裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记_第10课
新概念二Lesson 10 知识点整理
新概念二Lesson 10 知识点整理Lesson 10 Not for JazzXXX。
It was made in Germany in 1681 and has been in our family for a long time。
However。
recently it was damaged by a visitor。
XXX。
We are not allowed to touch it。
and it is XXX's.XXX is pressed。
the tangent strikes the string。
producing a sound。
Unlike modern pianos。
XXX sound。
It is not suitable for playing jazz。
which requires a more XXX.XXX。
It is important to keep it in good n to preserve XXX。
we are not allowed to touch it。
as even a small mistake can cause damage。
XXX.XXX to our family and has a special place in our hearts。
It is a reminder of our family's history and the XXX have such a valuable and unique instrument in our n。
and we will continue to take good care of it for XXX.XXX。
(改为主动语态，使用一般过去时)二、名词所有格一）名词所有格的构成1.单数名词在词尾加“’s”：例如：my sister’s XXX（我姐姐的朋友）2.复数名词：1）不以-s或-es结尾的特殊变化的复数名词，在词尾加“’s”，例如：The Children’s Day（儿童节）2）以-s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加“’”构成所有格，例如：Her friends’ money（她朋友们的钱）3.复合名词在最后一个词的词尾加“’s”，例如：XXX（我岳父的公司）4.对于由and连接的并列名词，当表示共有的情况下，只需在最后一个名词词尾加“’s”；若表示各自所有，则需在每个名词词尾加“’s”。
逐句精讲新概念英语第二册第十课 不适于演奏爵士乐
逐句精讲新概念英语第二册:第十课不适于演奏爵士乐Lesson 10 Not for jazz课文内容：We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belong to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of myfather's.本文语法：被动语态语法归纳：主动语态：主语为动作的发出者。
被动语态：主语为动作的承受者，谓语动词为"be+过去分词"。
五种常用时态的被动语态：1)一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+done2)一般过去式的被动语态：was/were+done3)一般将来时的被动语态：will be+done4)完成时的被动语态：has/have/had been+done5)进行时的被动语态：be being+done逐句精讲：1.We have an old musical instrument.我们有一个古乐器。
2.It is called a clavichord.它被叫做古钢琴。
新概念英语第二册第十课课文详解
新概念英语第二册第十课课文详解 Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐一、生词1、jazz n. 爵士音乐a kind of music2、musical adj. 音乐的music student ： the student who learned music musical student ：有音乐天赋的3、instrument n. 乐器instrument=musical instrument4、clavichord n. 古钢琴a kind of instrument5、recently adv. 最近recently=lately6、damage v. 损坏7、key n. 琴键key to the doorDo you know the key(答案） to the question?key(关键)structure8、string n. （乐器的）弦9、shock v. 使不悦或生气，震惊跟人的情绪相关的动词的宾语往往是＂人＂The news shocks me凡是能够用＂人＂做宾语，又是表示人的情绪活动的动词，有两个形容词形成：1.令人……；+ -ing2.感到…… + -edIt shocked me.It is shocking.I'm shocked.get a shock n.sb.get a shocksurprise 好事坏事都能够，只要你没有料到I want to give you surprise.shock 只能是坏事,让人感到不高兴10、allow v. 允许，让allow doingSmoking is allowed.allow sb. to do sthsb.be allowed to do sth.You are allow to smokeYou are not allow to enter the room if you don't take the card with youallow用被动11、touch v. 触摸，碰二、词组：1、Our clavichord is kept in the living-room.在这个句子里，keep作动词，表示保存，存放。
新概念英语第二册：第10课课文详解及语法解析
新概念英语第二册：第10课课文详解及语法解析课文详注 Further notes on the text1.We have an old musical instrument.我家有件古乐器。
instrument常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。
但它可以用来泛指各种乐器。
2.It is called a clavichord.被称做古钢琴。
call在这里的意思是“把……称为”、“称呼”，既可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态：What do you call this?你们把这称为什么?They call him big Tom.他们叫他“大个子汤姆”。
3.It has belonged to our family for a long time.我们家有这件乐器已经很久了。
belong为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。
另外，它是一个表示状态的动词，不是行为动词，所以也不能用于进行时。
它最常用的时态是一般现在时和一般过去时：This farm belongs to me and it belonged to my father before me.这个农场现在属于我;在此之前它属于我父亲。
4.She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken.她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。
并列连词and在这里的意义相当于so，表示后一句是前一句的结果。
再如：He fell heavily and broke his arm.他摔得很重，手臂都摔断了。
语法 Grammar in use1.被动语态(The passive)主动语态与被动语态皆指动词的形式而言。
在主动句中，动词的主语是执行动作的人或物：John cooked the food last night.约翰昨天晚上做了饭。
在被动句中，动作是对主语执行的：The food was cooked last night.饭是昨天晚上做的。
新概念英语(第二册)精读笔记-Lesson 10 Not For Jazz
Lesson 10 Not For Jazz一、原文We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was brought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damage d by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we were not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.二、参考译文我家有一件古乐器，它叫古钢琴，是1681年德国制造的。
我们的古钢琴放在起居室里。
我们家有这架古钢琴已经很久了，它是我爷爷在很多年前买的。
最近它被一位客人弄坏了，因为她试图用它来弹奏爵士乐。
她敲击键盘过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。
我父亲大为吃惊，不允许我们再动它。
父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。
三、精读笔记Part 1 词汇、短语1、Make 的短语made in (a country) 表示产地；例如：made in China 中国制造made of (a material）表示某一种材料制成；例如：the tea pot is made of silver.茶壶是银做的。
made from (a number of material) 表示由几种材料构成、做成；例如：glass is made from sand and lime.made by (someone) 表示制造人；例如:the cake is made by my mother.这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。
新概念英语第二册第十课资料
Lesson 10 Not for jazz不适于演奏爵士乐We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.New words and expressions 生词和短语jazz n. 爵士音乐musical adj. 音乐的instrument n. 乐器clavichord n. 古钢琴recently adv. 最近damage v. 损坏key n. 琴键string n. （乐器的）弦shock v. 使不悦或生气，震惊allow v. 允许，让touch v. 触摸参考译文我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。
我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。
我们家有这件乐器已经很久了，是我祖父在很多年以前买的。
可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。
她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。
新概念英语第二册Lesson 10笔记
新概念笔记Lesson 10二．New words and expressions.1. jazz 爵士乐pop music classical musiccountry music light musicrock and roll blues (忧郁的蓝调)3. damage v. 破坏e.g: The car was badly damaged in the accident.break 打破，破坏物体的完整性break the glass damage 破坏，指造成一定损失的破坏damage the car destroy 破坏，彻底摧毁destroy the city4. key ①n. 钥匙the key to the door②n. 按键press the key on the keyboard③n. 答案the key to the questionadj. 关键的key word/ sentence5. shock ①n.震惊get a shock (坏事，令人不悦的，生气的)②v. 使震惊shocked adj. be shocked at sth.6. allow v. allow doing sth. 可以做某事e.g: we allow smoking only in limited areas.allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事sb. be allowed to do sth.e.g: You are not allowed to touch it.7. touch ①v.触摸e.g: You can see it, but don’t touch it.②n. be in touch with sb. 与。
有联系e.g: Are you still in touch with your friends from college?Keep in touch with sb. 与。
新概念英语第二册第10课全解析
• We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord.
• call在这里的意思是“把……称为”、“称呼 ”，既可用于主动态，也可用于被动语态。
• What do you call this? • 你们把这称为什么？
• Joe Jobs is called the Father of 'Apple'. • 乔布斯被称为苹果之父
• ★shock v. 使不悦或生气, 震惊 • ① v. 使不悦或生气, 震惊（宾语往往是 “人
”） • 这个消息使我震惊
• The news shocks me. • ② n. 震惊
• His words gave me a shock. • 他的话使我大吃一惊 • ③ n. 电击 • 如果你碰它,你会触电
• 2)allow 作“许可”，“允许”讲，只可搭 配动名词短语作宾语，不可直接搭用动词不 定式作宾补，即只可说
• allow doing sth. 不可说allow to do sth.
①他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。
They allowed smoking in this room only.
• ★touch v. 触摸 • ① vt.&vi. 触摸，碰 • 你不允许摸这个花瓶 • You are not allowed to touch the vase.
• The cake is made from egg, milk and flour.
• Be made by 表示由谁制造 • 这个蛋糕是我妹妹做的。 • be made into 被制成…… • 金子被制成了戒指。 • Gold is made into rings.
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记-第10课
Lesson 10 Not for Jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐What happened to the clavichord?We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.参考译文我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。
我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。
我们家有这件乐器已经很久了，是我祖父在很多年以前买的。
可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。
她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。
我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。
父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。
【New words and expressions】（11）jazz n. 爵士音乐classical music 古典音乐folk music 民族音乐country music 乡村音乐pop (popular) music 流行音乐jazz 爵士音乐play jazz 演奏爵士乐eg. They tried to play jazz on the piano. 他们试图在钢琴上演奏爵士音乐。
(全)新概念英语第二册Lesson 10学习笔记
新概念英语第二册Lesson 10学习笔记Not for jazz不适于演奏爵士乐First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What happened to the clavichord?古钢琴怎么了？We have an old musical instrument.我家有件古乐器，It is called a clavichord.被称作古钢琴，It was made in Germany in 1681.是1681年德国造的。
Our clavichord is kept in the living room.我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。
It has belonged to our family for a long time.我们家有这件乐器已经很久了，The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。
Recently it was damaged by a visitor.可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，She tried to play jazz on it!因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。
She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. 她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。
My father was shocked.我父亲大为吃惊，Now we are not allowed to touch it.不许我们再动它。
It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。
新概念英语第二册课文Lesson 10Not for jazz不适于演奏爵士乐First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记 第10课
Lesson 10 Not for Jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐What happened to the clavichord?We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.参考译文我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。
我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。
我们家有这件乐器已经很久了，是我祖父在很多年以前买的。
可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。
她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。
我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。
父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。
【New words and expressions】（11）jazz n. 爵士音乐classical music 古典音乐folk music 民族音乐country music 乡村音乐pop (popular) music 流行音乐jazz 爵士音乐play jazz 演奏爵士乐eg. They tried to play jazz on the piano. 他们试图在钢琴上演奏爵士音乐。
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记_第10课_课文讲解
TextIt is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it！ She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.We have an old musical instrument.have v有，拥有eg I have many friends.当"有，拥有"讲时，无被动态和进行时态have 是一个很活泼的词，有很多的意思have breakfasthave a fever 发烧have a good time 玩得开心have a headache 头疼have a running nose 流鼻涕have a swollen['swəʊlən] face 脸浮肿have sth done 由别人做某事have something to do with 与……有关系have nothing to do with 与……没有关系have anything to do with 与……有任何关系have to do sth 不得不做某事It is called a clavichord.变为主动语态为： We call it a clavichord.It was made in Germany in 1681.be made in + 地点 表示产地be made in + 时间 表示制作于某时be made of (a material) 用某种材料制作,表示仍能看出原材料eg The tea pot is made of silver. 这把茶壶是银制的。
新概念英语第二册：第10课课文详解及语法解析
I live in a very old town which is surrounded by beautiful woods.
我住在一个由美丽的树林环绕的古老小镇上。
That table was made by my grandfather.
那张桌子是我祖父做的。
“行为主体”也能够不表示出来：
出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词。
例如在son一词之前，我们不会同时用this和my两个限定词，而只可说this son of mine(我的这个儿子)。其他一些表示所属关系的代词的例子如a friend of yours(你的一个朋友)，an uncle of hers(她的一个叔叔)等。
新概念英语第二册：第10课课文详解及语法解析
课文详注 Further notes oห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ the text
1.We have an old musical instrument.
我家有件古乐器。
instrument常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。但它能够用来泛指各种乐器。
2.It is called a clavichord.
他摔得很重，手臂都摔断了。
语法 Grammar in use
1.被动语态(The passive)
主动语态与被动语态皆指动词的形式来说。在主动句中，动词的主语是执行动作的人或物：
John cooked the food last night.
约翰昨天晚上做了饭。
在被动句中，动作是对主语执行的：
The food was cooked last night.
这个农场现在属于我;在此之前它属于我父亲。
新概念二册第10课笔记
lesson 10一、单词1. jazz n. 爵士乐play jazz 演奏爵士乐I am fond of listening to jazz.2. allow vt. (1)～allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事Mr. wang doesn‟t allow us to talking in class.(2) sb allow doing . 允许做…。
（含有被动意义）We allow talking and sleeping in class.3. shock (1) vt. 使/让…震惊What he is doing shocks me.(2) n. 震惊[c.u] sb get a shock…震惊He got a shock when I came in.to sb‟s shock. 让…震惊的是To my shock, he broke the windows.shocked adj. 震惊的be shocked at sth 对…很震惊I am shocked at his coming.4. belong vi. 一般能用sth belong to sb. (belong 前不要加be 动词,不用进行时和被动语态)This suitcase doesn‟t belong to me. He belongs to the school English club.5. keep . (1) 保持keep sth/sb adj. You must keep the room warm.(2) 持续keep doing sth 持续不断做…They kept talking in the library.(3) 保存…; 留着…Can you keep the money for me?(4) 让(＝have/make) keep sb do sth 让…做…Mom always keeps me do homework after dinner.6. name vt “给…取名…”通常表示给一个新生的人或物命名I will name my little cat “Mimi”. His father name him Sam.7.call vt. “把…叫做…”常用于口语。
新概念英语第二册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson10~12
【导语】学习新概念英语并不难啊。
你还在为英语成绩低拖后腿⽽烦恼吗？不要着急，⽆忧考⼩编为⼤家提供了“新概念英语第⼆册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson10~12”。
相信加⼊学习当中的你，很快便不再受英语的困扰！还在等什么？和⼩编⼀起来学习吧！新概念英语第⼆册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson10 课⽂内容： Not For Jazz We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we were not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's. 本⽂参考译⽂： 我们有⼀件古⽼的乐器,叫击弦古钢琴.它是1681年德国制造的, 我们这架钢琴放在客厅⾥.我们家拥有它很长时间了,这件乐器是许多年前我祖⽗买来的.最近它被⼀位客⼈弄坏了,她⽤它弹奏爵⼠乐! 她按键太猛,把两根弦按断了.我⽗亲为之震怒. 现在他不允许我们再碰它.⽗亲的⼀位朋友正在修理这件古⽼的乐器. 词汇： jazz n.爵⼠⾳乐 musical a.⾳乐的 instrument n.器具 call vt.叫做 clavichord n.击弦古钢琴 Germany n.德国 keep vt.保存 living-room n.客厅 belong vi.属于 recently ad.最近 damage vt.损坏 play vt.弹奏 key n.琴键 strike vt.敲 hard ad.重重地 string n.弦 break vt.弄断 shock vt.震惊 touch vt.碰 allow vt.允许 repair vt.修理新概念英语第⼆册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson11 课⽂内容 I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony worked in a lawyer's office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &20. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. 'I have never borrowed any money from you,' Tony said,'so now you can pay for my dinner!' 【⽣词和短语】 turn n. ⾏为，举⽌ deserve v. 应得到，值得 lawyer n. 律师 bank n. 银⾏ salary n. ⼯资 immediately adv. ⽴刻 课⽂注译 1、One good turn deserves another.这是句谚语，意思是对于别⼈的善意或帮助应作相应的回报。
新概念二册第10课知识点
新概念二册第10课知识点：逐步思考在日常生活和工作中，我们经常需要面对各种问题和挑战。
对于这些问题，我们有时候会感到困惑和无从下手。
然而，如果我们学会了逐步思考的方法，就能更好地应对问题，并找到解决的办法。
逐步思考是一种系统性的思维方法，它可以帮助我们从复杂的问题中找到简单的解决方案。
下面是逐步思考的步骤：1.确定问题：首先，我们需要明确问题是什么。
这一步非常重要，因为只有确定了问题，我们才能有针对性地进行思考和解决。
2.收集信息：在确定了问题后，我们需要收集相关的信息。
这可以通过查阅资料、进行调查研究或与他人交流来完成。
收集信息的目的是为了更好地了解问题的背景和相关因素。
3.分析问题：在收集了足够的信息后，我们需要对问题进行分析。
这包括将问题拆解成更小的子问题，并确定它们之间的关系。
通过分析问题，我们可以更清楚地了解问题的本质，并找到解决的方向。
4.制定计划：在分析了问题后，我们需要制定一个解决方案的计划。
这个计划应该包括解决问题的步骤和所需的资源。
制定计划的目的是为了有条不紊地解决问题，并确保所有必要的步骤都被考虑到。
5.实施计划：在制定了计划后，我们需要按照计划的步骤来实施。
这可能涉及到一系列的行动和决策，需要我们有条不紊地进行。
在实施计划的过程中，我们需要不断地检查和调整，以确保最终能够解决问题。
6.评估结果：在解决了问题后，我们需要评估解决方案的效果。
这包括回顾问题的解决过程，分析解决方案的优点和不足，并总结经验教训。
通过评估结果，我们可以不断改进自己的思考和解决问题的能力。
逐步思考是一种系统性的思维方法，可以帮助我们更好地应对问题和挑战。
通过逐步思考，我们可以理清问题的逻辑和关系，找到解决问题的方向，并制定合适的解决方案。
因此，在面对问题时，我们应该积极运用逐步思考的方法，以更高效和有效地解决问题。
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单词学习jazz n. 爵士音乐classical music 古典音乐folk music 民族音乐country music 乡村音乐pop (popular) music 流行音乐jazz 爵士音乐play jazz 演奏爵士乐eg. They tried to play jazz on the piano. 他们试图在钢琴上演奏爵士音乐。
rock and roll 摇滚乐rap 拉普乐（说唱音乐）musical adj. 音乐的music [U]a piece of music 一首音乐concert ['kɔnsət] [C] 音乐会musical adj. 音乐的musician n. 音乐家a music lesson 一堂音乐课a music teacher 音乐教师a music lover 音乐爱好者a piece of music 一首音乐face the music 面对失败；面对不愿面对而又不得不面对之事（说法：1.新演员初上舞台非常紧，但是音乐响起了，不得不上舞台，必须去面对音乐，面对自己不敢面对的事情；2.新兵入伍后参加军事检阅，军乐响起来了，不得不按照节拍去走，哪怕再紧也没有用。
） a musical instrument 一件乐器a misical performance 乐器演奏a musical score [skɔ:] 乐谱musical voice 美妙的声音instrument1) 器具，仪器torture ['tɔ:tʃə] instruments 刑具operation instruments 手术器械2) 乐器musical instrument 乐器-----What kind of musical instrument can you play? 你会演奏哪种乐器呢？ -----I can play the guitar. 我会弹吉他。
-----I can play the piano. 我会弹钢琴。
-----I can play the violin. 我会拉小提琴。
-----I can play the saxophone ['sæksə,fəʊn]. 我会吹萨克斯管。
instrument中的----ment是名词后缀movement 移动government 政府judgement 判断argument 争论，证据clavichord n. 古钢琴recently adv. 最近地；lately adv. 最近地常用在现在完成时以及过去时中eg. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 最近它被一位客人弄坏了。
eg. They have recently bought a new car. 他们最近刚刚买了一辆新车。
eg. Have you seen him recently. 最近你见过他吗?recent adj. 最近的，最新的eg. In recent years there have been great changes. 在最近几年有很大的变化。
eg. What is the most recent news? 什么是最新的消息?eg. The photograph seemed quite recent. 这照片看起来很新是最近照的。
more recent; most recentdamage v. 损坏spoil v. 损坏，惯坏，宠坏damage v. 部分损坏destroy v. 毁坏，彻底损坏spoil1) 破坏eg. The rain spoiled our excursion[iks'kə:ʃən]. 雨破坏了我们的远足计划。
2) 腐烂eg. The fish has spoiled in the heated room. 鱼在很热的房间里已经腐烂了。
3) 溺爱eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child. 孩子不打不成器；棍棒出孝子。
damage n. [U] [C]1) 损失 [U]a lot of damage 大量损失damage to sth 对……的损失damage to the car 对车辆造成的损失damage to crops 对庄稼造成的损失damage to one's reputation 对某人名声造成的损失2) damages 赔偿 [C]v. 损坏1) 部分损坏break 打断cut 剪，砍，割crush [krʌʃ] 压坏，捣坏tear 撕stain [stein] 弄脏都包含在damage 围之2) 损害eg. Smoking can damage your health. 吸烟有害于你的健康。
to damage relations between two countries 损害两国之间的关系to damage one's career[kə'riə] 损坏某人的职业damage one's good name 损害某人的好名声destroy v. 毁坏，粉碎（希望，计划等）eg. The fire destroyed the whole forest. 大火毁灭了整个森林。
eg. All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal [ri'fju:zəl]. 我所有的希望被他的一封拒绝信毁灭了。
key n.1) 琴键eg. She struck the keys too hard. 她过分用力敲击琴键。
or: She hit the keys too hard.2) 钥匙the key to the door 这个门的钥匙the answer to the question 这个问题的答案the entrance to the hall 这个大厅的入口the train to London 开往伦敦的火车to表由此及彼的方向性adj. 关键的，主要的key structures 关键句型eg. Who is the key person in this class？谁是这个班里的关键人物？Every student. 人人都是。
a key question 一个关键问题string n. （乐器的）弦1)细绳（比 cord 细，比thread粗）a piece of string 一条绳子a ball of string 一卷绳子2) （附在衣服等之上的）带子apron['eiprən] strings 围裙带3) 弦乐器the strings弦乐器violin 小提琴mandolin [,mændə'lɪn, 'mændlɪn] n.曼陀林(一种琵琶类乐器) cello ['tʃeləʊ] 大提琴harp 竖琴viola [vɪ'əʊlə] 中提琴guitar [ɡi'tɑ:] 吉他contrabass ['kɔntrə'beis] 低音弦乐器都是弦乐器clavichord 古钢琴piano 钢琴organ ['ɔ:ɡən] 风琴harpsichord ['hɑ:psɪ,kɔ:d] 大键琴都称为instrumentwoodwind ['wʊdwɪnd]木管乐器brass 铜管乐器percussion [pə'kʌʃən] 打击乐器4) 一串…..，一系列……a string of necklace 一串项链a string of pearls 一串珍珠a string of visitors 一系列的来访者a string of wins 一系列的胜利tied to one's wife's apron strings （深受）妻子影响及控制 harp on one's string 旧调重弹，老事重提have a person on a string （口）任意支配某人 shock v.使…..不悦或生气，震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的be surprised 对……感到惊讶（中性）be shocked 震惊（贬）be astonished 目瞪口呆，傻了be surprised at/by sth 对…..感到吃惊be shocked at/by sth 对……感到震怒/震惊be astonished at/by sth 对…..感到目瞪口呆surprise n.以surprise为例eg. Mary's birthday is coming. I'll give her a surprise.玛丽的生日就要到了，我要给她一个惊奇。
a surprise party 一个意外聚会to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是allow [ə'lau] v. 允许，让（非正式用语）permit [pə'mit] v.允许，让（法律条文规定，正式用语）permit ['pəmit] n. 通行证1) allow doing…..允许做eg. We don't allow smoking. 我们不允许吸烟。
2) allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事eg. My mean boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone.我那个吝啬的老板不允许我使用。
allow yourself to make mistakes 不要对自己太严格，要允许自己犯错误。
3) 授与人…..eg. He allows his son too much money. 他给儿子太多的钱。
allowance [ə'lauəns] n. 津贴；补助；零用钱(Am.)eg. make an allowance of 5% for cash payment 付现金打9.5折make allowances for 考虑到touch v. 触摸touch-me-not 凤仙花forget-me-not 勿忘我eg. Don't touch me. 别碰我。
eg. Don't touch that dish. It's very hot. 不要碰那只碟子，它很烫。
vi.摸起来（可以跟形容词）类似的词有：sound 听起来taste 尝起来look 看起来The desk touches smooth. 这桌子摸起来很光滑。