13-04 REVISED- Whistleblower Investigation Manual High
企业并购相关研究综述
企业并购相关研究综述袁显平;周满【摘要】为了探明企业并购未来研究方向,运用统计分析法,从文献检索统计、并购理论以及并购绩效研究等视角,对国内外企业并购相关研究进行了统计分析,侧重回顾了国内外具有代表性的研究成果.1990年以来,有关企业并购的英文期刊文献多达1 018篇,其中40篇是探讨中国企业并购的.西方国家并购较早出现,理论相对丰富,大致形成了以西方企业为主的并购动因、并购效应等理论体系,国内则相对较少.学术界多运用事件和财务指标研究法来考察并购绩效,但是证券市场的有效性以及财务指标的可取性有待进一步验证.21世纪以来,企业并购重组已经成为资本市场的一个重要部分,但是国内资本市场发展不够成熟,难以做到资产的有效配置.基于以上研究结论,文章最后提出了需进一步深入研究的方向与主题.【期刊名称】《技术与创新管理》【年(卷),期】2015(036)003【总页数】6页(P258-263)【关键词】企业并购;并购绩效;财务指标;资本市场【作者】袁显平;周满【作者单位】西安科技大学管理学院,陕西西安710054;西安科技大学管理学院,陕西西安710054【正文语种】中文【中图分类】F831西方企业从19世纪到21世纪共经历了5次较大并购浪潮，已有百余年历史，现已建立了完善的并购机制。
国外学者对企业并购进行了大量的理论与实验研究，得出了许多有价值的结论。
美国经济学家Stilger认为：“纵观世界上著名的大企业，几乎没有一家不是通过并购重组发展起来的，也没有哪一家是单纯依靠企业自身积累发展起来的。
”相对西方国家而言，我国资本市场起步较晚，发展不够规范，资本运作经验欠缺，但近些年来企业并购愈演愈烈，不仅国内并购事件众多，众多企业还参与了跨国并购。
据清科数据统计，2014年中国并购市场并购活跃度与规模量双双突破2013年总交易量，企业并购的“黄金时代”已经全面而至。
鉴于我国企业并购事件越来越多，需要经验总结和相关理论支持。
《企业借壳上市风险研究国内外文献综述》5200字
企业借壳上市风险研究国内外文献综述1 国外研究现状（1）借壳上市动因研究Will McCusker（2017）认为借壳上市交易是一个重要的里程碑。
通过借壳上市将为企业提供更多接触新投资者的渠道，为公司发展提供新的增长资本来源，并提升企业在市场中的服务[1]。
Vanessa Luna（2018）认为现在企业面临各种“高成本”和“高风险”行业运营的挑战，通过借壳上市这种逆向合并的方式将其置于公共平台上的机会可以打开通往各种新资源的大门，这些资源可以充分利用，最大限度地提高公司的短期和长期增长战略[2]。
William（2008）提出借壳上市的企业，借壳方公司真正所追求的目的不是借壳上市低成本和短时间的优点，而是在于借壳上市的公司在利用审批环节相对较少和成本费用较低的私募基金方式取得上市的资格后，进行融资[3]。
Pollard，Troy（2016）通过利用大量的逆向兼并公司样本和主张得分匹配的首次公开招股样本，发现借壳上市与通过首次公开招股进入资本市场的传统、更加繁琐的机制形成鲜明对比，后者包括发行招股说明书、接受承保、通过路演营销股票发行以及在美国证券交易委员会（SEC）进行S-1注册[4]。
Brenner （2004）等认为通过首次公开募股（IPO）进行“上市”的过程既耗时又昂贵，并且消耗了执行人员的时间和人才。
另一种选择是逆向兼并，主要优势是加强退出战略、更多的资本获取机会以及增强高管的招聘和保留率[5]。
Richard Rappaport（2010）提出借壳上市这种机制结合了IPO的最佳功能和反向合并，从而提高了时间效率和成本效益[6]。
Conroy（2001）认为与现有公共壳牌进行逆向合并，以此可以作为可能的退出策略，反向合并是私营公司经理获得上市公司地位的有吸引力的战略选择[7]。
Adjei（2008）等认为与首次公开招股控制样本相比，反向收购具有较高的短期股票回报率、更高的波动性、较低的交易流动性和机构所有权降低[11]。
BmNPV_侵染后不同抗性家蚕品系中肠组织转录组学分析
引用格式：刘 勇，龚椿营，艾均文，等. BmNPV侵染后不同抗性家蚕品系中肠组织转录组学分析[J]. 湖南农业科学，2023（11）：1-9，13. DOI:DOI:10.16498/ki.hnnykx.2023.011.001蚕桑文化是中国文明的起点，至少已有4 000 a 以上的历史。
家蚕作为重要的经济昆虫对人类文化、经济发展贡献巨大。
种桑养蚕至今仍是部分地区农民的重要收入来源。
然而生产上，家蚕始终受到细菌病、病毒病等的侵害，给农户造成一定的经济损失[1]。
其中，以家蚕核型多角体病毒（Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus，BmNPV）引起的血液型脓病对蚕桑产业的威胁最大，其传染性极强，一旦发病就难以控制[2]。
目前，环境消毒仍是预防蚕桑病害的主要措施，但该防治方法费时费力，严重制约了蚕桑业的发展。
在此背景下，学者们通过传统杂交育种、分子标记育种和转基因育种等方式选育抗性品种来预防家蚕频发性血液型脓病，虽然这种方式前期投入大、开发周期长，但是一旦成功选育出抗性品种，其经济效益、社会效益和生态效益都是不可估量的[3]。
因此，基于材料间所存在的抗性差异而进行家蚕抗病基因筛选、抗病机制解析成为近年来蚕桑领域的热门课题。
BmNPV是一种环状双链DNA的核型多角体病毒，具有包涵体衍生病毒（occlusion-derived virus，ODV）和出芽型病毒（budded virus，BV）2种不同形式，侵染家蚕的方式包括ODV引起的食下感染和BV引起的创伤感染[3]。
BmNPV在家蚕体内复制增BmNPV侵染后不同抗性家蚕品系中肠组织转录组学分析刘 勇，龚椿营，艾均文，薛 宏，何行健，贾超华，陈卓华，任立志（湖南省蚕桑科学研究所，湖南长沙 410127）摘 要：家蚕核型多角体病毒（BmNPV）是造成蚕业严重经济损失的主要病原体之一，主要通过食下感染引发家蚕血液型脓病，中肠是免疫病原体的重要组织器官。
美国公司法证券法历年经典论文列表
美国是世界上公司法、证券法研究最为发达的国家之一，在美国法学期刊（Law Review & Journals）上每年发表400多篇以公司法和证券法为主题的论文。
自1994年开始，美国的公司法学者每年会投票从中遴选出10篇左右重要的论文，重印于Corporate Practice Commentator，至2008年，已经评选了15年，计177篇论文入选。
以下是每年入选的论文列表：2008年（以第一作者姓名音序为序）：1.Anabtawi, Iman and Lynn Stout. Fiduciary duties for activist shareholders. 60 Stan. L. Rev. 1255-1308 (2008).2.Brummer, Chris. Corporate law preemption in an age of global capital markets. 81 S. Cal. L. Rev. 1067-1114 (2008).3.Choi, Stephen and Marcel Kahan. The market penalty for mutual fund scandals. 87 B.U. L. Rev. 1021-1057 (2007).4.Choi, Stephen J. and Jill E. Fisch. On beyond CalPERS: Survey evidence on the developing role of public pension funds in corporate governance. 61 V and. L. Rev. 315-354 (2008).5.Cox, James D., Randall S. Thoma s and Lynn Bai. There are plaintiffs and…there are plaintiffs: An empirical analysis of securities class action settlements. 61 V and. L. Rev. 355-386 (2008).6.Henderson, M. Todd. Paying CEOs in bankruptcy: Executive compensation when agency costs are low. 101 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1543-1618 (2007).7.Hu, Henry T.C. and Bernard Black. Equity and debt decoupling and empty voting II: Importance and extensions. 156 U. Pa. L. Rev. 625-739 (2008).8.Kahan, Marcel and Edward Rock. The hanging chads of corporate voting. 96 Geo. L.J. 1227-1281 (2008).9.Strine, Leo E., Jr. Toward common sense and common ground? Reflections on the shared interests of managers and labor in a more rational system of corporate governance. 33 J. Corp. L. 1-20 (2007).10.Subramanian, Guhan. Go-shops vs. no-shops in private equity deals: Evidence and implications.63 Bus. Law. 729-760 (2008).2007年：1.Baker, Tom and Sean J. Griffith. The Missing Monitor in Corporate Governance: The Directors’ & Officers’ Liability Insurer. 95 Geo. L.J. 1795-1842 (2007).2.Bebchuk, Lucian A. The Myth of the Shareholder Franchise. 93 V a. L. Rev. 675-732 (2007).3.Choi, Stephen J. and Robert B. Thompson. Securities Litigation and Its Lawyers: Changes During the First Decade After the PSLRA. 106 Colum. L. Rev. 1489-1533 (2006).4.Coffee, John C., Jr. Reforming the Securities Class Action: An Essay on Deterrence and Its Implementation. 106 Colum. L. Rev. 1534-1586 (2006).5.Cox, James D. and Randall S. Thomas. Does the Plaintiff Matter? An Empirical Analysis of Lead Plaintiffs in Securities Class Actions. 106 Colum. L. Rev. 1587-1640 (2006).6.Eisenberg, Theodore and Geoffrey Miller. Ex Ante Choice of Law and Forum: An Empirical Analysis of Corporate Merger Agreements. 59 V and. L. Rev. 1975-2013 (2006).7.Gordon, Jeffrey N. The Rise of Independent Directors in the United States, 1950-2005: Of Shareholder V alue and Stock Market Prices. 59 Stan. L. Rev. 1465-1568 (2007).8.Kahan, Marcel and Edward B. Rock. Hedge Funds in Corporate Governance and Corporate Control. 155 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1021-1093 (2007).ngevoort, Donald C. The Social Construction of Sarbanes-Oxley. 105 Mich. L. Rev. 1817-1855 (2007).10.Roe, Mark J. Legal Origins, Politics, and Modern Stock Markets. 120 Harv. L. Rev. 460-527 (2006).11.Subramanian, Guhan. Post-Siliconix Freeze-outs: Theory and Evidence. 36 J. Legal Stud. 1-26 (2007). (NOTE: This is an earlier working draft. The published article is not freely available, and at SLW we generally respect the intellectual property rights of others.)2006年：1.Bainbridge, Stephen M. Director Primacy and Shareholder Disempowerment. 119 Harv. L. Rev. 1735-1758 (2006).2.Bebchuk, Lucian A. Letting Shareholders Set the Rules. 119 Harv. L. Rev. 1784-1813 (2006).3.Black, Bernard, Brian Cheffins and Michael Klausner. Outside Director Liability. 58 Stan. L. Rev. 1055-1159 (2006).4.Choi, Stephen J., Jill E. Fisch and A.C. Pritchard. Do Institutions Matter? The Impact of the Lead Plaintiff Provision of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. 835.Cox, James D. and Randall S. Thomas. Letting Billions Slip Through Y our Fingers: Empirical Evidence and Legal Implications of the Failure of Financial Institutions to Participate in Securities Class Action Settlements. 58 Stan. L. Rev. 411-454 (2005).6.Gilson, Ronald J. Controlling Shareholders and Corporate Governance: Complicating the Comparative Taxonomy. 119 Harv. L. Rev. 1641-1679 (2006).7.Goshen , Zohar and Gideon Parchomovsky. The Essential Role of Securities Regulation. 55 Duke L.J. 711-782 (2006).8.Hansmann, Henry, Reinier Kraakman and Richard Squire. Law and the Rise of the Firm. 119 Harv. L. Rev. 1333-1403 (2006).9.Hu, Henry T. C. and Bernard Black. Empty V oting and Hidden (Morphable) Ownership: Taxonomy, Implications, and Reforms. 61 Bus. Law. 1011-1070 (2006).10.Kahan, Marcel. The Demand for Corporate Law: Statutory Flexibility, Judicial Quality, or Takeover Protection? 22 J. L. Econ. & Org. 340-365 (2006).11.Kahan, Marcel and Edward Rock. Symbiotic Federalism and the Structure of Corporate Law.58 V and. L. Rev. 1573-1622 (2005).12.Smith, D. Gordon. The Exit Structure of V enture Capital. 53 UCLA L. Rev. 315-356 (2005).2005年：1.Bebchuk, Lucian Arye. The case for increasing shareholder power. 118 Harv. L. Rev. 833-914 (2005).2.Bratton, William W. The new dividend puzzle. 93 Geo. L.J. 845-895 (2005).3.Elhauge, Einer. Sacrificing corporate profits in the public interest. 80 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 733-869 (2005).4.Johnson, . Corporate officers and the business judgment rule. 60 Bus. Law. 439-469 (2005).haupt, Curtis J. In the shadow of Delaware? The rise of hostile takeovers in Japan. 105 Colum. L. Rev. 2171-2216 (2005).6.Ribstein, Larry E. Are partners fiduciaries? 2005 U. Ill. L. Rev. 209-251.7.Roe, Mark J. Delaware?s politics. 118 Harv. L. Rev. 2491-2543 (2005).8.Romano, Roberta. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the making of quack corporate governance. 114 Y ale L.J. 1521-1611 (2005).9.Subramanian, Guhan. Fixing freezeouts. 115 Y ale L.J. 2-70 (2005).10.Thompson, Robert B. and Randall S. Thomas. The public and private faces of derivative lawsuits. 57 V and. L. Rev. 1747-1793 (2004).11.Weiss, Elliott J. and J. White. File early, then free ride: How Delaware law (mis)shapes shareholder class actions. 57 V and. L. Rev. 1797-1881 (2004).2004年：1Arlen, Jennifer and Eric Talley. Unregulable defenses and the perils of shareholder choice. 152 U. Pa. L. Rev. 577-666 (2003).2.Bainbridge, Stephen M. The business judgment rule as abstention doctrine. 57 V and. L. Rev. 83-130 (2004).3.Bebchuk, Lucian Arye and Alma Cohen. Firms' decisions where to incorporate. 46 J.L. & Econ. 383-425 (2003).4.Blair, Margaret M. Locking in capital: what corporate law achieved for business organizers in the nineteenth century. 51 UCLA L. Rev. 387-455 (2003).5.Gilson, Ronald J. and Jeffrey N. Gordon. Controlling shareholders. 152 U. Pa. L. Rev. 785-843 (2003).6.Roe, Mark J. Delaware 's competition. 117 Harv. L. Rev. 588-646 (2003).7.Sale, Hillary A. Delaware 's good faith. 89 Cornell L. Rev. 456-495 (2004).8.Stout, Lynn A. The mechanisms of market inefficiency: an introduction to the new finance. 28 J. Corp. L. 635-669 (2003).9.Subramanian, Guhan. Bargaining in the shadow of takeover defenses. 113 Y ale L.J. 621-686 (2003).10.Subramanian, Guhan. The disappearing Delaware effect. 20 J.L. Econ. & Org. 32-59 (2004)11.Thompson, Robert B. and Randall S. Thomas. The new look of shareholder litigation: acquisition-oriented class actions. 57 V and. L. Rev. 133-209 (2004).2003年：1.A yres, Ian and Stephen Choi. Internalizing outsider trading. 101 Mich. L. Rev. 313-408 (2002).2.Bainbridge, Stephen M. Director primacy: The means and ends of corporate governance. 97 Nw. U. L. Rev. 547-606 (2003).3.Bebchuk, Lucian, Alma Cohen and Allen Ferrell. Does the evidence favor state competition in corporate law? 90 Cal. L. Rev. 1775-1821 (2002).4.Bebchuk, Lucian Arye, John C. Coates IV and Guhan Subramanian. The Powerful Antitakeover Force of Staggered Boards: Further findings and a reply to symposium participants. 55 Stan. L. Rev. 885-917 (2002).5.Choi, Stephen J. and Jill E. Fisch. How to fix Wall Street: A voucher financing proposal for securities intermediaries. 113 Y ale L.J. 269-346 (2003).6.Daines, Robert. The incorporation choices of IPO firms. 77 N.Y.U. L. Rev.1559-1611 (2002).7.Gilson, Ronald J. and David M. Schizer. Understanding venture capital structure: A taxexplanation for convertible preferred stock. 116 Harv. L. Rev. 874-916 (2003).8.Kahan, Marcel and Ehud Kamar. The myth of state competition in corporate law. 55 Stan. L. Rev. 679-749 (2002).ngevoort, Donald C. Taming the animal spirits of the stock markets: A behavioral approach to securities regulation. 97 Nw. U. L. Rev. 135-188 (2002).10.Pritchard, A.C. Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr., and the counterrevolution in the federal securities laws. 52 Duke L.J. 841-949 (2003).11.Thompson, Robert B. and Hillary A. Sale. Securities fraud as corporate governance: Reflections upon federalism. 56 V and. L. Rev. 859-910 (2003).2002年：1.Allen, William T., Jack B. Jacobs and Leo E. Strine, Jr. Function over Form: A Reassessment of Standards of Review in Delaware Corporation Law. 26 Del. J. Corp. L. 859-895 (2001) and 56 Bus. Law. 1287 (2001).2.A yres, Ian and Joe Bankman. Substitutes for Insider Trading. 54 Stan. L. Rev. 235-254 (2001).3.Bebchuk, Lucian Arye, Jesse M. Fried and David I. Walker. Managerial Power and Rent Extraction in the Design of Executive Compensation. 69 U. Chi. L. Rev. 751-846 (2002).4.Bebchuk, Lucian Arye, John C. Coates IV and Guhan Subramanian. The Powerful Antitakeover Force of Staggered Boards: Theory, Evidence, and Policy. 54 Stan. L. Rev. 887-951 (2002).5.Black, Bernard and Reinier Kraakman. Delaware’s Takeover Law: The Uncertain Search for Hidden V alue. 96 Nw. U. L. Rev. 521-566 (2002).6.Bratton, William M. Enron and the Dark Side of Shareholder V alue. 76 Tul. L. Rev. 1275-1361 (2002).7.Coates, John C. IV. Explaining V ariation in Takeover Defenses: Blame the Lawyers. 89 Cal. L. Rev. 1301-1421 (2001).8.Kahan, Marcel and Edward B. Rock. How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Pill: Adaptive Responses to Takeover Law. 69 U. Chi. L. Rev. 871-915 (2002).9.Kahan, Marcel. Rethinking Corporate Bonds: The Trade-off Between Individual and Collective Rights. 77 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1040-1089 (2002).10.Roe, Mark J. Corporate Law’s Limits. 31 J. Legal Stud. 233-271 (2002).11.Thompson, Robert B. and D. Gordon Smith. Toward a New Theory of the Shareholder Role: "Sacred Space" in Corporate Takeovers. 80 Tex. L. Rev. 261-326 (2001).2001年：1.Black, Bernard S. The legal and institutional preconditions for strong securities markets. 48 UCLA L. Rev. 781-855 (2001).2.Coates, John C. IV. Takeover defenses in the shadow of the pill: a critique of the scientific evidence. 79 Tex. L. Rev. 271-382 (2000).3.Coates, John C. IV and Guhan Subramanian. A buy-side model of M&A lockups: theory and evidence. 53 Stan. L. Rev. 307-396 (2000).4.Coffee, John C., Jr. The rise of dispersed ownership: the roles of law and the state in the separation of ownership and control. 111 Y ale L.J. 1-82 (2001).5.Choi, Stephen J. The unfounded fear of Regulation S: empirical evidence on offshore securities offerings. 50 Duke L.J. 663-751 (2000).6.Daines, Robert and Michael Klausner. Do IPO charters maximize firm value? Antitakeover protection in IPOs. 17 J.L. Econ. & Org. 83-120 (2001).7.Hansmann, Henry and Reinier Kraakman. The essential role of organizational law. 110 Y ale L.J. 387-440 (2000).ngevoort, Donald C. The human nature of corporate boards: law, norms, and the unintended consequences of independence and accountability. 89 Geo. L.J. 797-832 (2001).9.Mahoney, Paul G. The political economy of the Securities Act of 1933. 30 J. Legal Stud. 1-31 (2001).10.Roe, Mark J. Political preconditions to separating ownership from corporate control. 53 Stan. L. Rev. 539-606 (2000).11.Romano, Roberta. Less is more: making institutional investor activism a valuable mechanism of corporate governance. 18 Y ale J. on Reg. 174-251 (2001).2000年：1.Bratton, William W. and Joseph A. McCahery. Comparative Corporate Governance and the Theory of the Firm: The Case Against Global Cross Reference. 38 Colum. J. Transnat’l L. 213-297 (1999).2.Coates, John C. IV. Empirical Evidence on Structural Takeover Defenses: Where Do We Stand?54 U. Miami L. Rev. 783-797 (2000).3.Coffee, John C., Jr. Privatization and Corporate Governance: The Lessons from Securities Market Failure. 25 J. Corp. L. 1-39 (1999).4.Fisch, Jill E. The Peculiar Role of the Delaware Courts in the Competition for Corporate Charters. 68 U. Cin. L. Rev. 1061-1100 (2000).5.Fox, Merritt B. Retained Mandatory Securities Disclosure: Why Issuer Choice Is Not Investor Empowerment. 85 V a. L. Rev. 1335-1419 (1999).6.Fried, Jesse M. Insider Signaling and Insider Trading with Repurchase Tender Offers. 67 U. Chi. L. Rev. 421-477 (2000).7.Gulati, G. Mitu, William A. Klein and Eric M. Zolt. Connected Contracts. 47 UCLA L. Rev. 887-948 (2000).8.Hu, Henry T.C. Faith and Magic: Investor Beliefs and Government Neutrality. 78 Tex. L. Rev. 777-884 (2000).9.Moll, Douglas K. Shareholder Oppression in Close Corporations: The Unanswered Question of Perspective. 53 V and. L. Rev. 749-827 (2000).10.Schizer, David M. Executives and Hedging: The Fragile Legal Foundation of Incentive Compatibility. 100 Colum. L. Rev. 440-504 (2000).11.Smith, Thomas A. The Efficient Norm for Corporate Law: A Neotraditional Interpretation of Fiduciary Duty. 98 Mich. L. Rev. 214-268 (1999).12.Thomas, Randall S. and Kenneth J. Martin. The Determinants of Shareholder V oting on Stock Option Plans. 35 Wake Forest L. Rev. 31-81 (2000).13.Thompson, Robert B. Preemption and Federalism in Corporate Governance: Protecting Shareholder Rights to V ote, Sell, and Sue. 62 Law & Contemp. Probs. 215-242 (1999).1999年（以第一作者姓名音序为序）：1.Bankman, Joseph and Ronald J. Gilson. Why Start-ups? 51 Stan. L. Rev. 289-308 (1999).2.Bhagat, Sanjai and Bernard Black. The Uncertain Relationship Between Board Composition and Firm Performance. 54 Bus. Law. 921-963 (1999).3.Blair, Margaret M. and Lynn A. Stout. A Team Production Theory of Corporate Law. 85 V a. L. Rev. 247-328 (1999).4.Coates, John C., IV. “Fair V alue” As an A voidable Rule of Corporate Law: Minority Discounts in Conflict Transactions. 147 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1251-1359 (1999).5.Coffee, John C., Jr. The Future as History: The Prospects for Global Convergence in Corporate Governance and Its Implications. 93 Nw. U. L. Rev. 641-707 (1999).6.Eisenberg, Melvin A. Corporate Law and Social Norms. 99 Colum. L. Rev. 1253-1292 (1999).7.Hamermesh, Lawrence A. Corporate Democracy and Stockholder-Adopted By-laws: Taking Back the Street? 73 Tul. L. Rev. 409-495 (1998).8.Krawiec, Kimberly D. Derivatives, Corporate Hedging, and Shareholder Wealth: Modigliani-Miller Forty Y ears Later. 1998 U. Ill. L. Rev. 1039-1104.ngevoort, Donald C. Rereading Cady, Roberts: The Ideology and Practice of Insider Trading Regulation. 99 Colum. L. Rev. 1319-1343 (1999).ngevoort, Donald C. Half-Truths: Protecting Mistaken Inferences By Investors and Others.52 Stan. L. Rev. 87-125 (1999).11.Talley, Eric. Turning Servile Opportunities to Gold: A Strategic Analysis of the Corporate Opportunities Doctrine. 108 Y ale L.J. 277-375 (1998).12.Williams, Cynthia A. The Securities and Exchange Commission and Corporate Social Transparency. 112 Harv. L. Rev. 1197-1311 (1999).1998年：1.Carney, William J., The Production of Corporate Law, 71 S. Cal. L. Rev. 715-780 (1998).2.Choi, Stephen, Market Lessons for Gatekeepers, 92 Nw. U. L. Rev. 916-966 (1998).3.Coffee, John C., Jr., Brave New World?: The Impact(s) of the Internet on Modern Securities Regulation. 52 Bus. Law. 1195-1233 (1997).ngevoort, Donald C., Organized Illusions: A Behavioral Theory of Why Corporations Mislead Stock Market Investors (and Cause Other Social Harms). 146 U. Pa. L. Rev. 101-172 (1997).ngevoort, Donald C., The Epistemology of Corporate-Securities Lawyering: Beliefs, Biases and Organizational Behavior. 63 Brook. L. Rev. 629-676 (1997).6.Mann, Ronald J. The Role of Secured Credit in Small-Business Lending. 86 Geo. L.J. 1-44 (1997).haupt, Curtis J., Property Rights in Firms. 84 V a. L. Rev. 1145-1194 (1998).8.Rock, Edward B., Saints and Sinners: How Does Delaware Corporate Law Work? 44 UCLA L. Rev. 1009-1107 (1997).9.Romano, Roberta, Empowering Investors: A Market Approach to Securities Regulation. 107 Y ale L.J. 2359-2430 (1998).10.Schwab, Stewart J. and Randall S. Thomas, Realigning Corporate Governance: Shareholder Activism by Labor Unions. 96 Mich. L. Rev. 1018-1094 (1998).11.Skeel, David A., Jr., An Evolutionary Theory of Corporate Law and Corporate Bankruptcy. 51 V and. L. Rev. 1325-1398 (1998).12.Thomas, Randall S. and Martin, Kenneth J., Should Labor Be Allowed to Make Shareholder Proposals? 73 Wash. L. Rev. 41-80 (1998).1997年：1.Alexander, Janet Cooper, Rethinking Damages in Securities Class Actions, 48 Stan. L. Rev. 1487-1537 (1996).2.Arlen, Jennifer and Kraakman, Reinier, Controlling Corporate Misconduct: An Analysis of Corporate Liability Regimes, 72 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 687-779 (1997).3.Brudney, Victor, Contract and Fiduciary Duty in Corporate Law, 38 B.C. L. Rev. 595-665 (1997).4.Carney, William J., The Political Economy of Competition for Corporate Charters, 26 J. Legal Stud. 303-329 (1997).5.Choi, Stephen J., Company Registration: Toward a Status-Based Antifraud Regime, 64 U. Chi. L. Rev. 567-651 (1997).6.Fox, Merritt B., Securities Disclosure in a Globalizing Market: Who Should Regulate Whom. 95 Mich. L. Rev. 2498-2632 (1997).7.Kahan, Marcel and Klausner, Michael, Lockups and the Market for Corporate Control, 48 Stan. L. Rev. 1539-1571 (1996).8.Mahoney, Paul G., The Exchange as Regulator, 83 V a. L. Rev. 1453-1500 (1997).haupt, Curtis J., The Market for Innovation in the United States and Japan: V enture Capital and the Comparative Corporate Governance Debate, 91 Nw. U.L. Rev. 865-898 (1997).10.Skeel, David A., Jr., The Unanimity Norm in Delaware Corporate Law, 83 V a. L. Rev. 127-175 (1997).1996年：1.Black, Bernard and Reinier Kraakman A Self-Enforcing Model of Corporate Law, 109 Harv. L. Rev. 1911 (1996)2.Gilson, Ronald J. Corporate Governance and Economic Efficiency: When Do Institutions Matter?, 74 Wash. U. L.Q. 327 (1996)3. Hu, Henry T.C. Hedging Expectations: "Derivative Reality" and the Law and Finance of the Corporate Objective, 21 J. Corp. L. 3 (1995)4.Kahan, Marcel & Michael Klausner Path Dependence in Corporate Contracting: Increasing Returns, Herd Behavior and Cognitive Biases, 74 Wash. U. L.Q. 347 (1996)5.Kitch, Edmund W. The Theory and Practice of Securities Disclosure, 61 Brooklyn L. Rev. 763 (1995)ngevoort, Donald C. Selling Hope, Selling Risk: Some Lessons for Law From Behavioral Economics About Stockbrokers and Sophisticated Customers, 84 Cal. L. Rev. 627 (1996)7.Lin, Laura The Effectiveness of Outside Directors as a Corporate Governance Mechanism: Theories and Evidence, 90 Nw. U.L. Rev. 898 (1996)lstein, Ira M. The Professional Board, 50 Bus. Law 1427 (1995)9.Thompson, Robert B. Exit, Liquidity, and Majority Rule: Appraisal's Role in Corporate Law, 84 Geo. L.J. 1 (1995)10.Triantis, George G. and Daniels, Ronald J. The Role of Debt in Interactive Corporate Governance. 83 Cal. L. Rev. 1073 (1995)1995年：公司法：1.Arlen, Jennifer and Deborah M. Weiss A Political Theory of Corporate Taxation,. 105 Y ale L.J. 325-391 (1995).2.Elson, Charles M. The Duty of Care, Compensation, and Stock Ownership, 63 U. Cin. L. Rev. 649 (1995).3.Hu, Henry T.C. Heeding Expectations: "Derivative Reality" and the Law and Finance of the Corporate Objective, 73 Tex. L. Rev. 985-1040 (1995).4.Kahan, Marcel The Qualified Case Against Mandatory Terms in Bonds, 89 Nw. U.L. Rev. 565-622 (1995).5.Klausner, Michael Corporations, Corporate Law, and Networks of Contracts, 81 V a. L. Rev. 757-852 (1995).6.Mitchell, Lawrence E. Cooperation and Constraint in the Modern Corporation: An Inquiry Into the Causes of Corporate Immorality, 73 Tex. L. Rev. 477-537 (1995).7.Siegel, Mary Back to the Future: Appraisal Rights in the Twenty-First Century, 32 Harv. J. on Legis. 79-143 (1995).证券法：1.Grundfest, Joseph A. Why Disimply? 108 Harv. L. Rev. 727-747 (1995).2.Lev, Baruch and Meiring de V illiers Stock Price Crashes and 10b-5 Damages: A Legal Economic, and Policy Analysis, 47 Stan. L. Rev. 7-37 (1994).3.Mahoney, Paul G. Mandatory Disclosure as a Solution to Agency Problems, 62 U. Chi. L. Rev. 1047-1112 (1995).4.Seligman, Joel The Merits Do Matter, 108 Harv. L. Rev. 438 (1994).5.Seligman, Joel The Obsolescence of Wall Street: A Contextual Approach to the Evolving Structure of Federal Securities Regulation, 93 Mich. L. Rev. 649-702 (1995).6.Stout, Lynn A. Are Stock Markets Costly Casinos? Disagreement, Mark Failure, and Securities Regulation, 81 V a. L. Rev. 611 (1995).7.Weiss, Elliott J. and John S. Beckerman Let the Money Do the Monitoring: How Institutional Investors Can Reduce Agency Costs in Securities Class Actions, 104 Y ale L.J. 2053-2127 (1995).1994年：公司法：1.Fraidin, Stephen and Hanson, Jon D. Toward Unlocking Lockups, 103 Y ale L.J. 1739-1834 (1994)2.Gordon, Jeffrey N. Institutions as Relational Investors: A New Look at Cumulative V oting, 94 Colum. L. Rev. 124-192 (1994)3.Karpoff, Jonathan M., and Lott, John R., Jr. The Reputational Penalty Firms Bear From Committing Criminal Fraud, 36 J.L. & Econ. 757-802 (1993)4.Kraakman, Reiner, Park, Hyun, and Shavell, Steven When Are Shareholder Suits in Shareholder Interests?, 82 Geo. L.J. 1733-1775 (1994)5.Mitchell, Lawrence E. Fairness and Trust in Corporate Law, 43 Duke L.J. 425- 491 (1993)6.Oesterle, Dale A. and Palmiter, Alan R. Judicial Schizophrenia in Shareholder V oting Cases, 79 Iowa L. Rev. 485-583 (1994)7. Pound, John The Rise of the Political Model of Corporate Governance and Corporate Control, 68 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1003-1071 (1993)8.Skeel, David A., Jr. Rethinking the Line Between Corporate Law and Corporate Bankruptcy, 72 Tex. L. Rev. 471-557 (1994)9.Thompson, Robert B. Unpacking Limited Liability: Direct and V icarious Liability of Corporate Participants for Torts of the Enterprise, 47 V and. L. Rev. 1-41 (1994)证券法：1.Alexander, Janet Cooper The V alue of Bad News in Securities Class Actions, 41 UCLA L.Rev. 1421-1469 (1994)2.Bainbridge, Stephen M. Insider Trading Under the Restatement of the Law Governing Lawyers, 19 J. Corp. L. 1-40 (1993)3.Black, Bernard S. and Coffee, John C. Jr. Hail Britannia?: Institutional Investor Behavior Under Limited Regulation, 92 Mich. L. Rev. 1997-2087 (1994)4.Booth, Richard A. The Efficient Market, portfolio Theory, and the Downward Sloping Demand Hypothesis, 68 N.Y.U. L. Rev. 1187-1212 (1993)5.Coffee, John C., Jr. The SEC and the Institutional Investor: A Half-Time Report, 15 Cardozo L. Rev 837-907 (1994)6.Fox, Merritt B. Insider Trading Deterrence V ersus Managerial Incentives: A Unified Theory of Section 16(b), 92 Mich. L. Rev. 2088-2203 (1994)7.Grundfest, Joseph A. Disimplying Private Rights of Action Under the Federal Securities Laws: The Commission's Authority, 107 Harv. L. Rev. 961-1024 (1994)8.Macey, Jonathan R. Administrative Agency Obsolescence and Interest Group Formation: A Case Study of the SEC at Sixty, 15 Cardozo L. Rev. 909-949 (1994)9.Rock, Edward B. Controlling the Dark Side of Relational Investing, 15 Cardozo L. Rev. 987-1031 (1994)。
《上市公司市盈率影响因素研究国内外文献综述2700字》
上市公司市盈率影响因素研究国内外文献综述1 国外文献综述国外有关市盈率的理论研究和实证分析已经相对比较完善和全面，国外学者从各个方面对市盈率进行了相关的理论或者实证分析。
最早提出市盈率概念的是“现代证券分析奠基人”本杰明·格雷厄姆（Benjamin Graham）。
早在1934年，他与大卫·多德合著的《证券分析》一书中首次对市盈率作了表述，在他们看来，股票的价值是其当期收益的一定倍数，而这个倍数由两个方面决定，一部分由当时的人气决定，也就是投资者预期；另一部分由企业的性质和记录决定，即企业的盈利能力和模式等特点决定，而这个一定倍数正是表示市盈率的大小【1】。
在市盈率的内在含义方面，Fairfield（1994）从经济含义的角度分析了市盈率和市净率，认为市盈率是未来盈利能力预期变化函数，市净率是未来盈利能力预期水平函数。
而且，通过利用美国1970-1984 年的数据建立模型发现，从账面价值角度看，市净率与预期回报呈正相关关系，对未来超额盈余的增长率有正面的影响，市净率与市盈率合在一起对未来股价有比较强的预测能力，此外，根据市盈率与市净率进行分组的不同的组合对未来的盈利能力也会不同【2】。
Kane, Marcus 和Noh（1996）认为市盈率是十分易变的，实证研究结果表明，市场波动增加百分之一能够引起市盈率1.8%的降低，因此，任何对于市场价值的评估，如果不考虑市盈率的变动将犯根本上的错误【3】。
Sujata Behera（2020）通过对大中小盘236 家公司的股票市值，进行了相关信息含量分析。
结果表明，在正常市场收益率变化的情况下，基于经济增加值的估值模型优于需求收益率不变的基于经济增加值的估值模型【5】。
Adil Pasha等（2019）通过对13 个行业的70 家非金融类巴基斯坦证券交易所上市公司10 年的数据，进行研究发现经济增加值与股票收益率之间存在显著的关系【6】。
林菲尔·拜肯斯朗电动液
SAM400 & 650 PERKINS DIESEL ENGINE DRIVENIM568 April, 1997Mar ‘95Mar ‘95Mar.‘93for selecting a QUALITY product by Lincoln Electric.We want you to take pride in operating this Lincoln Electric Company product •••as much pride as we have in bringing this product to you!Read this Operators Manual completely before attempting to use this equipment.Save this manual and keep it handy for quick reference.Pay particular attention to the safety instructions we have provided for your protection.The level of seriousness to be applied to each is explained below:vv(1)Consult applicable federal, state and local laws regardingspecific requirements for use on public highways.SPEED CONTROL LEVERManually allows the engine to run at its high idle speed controlled by the governor or at the factory set low idle speed.When welding or using auxiliary power the speed control lever must be in the “RUN”position.T o reduce the engine to low idle speed when not welding or not using auxiliary power place the speed control lever in the “IDLE”position notch.ENGINE TEMPERATURE GAUGEDisplays the coolant temperature in the engine block. OIL PRESSURE GAUGEDisplays the oil pressure to the engine.When the engine starts running, watch for the oil pressure to build up.If no pressure shows within 30 seconds, stop the engine and consult the engine instruction manual. BATTERY CHARGING AMMETERDisplays the current going from the charging alternator into the batteries.It is normal for charging current to be high (above 15 amps) after starting or when the batter-ies are ‘low’on charge.ENGINE HOUR METER(Factory Installed Optional Feature)The optional engine hour meter records the total run-ning time on the engine in hours.It can be used to keep a record of maintenance on the engine and or welder. ENGINE PROTECTION SYSTEMThe engine protection system shuts down the engine under high coolant temperature or low oil pressure conditions by allowing the fuel solenoid valve to close.place.3.Remove the two screws on the top end of the wirefeeder nameplate.4.Position the “Portable Field Control”mounting slotsover these holes and replace the screws.5.Route the leads with the LN-5 or LN-6 control cableback to the power source.MOUNTING ON LN-71.Remove the top screws on the side of the LN-7 con-trol box cover.(This is the left side when facing the nameplate).2.Position the “Portable Field Control”on the side ofthe control box with the mounting slots over these holes and replace the screws.3.Route the leads with the LN-7 control cable back tothe power source.OUTPUT STUDSWith the Engine OFF connect the work cable to the “T o Work”stud.A.For Stick Electrode Welding1.Connect the electrode cable to the “Stick”studand the work cable to the “T o Work”stud.Connect the “T AP”lead in the SAM650 to theappropriate stud to adjust current and the arccharacteristics as described under “Currentand Voltage Controls.”2.Install the “Portable Field Control”.B.Automatic or Semiautomatic WeldingFor all automatic welding processes, connect the welding power cable from the wire feeder to the “Connect to Auto.Equipment”stud.Connect the “T AP”lead in the SAM650 to the appropriate stud to adjust current and the arc characteristics as described under “Current and Voltage Controls.”1.LN-7, LN-8, LN-9, NA-3, NA-5, LT-7 and LT-56 Wire Feeders.a.Make the connections exactly as speci-fied on the connection wiring diagramincluded in the wire feeder InstructionManual.b.Install the “Portable Field Control”whenusing an LN-7.CURRENT AND VOLTAGE CONTROLS Constant Voltage WeldingThe SAM-400 “Current Control”is NOT in the circuit when the ‘Electrode Polarity’switch is set for constant voltage welding.Set the open circuit voltage (OCV) needed for the par-ticular application with the “Constant Voltage Control”located to the left of the nameplate.Adjust the final welding voltage with either the wire feeder voltage con-trol or the “Portable Field Control”.Set the welding cur-rent with “Amps”or “Wire Feed Speed”control on the wire feeder.Low Range Feature (SAM400 K1279-1 only) --Extends the output voltage range of the SAM400 welder down to 12 volts for constant voltage welding. The maximum output current is not to exceed the rat-ing of the machine.The Low Range Feature provides a two-position manual switch which allows the operator to set his machine for normal welding or for low voltage welding.Factory installed only.On the SAM650 connect the “T ap”lead inside the machine to the appropriate “Innershield”stud for”Min. (Flat) Slope.”“Med.Slope”or “Max.Slope”.Low voltage (below 20 volts) low current welding often requires “Max.Slope”to adjust the weld metal droplet size for minimum spatter and to control puddle fluidity and bead shape.Innershield and other spray transfer type processes generally operate with “Med.Slope”.A Hot Start circuit on all models operates automatical-ly whenever the toggle switch is set on “Constant Voltage.”It increases the open circuit voltage by sev-eral volts until the arc is established -- then the voltage automatically drops to normal welding voltage.When the wire feeder is started before the arc is started, the voltmeter indicates a voltage several volts higher than welding voltage.T o read actual welding voltage, the arc must be established.Constant Voltage Welding With Variable Inductance Control:SAM-400 Only.Variable inductance or slope control is usually desir-able for low voltage (below 20 volts) applications and is sometimes useful in other constant voltage jobs.To introduce this control into the circuit, set the “Electrode Polarity”switch to “Variable Voltage”and the toggle switch to “Constant Voltage”.Then the “Current Control”acts as the variable inductance control. Normally this control must be kept within the 8 to 1 o’clock range.To Set The Controls -- Stick Weldinga.Make the coarse setting of welding heat with theSAM400 “Current Control”or the SAM650“T ap’”lead.b.Adjust for the desired arc characteristics with the“Variable Voltage Control”.For a soft arc desired for most welding keep this control between 7 and High.For a more digging arc, set it lower.c.If remote control is NOT desired leave the“Portable Field Control”on “High”.For remote con-trol, leave the “Variable Voltage Control”near “High”and make the adjustments described in paragraph “b”above with the “Portable Field Control”.Remember, increasing either the “Variable Voltage Control”or “Portable Field Control”setting also increases the current.To Set The Controls -- Submerged Arca.The open circuit voltage (OCV) is generally notcritical in submerged arc welding.Therefore, the “Variable Voltage Control”can usually be left between 7 and “High”-- no future adjustments are needed.b.Set SAM400 “Current Control”so the calibrationon the higher scale is a little above the current desired.Set the SAM650 “T ap”lead to the stud with the lowest current range that still provides the desired current.c.Make the final current adjustment with either thewire feeder current control or the “Portable Field Control”.Set the arc voltage with the wire feeder control.Consult the following illustrations for examples of how to set the machine.STARTING WELDERS WITH DEAD BATTERIES Array DO NOT attempt to start a SAM engine driven welder by driving the welding generator as a starter motor using the output of another welder.In addition to the possibility of damaging the machines, starting a SAM engine welder without using its starting circuit elimi-nates the operation of the flashing circuit.This can cause the generator to fail to produce any output. AUXILIARY POWERAn alternator generates 2 KVA of 120/240 volt 60 Hertz AC power.It is available either from #31 and #32 on the terminal strip or from the receptacles on the Control Panel.Be careful not to overload this circuit. The auxiliary power receptacle should only be used with three wire grounded type plugs or approved dou-ble insulated tools with two wire plugs.The alternator is protected by thermostats and fuses. DUTY CYCLEDuty cycle is based on a ten minute period and opera-tion in an ambient temperature of 104°F(40°C).The SAM400 is NEMA rated at 60% duty cycle.The SAM650 is NEMA rated at 80% duty cycle.Duty cycle is based on a ten minute period.Therefore, a 60% duty cycle welder can be operated at nameplate rated out-put for 6 minutes (8 minutes for 80% duty cycle) out of every 10 minute period without overheating.The auxiliary power can be used continuously (100% duty cycle) within its rated current capacities.STARTING INSTRUCTIONSBe sure all Pre-Operation Maintenance has been per-formed.(See Installation Section of this manual.)T o start the engine, set the speed control lever in the “RUN”position.Place ignition toggle switch in the “ON”position.Push in the engine protection system reset button (if so equipped).Engage the starter button. When the engine starts running, observe the oil pres-sure.If no pressure shows within 30 seconds, stop the engine and consult the engine operating manual.T o stop the engine, place the ignition toggle switch in the “OFF”position.When an engine is started for the first time, some of the oil will be needed to fill the passages of the lubricatingsystem.Therefore, on initial starting, run the engine forK799 Hi-Freq™-Provides high frequency plus a gas valve for TIG welding.A water valve is available as an option.Requires 115 volt AC input.Cannot be used with optional meters connected, or in constant voltage mode.(Limited to 250A - 60% Duty Cycle).K802-D Power Plug Kit -For SAM welders with stan-dard 2KVA of AC auxiliary power.Kit includes male plugs for each auxiliary receptacle.K805-1 Ether Start Kit -Injects ether for starting aid. Recommended only when engines are frequently started at temperatures under 10°F (-12°C).Ether cylinder is not included.K767-1 Undercarriage -A 4-wheel steerable under-carriage for in-plant and yard towing1with E78-14 load range (B) tubeless tires.Mounts directly to welder base.1For highway use, consult applicable federal, state and local laws regarding possible requirements for brakes, lights, fenders, etc.Linc-Thaw™- Includes meter and fuse to protect the welder when thawing frozen water pipes.(L2964-[ ] Specify SAM400 or SAM650)K704(SAM400 only) Standard Accessory Kit -Includes electrode and work cables, headshield, work clamp and electrode holder.K865(SAM400 only) Engine Hour Meter Kit -(Standard on K1279-1).Keeps track of how long engine has been eful for following recom-mended maintenance schedules on machine.SAM400 only:Inspect the oil bath air filter daily - more often in dusty conditions.When necessary clean and fill the oil bath. The filter should never be removed while the engine is running.PERIODIC MAINTENANCE1.Blow out the welder and controls with an air hose atleast once every two months.In particularly dirty locations, this cleaning may be necessary once a e low pressure air to avoid driving dirt into the insulation.2.The SAM400 current control reactor brushes areself-lubricating and should not be greased.Keep the contacts clean.This control should be moved from maximum to minimum daily to prevent the controls from sticking.3.See the engine Instruction Manual for periodicengine maintenance information.Change the crankcase oil at regular intervals using the proper grade of oil as recommended in the engine operat-ing manual.Change the oil filter in accordance with the instructions in the engine operating manual.When the filter is changed add one quart of oil to the crankcase to replace the oil held in the filter dur-ing operation.4.Belts tend to loosen after the first 30 or 40 hours ofoperation.Check the cooling fan belt and tighten if necessary.DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN.BEARING MAINTENANCEThis welder is equipped with a double-shielded ball bearing having sufficient grease to last indefinitely under normal service.Where the welder is used con-stantly or in excessively dirty locations, it may be nec-essary to add one-half ounce of grease per year.A pad of grease one inch wide, one inch long and one inch high weighs approximately one-half ounce.Over greasing is far worse than insufficient greasing. When greasing the bearings, keep all dirt out of the area.Wipe the fittings completely clean and use clean equipment.More bearing failures are caused by dirt introduced during greasing than from insufficient grease.Arcing or excessive exciter brush wear indicates a pos-sible misaligned shaft.Have an authorized Field Service Shop check and realign the shaft. COOLING SYSTEMThe SAM welders are equipped with a pressure radia-tor.Keep the radiator cap tight to prevent loss of coolant.Clean and flush the cooling system periodi-cally to prevent clogging the passage and overheating the engine.When antifreeze is needed, always use the permanent type.CONTACTOR MAINTENANCEWhere the output contactor is operated frequently when tacking or making short welds, turn the engine off and inspect the contactor every three months:1.be sure the mating surfaces of silver contacts arenot worn and all make contact at approximately the same time.2.Make sure the springs and holders are not brokenor out of adjustment.Approximate spring com-pression after making contact is 1/8”.Less than 1/16”compression indicates worn contacts that should be replaced.3.Make sure the moving contact or other movingparts are not binding.4.Check interlock contacts and springs.Be suremounting screws are tight.NOTE A:If at any time either of the Control (PC) boards is replaced, follow the calibration procedure outlined later in this sec-tion under “Control P.C.Board Calibration Procedure”.The open circuit voltage will be out of range if trimmers are not properly set.If both trimmers are set at minimum, the machine might lose excitation.NOTE B:When making continuity checks, use the 1K (X1000) or next higher range.NOTE C:Do not replace PC boards without following outlined procedure for indicated trouble -- damage may result due to other defective parts.DC on SAM400 machines or 45±1 volts forSAM650 machines.Recheck to make surereadings fall within limits.T rimmer #4 set-ting is dependent on T rimmer #3.B.Constant Voltage1.Place toggle switch in constant voltageposition.2.T urn constant voltage rheostat and portablefield control to high.3.Set T rimmer #1 so that OCV is 60±1 voltsDC on SAM400 machines or 68±1 volts forSAM650 machines.4.T urn constant voltage rheostat and portablefield control to low.5.Set T rimmer #2 so that OCV is 21±0.5 voltsDC on SAM400 machines or 22±0.5 voltsfor SAM650 machines.Recheck to makesure readings fall within limits.T rimmer #2setting is dependent on T rimmer #1.N O T E :T h i s d i a g r a m i s f o r r e f e r e n c e o n l y .I t m a y n o t b e a c c u r a t e f o r a l l m a c h i n e s c o v e r e d b y t h i s m a n u a l.T h e s p e c i f i c d i a g r a m f o r a p a r t i c u l a r c o d e i s p a s t e d i n s i d e t h e m a c h i n e o n o n e o f t h e e n c l o s u r e p a n e l s .Now Available...12th EditionThe Procedure Handbook of Arc WeldingWith over 500,000 copies of previous editions published since 1933, the Procedure Handbook is considered by many to be the “Bible”of the arc welding industry.This printing will go fast so don’t delay.Place your order now using the coupon below.The hardbound book contains over 750 pages of welding infor-mation, techniques and procedures.Much of this material has never been included in any other book.A must for all welders, supervisors, engineers and designers.Many welding instructors will want to use the book as a reference for all students by taking advantage of the low quan-tity discount prices which include shipping by 4th class parcel post.$15.00postage paid U.S.A.MainlandHow To Read Shop DrawingsThe book contains the latest information and application data on the American Welding Society Standard Welding Symbols.Detailed discussion tells how engineers and drafts-men use the “short-cut”language of symbols to pass on assembly and welding information to shop personnel.Practical exercises and examples develop the reader’s ability to visualize mechanically drawn objects as they will appear in their assembled form.187 pages with more than 100 illustrations.Size 8-1/2”x 11”Durable, cloth-covered board binding.$4.50postage paid U.S.A.MainlandNew Lessons in Arc WeldingLessons, simply written, cover manipulatory techniques;machine and electrode characteristics;related subjects, such as distortion;and supplemental information on arc welding applications, speeds and costs.Practice materials, exercises,questions and answers are suggested for each lesson.528 pages, well illustrated, 6”x 9”size, bound in simulated,gold embossed leather.$5.00postage paid U.S.A.MainlandNeed Welding Training?The Lincoln Electric Company operates the oldest and most respected Arc Welding School in the United States at its corporate headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio.Over 100,000students have graduated.Tuition is low and the training is “hands on”For details write:Lincoln Welding School 22801 St.Clair Ave.Cleveland, Ohio 44117-1199.and ask for bulletin ED-80 or call 216-383-2259 and ask for the Welding School Registrar.Lincoln Welding SchoolBASIC COURSE $700.005 weeks of fundamentalsThere is a 10%discount on all orders of $50.00 or more for shipment at one time to one location.Orders of $50 or less before discount or orders outside of North America must be prepaid with charge, check or money order in U.S. Funds Only.Prices include shipment by 4th Class Book Rate for U.S.A. Mainland Only.Please allow up to 4 weeks for delivery.UPS Shipping for North America Only.All prepaid orders that request UPS shipment please add:$5.00For order value up to $49.99$10.00For order value between $50.00 & $99.99$15.00For order value between $100.00 & $149.00For North America invoiced orders over $50.00 & credit card orders, if UPS is requested, it will be invoiced or charged to you at cost.Outside U.S.A. Mainland order must be prepaid in U.S. Funds.Please add $2.00 per book for surface mail or $15.00 per book for air parcel post shipment.METHOD OF PAYMENT:(Sorry, No C.O.D.Orders)CHECK ONE:Name:_______________________________________________Address:_______________________________________________Ohio 44117-1199216-361-5901.JapaneseChineseKoreanArabicREAD AND UNDERSTAND THE MANUFACTURER’S INSTRUCTION FOR THIS EQUIPMENT AND THE CONSUMABLES TO BE USED AND FOLLOW YOUR EMPLOYER’S SAFETY PRACTICES.SE RECOMIENDA LEER Y ENTENDER LAS INSTRUCCIONES DEL FABRICANTE PARA EL USO DE ESTE EQUIPO Y LOS CONSUMIBLES QUE VA A UTILIZAR, SIGA LAS MEDIDAS DE SEGURIDAD DE SU SUPERVISOR.LISEZ ET COMPRENEZ LES INSTRUCTIONS DU FABRICANT EN CE QUI REGARDE CET EQUIPMENT ET LES PRODUITS A ETRE EMPLOYES ET SUIVEZ LES PROCEDURES DE SECURITE DE VOTRE EMPLOYEUR.LESEN SIE UND BEFOLGEN SIE DIE BETRIEBSANLEITUNG DER ANLAGE UND DEN ELEKTRODENEINSATZ DES HER-STELLERS. DIE UNFALLVERHÜTUNGSVORSCHRIFTEN DES ARBEITGEBERS SIND EBENFALLS ZU BEACHTEN.JapaneseChineseKoreanArabicLEIA E COMPREENDA AS INSTRUÇÕES DO FABRICANTE PARA ESTE EQUIPAMENTO E AS PARTES DE USO, E SIGA AS PRÁTICAS DE SEGURANÇA DO EMPREGADOR.。
HackiTamas海基.塔马斯《WhistleConcert口哨音乐会》
HackiTamas海基.塔马斯《WhistleConcert口哨音乐会》
演唱者：Hacki Tamas
语种：其他
唱片公司：Pepita
发行时间：1979年01月05日
专辑类别：个人专辑
专辑介绍：
这是当年在上海一个电台里播放次数极高的一个节目，深受电台听众喜爱。
里面所选的曲目也是脍炙人口的著名古典小品，由匈牙利口哨演奏者Hacki T amas（海基.塔马斯）所表演。
专辑唱片在匈牙利由PEPITA发行于1979年，是一个极其稀有且珍贵的发行。
以前也曾认真的寻找过，虽有看到也买到了，但不是我这里给出的1979年版本，经过不断的努力，在一个很偶然的机会里，在网上相识了一位平凡的朋友，他非常慷慨的把他的珍藏传给了我，并且是APE无损格式的，那天我很是兴奋，像是得到了一瓶30年的皇家礼炮。
在这里再次感谢那位慷慨的朋友！
太赞了，八十年代曾经听到过薄膜唱片！
专辑曲目：
01 Shepherd's Dances 牧羊人的舞蹈
02 Ex A 前一个
03 Csardas
04 Volga Song 伏尔加歌
05 Peer Gynt - The Dance Of Goblins, Anitra's Dance 培尔金特-舞蹈恶鬼-阿尼特拉之舞
06 Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2 匈牙利狂想曲第2号
07 Aida - Triumph March阿依达-凯旋日
08 Swan Lake天鹅湖
09 Greensleeves 绿袖子
10 Samson And Delila大力士和得利拉
11 Menuett
12 El Condor Pasa飞逝的雄鹰。
不同分期恶性肿瘤患者外周血凝血功能指标、NLR检测及其临床意义
病变的相关性分析[J].医学临床研究,2020,37(5):680-682.[17]Medina-Leyte DJ,Zepeda-García O,Domínguez-Pérez M,et al.En-dothelial dysfunction,inflammation and coronary artery disease:po-tential biomarkers and promising therapeutical approaches [J].Int J Mol Sci,2021,22(8):3850.[18]Kwon Y ,Kim M,Kim Y ,et al.EGR3-HDAC6-IL -27axis mediatesallergic inflammation and is necessary for tumorigenic potential of cancer cells enhanced by allergic inflammation-promoted cellular in-teractions [J].Front Immunol,2021,12(1):680441.[19]Nie F,Zhang Q,Ma J,et al.Schizophrenia risk candidate EGR3is anovel transcriptional regulator of RELN and regulates neurite out-growth via the Reelin signal pathway in vitro [J].J Neurochem,2021,157(6):1745-1758.[20]Shin SH,Kim I,Lee JE,et al.Loss of EGR3is an independent riskfactor for metastatic progression in prostate cancer [J].Oncogene,2020,39(36):5839-5854.[21]Hua Y ,Wang H,Ye Z,et al.An integrated pan-cancer analysis ofidentifying biomarkers about the EGR family genes in human carci-nomas [J].Comput Biol Med,2022,148(1):105889.(收稿日期：2023-09-18)不同分期恶性肿瘤患者外周血凝血功能指标、NLR 检测及其临床意义赵娜1，赵宁2，申晓楠1，苗雨莉11.通用环球西安西航医院检验科，陕西西安710021；2.西安医学院药学院，陕西西安710021【摘要】目的探讨不同分期恶性肿瘤患者外周血凝血功能指标、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)检测及其临床意义。
埃尔迪诺·特雷夫斯·阿什比的2016年埃迪诺·特雷夫斯·阿什比说明书
Château Chantalouette - PomerolChâteau Chantalouette is the second wine of Château de Sales. Owned by the same familyfor over five centuries, the 116 acre estate is the largest in the appellation and boasts the onlytrue castle of Pomerol.Certified of «High Environmental Value» (HVE) since 2020, Château Chantalouettepractices virtuous viticulture that integrates and develops biodiversity. The viticultural approach is traditional:the vineyard is ploughed regularly and cultivated with respect for the environment; cover cropping and green harvest are practised with great care.The grapes are harvested by hand at optimal maturity of each bloc. 2016 CHÂTEAU CHANTALOUETTE 2nd wine of Château de SalesAppellation: Pomerol Owner: GFA Château de Sales President:Marine Treppoz GM: Vincent Montigaud Winemaker: Frédéric Laborde Vineyard size:116 acres Average vine age:25 years Soil Types: Small gravel and iron-rich loess Vineyard grape varietals: 70% Merlot - 15% Cabernet Franc - 15% Cabernet Sauvignon Viticulture:Certified «HVE» «Culture raisonnée» Soil tilling (4 ways). Vine growth management adapted to the climatic conditions Harvest: Manual Winemaking: In thermo-regulated concrete vats Ageing: Partly in barrelHARVEST DATES: The harvest took place between 27 September and 14 October in radiant sunshine, with cool nights.2016 VARIETAL MIX:• 72 % Merlot• 11 % Cabernet Franc• 11 % Cabernet SauvignonVINTAGE REPORT:2016 was an exceptional year, marked byradical changes in weather patterns: wetand cool weather from January to June wasfollowed by a summer heatwave and drought,some more-than-welcome rain in earlySeptember, then sunshine, hot days and coolnights from mid-September until the end ofthe harvest. A cool and very damp springfollowed a wet winter. Three-quarters of theyear’s rain fell between January and June,replenishing the groundwater. Flowering started at the end of May, later than usual, and was extended and rather uneven.Temperatures jumped 10° C in late June as summer set in, with virtually no more rain until mid-September. It was hot andvery dry, with a period of drought between 24 June and 12 September; 15mm of rain fell in August.Veraison occurred late and slowly, favoured by fine late-season weather; mid-veraison took place between 8 and 18 Au-gust. September was also hot but rain on 13 and 14 September set off the ripening process, enabling the grapes to matureslowly and gently in ideal conditions.MATURING: 1/3 in oak barrels 2/3 in vatsTASTING NOTES: The wine is red with purple highlights. The intense nose reveals red berry aromas, delicately comple-mented by spice and vanilla notes. A very supple attack leads into a well-balanced and complex mid-palate on fresh redfruit flavours, especially cherry. Notes of spice and cocoa appear with airing, sustained by velvety, well-integrated tannins,ushering in a long and harmonious finish.。
Whistleblower Protection Act
Whistleblower Protection ActOrder Code RL33918The Whistleblower Protection Act: An OverviewMarch 12, 2007L. Paige WhitakerLegislative AttorneyAmerican Law DivisionThe Whistleblower Protection Act: An OverviewSummaryThis report discusses the federal statutory protections contained within the Whistleblower Protection Act (WPA) for federal employees who engage in “whistleblowing,” that is, making a disclosure evidencing illegal or improper government activities. The protections of the WPA apply to most federal executive branch employees and become applicable where a “personnel action” is taken “because of” a “protected disclosure” made by a “covered employee.” Generally, whistleblower protections may be raised within four forums or proceedings: (1)emp loyee appeals to the Merit Systems Protection Board of an agency’s adverse action against an employee, known as “Chapter 77” appeals; (2) actions instituted by the Office of Special Counsel; (3) individually maintained rights of action before the Merit Systems Protection Board (known as an individual right of action, or IRA); and (4) grievances brought by the employee under negotiated grievance procedures.On March 9, 2007, the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform reported H.R. 985 (110th Cong.) H.Rept. 110-42, the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2007, which would amend the WPA by providing protections for certain national security, government contractor, and science-based agency whistleblowers, and by enhancing the existing whistleblower protections for all federal employees.ContentsIntroduction and Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Essential Elements Triggering Application of the Whistleblower ProtectionAct (WPA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Covered Employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Protected Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Any Disclosure of Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Reasonable Belief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Subject Matter of Disclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Disclosures to Members of Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Personnel Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Nexus Between a Protected Disclosure and a Personnel Action . . . . . . . . . . 7Other Protected Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Forums Where Whistleblower Protections May Be Raised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 “Chapter 77” Appeals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Actions by the Office of Special Counsel (OSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Investigations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Corrective Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Disciplinary Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Stays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Individual Right of Action (IRA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Negotiated Grievance Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Summary of the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2007(H.R. 985, 110th Congress) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 5 U.S.C. § 1201 nt.The Whistleblower Protection Act:An OverviewIntroduction and BackgroundThe Whistleblower Protection Act (WPA) provides statutory protections forfederal employees who engage in “whistleblowing,” that is, making a disclosureevidencing illegal or improper government activities. The protections of the WPAapply to most federal executive branch employees and become applicable when a“personnel action” is taken “because of” a “protected disclosure” made by a “covered employee.” Generally, whistleblower protections may be raised within four forumsor proceedings: (1) employee appeals to the Merit Systems Protection Board of anagency’s adverse action against an employee, known as “Chapter 77” appeals; (2)actions instituted by the Office of Special Counsel; (3) individually maintained rightsof action before the Merit Systems Protection Board (known as an individual rightof action, or IRA); and (4) grievances brought by the employee under negotiatedgrievance procedures.When Congress first enacted the Whistleblower Protection Act (WPA) in 1989,it stated that the intent of the legislation was to:strengthen and improve protection for the rights of Federal employees, to prevent Reprisals(报复行为), and to help eliminate wrongdoing within the Government by — (1) mandating that employees should not suffer adverse consequences as a result ofprohibited personnel （人员；员工；人事部门）practices; and (2) establishing ... that while disciplining （惩罚，训练）those who commit prohibited personnel practices may be used as a means by which to help accomplish that goal, the protection of individuals who are the subject of prohibited personnel practices remains the paramount（首要的，主要的，最高的）consideration.1The operative（关键词句，最重要的词）statutory protections of the WPA are embodied（表现，象征，具体表现，包括，包含）in its definition of “prohibited personnel practices”:§ 2302. Prohibited personnel practice s(b) Any employee who has authority to take, direct others to take, recommend,or approve any personnel action, shall not, with respect to such authority — ...(8) take or fail to take, or threaten to take or fail to take, a personnel action with respect to any employee or applicant for employment because of —(A) any disclosure of information by an employee or applicant which theemployee or applicant reasonably believes evidences — (i) a violation of anylaw, rule, or regulation, or (ii) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, anabuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety,if such disclosure is not specifically prohibited by law and if such informationCRS-22 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8).3 Id.4 5 U.S.C. § 2302(a)(2)(B).5 5 U.S.C. § 2302(a)(2)(B)(i).6 5 U.S.C. § 2302(a)(2)(B)(ii).7 5 U.S.C. § 2105(e).8 The Central Imagery Office was exempted from coverage with the passage of the 1994 (continued...)is not specifically required by Executive Order to be kept secret in the interestof national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs; or(B) any disclosure to the Special Counsel, or to the Inspector General of anagency or another employee designated by the head of the agency to receive suchdisclosures, of information which the employee or applicant reasonably believesevidences — (i) a violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or (ii) grossmismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantialand specific danger to public health or safety;2Essential Elements Triggering Application of theWhistleblower Protection Act (WPA)In order to trigger the protections of the WPA, a case must contain the followingelements: a personnel action that was taken because of a protected disclosure madeby a covered employee.3Covered EmployeesAlthough anyone may disclose whistleblowing information to the SpecialCounsel for referral(转交，呈交，提供) to the appropriate agency, the Special Counsel may order an investigation and require a report from the head of the agency only if the informationis received from a “covered employee.” In addition, with few exceptions, prohibitedpersonnel practices （禁止的人事措施）apply only to covered employees（所涵盖的雇员）. Hence, as a threshold（门槛，喻开始）matter, it is important to note which federal employees are statutorily （法律上）covered.Generally, current employees, former employees, or applicants for employment to positions in the executive branch of government in both the competitive and the excepted service, as well as positions in the Senior Executive Service, are considered covered employees.4 However, those positions that are excepted from thecompetitive service because of their “confidential, policy-determining, policymaking,or policy-advocating character,”5 and any positions exempted by t hePresident based on a determination that it is necessary and warranted by conditionsof good administration,6 are not protected by the whistleblower statute. Moreover, thestatute does not apply to federal workers employed by the Postal Service or the PostalRate Commission,7 the Government Accountability Office, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, theNational Imagery and Mapping Agency,8 the National Security Agency, and any otherCRS-38 (...continued)WPA amendments. The agency was renamed the “National Imagery and Mapping Agency”with the passage of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997. P.L. 104- 201, § 1122(b)(1).9 5 U.S.C. § 2302(a)(2)(C).10 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8)(A).11 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8)(B).12 5 U.S.C. § 2302(c).13 Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, P.L. 95-454, 92 Stat. 1114.14 S.Rept. 100-413 (1988) at 13.15 795 F.2d 1544 (Fed. Cir. 1986).16 S.Rept. 100-413 (1988) at 13.executive entity that the President determines primarily conducts foreign intelligenceor counter-intelligence activities.9Protected Disclosures“[A]ny disclosure of information” that a covered employee “reasonablybelieves” evidences “a violation of any law, rule, or regulation” or evidences “gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety” is protected on the condition that the disclosure is not prohibited by law nor required to be kept secret by ExecutiveOrder.10 Moreover, “any disclosure” made to the Special Counsel or to the Inspector General of an agency or another employee designated by the head of the agency to receive such disclosures, which the employee “reasonably believes” evidences “aviol ation of any law, rule, or regulation,” or evidences “gross mismanagement, agross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger topublic health or safety” is also protected.11 Agency heads are required to inform their employees of these protections.12Any Disclosure of Information. The WPA expressly provides that “anydisclosure of information” is protected. With enactment of the WPA, Congressamended its statutory predecessor, the Civil Service Reform Act (CSRA).13 In sodoi ng, it changed the phrase “a disclosure” to “any disclosure,” emphasizing the pointthat the courts, the OSC, and the MSPB should not erect barriers to disclosures thatwill limit the necessary flow of information from employees with information of government wrongdoing.14 In the Committee Report accompanying the WPA legislation, the Senate specifically criticized a 1986 decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Fiorello v. Department of Justice,15 where an employee’s disclosures were found not to be protected because the employee’s “primary motivation” was not for the public good, but rather was for personal reasons.16 The court reached this conclusion despite a lack of any indication in theCRS-417 Id.18 H.Rept. 103-769 (1994) at 18.19 S.Rept. 100-413 (1988) at 12.20 Id.21 2 U.S.C. §2302(b)(8)(A).Civil Service Reform Act that employee motives were relevant to deciding whethera disclosure is protected.17Following enactment of the WPA in 1989, case law did not reflect the statutory expansion of “a disclosure” to “any disclosure.” This lack of responsiveness by thecourts and the MSPB was one factor prompting Congress in 1994 to amend the whistleblower statute. As the House report accompanying the 1994 amendmentsnotes:Perhaps the most troubling precedents involve the Board’s inability to understandthat “any” means “any.” The WPA protects “any” disclosure evidencing areasonable belief of specified misconduct, a cornerstone to which the MSPBremains blind. The only restrictions are for classified information or material therelease of which is specifically prohibited by statute. Employees must disclosethat type of information through confidential channels to maintain protection;otherwise there are no exceptions.18Reasonable Belief. For a disclosure to be protected, an employee must havea “reasonable belief” that the information is true. This is substantially a good faith requirement. In theory, the actual veracity of any disclosure does not affect whethera disclosure is protected.19 In addition, for those disclosures enumerated undersection 2302(b)(8)(A) that do not have to be kept confidential, the statute does notspecify to whom the disclosures must be made in order to qualify as protected.20Subject Matter of Disclosure. The statutory language of the whistleblowerprotections requires the disclosure to (a) evidence (i) a violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or (ii) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse ofauthority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety; and (b) notbe prohibited by law or Executive Order, except when the disclosure is made to the Special Counsel or to the Inspector General of an agency or another employee designated by the head of the agency to receive such disclosures.21The WPA limits evidence of mismanagement to only “gross” mismanagement.As explained in the accompanying Senate report,While the Committee is concerned about improving the protection ofwhistleblowers, it is also concerned about the exhaustive administrative andjudicial remedies provided under S. 508 that could be used by employees whohave made disclosures of trivial matters. CSRA specifically established a deminimis standard for disclosures affecting the waste of funds by defining suchdiscl osures as protected only if they involved “a gross waste of funds.” UnderS. 508, the Committee establishes a similar de minimis standard for disclosuresCRS-522 S.Rept. 100-413, supra at 12.23 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(8).24 Id.25 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b). See also 5 U.S.C. § 7211, providing that an employee is guaranteed the right to freely petition or furnish information to Congress, a Member of Congress, a committee, or a Member thereof.26 H.Rept. 95-1717 (Conference Report) (1978), reprinted in 1978 U.S.CODE CONG.&AD. NEWS 2861.of mismanagement by protecting them only if they involve “gross mismanagement.”22Moreover, whistleblowing disclosures that are made public must not contain information the disclosure of which is prohibited by law or which is prohibited by an Executive Order in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs.23 Disclosures that are otherwise “protected” disclosures may be made, however, regardless of statutory Executive Order secrecy requirements, to the Special Counsel or to an Inspector General of an agency or to an employee designated by the agency head to receive disclosures.24Disclosures to Members of Congress. The WPA expressly provides thatthe statute is “not to be construed to authorize ... the taking of any p ersonnel action against an employee who discloses information to the Congress.”25 With this provision of the law, Congress sought to protect its right to receive even “confidential” information from federal employees, without employee fear of reprisals:The provision is intended to make clear that by placing limitations on the kindsof information any employee may publicly disclose without suffering reprisal,there is not intent to limit the information an employee may provide to Congressor to authorize reprisal against an employee for providing information to Congress. For example, 18 U.S.C. 1905 prohibits public disclosure ofinformation involving trade secrets. That statute does not apply to transmittal of such information by an agency to Congress. Section 2302(b)(8) of this act wouldnot protect an employee against reprisal for public disclosure of such statutorily protected information, but it is not to be inferred that an employee is similarlyun-protected if such disclosure is made to the appropriate unit of the Congress. Neither title I nor any other provision of the act should be construed as limitingin any way the rights of employees to communicate with or testify before Congress.26Personnel ActionsThe WPA protects employees from reprisals in the form of an agency taking or failing to take a “personnel action.” This encompasses a broad range of actions byan agency having a negative or adverse impact on the employee. The statute specifically defines the term “personnel action” to include 11 areas of agency activity:CRS-627 5 U.S.C. § 2302(a)(2)(A).(2) For the purpose of this section —(A) “personnel action” means —(i) an appointment;(ii) a promotion;(iii) an action under chapter 75 of this title or otherdisciplinary or corrective action;(iv) a detail, transfer, or reassignment;(v) a reinstatement;(vi) a restoration;(vii) a reemployment;(viii) a performance evaluation under chapter 43 of thistitle;(ix) a decision concerning pay, benefits, or awards, orconcerning education or training if the education ortraining may reasonably be expected to lead to anappointment, promotion, performance evaluation, or otheraction described in this subparagraph;(x) a decision to order psychiatric testing or examination;and(xi) any other significant change in duties, responsibilities,or working conditions;with respect to an employee in, or applicant for, a covered position inan agency, and in the case of an alleged prohibited personnel practicedescribed in subsection (b)(8), an employee or applicant foremployment in a Government corporation as defined in section 9101of title 31.27The final category, (xi), of covered personnel actions was intended to embrace significant actions or changes that, in relation to an employee’s overall duties, responsibilities, or working conditions, are inconsistent with his or her professional qualifications, training, grade, or rank. The conference report accompanying WPA provided a detailed discussion of the types of actions that may fall within or be excluded from the final category of personnel actions:To be covered under this provision a personnel action must be significant, but itneed not be expected to result in a reduction in pay or grade. It must also be inconsistent with an employee’s salary or grade level. Thus, for example, if an individual is currently employed and assigned duties or responsibilitiesconsistent with the individual’s professional training or qualifications for the job,it would constitute a personnel action if the individual were detailed, transferred,or reassigned so that the employee’s new overall duties or responsibilities were inconsistent with the individual’s professional training or qualifications. Or, ifan individual holding decisionmaking responsibilities or supervisory authorityfound that such responsibilities or authority were reduced so that the employee’s responsibilities were inconsistent with his or her salary or grade level, such anaction could constitute a personnel action within the meaning of this subsection.This is not intended to interfere with management’s authority to assignindividuals in accordance with available work, the priorities of the agency, andthe needs of the agency for individuals with particular skills or to establish supervisory relationships. Moreo ver, it is the overall nature of the individual’s responsibilities and duties that is the critical factor. The mere fact that aCRS-728 H.Rept. 95-1717 (Conference Report)(1978) at 128, 129-130, reprinted in 1978 U.S. CODE CONG. & AD. NEWS 2861.29 S.Rept. 100-13 (1988).30 792 F.2d 1246 (4th Cir. 1986).31 802 F.2d 537 (D.C. Cir. 1986).32 S.Rept. 100-413 (1988) at 15.33 Id. at 16.34 Id.35 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(B).particular aspect of an individual’s job assignment has been changed would not constitute a personnel action, without some showing that there has been asignificant impact as described above on the overall nature or quality of his responsibilities or duties.28Nexus Between a Protected Disclosure and aPersonnel ActionThe WPA changed the CSR A’s definition of prohibited reprisals against whistleblowers in such a manner that personnel actions taken “because of” protected conduct are prohibited, rather than personnel actions taken “as a reprisal for”protected conduct, as the original statute provided. The amendment was made because the phrase, “as a reprisal for” had been interpreted to require a showing ofan improper, retaliatory motive on the part of the acting official.29 Indeed, two disciplinary action cases decided prior to the enactment of the WPA, Starrett v. Special Counsel30 and Harvey v. M.S.P.B.,31 required employees to show proof of the acting official’s state of mind. These cases stand for the proposition that reprisal will not be found even if an agency’s actions against an employe e were based on factors arising from protected whistleblowing activities, so long as the agency officials were motivated by valid management reasons and not by any intent to “punish” the employee.32 With the definition of “because of,” Congress intended th at a showingof the official’s state of mind is no longer required. As stated in the Senate report accompanying the WPA legislation, “[r]egardless of the official’s motives, personnel actions against employees should quite simply not be based on protected activities such as whistleblowing.”33 The WPA also expanded the CSRA definition of prohibited reprisal against whistleblowers to include “threats to take or fail to take”a personnel action against a whistleblower.34Other Protected ActivitiesThe WPA also expressly protects employees from prohibited personnel practices taken because they engaged in activities that are often related to whistleblowing, including testifying for others or lawfully assisting others exercise any appeal, complaint, or grievance right;35 cooperating with or disclosing information to an CRS-836 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(C).37 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(D).38 5 U.S.C. § 2302(b)(9)(A).39 5 U.S.C. § 7701.40 5 U.S.C. §§ 1211-1215.41 5 U.S.C. § 1221.43 See 5 U.S.C. § 7121(g)(2).44 5 U.S.C. § 7701, 5 U.S.C. § 1205.45 5 U.S.C. § 7513(a). See 5 U.S.C. § 7513(d) as to appealability under § 7701.46 5 U.S.C. § 4303(a). See 5 U.S.C. § 4303(e) as to appealability to the MSPB under § 7701. Inspector General or Special Counsel;36 or for refusing to obey an order that wouldviolate the law.37 In addition, employees are also protected from prohibited personnel practices taken because they exercised any appeal, complaint, or grievance rightgranted by any law, rule, or regulation.38Forums Where Whistleblower Protections MayBe RaisedThere are four general forums or proceedings where whistleblower protectionsmay be raised: (A) in employee appeals to the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) of an agency’s adverse action against the employee, known as “Chapter 77”appeals;39 (B) in actions instituted by the Office of Special Counsel (OSC);40 (C) in individual rights of action;41 and (D) in grievances brought by the employee under negotiated grievance procedures.42 As a result of the 1994 WPA amendments, an aggrieved employee affected by a prohibited personnel action is precluded fromchoosing more than one of the above remedies.43“Chapter 77” AppealsThe MSPB is authorized to hear and rule on appeals by employees regardingagency actions affecting the employee and which are appealable to the Board by law,rule, or regulation.44 Types of agency actions against employees that are appealableto the MSPB and in which an employee may raise the defense of reprisal for whistleblowing as a “prohibited personnel practice” include adverse actions againstthe employee for “such cause as will promote the efficiency of the service” (generally referred to as conduct-based adverse actions),45 and performance-based adverseactions against employees f or “unacceptable performance.”46 In such appeals, an agency’s decision and action will not be upheld if the employee “shows that thedecision was based on any prohibited personnel practice described in section 2302(b)CRS-947 5 U.S.C. § 7701(c)(2)(B).48 5 U.S.C. § 7701(b)(2)(A).49 5 U.S.C. § 1212(c)(2).50 5 U.S.C. § 1211(a). This section established the Office of Special Counsel (OSC), and provided that it will be headed by the Special Counsel and have a judicially noted official seal. The Senate report states that although the MSPB and the OSC had “separated themselves administratively in 1984,” the whistleblower legislation “completes this process by establishing the OSC as an independent agency.” S.Rept. 100-413 at 18. Moreover, the statute provides that the Special Counsel, appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, may only be removed from office for “inefficiency, neglect of duty,or malfeasance in office.” 5 U.S.C. § 1211(b).51 5 U.S.C. § 1212(a)(2).52 5 U.S.C. § 1214(a)(5).54 5 U.S.C. § 1214(b)(2).55 5 U.S.C. § 1215(b).56 5 U.S.C. § 1212(c).of this title.”47 If the MSPB finds that an employee or applicant for employment has prevailed in an appeal, the employee or applicant may be provided with interimrelief, pending the outcome of any petition of review.48 Moreover, the SpecialCounsel may not intervene in a “Chapter 77” appeal without the consent of theindividual bringing the appeal.49Actions by the Office of Special Counsel (OSC)The WPA established the OSC as an agency independent from the MSPB.50 Itsprimary responsibilities, however, have remained essentially the same as set forth inits statutory predecessor, the CSRA. With the goal of protecting employees, former employees, and applicants for employment from prohibited personnel practices, theOSC has the duty to receive allegations of prohibited personnel practices and to investigate such allegations,51 as well as to conduct an investigation of possible prohibited personnel practices on its own initiative, absent any allegation.52The Special Counsel has several avenues available through which to pursueallegations, complaints, and evidences of reprisals for whistleblowing activities,including (1) requiring agency investigations and agency reports concerning actionsthe agency is planning to take to rectify those matters referred;53 (2) seeking an orderfor “corrective action” by the agency before the MSPB;54 (3) seeking “disciplinary action” against officers and employees who have com mitted prohibited personnel practices;55 (4) intervening in any proceedings before the MSPB, except that in cases where an individual has brought an individual right of action (IRA) under Section1221 or a Chapter 77 appeal, the OSC must first obtain the i ndividual’s consent;56CRS-1057 5 U.S.C. § 1212(b)(1).58 In addition to investigating whether prohibited personnel actions have been taken because of protected whistleblowing disclosures, the WPA also charges the OSC with investigating whether there is a “substantial likelihood” that whistleblowing disclosures evidence violations of a law, rule or regulation. See 5 U.S.C. §1213(b).59 5 U.S.C. § 1214(b)(2)(A)(i).60 5 U.S.C. § 1213(c)(2).61 5 U.S.C. § 1213(c)(1).62 5 U.S.C. § 1213(h).63 5 U.S.C. § 1213(e)(2).64 5 U.S.C. § 1213(e)(3).65 5 U.S.C. § 1213(e)(1).66 5 U.S.C. § 1213(g)(2).67 5 U.S.C. § 1213(g)(1).68 5 U.S.C. § 1213(f).and (5) seeking a stay from the MSPB for any personnel action pending an investigation.57。
中国渔业节能减排状况及发展建议
摘要:进入 21 世纪,中国渔业得到了更加快速的发展,也取得了一些令人瞩目的成绩,极大地弥补了优质蛋 白源短缺,为中国粮食安全提供了重要保障。 但是,渔业是一个对能源和资源有较大依赖的行业,在快速发 展的同时,也付出环境和能耗的代价,粗放的生产模式,给周围环境带来赤潮、水华等负面影响,渔船燃油生 产性成本投入已超过捕捞总成本的 2 / 3,这已经成为制约渔业可持续发展主要障碍。 党的十八大报告提出 大力推进生态文明建设,为渔业的发展指明了方向。 本文重点介绍了国内外水产养殖、水产捕捞、水产品加 工领域的节能减排发展情况。 与国外渔业发达国家相比,国内在渔业这 3 个领域的节能减排研究应用起步 较晚、基础较弱,但发展较快、成果较好,节能减排的动力和潜力也较大。 同时,对今后的发展提出了建议:一 是积极采取措施,促进生产方式向节能减排方向转变;二是加强基础性、关键性技术研究,推进传统生产方式 转型升级;三是加强新产品、新技术的示范推广,建立引领性水产高效生产新模式。 本研究以期为渔业转型 升级,走节能减排绿色可持续发展之路提供参考。 关键词:渔业;水产养殖;水产捕捞;水产品加工;节能减排;发展;建议 中图分类号:S969 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1007-9580(2021)03-0010-08
养殖模式方面,主要 是 通 过 构 建 鱼 - 微 生 物、 渔农结合等方式,实现养殖尾水的零排放。 “ 十 三五” 期间,在全国形成许多新的模式,尤其是在 全国淡水渔业主产区,采用了池塘设施化工程技 术、池塘环境生态设施与装备技术等,形成了黄河 滩涂提质增效型养殖模式等绿色高效养殖典型模 式,并以此为基础建立 14 个养殖模式示范点( 表 1) ,取得良好的经济和示范效果。
工程英语词汇
观察 243 造斜钻进 244 装井口 245 拆井口 246 炸钻具 247 试压 248 待命 249 处理井下井喷事故 250 防喷 251 等打捞工具 252 光钻杆 253 spot cement pleg on bottom 打水泥塞 254 waiting on cement 候凝 255 stand by at shoe 到套管鞋 256 continue runuing in 继续下钻 257 ream down to 划眼到 258 fill up 充填 259 start running casing 开始下套管 260 mix and pump spacer 注入混合隔离液 261 first stage 第一阶段 262 cementation and displacement 固井堵水泥 263 free fall plug 自由落下的塞子 264 tubing 油管 265 hammered 30" conductor 锤击30"套管 266 nipple up well head 按装井口 267 opened hole 扩眼 268 wiper tgip 通井 269 POH to chang BHA 起钻更换钻具组合 270 nipple up BOP 装防喷器 271 test BOP 试防喷器 272 drill out cement 钻穿水泥塞 273 resume drilling 恢复钻进 274 hole bridge 井中砂桥 275 condtion well for logging 为测井调整井眼 276 no fill 无冲填 277 lay down 下入 278 rig down 拆卸 279 finish runing in casing 结束下套管 280 first stage cementation 第一阶段固井 281 displace cement 替水泥 282 to open DV WOC 打开双级注水泥接头 283 cut casing rig down bell nipple 切割套管拆掉喇八口 284 nipple down hydrill 卸下旋转防喷器 285 set well head nipple up BOP 装井口及防喷器 286 BOP pressure test 防喷器试压 287 run deviation svrvey 井斜测井 288 due to perssure dropping 由于压力下降 289 POH to check 起钻检查 290 ream core hole 扩岩心眼 291 derease 减少 292 core barrel 岩心筒 293 increase 增加 294 change nozzles on bit 换钻头水眼 295 no lossese 无漏失 296
直接稀释-UPLC-QTOF-MS_法快速测定辣椒粉中20_种合成染料
引用格式：贺光云, 韩梅, 邱世婷, 等. 直接稀释-UPLC-QTOF-MS 法快速测定辣椒粉中20种合成染料[J]. 中国测试，2023,49(11): 110-118. HE Guangyun, HAN Mei, QIU Shiting, et al. Rapid determination of twenty synthetic dyes in chilli powders by a dilute-and-shoot approach coupled with UPLC-QTOF-MS[J]. China Measurement & Test, 2023, 49(11): 110-118. DOI :10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2022050072直接稀释-UPLC-QTOF-MS 法快速测定辣椒粉中20种合成染料贺光云1,2， 韩 梅1,2， 邱世婷1,2， 吴亚姗3， 李 莹1,2， 覃蜀迪1,2，夏斯琪1,2， 陈思宇4， 侯 雪1,2， 付才力4(1. 四川省农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所，四川 成都 610066; 2. 农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室（成都），四川 成都 610066; 3. 四川省农产品质量安全中心，四川 成都 610041; 4. 新加坡国立大学苏州研究院，江苏 苏州 215000)摘 要: 采用直接稀释前处理法，结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联飞行时间质谱（UPLC-QTOF-MS ），对辣椒粉中苏丹红等20种禁用合成染料进行快速分析。
该方法以水/乙腈/丙酮（v/v/v =2/3/3）混合体系为提取溶剂，提取液未经净化，用0.1%甲酸甲醇溶液稀释5倍后进行UPLC-QTOF-MS 分析，在8 min 内实现20种染料的良好分离及检测，定量限（LOQ ）为1~40 μg/kg ，回收率为54.72%~117.77%，RSD 在0.56%~16.27%范围，满足检测要求。
原发性醛固酮增多症(中英文
• 原醛症病人一般服用安体舒通1周后，尿 钾减少、血钾上升、血浆CO2结合力下 降，肌无力、四肢麻木等症状改善，夜 尿减少，约半数病人血压有下降趋势。
原醛的筛查
• 立，卧位的血ARR=ALDO/PRA。各种文 献对比值报道不一，>25可疑， > 50可能 性大。
• 如果同时运用下述标准:ALDO/PRA>30, ALDO>20ng/dl, 其诊断原醛的灵敏性为 90%，特异性为91% 。
原醛的确诊
FST
氟氢可的松0.1mg q6h，共4天 ➢测定立位ALDO>60pg/dl，立位PRA ＜1.0ng/ml ➢尿钠的排泄>3 mmol/kg/天 ➢血K正常。 ➢服药4天后10Am的血浆皮质醇必须低于7Am 的
皮质醇
盐负荷试验
• 静脉和口服 • 静脉：生理盐水2L，4小时内静注完，测
定血ALDO >5ng/dl，PA确诊。 • 口服：高钠饮食3天（300mmol钠/d），
测定24小时尿ALDO >10µg/d， PA确诊
盐负荷试验
• 高钠试验正常人及高血压病人血钾无明 显变化，原醛症患者血钾可降至3．5毫 摩尔/升以下
Schimenbach, Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Sep;20(3):369-84
机制
肾上腺皮质病变Aldo↑储NA排K 血容量↑ PRA↓
自主性
低K
BP↑
临床特点
1.BP↑ : 血容量↑,平滑肌内NA↑,Aldo增加血 管对NAR的反应. 最早最常见,病程进展, BP逐渐↑,轻中度.以DBP ↑为主 伴头晕,头痛.
type I) • FH type II (APA or IHA)
造翼者音乐中的英文及翻译
注：根据论坛网友及豆瓣小组的相关帖子整理而成。
wingmakers音乐中的英文翻译汇总第九室(Chamber 9)3:49- The time has come to lift your gaze from the fire's brightness and cast shadows of your own.时间到了将你的目光从火的亮光中抬起并抛出你自己的影子的时候。
4:50- Another mouth, another hand, another mind open.另一张嘴，另一只手，另一种意识的打开第十室(Chamber 10 )第一部分6:12- Their power is so great that their naked souls would scorch the Earth. 他们的力量如此强大，他们赤裸的灵魂甚至能将大地烤焦。
第二部分0:12- Open me... take me from here to there... let the wind blow my hair and the earth's skin touch me. (from the chamber 10 poem “Downstream”) 打开我，将我带往各个地方...让风吹起我的头发，让大地的肌肤触摸我。
（第十室诗“顺流而下）3:03- Tell me the truth now. Never will，never will. Tell me the truth now. Never will，never will.现在就告诉我真相。
永远不会，永远不会。
现在就告诉我真相，永不，永不。
20:07- What is found here can never be formed of words. (from the chamber 10 poem “What is Found Here”)从这里找到的从未能用字眼来形容。
EmboTrap设备使用说明书
Introduction EXCELLENT(NCT03685578)is a prospective, single-arm,multicenter,real-world international registry of mechanical thrombectomy(MT)for stroke with the EmboTrap device as first line treatment.The study entails thrombus anal-ysis of specimens collected with each MT pass.Aim of the Study T o compare rates of mRS0–2at90days and clot characteristics in subjects with and without first pass effect(FPE).Methods FPE was defined as mTICI2c/3after one pass and non-FPE as mTICI2c/3after>1pass as adjudicated by an independent core lab.Clot analysis was performed by inde-pendent central labs blinded to clinical data.mRS at90days was scored by investigators blinded to procedural data. Results Overall mTICI2c/3rates were63.7%(326/512).FPE was achieved in37.1%(190/512)and non-FPE in26.6% (136/512)subjects.90day mRS0–2or equal to pre-stroke was achieved in47.2%(75/159)with FPE and in42.1%(51/ 121)non-FPE patients.All-cause90-day mortality was19.1% (34/178)in subjects with FPE and26.4%(34/129)in subjects with non-FPE.Major thrombus components(mean%±SD) were as follows:RBC:FPE45.88±20.54,non-FPE39.08±18.23,and first pass mTICI<2c/340.96±18.84;Fibrin:FPE 24.72±13.82,non-FPE29.09±15.76first pass mTICI<2c/3 29.20±14.58.Conclusions The high rate of‘real-world’FPE observed in EXCELLENT was associated with improved clinical outcomes. Clots retrieved with FPE had higher RBC and lower fibrin content compared to non FPE and to first pass mTICI<2c/3 e.These preliminary findings await confirmation from analysis of the full dataset.Disclosure EXCELLENT is sponsored by Cerenovus.Dr.Jovin is a consultant for Neuravi,Codman Neurovascular,Stryker (PI DAWN;unpaid),Fundacio Ictus(PI REVASCAT;unpaid), and holds stock in Anaconda,Silk Road,and Blockade Medical.EP47*INVESTIGATION OF CURRENT AND NOVEL TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR ICA AND MCA OCCLUSIONS IN AN IN-VITRO THROMBECTOMY MODEL1RG Nogueira,2J Thornton,3L Mullins,4S Fitzgerald.1Neurology,Grady Memorial Hospital and Emory University,Atlanta,GA,USA;2Radiology,Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons Ireland,Dublin;3Perfuze Ltd;4Physiology,National University of Ireland Galway,Galway,Ireland10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-ESMINT.46Introduction Various mechanical thrombectomy devices and techniques including Stentrievers and Aspiration Catheters are used in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.1Balloon Guide Catheters(BGC)are commonly used to achieve flow control.A new generation of‘Super-bore’088’’catheters are currently being tested clinically.23Objective/Aim We evaluated the in-vitro revascularization per-formance of current and novel thrombectomy approaches. Methods National University of Ireland Galway Research Ethics Committee approved the study.Clot analogues from human blood were used to create ICA(20mm)and MCA (10mm)occlusions in an In-vitro thrombectomy model. Thrombectomy setups tested were;ADAPT:Millipede088, SOFIA,SOFIA+BGC and Combination;Millipede088+Soli-itaire,SOFIA+BGC+Solitaire,SOFIA+Solitaire.10replicates of each test were performed.Endpoints were First Pass Effect (FPE),Second and Third-pass success and procedural-related distal emboli from50–1000m m.Results The Millipede088catheter achieved the highest rate of FPE in both ICA(60%)and MCA(100%)occlusions and had the lowest number of procedural-related emboli compared to all other device setups,followed by the Millipede088 +Solitaire technique.Of the currently used techniques,the use of a Solitaire in combination with a SOFIA lead to a higher rate of FPE in ICA occlusions(40%vs20%,SOFIA +BGC+Solitaire vs SOFIA+BGC),but a lower rate of FPE in MCA occlusions(50%vs60%,SOFIA+BGC+Solitaire vs SOFIA+BGC).Conclusions The novel0.088’’aspiration catheter achieves the best FPE rates in both ICA and MCA occlusions.In terms of existing techniques,ADAPT is more effective in the MCA, while the stentrievers provide a benefit in the ICA. REFERENCES1.Hafeez MU,Kan P,Srivatsan A,Moore S,Jafari M,DeLaGarza C,et pari-son of first-pass efficacy among four mechanical thrombectomy techniques:a sin-gle-center experience.World Neurosurgery2020;144:e533–e40.2.Gershon BS,Bageac DV,Shigematsu T,Majidi S,De Leacy R.Republished:firstclinical report of aspiration through a novel0.088-inch catheter positioned in the M1middle cerebral artery for ELVO thrombectomy.Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery2021;13(4):e4–e.3.Nogueira RG,Mohammaden MH,Al-Bayati AR,Frankel MR,Haussen DC.Prelimi-nary experience with088large bore intracranial catheters during stroke thrombec-tomy.Interventional Neuroradiology2020:1591019920982219.Disclosure Seán Fitzgerald received research funding from Enterprise Ireland that is co-funded by Perfuze Ltd.Liam Mullins declares the following competing interest;Perfuze (stock options).John Thornton declares the following compet-ing interests;Perfuze(Physician Advisory Board,stock options);Consultancy fees:Microvention,Johnson and John-sons.Raul G.Nogueira declares the following competing interests:consulting fees for advisory roles with Anaconda, Biogen,Cerenovus,Genentech,Imperative Care,Medtronic, Phenox,Prolong Pharmaceuticals,Stryker Neurovascular and stock options for advisory roles with Astrocyte,Brainomix, Cerebrotech,Ceretrieve,Corindus Vascular Robotics,Vesalio, Viz-AI,and Perfuze.EP48*SAFETY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF MECHANICALTHROMBECTOMY FOR PRIMARY ISOLATED DISTALVESSEL OCCLUSIONS:A MONOCENTRIC RETROSPECTIVECOMPARATIVE STUDY1,2M Elhorany,3C Rosso,4E Shotar,3F Baronnet-Chauvet,4K Premat,4S Lenck,3S Crozier, 4C Corcy,5L Bottin,6O Yassin Mansour,7E-S Ali Tag El-din,7W Ahmed Fadel,4N Antoine Sourour,5S Alamowitch,3Y Samson,4F Clarençon.1Department of Neuroradiology.Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital,Paris,France;2Department of Neurology.Faculty of Medicine,Tanta University,Tanta,Egypt;3AP-HP,Urgences Cérébro-Vasculaires,Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, DMU Neuroscience,75013;4Department of Neuroradiology,Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital; 5Department of Vascular Neurology,Saint-Antoine Hospital,Paris,France;6Department of Neurology,Faculty of Medicine,Alexandria University,Alexandria;7Department of Neurology,Faculty of Medicine,Tanta University,Tanta,Egypt10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-ESMINT.47Background Distal vessel occlusions represent about25–40% of acute ischemic stroke(AIS),either as primary occlusion or secondary occlusion complicating mechanical thrombectomy (MT)for large vessel occlusion.Objective Our aim was to evaluate safety and effectiveness of MT associated with the best medical treatment(BMT)in theJ NeuroIntervent Surg2021;13(Suppl2):A1–A29A19copyright. on December 24, 2023 by guest. Protected by / J NeuroIntervent Surg: first published as 10.1136/neurintsurg-2021-ESMINT.46 on 24 August 2021. Downloaded from。
监视资本主义纪录片歌曲
监视资本主义纪录片歌曲以下是一些常见的监视资本主义主题纪录片中使用的歌曲：1. "Money" - Pink Floyd（来自纪录片《The Money Masters》）2. "For What It's Worth" - Buffalo Springfield（来自纪录片《War Made Easy: How Presidents & Pundits Keep Spinning Us to Death》）3. "Killing Me Softly with His Song" - Roberta Flack（来自纪录片《The Corporation》）4. "Gimme Shelter" - The Rolling Stones（来自纪录片《The Shock Doctrine》）5. "Revolution" - The Beatles（来自纪录片《The Century of the Self》）6. "Wealth Won't Save Your Soul" - Hank Williams（来自纪录片《The True Cost》）7. "Times They Are a-Changin'" - Bob Dylan（来自纪录片《Inequality for All》）8. "Money's Too Tight (to Mention)" - Simply Red（来自纪录片《Billion Dollar Bully》）9. "Down by the River" - Neil Young（来自纪录片《Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room》）10. "Kill the Poor" - Dead Kennedys（来自纪录片《Capitalism:A Love Story》）这只是一些例子，实际上，每部纪录片都有自己独特的音乐配乐选择，具体取决于其风格和主题。
苹果生长对环境条
二、中国苹果产区概述
（一）渤海湾产区 （二）中部苹果产区 （三）东北小苹果
产区 （四）西北苹果产区 （五）西南高地苹果
产区 （六）江南暖地苹果
产区
N. L. Y.R.B
BG
BG
BG
பைடு நூலகம்
Shandong
B.G.—Bohai Gulf
N.L.---Northwest Loess
Y.R.B.---Yellow River 第2页/共17页 Basin
云南海棠，锡金海棠，湖北海棠等。
第13页/共17页
（六）江南暖地苹果产区
1 立地条件 年均温15以上；降水量1000－－ 1500mm。
2 品种 金冠 3 产量 0.8%.
第14页/共17页
国内外部分苹果主产区的生态指标
产区名称
最适宜区 黄土高原区 渤海 近海亚区 湾区 内陆亚区 黄河故道 西南高原区 北部寒冷区 美国华盛顿产区
（2）秦岭北麓：渭河两岸，河南西部及湖北的西北部。 年均温：13－14 ˚C ，1月份平均气温大于0 ˚C 。 7月份平均气温：26－27 ˚C 。 年降雨量：600毫米左右，有效积温：3600－4000 ˚C 。 海拔400－800米。
2.品种组成：富士
第5页/共17页
(三) 东北小苹果产区
1 、立地条件: 年均温6—8; 1月份平均气温 -12以下; 7月份：20—23;
Growin g region
Bohai Gulf
Northwest Loess
Ye l l o w River
Basin
Annual precipita tion(mm)
650— 800
572— 664
ENI Whistleblowing Reporting通道说明书
HOW TO SUBMIT A WHISTLEBLOWING REPORT?Reporting channelsweb*https://https://ordinaEni SpA,Who can make a Whistleblowing Report?Eni’s People,stakeholders and other third parties,who witnessed an offence or an irregularityin volvin g En i person n el. En i’s People in cludes: directors,executives,other members of thecorporate and watch structures,Eni management and employees,third parties such as businesspartners,customers,suppliers of products or services,auditing companies,consultants,agents,individuals acting on behalf of the organization,collaborators,etc. The stakeholders are all peoplehaving a legitimate interest in the corporate business (such as shareholders,members of localcommunities and other stakeholders,etc.).How can you make a Whistleblowing Report?The whistleblowing report shall be sufficiently detailed so as to enable the facts reported to beascertained. To this end,it shall include at least the following information: (i) description of thematter reported; (ii) persons (physical or legal persons) involved; (iii) Eni company where thematter occurred and the period; (iv) how the matter was discovered and iv) any other personswho may have information relevant to the matter and related details.The Whistleblowin g Report shall be sen t through the appropriate chan n els,in dicated below,privileging,where possible,the web which is considered suitable to guarantee the confidentialityof the identity of the whistleblower through IT tools.Guarantee of confidentiality and anonymityEni guarantees the utmost confidentiality on the persons and facts reported,as well as on thedata identifying the whistleblower.You can make an anonymous reportEni will asses all whistleblowing reports signed by the whistleblower,treating them in a strictlyconfidential manner. Anonymous reports will also be processed,except for those it is difficult orimpossible to contact,where necessary,the reporter to ask for his cooperation and to obtainfurther information useful for the verification of the reported facts.What will Eni do once the report is received?A Eni dedicated Team shall asses the communications received in order to identify among thesethe Whistleblowing Reports to be investigated,in order to verify the information reported thereinan d to take the most appropriate measures (adoption of preven tion,mitigation,san ction in gmeasures,etc.).Prohibition of retaliatory or discriminatory actsThe whistleblower may not be fired,nor may he/she be subjected to any change of job or besuspended,transferred or subjected to any other organizational measure that has a direct orindirect negative effect on working conditions,or threatened,harassed or discriminated againstin any way,for having made a Whistleblowing Report in good faith.Illicit ReportsIn case of un foun ded reports made in bad faith or with extreme n egligen ce (so called “IllicitReports”),Eni reserves the right to act in defence of its interests and to protect the injured parties.In order to protect the image an d reputation of people who were un justly reported,En i willguarantee the application of the disciplinary sanctions,also toward the whistleblower.Processing of personal data ("Data")Data will be processed in complian ce with applicable person al data protection regulation s.I n formatio n o n E n i's purposes a n d methods of data processi n g is available athttps:///en-IT/about-us/governance/reporting-form.html.Eni voicemail free-phone numbers for Whistleblowing Reports by Country:COUNTRY PHONE NUMBERA GOLA 227280343ARGEN TIN A 8009994930AUSTRALIA 18006432491800705006AUSTRIA 800298468BELGIUM 80079444BRAZIL 08008924109CAN ADA 184********CHIN A 108007390035CO GO 064000010CROATIA 0800223079CYPRUS 80095603CZECH REPUBLIC 800142872DEN MARK 80253307ECUADOR 1800000619EGYPT 08000009275FRAN CE 0800906204GABON 0024101794575*GERMAN Y 80070738GHANA 242426090GREECE 800391296762HUN GARY 0680021188INDIA 0008004405245INDONESIA 0018038529238IRELAN D 1800200366ITALY 8006020099KAZAKHSTAN 88005557016KENYA 207602916KUWAIT 22286846LUXEMBOURG 80024179MALAYSIA 180********MAL TA 80062753MEXICO 018001239530MOROCCO 8558215051MOZAMBIQUE 0025821344599*NETHERLANDS 08000232091NIGERIA 7080601025N ORWAY 80010616OMAN 80074214PAKISTAN 0080090044260POLAN D 008003911269PORTUGAL 800839698QATAR 00800100396ROMANIA 0800896510RUSSIA 80071999SAUDI ARABIA 8008443164SINGAPORE 8003911026SLOVAKIA 0800003907SLOVENIA 080081600SOUTH COREA 0079839173525SPAIN 900936940SWITZERLAN D 800563242THAILAN D 1800011960THE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 80004449434THE USA Voice0018323250272Fax 0018323250273TURKEY 00800448820762UKRAIN E 0800609839UNITED KINGDOM 808234262608000157123VEN EZUELA 80090738VIETNAM 1203244712280462* Local toll number For further informations Annex C “Whistleblowing reports received,including anonymously,by Eni SpAand by its subsidiaries in Italy and abroad” to the MSG “Internal Control and Risk Management System”Conducts in violation of Code of Ethics, any lawsregulations, provisions of Authorities, internalregulations, Model 231 or Compliance Modelsfor foreign subsidiaries , that may cause damageor prejudice to Eni, even if only to its public image.The cases other than those above are not managedas Whistleblowing Reports.。
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September 15, 2010 November 8, 2010 August 6, 2010 May 17, 2010 May 1, 2010 March 1, 2010
10-06 Revised cancelled, see PD 11-04 10-06 cancelled, see PD 11-04
Subject
Effective Date
Respiratory Protection Standard - Assigned Protection Factors Construction Worksite Targeting Procedures Plan Amendment & Appendix A to Hexavalent Chromium Complaint Policies & Procedures Corrections and technical amendments to Roll-Over Protective Structures Corrections to Hexavalent Chromium Reorganization of operational structure - add a compliance assistance specialist Amendment to Hexavalent Chromium Site Specific Targeting - partially adopted Chimney variance to companies engaged in building and maintenance on industrial chimneys Corrections and Technical amendment to 1910 & 1926 cancelled - see 12-05 Hexavalent Chromium Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS) Steel Erection- slip resistance of skeletal structural steel State-initiated management reorganization - Regulations Spec II for Admin Ass't SHARP small site pilot project extension & renewal Exemption from scheduled enforcement inspections - clarification on procedures used by consultants National Consensus Standards: Hazardous Materials; Flammable & Combustible Liquids; Temporary Labor Camp Gen. Environmental Controls; Guarding of Hand & cancelled, see PD 12-04 Needlestick: Safety devices & sharps for prevention of bloodborne pathogens in healthcare employees OSHA E-Correspondence Policies and Procedures Fatality / Catastrophe Inspection Procedures Recordkeeping Policies and Procedures Manual Enforcement Exemptions and Limitations under the Appropriations Act Standards Improvement Project, Phase II - Hazardous Substances, Occupational Safety and Health, Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements Methylenedianiline (MDA) Standard for Construction OSHA Strategic Partnership Program for Worker Safety & Health Voided Consultation Policy and Procedures Manual - new chapters and updates
AKOSH Program Directive # 10-05 10-04
Subject Enforcement Procedures for High to Very High Occupational Exposure Risk to 2009 H1N1 Influenza Revising Standards Referenced in the Acetylene Standard
Subject
Effective Date
REVISED- Whistleblower Investigation Manual Inspection and Citation Guidance for Roadway and Highway Construction Work Zones High Hazard Targeting System (HHT) National Emphasis Program - Nursing and Residential Care Facilities Communicating AKOSH Fatality Inspection Procedures to Victim’s Family PSM Covered Chemical Facilities NEP State specific partnership between AKOSH, OSHA & Trident Seafoods cancelled, see PD 13-04 Field Operations Manual Commercial Diving Operations AKOSH Enforcement Procedures at VPP and SHARP Sites Compliance Policy for Manufacture, Storage, Sale, Handling, use and Display of Pyrotechnics Enforcement Guidance for Investigating/Inspecting Workplace Violence Hazards High Hazard Targeting System Enforcement Guidance for Personal Protective Equipment Compliance Guidance for Residential Construction Medical Records Handling Protocol Revision of Notification Requirements In Exposure Determination Provisions of the Hexavalent Chromium Standards cancelled, see PD 12-06 Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP) Cranes and Derricks in Construction Policies and Procedures for Revision of a National Emphasis Program on Amputations Safety Standards for Steel Erection - Technical Amendment AKOSH National Emphasis Program - Hexavalent Chromium AKOSH Injury and Illness Recordkeeping
AKOSH Program Directive # 07-07 07-06 07-05 07-04 07-03 07-02 07-01 06-14 06-13 06-12 06-11 06-10 06-09 06-08 06-07 06-06 06-05 06-04 06-03 06-02 06-01 05-12 05-11 05-10 05-09 05-08 05-07 05-06 05-05 05-04
July 26, 2013 June 14, 2013 April 19, 2013 October 2, 2012 August 6, 2012 August 3, 2012 July 27, 2012 June 27, 2012 June 1, 2012 December 23, 2011 November 17, 2011 November 4, 2011 September 8, 2011 April 5, 2011 August 10, 2011 June 16, 2011 February 4, 2011 November 14, 2010
Effective Date
December 31, 2009 November 9, 2009
10-03 Revised cancelled, see PD 12-03 10-03 10-02 10-01 09-03 09-02 09-01 08-12 08-11 08-10 08-09 08-08 08-07 08-06 08-05 08-04 08-03 08-02 08-01 07-15 07-14 07-13 07-12 07-11 07-10 07-09 07-08 cancelled, see PD 12-03 PSM Covered Chemical facilities National Emphasis Program Updating OSHA Personal Protective Equipment Standards Based on National Consensus Standards Clarification of Employer Duty to Provide PPE and Train Employees AKOSH Initial Training Program for Compliance Personnel AKOSH National Emphasis Program - Lead Voluntary Protection Programs (VPP): Policies and Procedures Manual Control of Hazardous Energy National Emphasis Program - Crystalline Silica Inspection Procedures for the Chromium (VI) Standards Updating OSHA Standards Based on National Consensus Standards Consultation Policies and Procedures Manual Employer Payment for Personal Protective Equipment AKOSH Alternative Payment Program Slide-locks: Enforcement Policy, Inspection Procedures and Performance Guidance Criteria Emergency Response to Hazardous Substance Releases Implementation of Priority System for AKOSH Consultation Requests Clarification of 8 AAC 61.425 - Exemption from scheduled enforcement inspections; procedures used by consultants to address the requirements Fundamentals of a Workplace First-Aid Program Cancellation of PD 91-06 Guidelines for First Aid Training Programs AKOSH Alliance Program AKOSH Partnership Program Electrical Installation Consultation Policies and Procedures Manual Changes (Chapter 7 & 8) Policies and Procedures for Implementing a National Emphasis on Amputations Commercial Diving Operations December 31, 2009 October 9, 2009 February 16, 2009 February 2, 2009 January 31, 2009 September 22, 2008 August 11, 2008 July 24, 2008 July 24, 2008 May 17, 2008 March 3, 2008 February 1, 2008 December 28, 2007 October 26, 2007 October 26, 2007 September 17, 2007 September 17, 2007 June 29, 2007 June 29, 2007 April 17, 2007 April 17, 2007 August 13, 2007 December 14, 2006 October 27, 2006 August 11, 2006