，并能保证轴的正常工作：有滑动轴承和滚动轴承两种）1.1.3 rolling bearing; anti-frication bearing 滚动轴承(一般由环形滚道、滚动体与保持架组成。
机械液压设备产品说明书
Sleeve Bearing Lubrication Mike JohnsonPlain BearingsThere are two broad types of bearings used in machinery today: plain and rolling element bearings. This article targets the special lubrication requirements of plain bearings, also known as sleeve bearings and journal bearings.The plain bearing consists of a shaft, also called a journal, and a supporting component, which may be a shell around the shaft called a sleeve, a half shell that the shaft fits into, two half shells (top and bottom parts) or a multipart shell.See Figure1Plain bearings are used for high radial loads (perpendicular to the axis of the shaft) and low to high speeds. Typical applications include turbines, large milling systems, engine cranks, compressors, gearboxes, shaft bearing supports, etc.Every journal bearing has some common design characteristics as shown inFigure 2.The components that are separated by the oil film in a plain bearing are the bearing liner and the shaft. The shaft is composed of high-quality, wear-resistant, structurally strong steel. The bearing liner may be made of a single layer or multiple layers, depending on the design features of the equipmentLubrication RegimeUnder normal operating conditions, the lubrication regime will be a hydrodynamic full-fluid film. A hydrodynamic film occurs when there is sufficient lubricant between the lubricated surfaces at the point of loading to form a fluid wedge that separates the sliding surfaces. In this state, the lubricated components do not touch each another, reducing friction and wear.This condition is represented by the equation ZN/P, where Z = viscosity, N = speed (rpm) and P = load. This equation is represented by Figure 4.The curve on this graph is called the Stribeck Curve. It is the classical representation of the relationship between speed, load and friction.Mixed film conditions occur when a loss of the film resulting in momentary contact between the two surfaces is apparent. This can occur in response to momentary variations in loading, called shock-loading, that can collapse the film, resulting in physical contact of opposing asperities.Another condition that can occur is boundary film lubrication. This is when the film that separates the surfaces undergoes significant loss resulting in a high load of metal-to-metal contact. This happens any time the relative motion of component surfaces are slow and no oil film is formed.Lubrication Needs of a Plain BearingOperating under proper speed, surface area, viscosity and oil volume, a plain bearing can support very heavy loads. The balance between these conditions is important. If the load or the speed changes, the lubricant viscosity must be adjusted to compensate for the change. There is no simple formula that is used to calculate the viscosity requirements for oil lubricated plain bearings, but the ZN/P formula demonstrates the results of complex calculations used to arrive at the proper clearance.Criteria to consider once you have identified the proper viscosity grade include oxidation stability, corrosion inhibition, wear protection, water and air separation properties, etc. Because plain bearings can be used in a variety of applications, there is no single set of criteria that should be used. Selection depends on the equipment design and operating conditions.Plain bearings are normally oil lubricated, but may be lubricated with grease for slow-speed equipment, particularly if they are subject to frequent starts and stops or the bearings may be physically difficult to reach.The type and amount of grease depends on continuous replenishment of the body of grease that is held within the dynamic clearances (empty spaces while the bearing is turning) in order to maintain effective lubricant condition and hydrodynamic lift. Equipment with poor sealing characteristics may require a heavier body of lubricant and more frequent replenishment cycles.Under manual (intermittent) relubrication, the volume and the frequency are influenced by operating conditions, grease quality and available time for the task. Grease selection begins with consideration of the oil to be used. Heavy oils are used to formulate greases used to manually lubricate plain bearings in high-duty service.After the proper viscosity oil has been selected, then the soap thickener, oxidation and rust characteristics, worked consistency properties, pumpability (for automatic systems) and load-bearing (EP/AW) properties are considered. For long intervals and very heavy loading, solid additives such as molybdenum disulfide or graphite may be incorporated. The solid additives would serve to mechanically prevent metal contact in mixed film and boundary lubrication conditions.The grease should be pumped into the bearing in front of the load zone and at the location of the grease grooves used for lubricant distribution (Figures 5 and 6).Figure 6Wear and Failure Modes in Plain BearingsThere are several factors that can wipe or damage a plain bearing surface. Abrasive wear is one of the most common. If the wear is caused by a hard particle rubbing between the lubricated surfaces, it is called three-body wear. Wear caused by an asperity on one surface cutting the other surface is called two-body abrasion.Wear can also result from insufficient volume of lubricant (starvation leading to boundary conditions), overheated lubricant (viscosity at operating temperature cannot support the load causing frictional heat and additional oil thinning), rough surfaces (asperities on the journal cause rubbing), imbalance (improper loading of the support element causing shock loading), journal eccentricity (egg-shaped journal causing rubbing on the high spots), and metal fatigue from improper metallurgy. Journal bearing wear can be effectively monitored by oil and ferrographic analysis.See Figure7The telltale indicators that may point to high wear conditions include high metallic particle counts (two levels above norm), darkened metal surfaces, blued metal surfaces and wear metals formed into spirals or platelets. As oils age and become contaminated with moisture or acidic oxidation compounds, we can see evidence of corrosion and metallic oxidation on stationary surfaces in the reservoir.。
轴承专业英语大全
轴承专业英语（一）滚动轴承总论1. 滚动轴承rolling bearing ['rəuliŋ]2. 单列轴承single row bearing [rau]3. 双列轴承double row bearing4. 多列轴承multi-row bearing ['mʌlti]5. 满装滚动体轴承full complement bearing [ful] ['kɔmplimənt]6. 角接触轴承angular contact bearing ['æŋɡjulə]7. 自动调心轴承automatic self-aligning bearing [ə…lainiŋ]8. 可分离的轴承separable bearing ['sepərəbl]9. 不可分离轴承non-separable bearing10. 英制轴承inch bearing inch [intʃ]11. 开型轴承open bearing open ['əupən]12. 密封圈轴承sealed bearing sealed [si:ld]13. 防尘盖轴承shielded bearing shielded ['ʃi:ldid]14. 闭型轴承capped bearing15. 预润滑轴承prelubricated bearing [pri:…ljubrikeitid]16. 仪器精密轴承instrument precision bearing ['instrumənt] [pri'siʒən]17. 组配轴承matched bearing（二）向心轴承1. 向心轴承radial bearing ['reidiəl]2. 径向接触轴承radial contact bearing contact ['kɔntækt]3. 角接触向心轴承angular contact radial bearing ['æŋɡjulə]4. 外球面轴承insert bearing insert [in'sə:t]5. 锥孔轴承tapered bore bearing ['teipəd]6. 凸缘轴承flanged bearing [flændʒ] flanged adj. 带凸缘的；装有法兰的；带法兰的；折边的7. 滚轮（滚动）轴承track roller (rolling bearing) ['rəulə]8. 万能组配轴承universal matching bearing [,ju:ni'və:səl]（三）球轴承1. 球轴承ball bearing2. 向心球轴承radial ball bearing3. 深沟球轴承deep groove ball bearing4. 装填槽球轴承filling slot ball bearing5. 三点接触球轴承three point contact ball bearing6. 四点接触球轴承four point contact ball bearing7. 推力球轴承thrust ball bearing8. 单列双向推力球轴承single row double-direction thrust ball bearing9. 双排单向推力球轴承doubel row single-direction thrust ball bearing10. 特种轴承special bearing11. 带止动环球轴承ball bearing with snap ring12. 外球面体球轴承external sphere ball bearing（四）轴承零件1. 轴承零件bearing part [pɑ:t]2. 轴承套圈bearing ring [riŋ]3. 轴承垫圈bearing washer4. 止动环snap ring [snæp] [riŋ]5. 隔圈spacer ['speisə]6. 密封圈seal [si:l]7.防尘盖shield8. 挡圈slinger ['sliŋə]9. 滚动体rolling element ['rəuliŋ]['elimənt]10. 保持架cage or retainer [ri'teinə]11. 内圈inner ring ['inə]12. 外圈outer ring ['autə]13. 油脂grease [ɡri:s]14. 钢球steel ball steel [sti:l] : 钢，钢的15. 偏心套eccentric collar [ik'sentrik]16. 锁紧套locking collar17. 止动销钉anti-rotation pin [pin]18. 轴承座housing ['hauziŋ]19. 橡胶套rubber grommet ['ɡromit]20. 紧定衬套adapter sleeve [ə'dæptə(r)] [sli:v]21、尺寸：dimension [di'menʃən]22、直径：diameter [dai'æmitə]23、宽度：width [widθ, witθ]24、长度：length [l eŋθ]25、高度：height [hait]26、角度：angle ['æŋɡl]27、半径：radius ['reidiəs]28、厚度：thickness ['θiknis]29、轴向的：axial ['æksiəl]30、径向的：radial ['reidjəl]31、外圆（外径）outside surface32、内圆（内径）inner surface33、沟道raceway（五）技术常用词1、公差：tolerance ['tɔlərəns] n. 公差；容忍；宽容；公差2、游隙：clearance ['kliərəns] 清除；清理；出清，出空【机械】余隙，间隙3、噪音：noise [nɔiz] n. 响声；杂音；噪音4、扭矩：torque [tɔ:k] n. 转矩，扭矩；项圈，金属领圈5、硬度：hardness ['hɑ:dnis] n. 硬度；坚硬；困难；冷酷6、倒角: chamfer ['tʃæmfə] vt. 去角；挖槽；斜切 n. 斜面；凹槽7、精度：precision [pri'siʒən] n. 精确；精度，精密度 adj. 精密的，精确的8、残磁：residual magnetism [ri'zidjuəl] n. 剩余；残渣adj. 剩余的；残留的['mæɡnitizəm] n. 磁性，磁力；磁学；吸引力9、表面质量：surface quality ['sə:fis] n. 表面；外观；表层adj. 表面的，肤浅的['kwɔləti] n. 质量，品质；特性；才能10、注脂量：grease fill [ɡri:s] vt. 涂脂于；贿赂 n. 油脂；贿赂grease volume11、打字：marking ['mɑ:kiŋ] n. 做记号；打分；标志；斑纹 v. 作记号于；注意；给…打分数12、包装：packaging ['pækidʒiŋ] n. 包装；包装业，包装风格v. 包装（package的ing形式）13、表面处理：surface finishing ['sə:fis] ['finiʃiŋ]表面精加工，表面修整14、螺钉：set screw [set] [skru:] 固定螺钉；定位螺钉15、公称尺寸：nominal dimension ['nɔminəl] [di'menʃən]15、振动/偏差：vibration [vai'breiʃən]16、钢球等级：ball grade [ɡreid]17、清洁度：cleanliness ['klenlinis]18、毛刺：burr [bə:] 毛口，毛边，毛头，毛刺19、锈蚀：rust [rʌst] n. 锈；生锈；锈病vt. 使生锈；腐蚀vi. 生锈；成铁锈色；变迟钝20、极限转速：limiting speed（六）工序常用词1、割料cutting ['kʌtiŋ] n. 切断；剪辑；开凿adj. 严寒的；锋利的；尖酸刻薄的v. 切开；采伐；削减（cut的ing形式）2、锻造forging ['fɔ:dʒiŋ]n. 锻件,锻造(法)3、铸造casting ['kɑ:stiŋ]n. 投掷；铸造；铸件；角色分配 v. 投掷；铸造；投向；选派演员；扔掉（cast 的ing形式）4、热处理heat treatment[hi:t] ['tri:tmənt]5、车加工turning ['tə:niŋ]【机械工程】车削工作，车工工艺6、光饰tumbling ['tʌmbliŋ]【工程】滚筒抛光7、磨加工grinding ['ɡraindiŋ] 磨制；研磨：8、粗磨rough grinding [rʌf] ['ɡraindiŋ] 粗研磨9、软磨soft grinding10、精磨precision grinding [pri'siʒən]【机械工程】精磨fine grinding11、修磨correct grinding12、光磨（无进给磨，即静止状态磨削）13、超精superfinishing [,sju:pə'finiʃiŋ] 【冶金学】超级研磨14、磨孔bore grinding15、清洗washing ['wɔʃiŋ] 洗；洗涤，洗濯；洗净16、装配assembly [ə'sembli] n. 装配；集会，集合17、采购purchase18、原材料raw material19、坯件冲压（成型）blank punching20、抛光polish21、整形truing22、包装packing / packaging23、纸板盒carton / cardboard24、抽检/ 取样sampling inspection / sampling25、全检full inspection26、终检final inspection27、巡检tour inspection28、镀黄锌yellow zine plated29、热处理前软磨非基准面non-reference face grinding before heat treatment30、热处理前软磨两端面double face grinding before heat treatment31、车孔及一端外角bore and one side outer corner turning32、车两面防尘槽double-side shields groove turning33、车沟及另一外角raceway and receive of grinding34、磨削收发dispatch and receive of grinding35、定期防锈处理periodically anti-rust treatment（七）机械常用词1、Instrument ['instrumənt] n. 仪器；器械；工具；手段；乐器2、Efficiency [i'fiʃənsi]a. 有效的,生效的n. 效率3、Usage ['ju:zidʒ] n. 用法；使用；惯例4、Straight [streit] adj. 直的；正直的；整齐的；连续的；笔直的adv. 直接地；坦率地；立即；不断地n. 直线；直5、Horizontal adj. 水平的；地平线的；同一阶层的n. 水平线，水平面；水平位置['hɔri'zɔntəl]6、Vertical ['və:tikəl] adj. 垂直的，直立的；头顶的，顶点的n. 垂直线，垂直面7、Incline [in'klain] vi. 倾斜；倾向；易于vt. 使倾斜；使倾向于n. 斜面；斜坡；倾斜8、Angle ['æŋgl] n. 角度，角9、Arc [ɑ:k] n. 弧（度）；弧形物；天穹；adj. 圆弧的；反三角函数的vt. 走弧线；形成电弧10、Scale [skeil] n. 刻度；比例；数值范围；天平；规模；鳞vi. 攀登；衡量；生水垢；剥落vt. 攀登；测量；刮鳞；依比例决定11、Tolerance ['tɔlərəns]n. 宽容,容忍n.公差12、Interchangeable [,intə'tʃeindʒəbl]adj. 可互换的；可交换的；可交替的13、Mechanism ['mekənizəm]n. 机械装置；机制；技巧；原理，途径；进程14、Individual [,indi'vidjuəl]adj. 个别的；个人的；独特的n. 个人，个体15、Impractical [im'præktikəl]adj. 不切实际的，不现实的；不能实行的16、Perfect ['pə:fikt]adj. 完美的；最好的；精通的vt. 使完美；使熟练n. 完成式17、Worn [wɔ:n]adj. 用旧的；疲倦的v. 穿；佩戴；磨损（wear的过去分词）18、Slight [slait]adj. 轻微的，少量的；脆弱的；细长的；不重要的vt. 怠慢；轻视，忽略n. 怠慢；轻蔑19、Variation [,vεəri'eiʃən] n. 变异，变种；变化20、Minus ['mainəs]prep. 减，减去n. 不足；负号，减号；负数adj. 负的；减的.21、shaft [ʃɑ:ft] n. 拍杆；轴；箭杆；杆状物22、steady ['stedi] adj. 稳定的；不变的；沉着的23、rotary ['rəutəri] adj. 旋转的，转动的；轮流的24、friction ['frikʃən] n. 摩擦，摩擦力25、component [kəm'pəunənt] n. 成分；组件；元件26、efficiency [i'fiʃənsi] n. 效率；效能；功效27、assembly [ə'sembli] n. 装配；集会，集合28、groove[ɡru:v] n. 凹槽，槽；最佳状态；惯例29、installation [,instə'leiʃən] n. 安装，装置；就职30、transmission [trænz'miʃən] n. 传动装置，变速器；传递；传送；播送●密封的轴承系统减少夹持力并增加轴承寿命。
Bearing-含油轴承
目录Contents第五章 磁铁(Magnet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1§5.1 永磁材料(Permanent Magnet Material). . . . . . 1 5.1.1 永磁材料的特性. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 剩磁Br 、矫顽力Hcb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 2 内禀矫顽力Hcj . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 回复磁导率μr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 最大磁能积 (BH)max . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 磁感应温度系数αb 、居里点Tc . . . . . . . . . . 26 各向同性輿各向异性 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1.2 永磁鐵氧體(Ferrite Magnet) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 鐵氧體的特點(Features of Ferrite) . . . . . . . . . 32 濕(Wet)壓成型與干 (Dry)壓成型. . . . . . . . . . 33 鋇(Ba)鐵氧體和鍶 (Sr)鐵氧體 . . . . . . . . . . . 44 粘接鐵氧體―橡膠磁鐵(Rubber Magnet) . . . 45 溫度特性、低溫不可逆去磁 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1.3 釹鐵硼(NdFeB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1.4 鋁鎳鈷(AlNiCo)及稀土鈷(Rare Earth Co) . . 65.1.5 国內外電機用永磁材料磁性能 . . . . . . . . . . 6§5.2 永磁電機對磁鐵的性能要求 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9§5.3 磁鐵結構設計(Structure Design) . . . . . . . . 115.3.1 基本要求 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3.2 直流馬達磁铁结构設計 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.3.2.1 基本结构形式 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.3.2.2 主要尺寸的确定 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125.3.3 永磁同步电机磁铁结构設計 . . . . . . . . . . . 155.3.3.1 磁路结构形式 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.3.3.2 主要尺寸的确定 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.3.4 JEI 常用磁铁 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18§5.4 磁鐵裝配 (Magnet Fixing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.4.1 彈弓固定 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.4.2 膠粘劑固定 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.4.3 橡膠磁鐵的裝配 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.4.4 同步電機磁鐵裝配 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20§5.5 充磁(Magnetization) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.5.1 充磁的基本要求 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215.5.2 充磁方式 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.5.3 充磁夾具(Tooling) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24第六章 軸承 (Bearing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 §6.1 杯士(Bushing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 6.1.1 概述(Introduction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 6.1.2 杯士的工作特性(Operating Characteristics) .. 38 6.1.2.1 滑動特性(Sliding Properties) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 6.1.2.2 摩擦系數(Friction Coefficient) . . . . . . . . . . . 38 6.1.2.3 工作溫度(Working Temp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 6.1.2.4 負載特性(Load Properties) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 6.1.2.5 杯士壽命(Bushing life) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 6.1.3 杯士潤滑(Lubrication for Bushing) . . . . . . . . 40 6.1.3.1 流体潤滑(liquid Lubrication) . . . . . . . . . . . 40 6.1.3.2 邊界潤滑(Boundary Lubrication) . . . . . . . . . 42 6.1.3.3 混合潤滑(Mixing Lubrication) . . . . . . . . . . . 43 6.1.3.4 摩擦特性曲線(stribeck curve) . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 6.1.4 杯士油(Bushing Oils) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 6.1.5 盃士入油(Oil Impregnation) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 6.1.6 盃士設計(Bushing Design) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 6.1.6.1 盃士的基本結構(Configuration) . . . . . . . . . 49 6.1.6.2 主要尺寸參數 (Dimensional Parameters) . . . 50 6.1.7 盃士的磨損(Wear) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 6.1.8 盃士裝配(Assembly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 §6.2 波盃令(Ball Bearing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 6.2.1 波盃令型號识别(Grade Identification) . . . . . . 60 6.2.2 波盃令外形結構及主要尺寸 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 6.2.3 波盃令精度(Precision) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 6.2.4 波盃令游隙(Play) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 6.2.5 波盃令工作特性(Operating Characteristics) . . 65 6.2.5.1 負載能力(Load Capacity) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 6.2.5.2 速度特性(Speed Characteristic) . . . . . . . . .. . 65 6.2.5.3 摩擦特性(Friction Characteristic) . . . . . . .. 65 6.2.5.4 調心性(Self-Align Capacity) . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 6.2.5.5 振動(Vibration) 和噪聲(Noise) . . . . . . . . . . 67 6.2.5.6 壽命(Life) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 6.2.6 波盃令潤滑(Lubrication) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 6.2.7 波盃令失效形式(Failure Mode) . . . . . . . . . . . 69 6.2.8 波盃令裝配(Assembly) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 §6.3 盃士與波盃令對比 (Comparison) . . . . . . . . . 70第六章軸承 (Bearing)軸承是一種通用性機械零件，廣泛應用于各類旋轉機械。