天津大学2015考博英语：重视英语复习 改进学习方法
考博英语怎么复习
考博英语怎么复习考博英语复习是一个比较长期且艰巨的任务，需要有系统性的规划和高效的方法。
下面将从听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个方面进行复习建议的介绍。
首先是听力部分。
要提高听力能力，首先需要进行大量的听力训练。
可以选择一些英语学习网站、广播节目、英语电影或纪录片作为听力材料。
在听的过程中，可以注意其中的重点信息，尝试提取关键词来加深对整个内容的理解，强化对语言的敏感度和反应速度。
在复习过程中还需多进行听力模拟考试，熟悉考试的出题形式和节奏，培养自己的解题技巧。
第二是阅读部分。
阅读是考博英语中重要的一部分，因此要从一些重点或经典文章入手，提高阅读能力和理解水平。
可以选择一些学术性文章，如论文、期刊等，多进行阅读和思考。
在阅读过程中，需要学会寻找文章的主旨和关键信息，提炼出段落的主题句和关键词，培养整体把握能力。
同时，还要注重积累词汇和短语，扩大自己的词汇量，以便更好地理解和辨析文章的含义。
第三是写作部分。
写作是考博英语中需要较高水平的能力，因此需要进行大量的写作训练。
可以选择一些热门话题或与自己研究方向相关的话题，进行写作练习。
在写作过程中，要注重逻辑性和连贯性，合理组织文章的结构和段落，运用丰富的词汇和短语表达自己的观点。
同时，还要注意语法和句式的正确使用，尽量避免语法错误和重复使用相同的句式。
最后是翻译部分。
考博英语中常常有一些翻译的题目，要求准确理解原文并将其翻译成中文。
为了提高翻译能力，可以选择一些英文材料进行翻译练习，如文章、新闻、学术论文等。
在翻译过程中，要借助词典和在线翻译工具等资源，但也要注意量力而行，不要完全依赖工具。
要注重准确表达原文的意思和语境，同时也要注意中英文的文化差异，避免产生歧义或误解。
总结起来，考博英语的复习要从听力、阅读、写作和翻译四个方面入手，进行有针对性的训练和练习。
要注重积累词汇和短语，培养语感和语法水平，提高解题技巧和答题速度。
在复习过程中还要注意查漏补缺，及时纠正自己的错误，保持良好的备考状态。
考博英语复习方法
考博英语复习方法可靠的复习计划是首要解决的问题。
自己要按照计划一步步去复习，这样下来自己的自信慢慢的就会高涨。
找准历年真题，研究透真题，找到出题和考试点。
真题是最重要的复习资料，出题者的想法都在真题上体现。
笔者认为真题是必须要大家去认真复习的。
平时工作当中也要做积累。
英语学习是一个长期的过程。
平时阅读文献，写英文论文都要认真的积累。
单词要不断的巩固。
很多单词背好之后，一段时间就会被忘记。
所以笔者认为可以每天早上抽出半小时对单词进行反复的复习。
作文一定要准备模板。
作文的题目大家都不可预测，但是每年的题目风格大家都会估计到。
网络上都会有些基础的模板，笔者建议考博的考生一定要准备几个模板，节省自己写作的时间。
考试时，先保证正确率。
由于考博的英语分数线都不会很高，但是考试的题目量很大。
一般的考生都会很难完成所有的题目，所以唯一的方法就是保证自己的正确率。
平时练习时要有时间限制。
可以把模拟题当作是模拟考试，一定要按时完成。
这样才可以达到很好的练习效果。
考博英语应该怎么复习一、考博趋势大概是05还是06年，新东方第一次开设考博英语的课程。
我们几个准备要讲考博课程的老师听说要开设考博英语课程，很期待，很忐忑。
期待是因为新东方又开设了一种全新的班型出来，并且还是一群要准备考博的学生;忐忑的原因是怕我们上不好这个课，怕自己水平有限。
虽然每个老师都在自己那个领域有很强大的教学经验，但是为了准备这个考博班，大家都丝毫不敢松懈。
1.学生年龄变小第一个考博班有一个最明显的特点：学生年龄偏大。
我印象中有一位55岁的老大哥，自己事业有成，好像是搞房地产的，就为了圆自己一个博士的梦想，来到了新东方的考博班上。
如今几乎10年过去了，我也从30岁左右到40岁左右。
考博的趋势是：学生年龄偏小。
这不是因为我年龄大了，看学生小，的的确确学生就是偏小。
第一个班的学生基本上平均都在30多岁，差不多35岁左右，现在考博班的学生大概都是在25到30岁左右，偶尔有几个35岁以上的，少数有50岁左右的。
考博英语怎么复习
考博英语怎么复习考博英语怎么复习到了考博考试还剩下两个月的时候，考博英语备生的时间也就变得越来越紧张，在这个时候我们又该如何来巩固之前一个月的备考复习收获，同时在这初步复习的基础上更进一步地提高英语能力？考博英语怎么复习？以下是店铺帮大家整理的考博英语复习作文，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
考博英语怎么复习篇1第一、通过阅读来带动翻译能力的培养。
包括考博英语英翻译汉和汉翻译英，以此来进行阅读和翻译的复习备考。
熟练的阅读能力可以提高大家的英语语感，而语感的提升，对于英语翻译来说，可以起到翻译能力提升的作用。
要知道考博英语的翻译，讲究的并不是呆板的书面表达，有时候一些不经的阅读灵感很可能让你在一瞬间明白一句长难句的中文表达方式。
英语理解能力最重语感，一旦感觉找对了，哪怕再难哪长的英语长句都不能难住大家。
所以多读多看多听就成了提升英语理解能力的重要方法。
第二、通过利用零星时间来熟悉单词。
通过阅读来扩大和巩固词汇量。
同时，大量的英语阅读也是快速增加，并且掌握英语词汇的重要手段。
一般英语专业的学生都会明白，仅仅凭借单纯的英语单词记忆，是很难达到真正的英语词汇掌握的。
因为这样的单纯记忆方法虽然可以快速增加，同时也很容易忘记，必须不断地，重复地记忆背诵才可以保持记忆。
而通过阅读背影下掌握的英语汇则因为代入感的原因，掌握与记忆起来变得要容易得多，同样也比单纯的记忆方法要持久得多，印像较单纯记忆更加清晰。
同时还可以借助阅读背景的关系，了解该单词的使用方法的作用。
第三、每天2个小时的复习时间足以应付备考。
在整个英语的复习过程中，我一直坚持这样的指导思想，2个月下来就收到了良好的效果，获得了72分的成绩。
每天坚持复习备考是考博英语备考的必经之路，所谓车山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦做舟。
没有任何人是可以随随便便成功的。
不懈的努力才可以换来成功。
这一点没有半点捷径可走。
加油的我的考博小伙伴们！以上为是考博英语2个月之时的基础备考复习方案，接下为的我们再来看看具体的考博英语备考复习步骤，将复习备考更具效率化。
考博英语冲刺阶段复习方法技巧
考博英语冲刺阶段复习方法技巧考博英语冲刺阶段复习方法技巧点——从攻克考博真题和考博英语模拟题入手参加过考博考试的考生都能体会到，真题在考博复习过程中的重要性。
对于考博考生来说，目标学校的历年真题特别重要，这是出题人最主要的出题依据，通过对历年真题的研究可以分析出出题规律和方向，然后进行对症复习。
首先，要用实战状态做题，也就是严格按照考试模式进行，做完后无需及时核对答案;第二天再用三个小时做同一张卷子，同样无需及早对答案;第三天再重复前两天的工作，当这份卷子做三遍后，再仔细核对答案，通过对比这几天的做题成果，详细分析出错的考题，找到错因，揣摩出题思路。
其次，找到近三年的目标学校考博英语真题，进行巩固性强化熟悉。
因为大多博士生院校的出题人的出题思路，对于近三年的真题是一个重点参考目标。
最后，做3～5套考博英语模拟题。
通过以上熟悉真题的过程后，考生可以通过模拟试题来检测自己目前的应试水平，再从中总结分析，制定针对性的复习计划。
面——解决考博英语词汇、阅读、写作等方面的问题在经过点的步骤后，考博考生就可根总结的各个“点”的问题，从大方面的词汇、阅读、写作等进行落实复习。
二、考博英语阅读复习在考试前至少要通读100～200篇300字以上的文章，只有量的保证才能真正质的提高。
三、考博英语作文复习主要是掌握两点：1、掌握十种句型，300个句子和背诵30篇范文。
因为作文最根本的'是长句，首先要背好相应的长句，然后再背诵相应的范文。
2、在考试中应用三段式作文形势，不可分段太多，也不能少于三段，三段式给判卷老师以简洁有条理的印象。
延伸阅读：如何高效率复习考博英语坚持不懈考博英语复习过程中首先要具备的心态就是坚持，很多同学在复习的过程中，刚开始信心满满，制订了详细的复习计划，并且定了很高的目标，要考好学校好导师，但在复习过程中遇到了一些挫折就开始退缩，思前想后，严重的可能还会直接放弃复习。
所以说，复习过程中一定要有持之以恒的精神，在开始复习前就对自己的复习目标有一个明确的认识。
考博英语怎么复习
考博英语怎么复习考博英语复习规划提前至少半年开始复习。
早准备，起码有个心理上的准备，是应该的。
一般在硕士刚入学就要想好，要有个打算，到底硕士毕业怎么办。
有些学生硕士没入学，就到英语考博课堂上了，太早，我并不提倡。
但是一般来说，提前一年准备，提前至少大半年真正全身心投入，是完全有必要的。
也就是说，真正进入考博英语的复习最佳时期是：上一年的7月开始，到第二年的3月4月考试。
如果从4月5月开始着手，就会在复习时间上更充分，在复习整体规划上更成熟，尤其如果基础不太好，就更要早一点开始的。
考博英语详细安排和复习方法如下：一七月到九月，基础阶段硕士研究生阶段的最后一个暑假，好好利用。
别贪玩，别找借口。
这个时期，有三件事情要做。
(1)猛背单词!单词是英语学习永远的痛，要克服。
个人看来，所有花里胡哨的背单词书，所有花里胡哨的背单词方法，都是扯淡。
背单词不二法门：重复，重复，不停重复，把暂时记忆变成长时记忆。
基本词根词缀肯定要掌握。
强化记单词，要最短时间记住单词的“核心意义”，就是这个单词的基本意义。
有人会问，多义怎么办?生僻意义怎么办?多义，可以在基本词义上引申;既然教“生僻”意义，就不会考。
或者说，单词的多义、单词构成的词组等该掌握，哪里去掌握，在阅读中掌握，在应用中记忆。
多义和生僻意义不是在强化记忆中掌握。
用什么单词书?适合自己的单词书!别硬撑!考博英语本校命题，水平高低不同，对学生的水平要求也不同。
严格意义上说，按照教育部的规划，考博英语的水平大致词汇差不多在10000左右。
但是，这个数字，笔者以为是虚的。
没有太实际的用处。
什么是适合自己的单词书。
答：略高于自己现有单词水平的单词书，并且“较薄”的单词书合适。
较薄，意义比较核心。
没有乱七八糟例句(例句太多，太难，你看不下去，背诵时间太长，效率太低)，背诵起来方便，随时带着，随时背诵，随时复习。
一般单词书，反正大多数都是抄的词典，要编错比较难，所以，薄一点合适。
2015考博英语应该怎样复习
2015考博英语应该怎样复习点构成线，线构成面，面构成空间，而词汇就是英语空间的点。
掌握好考博英语的词汇，就能在自然而然中搭筑起英语空间。
尽管，同学们在复习当中不可能将英语词汇的点全部掌握，但是如果能够掌握好其中的主要部分，那么搭筑起来的英语空间范围也能让你在考博英语中活动自如、得心应手。
那么，如何能有效的突破考博英语词汇?针对同学们在背诵时遇到的一些普遍问题，提出一些应对措施需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。
短期计划，重实现：有了要攻克的目标词汇后，要有计划的进行记忆。
建议制定几个小计划去完成。
例如，将一天的复习计划分成上午、下午、晚上复习计划。
上午背40个单词，下午背30个单词，晚上背20个单词(依个人能力确定单词数目)。
第二天一早起来把头一天的单词浏览记忆一遍，加强记忆。
第三天早晨把第一天和第二天的单词再加速的浏览记忆一下，以此类推。
你的单词量将会像滚雪球一样越来越多，越来越实。
有的放矢，抓重点：做事情要有重点。
眉毛胡子一起抓，往往事倍功半。
什么是有的放矢的抓重点来复习呢。
当你拿起上一年的英语大纲后，以它为低级目标。
用一天时间快速过滤掉你会的单词，剩下些自己曾有浅薄印象或是完全陌生的单词。
这些所剩单词就是你下一步重点记识的重点。
找到了自己薄弱环节后，集中精力重点攻克，做到有的放矢的完成学习目标。
不畏量大，重次数：不要担心自己制定的词汇记忆任务大，要对自己有信心。
快速背，并不断重复记忆。
将一轮记忆分成若干小轮，滚动记忆。
这样做的好处，不但可以提高效率，也可较快的提高你的记忆力。
记住，记忆超长的人是很少的，所以不要畏惧任务量大，更不要担心自己的能力与智商，每个人记忆的强度和结果都是在次数的升高中实现的。
所以，如果你认为自己还没记住，那是因为你重复记忆的次数还远远不够。
看似无功，实有效：无论你的英语听力水平如何，你都要听英语。
考博英语复习计划
考博英语复习计划考博英语怎样复习，你制定好考博英语复习计划了吗?下面店铺整理了考博英语复习计划，供你参考。
考博英语复习计划一、从培养兴趣开始1、为什么要在学习英语中强调兴趣的重要性2、怎样培养学习英语的兴趣3、对已经不喜欢学习英语或学习英语陷入困境的而又不得不学的英语学习者谈一谈4、学好英语还应该具备哪些素质二、各个击破英语学习中的难点1、为什么说口语和听力是英语学习的重中之重2、如何提高口语和听力水平3、记单词的窍门：“音形”记忆法4、为什么不要很在意语法规则的学习5、为什么不要多做题6、怎样利用电影、电视、电脑与网络学习英语三、考博英语复习方法及作用1、为什么要在学习英语中强调兴趣的重要性兴趣是我们做一切事动力的最好来源。
还记得我们第一次学骑自行车、学游泳、学习使用电脑上网玩儿QQ和网络游戏的劲头么?学习我们好奇和感兴趣的事物，我们总会孜孜不倦的去努力探索。
即使在学习过程中遇到了种种困难，比如刚开始学骑自行车时可能会总摔倒，但我们都能很轻松的克服。
所以说，兴趣不仅是我们学习的动力来源，它更能使我们在学习过程中，坚定克服困难的信心和决心。
要想学好英语，或者换句话说，要想轻松的、事半功倍的学习英语，兴趣是必不可少的。
学语言是一件艰苦的事，需要良好的耐心和毅力，这就需要兴趣为我们提供源源不断的动力来源。
那么，怎样才能让我们对英语学习产生极大的兴趣呢?1.2、怎样培养学习英语的兴趣在众多的英语学习者中，可能有一部分(包括我)在课堂中系统学习英语之前就对英语产生了浓厚的兴趣，致使他们在初学英语时能够富有激情，觉得这是件很开心的事。
试想一下，以这种心态去学习，怎么会学不好呢?当然，仅有兴趣还是不够的，还需要有正确的方法。
人的兴趣和爱好与人的性格、成长环境以及遗传因素等方面是息息相关的。
但兴趣也是可以后天培养。
下面我说一下我自己在学习英语前，以及在学习英语的过程中直至今天，的兴趣和爱好，这也许能说明为什么我会喜欢学习英语，对大家培养学习英语的兴趣可能会有些启发。
天津大学博士入学考试英语试题范例
天津大学博士入学考试英语试题范例I Dictation (20%)Direction: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read four times. During the first reading, the passage will be read at normal speed and you are supposed to listen only and try to have a general understanding of it. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phase with an interval of 12-15 seconds. The last reading will be done at the normal speed again for you to check up.II V ocabulary and Structure (10%)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Circle the one that best completes the sentence.1. It was very kind of you to get me something for my birthday, but you ____ me such an expensive present.[A] didn't need buying [B] needn't buy [C] needn't have bought [D] hadn't needed to buy2. The ____ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.[A] manifestation [B] implementation [C] expedition [D] demonstration3. He is holding a ____ position in the company and expects to be promoted soon.[A] subordinate [B] succeeding [C] successive [D] subsequent4. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible ____ and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.[A] scales [B] ranks [C] grades [D] patterns5. The government gave a very ____ explanation of its plan for economic development.[A] comprehensive [B] compound [C] considerable [D] complacent6. In my opinion, you can widen the ____ of these improvements through your active participation.[A] dimension [B] volume [C] magnitude [D] scope7. No Tobacco Day is the day when the world Health Organization ____ to people to stop using tobacco products.[A] asks [B] applies [C] appeals [D] urges8. The dentist's confident manner ____ me that I was in safe hands.[A] insured [B] assured [C] ensured [D] secured9. We prefer that the plan ____ before being put into execution.[A] be fully discussed [B] must be fully discussed [C] will be fully discussed [D] is fully discussed10. The sound of footsteps on the bare floor ____ the downstairs neighbors.[A] disturbed [B] interrupted [C] annoyed [D] irritated11. I asked him for a job ____ the impression that he was the head of the firm，but he wasn't.[A] with [B] under [C] in [D] of12. It's no good ____ remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.[A] trying to [B] try to [C] to try to [D] tried to13. The dictator relied on abuse of its opponents ____ on sounding reasoning.[A] more than [B] rather than [C] other than [D] better than14. To make the best and the most efficient of your time and to achieve your goals，start each day by ____ your agenda.[A] holding on [B] making out [C] keeping on [D] taking down15. Once the question is put, we know try to obtain the answer.[A] to proceed in direction to[B] where direction proceed to[C] in which direction to proceed to[D] which direction proceed toward16. During the opera's most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestra's conductor seemed ____, without necessary relation to what had gone before[A] tedious [B] melodious [C] capricious [D] moderation17. It is time the nations of the world ____ a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.[A] would call [B] call [C] called [D] will call18.When the drops were placed in the patient's eyes, his pupils became ____.[A] dilated [B] smaller [C] irritated [D] sensible19. To visit zoos that simulate the natural habitats of animals ____ of great interest to zoologists.[A] are [B] be [C] were [D] is20. Mr. Smith ____ with the government for thirty-seven years by the time he retires.[A] will work [B] will have worked [C] will be working [D] will have been workedIII Sentence Transformation (20%)Directions: Rewrite each of the following sentences by using the word (s) below it so that each new sentence means roughly the same as the original one. In some instances it may be necessary to change the tense of the given word (s).1. He is warm-hearted, but this doesn't mean that he is bright.（follow）___________________________________________________2. The manager has asked me to consider this proposal carefully.（consideration）____________________________________________3. The garden is too small for a swimming pool.（room）_____________________________________________4. Increasing the tax on household goods is bound to cause trouble.It's asking __________________________________________5. The museum is closed this afternoon.There is _____________________________________________6. Don't touch those wires in any circumstances.Under _______________________________________________7. The small number of potential buyers does not provide a sufficiently large market for this kind of apparatus.（enough）___________________________________________8. I was finally able to convince him of its value.I finally succeeded _______________________________________9. Film makers understandably lose much of their interest in the genre.（appeal to ）_____________________________________________10. Not all of the people like this movie.（popular）________________________________________________IV Cloze （10%）Directions: Read through the following passage and then decide which of the choices given below could correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Circle the correct choice for each blank.An interesting theory in economics is 1 by the Head Man of a small mountain tribe. If seems that this tribe was very good at making straw mats that had great sales 2 in the 3 market. The representative of an American company went to visit the tribe and tried to make a good business deal. He 4 to the Head Man and 5 that his company would like to 6 several thousand pieces.Undoubtedly, he said, the business 7 would be 8 to the tribe. After some thoughts, the Head Man 9, but announced that the price per piece would be 10 in such a 11 order than it would be if 12 a small order were placed. The represntative was 13 than a little shocked 14 the business sense of the Head Man 15 insisted that the price should be 16 because of the large volume, and 17 not higher. No, replied the head of the tribe 18. But why not? asked the American. Because 19 is so tiresome to make the 20 article over and over, answered the Head Man.1. A. illustrated B. appreciated C. demonstrated D. anticipated2. A. capacity B. potential C. ability D. fortune3. A. straw B. global C. world D. earth4. A. addressed B. spoke C. asked D. told5. A. declared B. confirmed C. demanded D. gestured6. A. order B. sell C. dispose D. make7. A. treaty B. pact C. matter D. deal8. A. effective B. efficient C. valuable D. profitable9. A. agreed B. accepted C. refused D. received10. A. lower B. higher C. expensive D. cheaper11. A. small B. big C. vast D. high12. A. certainly B. really C. only D. simply13. A. greater B. stronger C. less D. more14. A. from B. of C. at D. since15. A. who B. and C. then D. therefore16. A. lower B. higher C. little D. raised17. A. never B. really C. certainly D. yet18. A. weakly B. happily C. stubbornly D.hesitatingly19. A. he B. it C. what D. work20. A. similar B. beautiful C. alike D. sameV Reading Comprehension （20%）Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.1A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations that specialized in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing. Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.1. The word observation in the first paragraph most probably means[A] attention. [B] watchfulness. [C] survey. [D] opinion.2. People in frontier settlements used to entertain travelers because these strangers would______.[A] bring good news from outside world.[B] help locals solve their problems.[C] bring a change to the life in the settlements.[D] requires a different definition.3. Nowadays the tradition of friendliness to strangers______.[A] is still prevailing.[B] can rarely be seen[C] is wading fast[D] requires a different definition4. According to the passage, which of the following is true?[A] People are still fond of traveling to remote places.[B] Foreign travelers now keep away from busy tourist trails.[C] There is no charitable organization in small cities.[D] Foreign visitors to the US have trouble understanding American's friendliness.5. From the last paragraph of the passage we have learned that______[A] the ability of speaking a foreign language implies a better understanding of its culture.[B] various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends.[C] culture exercises a great influence on social interrelationships.[D] courteous convention and individual interest are closely interrelated.2It is well known that when an individual joins a group he tends to accept the group's standards of behavior and thinking. He is expected to behave in accordance with these norms-in other words the group expects him to conform. Many illustrations could be given of this from everyday life, but what is of particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which people's judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure.In a typical experiment, the experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group that is investigating visual perception. The victims are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are collaborating with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card, one is shorter and one the same length. They have to say which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. The volunteer sees that the other members of the group unanimously choose a line which is obviously not the same length as the one on the standard card.When it is his turn to answer he is faced with the unanimous opinion of the group-all the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will he do? According to Asch, more than half of the victims chosen will change their opinion. What is equally surprising is that, when interviewed about their answers, most explained that they knew the group choice was incorrect but that they yielded to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion.6. Psychologists are interested in ________.[A] how far group pressure can influence people's judgments.[B] how to make judgments according to everyday experience.[C] how to change people's judgments.[D] the group's standards of social behaviour.7. In the experiment. Who have been told to pick the wrong line？[A] The victims. [B] The volunteer. [C] The experimenter. [D] The other members.8. In what circumstances do most people yield to pressure？[A] When the group is separated.[B] When the group is unanimous.[C] When they know they are the victims.[D] When they are forced to answer questions.9. The experiments demonstrate that _______.[A] nearly every individual will behave differently from others.[B] group pressure is caused by the interference of the psychologists.[C] psychologists wish to change the people's judgments and opinions.[D] people will change their ideas under group pressure.10.The best title of this passage would be _________.[A]A Typical Experiment.[B]Are We Afraid to be Different?[C]The Group's Standards of Behavior and Thinking.[D]Dose an Individual Need to Follow a Group's Standards?3The single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty-old years of eager activity was to discover an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life. His one concern, that gave to his ramblings in Concord fields a value of high adventure, was to explore the true meaning of wealth. As he understood the problem of economics, there three possible solutions open to him: to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator. The first was quite impossible-to imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure. To exploit one's fellows seemed to Thoreau's sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity. Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being, and he was content to move to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach. He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concerning the best mode of living-each must settle that for himself. But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was vitally concerned. The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life，and Walden is his great book. It is a book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a record of calculating economics that studied saving in order to spend more largely. But it is a book of social criticism as well, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that the cost of a thing is the amount of life that is required in exchange for it, immediately or in the long run .In Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: The only wealth is life.11.Thoreau started an experiment at Walden Pond with the hope of ______.[A] learning how to live quietly.[B] writing a book on philosophy.[C] discovering what humans can learn from nature.[D] working out the best adjustment to material life .12. To Thoreau the best solution to the problem of economics is _______.[A] to live a very simple life.[B] to become self-sufficient.[C] to live in the country.[D] to reform the society.13. Thoreau holds that the crucial thing for people to do is to ________.[A] have a better understanding of what life means.[B] live harmoniously with nature.[C] to save as much as one possibly can.[D] to live a life that one is content with.14. In the book Walden all of the following can be found except________.[A] the nature of economy.[B] the meaning of freedom.[C] the criticism of society.[D] Ruskin's philosophy.15. Thoreau's attitude toward society can best be characterized as one of _______.[A] acceptance. [B] avoidance. [C] indifference. [D] individualism.4Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the Second Industrial Revolution.Labor's concern over automation arises from uncertainty about its effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has taken the view that resistance to technological change is futile. In the long run, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. Unquestionably, however, there will be major shifts in jobs within plants and displacement of labor from one industry to another. The interest of labor lies in bringing about this transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefits plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in SUB plan has a direct financial stake in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong incentive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible disruption in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently laid off workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the improvement factor, which calls for wage increase based on increases in productivity. It is probable, however, that labor will relymainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.16. We learn from paragraph 1 that automation will probably lead to_______.[A] industrial expansion[B] an increase in employment[C] displacement of labor from one industry to another.[D] an increase in unemployment.17. Labor has the opinion that _______.[A] all efforts must be made to prevent automation[B] automation will cause a rise in consumer costs[C] its main interest lies in increasing all wages.[D] technological change cannot be stopped.18. What is the relation between automation and employment in the opinion of labor?[A] Automation will definitely leads to more unemployment.[B] From a long-term point of view automation will bring about more jobs.[C] Automation will not cause much change in employment[D] sooner of later automation will do all the work instead of man19. The union stresses that ________.[A] workers should also enjoy the fruits brought about by automation.[B] no workers should be fired in the development of automation.[C] it is necessary to slow down the development of automation.[D] workers should be paid according to their length of service20. How many new policies of the unions have been listed in this passage?[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 3 [D] 5VI Writing (20%)Directions: People may hold different views as to the dispute over when the shaping of a person's character, or natural disposition is completed. Some people state that the process of forming one's character is fulfilled in one's childhood, whereas others argue that it is achieved after one finishes his school studies or has worked for a year beyond campus. What do you think? Provide details in support of your argument with at least 180 words.。
天津外国语大学2015考博报名勿患得患失要对备考内容查漏补缺
中国考博辅导首选学校天津外国语大学2015考博报名勿患得患失要对备考内容查漏补缺
每年的考博网报时间，总是考生最煎熬的日子，仿佛这“一锤子”就能“定音”，直接决定考博的命运。
事实上，无论是在报名期间，还是在报名之后，考生都不必患得患失，报名后就有了更明确的目标，也有了向目标前进的力量。
联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。
电话：四零零六六八六九七八。
有些考生在报名时心乱，志愿报高了担心够不着，志愿报低了又不甘心，因此报名时迟迟下不了手，既扰乱了心情，又影响了复习效率。
还有些考生，为了求稳妥，同时注册两个用户名，报两个志愿，到现场确认时再确定选择哪所学校。
这种做法看似聪明，无形中却延长了犹豫时间，模糊了报考目标，从而影响了复习进度。
在报名时，考生不要患得患失。
事实上，无论走什么路，干什么事，目标一旦确定，就要保持豁达、平和的心态，持之以恒，不着急，不攀比，不消极，水到渠自成。
还有些考生在报名后心乱，之前复习工作还是按部就班，报名后心里开始忐忑，总担心考不上怎么办。
考生不要太注重结果，得到了当然最好，得不到也要心平气和。
既要淡泊，又要拼搏，拼搏过就不后悔。
只有在心平气和、轻松和淡泊中追求，才能体味到过程的滋味和乐趣。
如果不顾自身实际而一味地强求自己，那么从一开始就注定会是一个失败者。
对失败坦然，对成功淡然，而在成功之前需要耐心与平和。
只有心胸开阔、从容不迫地按照计划复习，才不会失去成功的希望。
离研考已不足百天，考生不要再纠结考上考不上的问题，而要想办法针对备考内容进行查漏补缺，争取在考场上不留遗憾。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
天津大学考博英语复习技巧与方法1—育明考博
天津大学考博英语复习技巧与方法 在英语学习过程中，每一阶段的提升都需要词汇量的提升。
因而词汇的记忆在任何时候都不能放松，需要我们不断的补充提高。
很多学生都有着自己习惯背诵单词的办法，而在我们记忆词汇的过程中是否有什么缺陷和误区呢，对于词汇记忆我们还有什么更好的办法呢?在词汇的学习中，大部分考生刚开始学单词的时候总是把一个单词按字母拆开一个个地背，记住它的一个汉语意思就觉得够了。
其实，少量的单词效果还是不错的，后来词汇量要加大的时候就觉得力不从心了。
记单词要掌握英语字母音节的发音规律，通过发音来背单词，再写出拼写。
而不要只背拼写，一定要会读这个单词，这样才不容易遗忘。
学习英语的时候，不能只重视长难的单词。
有的看到多音节词就查字典，而对一些单音节的词或它们组成的短语常常忽略掉，不查也不记，觉得没什么用。
其实，像那些比较长的单词用作专业词汇的比较多。
那些小的单词则是英语的本土字，在日常生活中使用较频繁，而且词义一般比较多、变化也比较多，是较难掌握的，应该是大家学习的重点。
只记单词的中文含义是不可取的。
对于英文单词，不能只记它的中文意思，英文单词是有词性的，如果不清楚词性很容易导致句子结构的错误。
英语单词的每个词除了有多种意思，还几乎都有多个词性，比如名词、动词、形容词、副词和介词等等，各种词性的使用都是有明确规定的，比如介词总跟名词或名词从句连用、副词跟动词或形容词连用。
每句话的基本组成部分是主语、谓语和宾语，还会有一些从句、介词短语和副词短语等用作修饰。
所以大家不管是读句子还是写句子，都要注意短语、单词的词性和使用。
关于英语词汇记忆的方法：（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: 772678537)1.逻辑记忆：通过词的本身的内部逻辑关系，词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。
2.联想记忆：(1)音与形的联想，即根据读音规则记忆单词。
考博英语怎么准备
考博英语怎么准备文章一：考博英语准备指南考博英语是博士研究生入学考试中的一个重要环节，对于考生来说，准备充分且有针对性的复习是至关重要的。
下面我将介绍一些关于考博英语的准备方法和技巧，希望能对大家有所帮助。
首先，了解考试内容是准备的第一步。
考博英语一般包括阅读理解、写作和翻译三个部分。
在备考过程中，要重点关注这三个方面的题型和考点。
可以通过查阅历年真题和参考书籍，了解考博英语的题目类型、难度和要求，制定相应的复习计划。
其次，注重积累词汇和阅读理解能力。
词汇是语言运用的基础，对于做题和写作都有重要的影响。
可以通过背单词、阅读英文文章、听英语广播等方式，增加词汇量并提高理解能力。
在阅读理解方面，要多读英文文章，尤其是与自己研究领域相关的内容。
通过不断的阅读训练，提高理解和分析能力，把握文章主旨和细节。
此外，针对写作部分的准备也是必不可少的。
写作是考察考生的综合语言运用能力的重要环节。
在准备过程中，要多写多练，积累一些常用的句型和写作技巧。
可以选择一些常见的话题进行写作练习，提高自己的写作表达能力。
同时，也要注重语法和语言的准确性，避免语法错误和不恰当用词。
最后，切忌临时抱佛脚，要有长期的复习计划和坚持不懈的学习态度。
考博英语的复习需要时间和耐心，不能急于求成。
可以制定每天的学习计划，分配不同的复习内容和时间，合理安排复习进度。
同时，要保持良好的学习习惯，每天保持一定的学习时间，保持对考博英语的复习状态。
综上所述，考博英语的准备需要有系统性和长期性，既要注重基础知识的牢固，也要提高应试能力和语言运用能力。
通过合理的复习计划和有针对性的练习，相信大家一定能够在考博英语中取得好成绩。
祝愿所有的考生都能顺利通过考试，实现自己的博士研究生梦想！文章二：考博英语口语准备指南考博英语口语是博士研究生入学考试中的一项重要内容，对于考生来说，准备充分且有针对性的口语训练是必不可少的。
下面我将介绍一些关于考博英语口语准备的方法和技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。
天津大学2015年考博英语真题重点句型
天津大学2015年考博英语真题重点句型考博英语是一门需要长时间积累的学科，对于备战2015考博的学子们来说，从现阶段到6月份为夯实基础阶段，在此阶段，同学们应该主攻单词和语法，坚持每天1-2篇的英语阅读以此来培养语感。
育明考博英语辅导每天和同学们分享《每天一句：育明2015考博英语》，一起来学习吧!全国免费电话：四零零六六八六九七八.2015考博交流群：一零五六一九八二零，联系我们扣扣：二四七八七四八零五四或者四九三三七一六二六。
The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.主干识别：这是一个带有结果状语从句的系表结构，主句系表结构的框架为：The languages were so different from..that各种语言是如此的不同，以至于其他成分：结果状语：some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.一些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了他们的资料定语：The newly described languages这些新近被描述的语言介词from的宾语：the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia经过充分研究的欧洲和东南亚的语言翻译点拨:翻译此句的关键在于掌握结构原文的so...that…(如此…以至于)结构;accused sb.of sth.(指责/谴责某人作了某事)，fabricating(捏造,伪造,虚构)，The newly described(这些新近被描述的)，strikingly different(显著的不同)，the well studied languages(经过充分研究的各种语言)的准确译法。
如何复习考博英语
如何复习考博英语
博士招生考试，相信很多人都输在了英语上。
很多高校和研究所，对博士考生的英语还是有很高的要求的。
对于英语根底不是很好的研究生来说，考博英语成了大家复习的重点。
笔者认为复习考博英语要有方法，方法好复习的效果就好。
笔者与大家分享如何复习考博英语。
可靠的复习方案是首要解决的问题。
自己要按照方案一步步去复习，这样下己的自信慢慢的就会高涨。
找准历年真题，研究透真题，找到出题和考试点。
真题是最重要的复习资料，出题者的想法都在真题上表达。
笔者认为真题是必须要大家去认真复习的。
平时工作当中也要做积累。
英语学习是一个长期的过程。
平时阅读文献，写英文论文都要认真的积累。
单词要不断的稳固。
很多单词背好之后，一段时间就会被忘记。
所以笔者认为可以每天早上抽出半小时对单词进展反复的复习。
作文一定要准备模板。
作文的题目大家都不可预测，但是每年的题目风格大家都会估计到。
网络上都会有些根底的模板，笔者建议考博的考生一定要准备几个模板，节省自己写作的时间。
考试时，先保证正确率。
由于考博的英语分数线都不会很高，但是考试的题目量很大。
一般的考生都会很难完成所有的题目，所以唯一的方法就是保证自己的正确率。
平时练习时要有时间限制。
可以把模拟题当作是模拟考试，一定要按时完成。
这样才可以到达很好的练习效果。
天津大学博士生考试英语
天津大学博士英语考试试卷科目： 博士生英语学院：专业：I. Listening Comprehension: (25%)Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversationsand 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.1. A) She is a little tired. B) She is going to study.C) She wants to listen to music.D) She is going to make a reservation. 2. A) At an art exhibit. B) In a supermarket. C) In a shoe store. D) In a clothing store. 3. A) They had no time.B) They couldn’t afford it after buying their motor -bike. C) The old one was still working.D) They both want to buy a motor-bike.4. A) She doesn’t understand the man’s question. B) She’ll have the test ready in a few days.C) She has a few questions about the man ’s schedule.D) The man may not take the test early.5. A) In a hotel.B) In a furniture store.C) In a campground.D) In a private home.6. A) A prince lives a better life than a princess.B) He wishes he could be a prince.C) He is not sure if he wants to be a prince.D) He hates the idea of being a prince.7. A) She can’t understand why the man is thirsty.B) The man ought to go to the laundromat.C) The laundromat is too far away.D) She will not wash the man’s clothes for him.8. A) Work on the assignment a little bit at a time.B) Finish the assignment on time.C) Take the assignment to someone else this time.D) Stop working on the assignment.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A) He prefers the smaller evening classes.B) He has signed up for a day course.C) He has to work during the day.D) He finds the evening course cheaper.10. A) Learn a computer language.B) Learn data processing.C) Buy some computer software.D) Buy a few course books.11. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45.B) From September 1 to New Year’s eve.C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks.D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total.12. A) What to bring for registration.B) Where to attend the class.C) How he can get to Frost Hall.D) Whether he can use a check.Questions 13 to15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) A training coach.B) A trading adviser.C) A professional manager.D) A financial trader.14. A) He can save on living expenses.B) He considers cooking creative.C) He can enjoy healthier food.D) He thinks take-away is tasteless.15. A) It is something inevitable.B) It is frustrating sometimes.C) It takes patience to manage.D) It can be a good thing.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Stopped migrating.B) Continued migrating.C) Began migrating again.D) Migrated south and stay there.17. A) There was not enough food there in the winter.B) There were too many birds.C) There were too many glaciers.D) There was too much daylight.18. A) To test the relationship between daylight and a disease of the glands commonto birds.B) To test the relationship between daylight and migration.C) To test the relationship between migration and temperature.D) To test the relationship between daylight and changes in the season.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) A scientist.B) A graduate.C) A colleague.D) An undergraduate20. A) To present their results.B) To show off their results.C) To make themselves brave.D) To become active people.21. A) To get information.B) To know the related areas.C) To know the latest news.D) To make friends.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It’s an urgent announcement.B) It’s an important announcement.C) The managers wish to divert their workers from their work.D) It’s about an important promotion.23. A) 7 a.m. B) 11 p.m. C) 8 p.m. D) 3 a.m.24. A) To show the importance of their decision.B) To play a joke on the American manager.C) To start cooperation as soon as possible.D) To show that they were very efficient.25. A) He was irritated.B) He was well pleased.C) He was very much troubled.D) He prepared himself for a fight.II. Vocabulary: (35%):A. Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For eachsentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D.Choose the one interview that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the center.26. The ______ of consultation is to listen to, and take account of, the views ofthose consulted.A. essenceB. thesisC. synthesisD. instinct27. At the far end of the lake some buffaloes were bathing, ______ so deeply thatonly their heads were visible.A. overwhelmedB. immersedC. degeneratedD. engulfed28. With their far superior technology, the Western forces completely ______Saddam’s army.A. suppressedB. overwhelmedC. bledD. segregated29. The two ingredients should be placed together in a bottle and shakenvigorously until they are ______.A. filteredB. discriminatedC. blendedD. engaged30. The little girl started to cry in order to ______ sympathy and pity in herparents.A. confineB. evokeC. awaitD. induce31. They ______ to safety as a massive wall of water smashed their caravans andswept away dozens of cars.A. paralyzedB. spunC. roamedD. dashed32. In 20 years only one company with an investment-grade rating from Moody’has ______ long-term debt – one that went bankrupt voluntarily to protect itself from lawsuits.A. defaulted onB. relied onC. accounted forD. cried for33. He said he did not ______ the difficulties the party faced in regaining ameasure of popular trust.A. demonstrateB. underestimateC. speculateD. outweigh34. The king was forced to leave the country over which he had ______ for morethan 30 years.A. prevailB. reignedC. stumbledD. lingered35. His health had been affected, and might ______ altogether if the straincontinued.A. break downB. cool offC. lit upD. sprout up36. We shall be grateful if you will ______ space for any of the enclosedadvertisements in your publications.A. donateB. forgeC. impartD. specify37. From his office on the 22nd floor of the famous four-towered BMW HQ, he______ formidable power and commands enormous respect.A. swingsB. wieldsC. yieldsD. contemplated38. The little woman looked a ______ sight, standing before him with red, swolleneyes and tear-streaked cheeks.A. desirableB. rottenC. shabbyD. pathetic39. Since my father’s death there had been, as it were, a ______ in my homewhich nobody could fill.A. liabilityB. vacancyC. agonyD. bureaucracy40. The report praises the efforts being made in our city to extract energy fromwaste and to ______ paper, glass, plastics and steel cans.A. differentiateB. resistC. recycleD. mobilize41. Some articles are clearly written as a by-product of teaching, perhaps ______from lectures or intended to form part of a book.A. adaptedB. reformedC. revivedD. sprayed42. At one point last fall, when Swedish rates rose to 17%, such deals ______ anet annualized return of 8%, with little exchange-rate risk.A. fulfilledB. yieldedC. exemplifiedD. documented43. T ales of squadrons bombing their own units are here in ______.A. exposureB. abundanceC. incidenceD. arrangement44. The church is full of ______ works of craftsmanship which have been donatedby individuals.A. exquisiteB. commercialC. metallicD. remote45. It is a question Michael Joseph is likely to ______ long and hard over theweeks to come.A. poseB. superviseC. harborD. ponderB. Directions: Study the meaning of the phrasal verbs listed below andthen complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate phrasal verb in its proper form.46. We already have our hands full. Let the matter ________ till next week.47. The emergency ________ reserves of energy which she did not know shepossessed.48. It wasn’t long before we ________ a plan acceptable to all.49. Though very tired, the students ________ the discussion late into the night.50. ________ facts, I can’t see anything to support what he says.51. It is usually easier to ________ the meaning of a sentence in a given context.52. I’m not sure if I want to take this course; may I ______ for the first week tosee if I like it?53. Don’t be afraid. No matter what happens, I’ll ________ you.54. Thieves ________ last night while the family was away on vacation.55. There is no point in waiting for something to ________; you have to takeaction.56. We can come through any crisis if we ________. I’m certain of that.57. The village was ________ by floods for nearly a week.58. Miss Green returned to work after she ________ her illness.59. The custom is said to have been ________ from the 18th century.60. John must ________ for a few days until his leg mends.III. Reading Comprehension (20%)Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:The current vogue, in the West, of Yoga and Zen（禅宗）may prove to have been no more than a transitory Western fashion. It may be doubted whether the average modern Westerner genuinely understands and practices either Zen or Yoga. However, it is also possible that these are sincere attempts to re-activate, among Westerners, the normal human faculty of spiritual contemplation. In the Middle Ages, Westerners, like other people, did practice contemplation. This is a necessary condition for spiritual health, and modern Westerners are suffering spiritually for having abandoned the practice of contemplation deliberately. Moreover, the East has other lessons for the West which the West certainly ought to learn and to take to heart.For instance, the West could perhaps learn from the East how to re-capture Man's original harmony with the rest of Nature. Man is an integral part of Nature. When he alienates himself from her and tries to dominate her as if he were outside Nature and were not rooted in Nature, Man runs into trouble. The degree of modern Western Man's alienation from Nature can be measured by the potency of modern technology, for technology is an instrument for dominating Nature. The technologically advanced countries are already paying the price of theirsuper-technology. Two items in this price are pollution and inflation.Shinto stands for a harmonious cooperation between Man and the rest of Nature. It recognizes that Nature is holy; that she has sacred rights; that Man has a religious obligation to respect these rights; and that, if he violates them, he will bring retribution on himself. The Japanese people have already begun to bring retribution on themselves by polluting Nature.Taoism (道教) sets its face against imposing Man's will on Nature by means of technology. This Chinese philosophy took shape at some dale between the sixth and the fourth century B. C., when technology was still rudimentary, if judged by present-day standards. Yet already the Taoist philosophers were taking alarm; they were calling for a return to a simpler way of life. It is now evident that they were far-sighted. The Taoist philosophy is what the world now needs. It is needed today by West and East alike, now that the potent modern technology, which was invented in the West two hundred years ago, is being adopted all round the globe.61. Yoga or Zen ___________.A.is only a transitory Western fashionB.is not genuinely understood by the average modern westernersC.is in fashion now in the WestD.is a popular sport .62. This passage implies that ____________.A.it is wrong to abandon spiritual contemplationB.the Westerners practice contemplation in the Middle EastC.the Westerners abandon the practice of contemplation deliberatelyD.the East has other lessons for the West63. What is the main topic of this passage?A.Why are Yoga and Zan popular in the West?B.What does the West have to learn from the East?C.How to recapture Man’s original harmony with the rest of Nature?D.How to practice spiritual contemplation?64. The author of this passage _________________.A.disagrees with Taoist’s philosophyB.prefers Shinto to TaoismC.seems to be against modern technologyD.prefers super-technology to spiritual contemplation65. According to the passage ______________.A.it is very expensive to buy super-technologyB.it costs a lot to deal with the problems of pollution and inflationC.the technologically advanced countries are richer than other countriesD.both pollution and inflation are caused by modern technologyQuestions 66-70 are based on the following passage.There is one kind of pain for which nobody has yet found a cure--the pain that comes from the ending of a relationship. The relationship could be a marriage or a deep friendship. Such a relationship may come to a sudden end; or it may simply fade away slowly as people and circumstances change. You may be the one to "break it off ", with a short note or a brief phone call. Or you may be on the receiving end. However it ended and whoever decided to end it, the pain is equally hard to hear and it requires the same time for grief. Although there is no cure for grief, we can not help looking for one, to ease the pain and to make us forget our tears. We keep ourselves busy with work, or we try to plunge ourselves in our hobbies. Perhaps we start to drink more than we should to drown our sorrows, or we follow the conventional advice and join a club or society. But these things cannot cure it. Moreover, we are always in a hurry to get rid of our grief. We feel that we should try to convince ourselves, as we bite on the pillow, that we are much too old to be crying. Some people bury their grief deep inside themselves. Others seek relief by pouring their hearts out to their friends, or to anyone else who can offer a sympathetic shoulder to cry on. It is not easy to explain why we adopt this attitude to emotional pain, when we would never expect anyone to overcome physical pain simply by an effort of will power. Part of the answer must lie in the nature of grief itself. The important thing to admit about grief, then, is that it will take its time. By trying to convince ourselves that it ought to be over sooner, we create an additional tension which can only make things worse. How much time is needed will vary from person to person, butpsychiatrists have a rule of thumb: grief will last as long as the original relationship lasted. The sad thing is that, when the breakdown occurs, we can only stumble forward over the stones beneath our feet. It is dark ahead, and we will fall painfully many times before we begin to see the light at the end of the tunnel.66. It is the author’s belief that _______________.A.there is no way to kill the pain from the ending of a relationshipB.those who break up the relationship do not suffer from the pain from the endingof a relationshipC.people suffer from the pain only when the relationship comes to a sudden endD.Both A and B.67. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined term drown our sorrow?A.To get rid of grief by drinking too much alcohol.B.To feel sorry for drinking too muchC.To end our life by drinking an excessive amount of alcoholD.To be overwhelmed by grief68. Psychiatrists believe that _____________.A.grief lasts longer if your friends break off the relationshipB.grief lasts in proportion to the duration of your friendshipC.grief lasts longer if you value your friendship a lotD.grief ends as soon as you set up a new friendship with someone else69. The passage tells us that __________.A.we cannot relieve our emotional pain no matter how hard we tryB.it takes time and efforts to relieve our emotional painC.we do not have to suffer from any emotional pain if we try our best to reduce itD.there is little point in making our efforts to relieve our emotional pain70. What is the best title for this passage?A.Emotional painB.How to relieve your emotional pain?C.Emotional pain and physical painD.Who suffers most?Part IV Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.An important factor of leadership is attraction. This does not mean attractiveness in the ordinary sense, for that is a quality 71 our control. The leader has, nevertheless, to be a magnet; a 72 figure towards whom people are 73 .Magnetism in that sense depends, first of all, on being 74 . There is a type of Authority which can be 75 from behind closed doors, but that is not a leadership. 76 there is movement and action, the true leader is in the forefront and may seem, indeed, to be everywhere at once. He has to become a legend; the 77 for anecdotes, whether true or false; a character. One of the simplest devices is to be 78 on the occasion when the leader might be 79 to be there, enough in itself to start a rumor about the vital 80 which has detained him. To make up for this, he can 81 when least expected, giving rise to another story about the interest he can display 82 things which other folks might 83 as trivial. With this gift for 84 curiosity the leader always combines a reluctance to 85 about himself. His interest is plainly in other people; he questions them and encourages them to talk and then 86 all that is relevant. He never leaves a party 87 he has mentally filed a minimum dossier (档案) on 88 present, ensuring that he knows 89 to say when he meets them again. He is not artificially extrovert (性格外向的) but he would usually rather listen than talk. Others 90 gradually that his importance needs proof.71. A. beyond B. of C. under D. by72. A. vital B. central C. strange D. conspicuous73. A. united B. dragged C. drawn D. hauled74. A. observed B. heard C. watched D. seen75. A. exercised B. respected C. recognized D. imposed76. A. Whether B. Where C. As D. Since77. A. object B. topic C. subject D. excuse78. A. present B. absolute C. abstract D. absent79. A. appointed B. instructed C. arranged D. expected80. A. matter B. thing C. business D. affair81. A. leave B. appear C. show D. hide82. A. in B. at C. on D. about83. A. think B. regard C. look D. deal84. A. creating B. originating C. inspiring D. spreading85. A. communicate B. say C. reveal D. talk86. A. commits B. cites C. remembers D. notes87. A. when B. until C. as D. while88. A. everyone B. anyone C. someone D. one89. A. how B. what C. that D. whether90. A. know B. appreciate C. realize D. acknowledgeVI. Writing (10%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to a composition on the topic Success.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in English:Success1.成功的含义2.我的见解3.怎样才能成功？Answer SheetI. Listening Comprehension:1. __________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. __________7. __________8. __________9. __________ 10. _________ 11. _________ 12. _________ 13. _________ 14. _________ 15 _________ 16. _________ 17. _________ 18. _________ 19. _________ 20. _________ 21. _________ 22. _________ 23. _________ 24. _________ 25. _________ II. VocabularyA: 26. ________ 27. ________ 28. ________ 29. ________ 30. _________ 31. _______ 32. _______ 33. _______ 34. ______ 35. ________ 36. _______ 37. _______ 38. _______ 39. ______ 40. ________ 41. _______ 42. _______43. ________ 44. ______ 45. ________ B: 46. ________ 47. ________ 48. ________ 49. ________ 50. _________ 51. _______ 52. _______ 53. _______ 54. ______ 55. ________ 56. _______ 57. _______ 58. _______ 59. ______ 60. ________ III. Reading Comprehension:61. __________ 62. __________ 63. __________ 64. __________ 65. __________ 66. _________ 67. ________ 68. _________ 69. ________ 70. ________ IV Cloze71. __________ 72. __________ 73. __________ 74. __________ 75. __________ 76. ________ 77. ________ 78. _________ 79. ________ 80. ________ 81. ________ 82. _______ 83. ________ 84. _______ 85. ________ 86. ________ 87. _______ 88. ________ 89. _______ 90. ________V. Composition:_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________KeysI. Listening Comprehension: （25%）(每题1分)1 D2 D3 B4 D5 C6.B 7 B 8 A 9 C 10 B11 C 12 A 13 D 14 B 15D16 B 17 B 18 B 19 B 20 A21 D 22 B 23 C 24 A 25 CII. Vocabulary (35%): (每题1分)A. 26．A 27．B 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．B 35．A36. A 37. B 38. D 39. B 40.C 41. A 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. DB. 46. lie over 47. called forth 48. worked out 49. carried on50. Getting down to 51. pick out 52. sit in 53. stand by 54. broke in55. turn up 56. hang together 57. cut off 58. got over 59. carried down 60. lie upIII. Reading Comprehension: （20%）（每题2分）61 C 62 A 63 B 64 C 65 D66 A 67 A 68 B 69 D 70 APart IV Cloze （10%）（每题0.5分）71. A 72. B 73. C 74. D 75. A 76. B 77. C 78.D 79. D 80.C81. B 82. A 83. B 84. C 85. D 86. C 78. B 88.A 89. B 90.CVI. Composition: （10%）(共10分)。
如何学好博士英语
如何学好博士英语
首先，建议大家在开始攻读博士学位之前就要有一个明确的学习目标，明确自己想要达到
的英语水平和用途。
这样可以让学习更有方向和动力。
如果是为了通过英语考试或者发表
论文，那就应该有明确的考试要求和论文写作要求，有针对性地进行学习。
其次，建议在平时生活中就要多接触英语，尽量让英语成为你的日常语言。
可以通过看英
文电影、听英语音乐、阅读英文书籍和新闻等方式来提高英语水平。
同时，可以参加一些
英语角或者英语培训班，和其他学习者互相交流和学习。
第三，建议在学习过程中要注重提高阅读和写作能力。
阅读是学习英语的重要途径，通过
大量的阅读可以扩大词汇量，提高语感和语法能力。
同时，在阅读的基础上，要注重写作
能力的提高，可以通过写日记、文章或者论文等方式来练习写作。
练习写作不仅可以提高
写作能力，还能够帮助整理思路和提高表达能力。
第四，建议多参加英语考试，通过参加各种考试可以检验自己的英语水平，并且可以及时
发现自己的不足之处。
通过考试的刺激可以帮助我们更有动力去学习英语，提高英语水平。
最后，建议在学习过程中要坚持不懈，不要轻言放弃。
学好博士英语是一个长期的过程，
需要持之以恒，坚持不懈地努力。
在遇到困难和挫折的时候，要相信自己，继续努力。
只
要肯付出努力，就一定能够学好博士英语。
希望以上建议对正在攻读博士学位的同学们有
所帮助，祝大家学业有成，早日达成学业目标。
考博英语怎么复习
考博英语怎么复习简介考博英语是博士研究生招生考试中的重要组成部分，而在备战考博英语考试时，合理的复习方法和技巧将能帮助考生取得更好的成绩。
本文将介绍一些考博英语复习的方法和建议，希望能对考生们有所帮助。
理解考试内容在复习考博英语之前，首先需要对考试内容有一个清晰的理解。
通常，考博英语主要包括阅读理解、写作、翻译和词汇等方面的考查。
了解各部分考试题型和出题规律，有助于制定相应的复习计划和备考策略。
制定复习计划制定一个合理的复习计划是复习的关键。
考生可以根据自己的时间安排和实际情况，合理地分配每天的复习时间。
复习计划应包括熟悉题型、背诵单词、阅读练习、写作练习等内容，并根据自己的薄弱环节设置重点。
在计划每天的复习任务时，要确保有充足的时间进行模拟考试和查漏补缺。
阅读理解练习阅读理解是考博英语的重点之一，需要考生具备较强的阅读理解能力。
在复习阅读理解时，可以选择一些考博英语的历年真题进行练习。
通过分析和解答真题，了解题目的出题规律和解题技巧。
此外，阅读英文原著和相关学术论文也是提升阅读理解能力的有效途径。
写作练习写作是考博英语中的重要部分，需要考生具备良好的写作技巧和语言表达能力。
在复习写作时，可以选择一些常见的考题进行练习，并注意对比和分析不同题型的写作结构和要求。
此外，进行写作练习时，要注重语法和词汇的正确应用，同时也要锻炼自己的逻辑思维和写作节奏。
翻译练习翻译是考博英语的另一重要组成部分，需要考生具备准确的翻译能力和一定的文化背景知识。
在复习翻译时，可以选择一些常见的词汇和句型进行练习，并学习常用的翻译技巧。
同时，也可以阅读相关的英文材料，提高自己的英文表达能力和翻译水平。
单词记忆在考博英语的复习过程中，背诵和记忆单词是必不可少的一项任务。
考生可以根据考试大纲和历年真题，整理出重点单词，并采用有效的记忆方法进行记忆。
可以利用单词卡片、单词书籍、单词软件等工具，每天坚持一定的时间进行单词记忆和复习。
考博英语怎么复习2篇
考博英语怎么复习第一篇：考博英语复习策略考博英语作为博士研究生入学考试的重要一部分，对于备考者来说是一项具有挑战性的任务。
为了顺利备考并取得好成绩，以下是一些考博英语的复习策略供您参考：第一步：了解考试要求和内容在开始复习之前，了解考试要求和内容是非常重要的。
查阅相关资料，详细了解各个科目的考试时间、题型和分值等信息。
确保您对于考试的要求有清晰的认识，从而能够针对性地制定复习计划。
第二步：制定合理的复习计划通过制定合理的复习计划，可以帮助您更好地安排时间和资源。
将复习内容分成不同的模块，每天专注于一个模块的复习，确保全面复习所有内容。
同时，合理分配每个模块的时间，确保在考试前完成整体的复习。
第三步：选择适合的学习材料选择适合自己的学习材料是非常重要的。
考博英语需要综合的英语能力，包括听力、阅读、写作和翻译等。
选择与考试内容相符合的教材或题库进行复习，可以帮助您更好地了解考试形式和要求。
第四步：坚持做题和模拟考试做题是巩固知识和提高应试能力的有效方式。
找到适合自己的做题方法，如通过刷题、做模拟试卷等方式来不断提高自己的应试能力。
同时，注意分析和总结做题过程中出现的错误和不足，及时改进和提高。
第五步：提升阅读和写作能力考博英语的阅读和写作部分通常要求备考者具备较高的理解和表达能力。
除了做题以外，还可以通过阅读英文原版书籍、报刊杂志等来提升阅读能力，并进行写作练习来提高自己的写作水平。
第六步：备考过程中注意健康和心理调节备考是一项长期的任务，因此要注意保持良好的身体和心理状态。
保证充足的睡眠和饮食，适量进行体育锻炼，保持良好的心情，能够更好地应对紧张的备考阶段。
以上就是考博英语复习的一些建议，希望能对您备考文化学科博士研究生入学考试有所帮助。
第二篇：考博英语听力备考技巧考博英语听力是备考过程中很重要的一环，也是很多考生认为比较难以掌握的部分。
以下是一些备考听力的技巧，供您参考：1. 多听英语材料提高听力理解能力的最好方法就是经常听英语材料。
博士考试英语作文
博士考试英语作文的备考策略与实战技巧 Preparing for the doctoral Exam English Essay Section can be a daunting task, given its high stakes and specificity. However, with the right approach and strategies, success is achievable. This article aims to provide a comprehensive guide for candidates to excel in this crucial component of the doctoral exam.**1. Understanding the Exam Format and Requirements** Familiarize yourself with the exam format, including the essay's length requirements, topic areas, and expected writing style. This knowledge will help you plan your preparation effectively.**2. Identifying Your Weaknesses and Strengths**Evaluate your current writing skills and identify areas where you need improvement. This could include grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, or essay organization. On the other hand, identify your strengths to leverage them during the exam.**3. Developing a Strategy**Develop a strategy that combines practice, revision, and timed writing sessions. Regular practice will help you familiarize yourself with the essay structure and improve your writing speed. Revision is crucial to eliminate errors and enhance clarity. Timed writing sessions will help you manage your time effectively during the exam.**4. Accumulating Relevant Material and References**Gather relevant material and references that cover a wide range of topics relevant to the exam. This will provide you with a solid foundation to build your essays and add credibility to your arguments.**5. Practicing with Mock Exams**Utilize mock exams to simulate the real exam environment and assess your readiness. This will help you identify areas where you need further preparation and give you confidence on the day of the exam.**6. Staying Calm and Focused**On the day of the exam, it's essential to stay calm and focused. Remember to allocate your time wisely, read the instructions carefully, and follow the essay structure youhave practiced. Avoid panicking or rushing through your essay, as this could lead to mistakes and a lower score. **备考策略与实战技巧**准备博士考试英语作文部分可能是一项艰巨的任务，因为其具有很高的风险性和特殊性。
博士英语教学思路
博士英语教学思路（最新版）目录1.博士英语教学的重要性2.博士英语教学的现状3.改进博士英语教学的思路4.具体实施方法正文一、博士英语教学的重要性博士作为我国最高学历的代表，英语能力的培养尤为重要。
随着全球化的不断深入，英语在国际学术交流中占据着举足轻重的地位。
对于博士生而言，掌握英语意味着能够拓宽学术视野，提升自身研究水平，促进国际间的学术合作与交流。
因此，博士英语教学对于培养具有国际竞争力的优秀博士生具有重要意义。
二、博士英语教学的现状尽管博士英语教学的重要性不言而喻，但在实际教学过程中仍存在一些问题。
首先，教学方法过于传统，缺乏针对性。
许多院校仍然采用传统的教学模式，重视语法和词汇的教学，忽视了实际应用能力的培养。
其次，教学资源不足。
部分院校在博士英语教学方面的投入不足，导致教学质量难以得到保障。
此外，博士生英语水平参差不齐，难以实施因材施教。
三、改进博士英语教学的思路为了提高博士英语教学质量，我们应从以下几个方面进行改进：1.教学方法改革：采用任务型教学法、交际法等先进的教学方法，注重培养博士生的实际应用能力，特别是学术英语能力。
2.课程设置优化：根据博士生的实际需求，设置实用性强的课程，如学术论文写作、国际学术交流等，满足博士生在学术研究中的英语需求。
3.教学资源建设：加大投入，建设丰富多样的教学资源库，为博士生提供优质的学习资源。
4.实施个性化教学：针对博士生英语水平的差异，制定个性化的教学计划，确保每个学生都能得到有效的指导。
四、具体实施方法具体实施改进博士英语教学的措施，可以从以下几个方面入手：1.完善课程体系：建立以学术英语为主线的课程体系，提高课程的实用性。
2.提高师资水平：选拔具有丰富教学经验和学术背景的教师，为博士生提供高质量的教学。
3.拓展学术交流渠道：积极与海外优秀院校开展合作，为博士生提供更多的国际学术交流机会。
4.建立激励机制：设立奖学金、优秀论文等荣誉，激发博士生学习英语的积极性。
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天津大学2015考博英语：重视英语复习改进学习方法考博英语在考博复习当中占有重要的位置，必须要重视英语的复习，在复习过程中要不断改进学习方法，选择适合自己的辅导书，强化复习要点。
联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。
电话：四零零六六八六九七八学习方法要改进
大家的学习方法也存在着一定的弊端。
很多同学开始学单词的时候总是把一个单词按字母拆开一个个地背，记住它的一个汉语意思就觉得够了。
其实，如果只是记忆少量的单词，那么这样的效果还是不错的，但到后期，词汇量要加大的时候，大家就会觉得力不从心了。
因此大家在记忆单词时，还是要利用一些方法。
建议考生掌握英语的发音规律，通过发音来背单词，再写出拼写。
而不要只背拼写，一定要会读这个单词，这样才不容易遗忘。
选择适合自己的辅导书
现在正处于考博复习的基础期，这就要求我们针对单词进行第一轮复习。
市场上的词汇书很多，可谓是琳琅满目，在这种情况下，同学们往往迷惑，选哪本书才适合自己呢?无论是哪种版本的词汇书都是按照考博英语大纲编排的，也就是围绕考博5500个大纲单词编排的，所以万变不离其宗，也就是说无论是选择哪种版本的词汇书，只要你自己看着舒服、顺手就可以了。
考博单词背诵环节绝不能轻视，希望大家制定详细的计划，打好词汇基础。
强化期复习要点
在这个阶段每天平均学习英语4个小时左右，主要学习内容包括：单词记忆、阅读理解、完形填空训练、翻译练习、考博真题研究、作文范文的学习及训练。
单词记忆是最基础的复习，这个阶段的目标是记忆易混超难词汇、熟词生义、同义词近义词辨析等，这时要加强对单词的把握;通过暑假时间
充分练习阅读理解，掌握阅读技巧，提升阅读能力;新增的完形填空练习，每天可花费20分钟练习，掌握完形填空的题型特点，强化训练，在做题的同时加强对词汇的掌握和理解;掌握考博英语中翻译的命题特点，进行强化训练;花费大量时间进行真题研究，摸透题型特点，出题人思路，有针对性更系统的进行复习;在这个阶段每天都要进行作文练习，形成自己的写作模式，建立模板，避免出现常见的语法错误。
这一阶段切忌盲目做题，要通过练习，掌握各题型特点，并且把词汇记忆融入其中。
有志者事竟成，祝愿考生都能够取得好成绩。
本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。