人教版八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结归纳

人教版初二上册英语学问点总结归纳
八年级〔初二〕上册英语语法、短语和学问点总结归纳
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
本单元的话题：谈论假期活动内容，复习一般过去时。

本单元的语法：1.复习一般过去时;2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。

2.不定代词和不定副词的用法：
(1)左边的some、any、every、no 与右边的body、one、thing 构成不定代词，some、any、every、no 与右边的疑问副词where 构成不定副词;
(2)一般状况下以some 开头的不定代词和不定副词用于确定句，以any 开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否认句、疑问句;以no 开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否认含义(no one 为两个单词);
(3)不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时，形容词放在后面。

He has something important to do. 他有重要的事情要做。

(确定句用something，形容词important 放后)
Did you buy anything special? (一般疑问句用anything，形容词special 放后)
Did you go anywhere interesting last month? 上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗?
(一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere，形容词interesting 放后)
(4)不定代词和不定副词做主语时，后面的动词用单数形式。

Everone is here today.今日每个人都在这里。

本单元的短语和学问点：
1.go on vacation 去度假go to the mountains 上山/进山
2.s tay at home 呆在家go to the beach 去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp 去参观夏令营
3. study for tests 为考试而学习\备考go out 出去
4. quite a few 相当多,不少(后跟可数名词复数)take photos 照相most of the time大局部时间
5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物
6.taste good. 尝起来很好
taste(尝起来)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)为感官动词，后跟形容词
7.h ave a good\great\fun time 过得快活，玩得开心(=enjoy oneself) 8. go shopping 去购物9. nothing…but+动词原形：除了……之外什么都没有
He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。

10.seem to do sth:好似… I seem to know him.我好似生疏他。

seem+(to be)+形容词：看起来…The work seems(to be)easy.这工作看起来很简洁。

11.k eep a diary 记日记
12.in+大地方：到达某地(get to +地方：到达某地)
arrive at+小地方：到达某地(get 的过去式为got)
假设是arrive 和get 后跟home、there、here 三个地点副词，后面的介词in\at\to 必需去掉。

Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived home yesterday evening.昨晚汤姆到家。

13.d ecide to do sth:打算做某事14. try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事
15. feel like 给…的感觉;感受到16. in the past 在过去walk around 四处走走
enjoy doing sth:宠爱做某事difference(名词，差异，差异)---- different(形容词，不同的)
18.start doing sth：开头做某事(= start to do sth)
19.19.over an hour 一个多小时(over 超过，多余= more than)
20.too many 太多，后接可数名词复数。

too much 太多，后跟不行数名词，修饰动词作状语。

much too 太，后跟形容词或副词，区分三者的口诀：too much, much too, 用法区分看后头:much 后接不行数,too 后修饰形或副。

too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。

21.because of 由于,后接名词、代词或动名词(即动词+ing)，不能接句子。

because 由于，后跟句子。

He was late for school because of getting up late.他由于起晚而上学
迟到。

(get 为动词)
= He was late for school because he got up late.
22.enough( 足够的)与名词连用，一般放在名词前He has enough money .
23.enough(足够的)与形容词或副词连用，enough 放在后面。

He is old enough to go to school.
24.doing sth.遗忘已经做过某事(已经做完)
Forget to do sth.遗忘去做某事(还未做)(forget 的过去式为forgot)
25.so+形容词+that+句子：如此…以至于…
too+形容词+to do sth：太…以至于不能…
形容词+enough to do sth：足够…能够做某事(留意三个句型有时可以互换)
He is so young that he can′t go to school.= He is too young to go to school.
= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
本单元的话题：谈论生活习惯，复习一般现在时。

本单元的语法：1.复习一般现在时;2.学习表示频率副词的用法。

主要频率副词的等级排序：always(总是) > usually (通常) > often(经常) > sometimes(有时) > hardly ever(很少) > never(从不) 这些副词在句子中的位置，一般放在助动词、be 动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。

即：“行”前“助(系)”后。

Peter is always late for
school. Peter 上学总是迟到。

I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作业。

提问always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词，用How often
I watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视→How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视?)
本单元的短语和学问点：
1.o n weekends 在周末go to the movies 去看电影help with housework 帮助做家务how often 多久一次hardly ever 几乎从不
2.o nce a week 每周一次twice a week 每周两次every day 每天use the Internet 用互联网
be free 有空Are you free on weekends?你周末有空吗?
4.s tay up late 熬夜at least 至少go to bed early 早点睡觉play sports 进展体育活动
5.a fter school 放学后
6.want sth：需要某物He wants a new pen. 他想要一支钢笔。

want to do sth:想做某事He wants to watch TV after school.放学后他想去看电视。

want sb to do sth: 让某人做某事My mother wants me get up early. 妈妈让我早起。

7.b e good for 对……有好处be bad for 对……有害处
8.play computer games 打电子玩耍go camping 去野营9.ask sb about sth：问某人某事My parents often ask me about my study.我的父
母经常问我的学习状况。

10. in one”s spare time 在某人业余时间He studies English in his spare time.11.(P13，2b)”数字+percent of+名词”做主语时，后面的单词取决于名词的状况。

假设名词为复数，后面的动词用复数形式;假设名词为单数或不行数名词，后面的动词用单数形式。

In our class ,twenty of students are boys. Thirty of water is dirty.
12.n ot…at all:一点儿也不(not 构成否认句)I don”t like the movie a t all.
13.g o online 上网=surf the Internet 14.the answer to+名词：…的答案
16.t he (best) way to do sth: 做某事的(最好)方式
The best way to learn English is speaking English. 学习英语的最好方法是说英语.
17.s uch as 比方(后跟名词或名词短语)for example 例如(后跟句子)
He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on. 他宠爱水果，例如苹果、香蕉等。

He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.
19.more than (=over)超过，多余go to the dentist 去看牙医
Unit 3 I”m more outgoing than my sister.
本单元的话题：谈论事物比照，学习形容词比较级。

本单元的语法：学习形容词比较级。

(语法：见课本第113 页至115 页)
本单元的短语和学问点：
1.play+the +乐器play the drums 打鼓比较play +球类play basketball 打篮球
both…and…两者都(后面的动词用复数形式) Both Tom and Jim are students.
3.be good at+名词\代词\V ing:擅长，在某方面做得好
7.be like:像… The books are like friends.书像朋友。

8.m ake friends (with sb) ：(和某人)交朋友enjoy doing sth: 宠爱做某事
9.b e different from 与…不同My brother is different from me. 我弟弟与我不一样。

10.h elp sb to (do) sth:帮助某人做某事
常与help sb with sth( 在某方面帮助某人)互换He often helps me (to) learn English.他经常帮助我学习英语。

= He often helps me with my English.他经常在英语方面帮助我。

help (to) do sth:帮助做某事He often helps( to)cook at home.他经常在家帮助做饭。

13.be good with sb:与某人相处很好rmation (n.消息，信息) 不行数名词
Unit 4 What”s the best movie theater?
本单元的话题：谈论事物比照，学习形容词和副词的最高级。

本单元的语法：学习形容词和副词的最高级。

本单元的短语和学问点：
1.+地点：欢送来到某地 our school.欢送来我校。

2.W hat do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你认为...怎么样?
3.watch sb do sth:观察某人做了某事(= see sb do sth )
4.比较级别+and+比较级：越来越…(假设比较级为more+形容词原级，则为：more and more 形容词原级)The buildings are taller and taller.
Our school is getting more and more beautiful.
5.a round the world 全世界=all over the world, such as 例如
Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?
本单元的话题：谈论自己对天使节目或电影的喜好，学会表达自己的感受。

本单元的语法：复习一般现在时。

本单元的短语和学问点：
1.What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth? 你认为…怎么样?
What do you think of the movie?你认为这部电影怎么样? It is boring.很无聊。

2.m ind doing sth:介意做某事
3. news (不行数名词，消息，信息) a piece of good news 一条好消息
4.learn (sth) from sb:向某人学习(某物)
5.p lan to do sth: 打算做某事(plan 的过去式planned,现在分词planning)
6.h ope to do sth:期望做某事
8.f avorite (形容词，最宠爱的)= like…best
My favorite shows are talk shows.我最宠爱的节目是谈话节目。

=I like talk shows best.
9.e xpect to do sth:期盼做某事10.think of 认为，想起He often thinks of his teachers. 11.in the 1930s: 在二十世纪三十年月(1930 年至1939 年)
10.12.one of +可数名词复数：…之一(该短语放在句首做主语时，后面的动词用单数形式)One of the students has an English dictionary.这些学生中一个人有英语字典。

14.l uck(名词，幸运,运气)—lucky(形容词,幸运的)--unlucky (形容词,不幸的)
15.b e ready to do sth 乐意做某事16.try one”s best (to do sth): 尽力(做某事)
Unit6 Im going to study computer science.
本单元的话题：谈论自己将来的打算或打算。

本单元的语法：学习一般将来时be going to do sth。

本单元的短语和学问点：
1.词性转换：science (名词，科学)—scientist(名词，科学家)
violin(名词，小提琴)--violinst(名词，小提琴家)piano(名词，钢琴)-- pianist(名词，钢琴家)2.grow up 成长，长大3.be good at+名词\代词\
动词+ing:擅长… He is good at math,but he isn”t good at speaking English.他擅长数学，但是不擅长说英语。

4.keep on doing sth: 连续做某事
5.be sure about:确信，对…有把握
His mother isn”t sure about his study.他的妈妈对他的学习没有把握。

6. move to + 地点：搬(家)到某地
7. take singing\acting lessons 上唱歌课\上表演课=have singing\acting lessons
8. send sb sth = send sth to sb 寄\送给某人某物
His grandfather often sends him money。

= His grandfather often sends money to him.
9.learn to do sth 学会做某事
10.play the piano 弹钢琴make the soccer team 组建足球队get good grades 取得好的成绩eat healthier food 吃更安康的食品get lots of exercise 进展大量熬炼
11.foreign language外国语言12. study hard努力学习most of the time 大多数时间
14. get back from+地点：从…回来He will get back from Beijing in 3 days.
at the beginning of 在…开头的时候, write down 写下/登记，
17. different kinds of 不同种类的have to do with 关于，与…有关系,take up 开头从事
20. too+形容词+to do sth：太…以至于不能…
so+形容词+that+句子：如此…以至于…
形容词+enough to do sth：足够…能够做某事(留意三个句型有时可以相互转换)
He is so young that he can′t go to school. 他如此年轻以至于不能去上学。

= He is too young to go to school.他太年轻了以至于不能去上学。

= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
22.m ake sb+形容词：让某人怎么样The good news made us happy.(留意：news 为不行数名词)
23.h ow to do better at school 为“疑问词+不定式”即“疑问词+to do sth”
He didn”t know when to start.他不知道什么时候开头。

24.go to university 去上大学
Unit 7 Will people have robots?
本单元的话题：谈论对将来的语言，学习一般将来时will do sth。

本单元的语法：学习一般将来时will do sth。

一般将来时由“助动词will / shall + 动词原型”构成，表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语如tomorrow、next week，in 2 days(2 天之后)等连用。

(Shall 用于第一人称，will 可以用于各种人称。

) (will not= won”t)
一般疑问句：把确定句中的will 提到句首即可。

以上两句的一
般疑问句为：
Will you visit the old man next week? Yes,we will.\No, we won”t .
否认句：把确定句中的will 变为won”t即可。

以上两句的否认句为：
We won”t visit the old man next week. She won”t finish the work in 2 weeks.
本单元的短语和学问点：
1.There be 构造：There be(is/are/was/were)+某物/某人+某地/某时
“Ther e be 构造”的一般现在时：There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时There are 600 students in our school.在我们学校有600 个学生。

一般过去时：There was/were+某物/某人+某地/某时There was a school ten years ago.
一般将来时：There will be+某物/某人+某地/某时.= There is going to be+某物/ 某人+某地/ 某时. There will be a sport meeting next week.=There is going to be a sport meeting next weeek. 下周将有场运动会。

2.on computers 在电脑上, on paper 在纸上
3.a few +可数名词复数：有一些、有几个a little +不行数名词：有一些
few +可数名词复数：几乎没有(表示否认) little+不行数名词：几乎没有(表示否认)
many+可数名词复数：很多，很多few 的比较级是fewer ,little 的比较级是less
much+不行数名词：很多，很多many\much 的比较级都是more There will be less polution in the future.在将来将会有更少的污染。

(polution 为不行数名词)
We should plant more trees.我们应当种的树。

(tree 为可数名词)
There will be fewer cars in the future. 在将来将会有更少的汽车。

(car 为可数名词)
4.in(great)danger 在(极度)危急中on the earth 在地球上save the earth 挽救地球
6.in+一段时间：在…之后(多用于一般将来时)
He will come back in 2 days.两天之后他将回来。

→How soon will he come back?多久他将回来?
句型There is\are sb doing sth. 有某人正在做某事。

There is a cat eating fish.
10. hundreds of+名词：成百上千的…，很多…(表示模糊数字)
数字+ hundred +名词：几百…(表示具体数字)
He has hundreds of book.他有很多书。

He bought two hundred books.他买了二百本书。

12.at some point: 在某些方面free time 空闲时间in one”s free time 在某人空闲时间
Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?
本单元的话题：描述做事情的挨次和过程。

(First 首先,Next 下面,Then 然后,Finally 最终)
本单元的语法：复习一般现在时。

本单元的短语和学问点：1(P57,1a)
turn on 翻开turn up 调大turn off
关上turn down 调小
2.How many+可数名词复数：多少…
How much+不行数名词：多少…
He has eight books.他有八本书。

→How many books does he have? 他有多少本书?
3.量词的用法：不行数名词常用“数字+量词+不行数名词”来表示。

如：
a piece of bread 一片面包比较：two pieces of bread 两片面包(bread 为不行数名词)
a glass of orange 一玻璃杯橘子汁one spoon of butter 一勺黄油
5.one more thing =another one thing 基数词+ more + 名词= another + 基数词+名词：又多少某物He ate an apple,he wanted to eat two more apples.
7.It”s time (for sb) to do sth 是某人该做某事的时间了。

It”s time for u s to have lunch.
It”s time for sth 是该做某事的时间了。

It”s time for the class.是该上课的时候了。

Unit 9 Can you come to my party?
本单元的话题：学会发出、承受或拒绝邀请。

本单元的语法：
复习情态动词。

本单元的短语和学问点：
1.o n Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午，在具体哪一天的是上午、下午或晚上用on,
2.have to 必需(后跟动词原形)He has to get up early.他必需早起。

→(一般疑问句)Does he get up early? Yes,he does.\No,he doesn”t.
(否认句)He doesn”t have to get up early.他没有必要早起。

4. sth=want sth 想要某物Jim would like a new pen .
Would like to do sth=want to do sth想做某事He”d like to watch TV.
Would you like to do sth ? 你情愿做...?(用来提出建议或征求对方意见)
------would you like to go shopping with me ? 你想和我一起去买东西吗?
------Yes,I”d love to ，but I”m doing my homework.我想去,但是我现在正在做家庭作业。

(=Sorry, I”m doing my homework.格外内疚，我正在做家庭作业。

)
5.prepare for sth 为…做预备go to the doctor 去看病have the flu 患流感help my parents 给父母帮助have an exam 考试
6. until 的用法:假设动词为连续性动词则用确定句式
He studied until 21:00pm.他始终学习到晚上九点。

假设动词为非连续性动词，则用not….until….(直到。

才。

) H e didn”t go to bed until his father came back. 他始终到
他爸爸回来
才上床睡觉。

10.study for a math test 为数学考试做预备go to the party参与聚会
11.What”s today?今日几号?Its Monday,the 14th.今日星期一，十
四
号。

补充：what day is it today?今日星期几? it”s Monday 今日星期一。

What”s the date today? 今日几月几日?It”s October 20th . 今日10
月
20 日。

12.go to the doctor 去看病have a piano lesson 上钢琴课
13.look after 照看，照料= take care of
She is old to look after his brother 她足够大了能够照看她的弟弟。

take good care of =look after…well好好照看，好好照料
We should take good care of the children.= We should look after the children well.
感慨句的类型：
⑴ What a∕an+adj+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! What
+adj+可数名词复数∕不行数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What a fine day (it is) !多么好的天啊! (day 为可数名词单数)
What an interesting book it is ! 多么好玩的一本书啊!(book 为可数名词单数)
What beautiful flowers they are ! 多么秀丽的花啊! (flowers 为可数名词复数)
What bad weather it is!多么糟糕的天气啊!(weather 为不行数名词)
⑵How +adj +主语+(谓语中的)系动词! How +adv +主语+(谓语中的)实义动词!
How happy I am!我多麽快活啊! (happy 为adj,am 为系动词)
How hard they are working ! 他们工作多么努力啊!(hard 为adv,work 为实义动词)
点拨：陈述句改为感慨句，可以承受“一判、二定、三移”。

一判：是推断出陈述句谓语动词后的中心词的词性(adj∕adv∕n)
二定：是依据推断出来的结果来确定引导词(中心词为名词用What;中心词为形容词或副词用How;)
三移：就是把主语和谓语移到后面。

留意：在感慨句中，不得消灭so,very，very much 等表示程度的单词。

例如：①Our school is beautiful .
一判：beautiful 为形容词;二定：beautiful 为形容词，用How 来引导;三移：把Our school is 移到How beautiful 后面，即为感慨句How beautiful our school is!
②He is a clever boy.
一判：boy 为名词;二定：boy 为名词，用What 来引导;三移：把He is 移到What a clever boy 后面，即为感慨句What a clever boy he is!
③He studies English well.
一判：well 为副词;二定：well 为副词，用How 来引导;三移：把He studies 移到How well 后面，即为感慨句How well he studies!
练习：将以下句子变为感慨句。

①The room is very bright.
②We live a happy life today.③It is a nice present.
④This is difficult problem. ⑤She played the piano wonderfully.
16.)the (best) way to do sth: 做某事的(最好)方法17.thanks for+名词\V•ing:为什么而感谢18.take a trip 参与郊游，at the end of this month 在本月底
19.g o back to+地点：回到某地He will go back to Beijing in 2 days. 两天后他将回北京。

20.h ave a surprise party for sb 为某人举办一个惊喜的晚会
21.without+名词\代词\ V•ing：没有… He can”t finish the work without our help.(help 为名词)
He went to school without having breakfast.他没有吃早饭就去上学。

(have 为动词)
24.l ook forward to +名词\代词\V.ing：期盼，期望
25.h ear from sb.收到某人的来信= receive a letter from sb.
27.t he opening of…：开幕/开业
28.在具体哪一天的上午、下午、晚上用on,比较：
in the morning 在早晨on Sunday morning 在星期天的早晨
29.invite sb to +地点:邀请某人去某地(invite -- invitation ) invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
31.reply to sth / sb：答复某事/答复某人go shopping 购物，do homework 做家庭作业
Unit 10 If you go to the party, you”ll have a great time!
本单元的话题：谈论事情可能的结果。

本单元的语法：在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来——
即主将从现。

If you go to the party, we will have a great time
从句(一般现在时) (主句一般将来时)
解释：在条件状语从句，时间状语从句中，假设主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来------ 简称主将从现
If it is fine tomorrow,I”ll visit shanghai
区分:宾语从句假设主句为一般现在时，从句可以依据需要用任何时态
I think I”ll finish the work in 2 days. 我认为我在两天内将完成这
项工作。

主句(一般现在时)宾语从句
填空：I think she (come)here tomorrow. If he (come )here,I (call)you.
本单元的短语和学问点：
1.h ave a great /good time 玩的快活
2.s tay at home 呆在家里take the bus 乘公交车
3.g o to the party 参与晚会tomorrow night 明天晚上
4.talk about sth 谈论某事
5.h ave a class party 开班级晚会have a class meeting 开班会
6.p lan to do sth 打算做某事They are planning to go shopping.他们
正在打算购物。

7.(P74,2b)half the class 全班一半人,make some food 做食物
8.a sk sb. to do sth 请某人做某事My parents often ask me to study hard.
9.a sk sb. not to do sth 请某人不要做某事My techer often asks us not to be late.
10.t oo+形容词+to do sth：太…以至于不能…
so+形容词+that+句子：如此…以至于…
形容词+enough to do sth：足够…能够做某事(留意三个句型经常可以互换转换)
He is so young that he can′t go to school. 他如此年轻以至于不能去上学。

= He is too young to go to school.他太年轻了以至于不能去上学。

= He isn′t old enough to go to school.
11.t ell sb. to do sth 高速某人做某事tell sb. not to do sth 告知某人不要做某事
12.g ive sb some advice 给某人建议/劝告(adivce 为不行数名词)
13.travel around the world 周游世界, go to college 上大学，
make(a lot of)money 挣钱, get an education 承受教育，
14.work hard 努力工作，a soccer player 一个足球运发动
15.talk to sb.与某人谈话，keep…to oneself 把…留给自己/独处
16.h ave problems with sth: 在某方面有困难have problems
(in)doing sth:做方面有困难(2 个句型经常可以互换)
She has problems with English.她在学习英语方面有困难。

= She has problems (in) learning English.她学习英语有困难。

17.u nless=if…not假设…不Unless it is sunny tomorrow,I won”t go s hopping.=If it isn”t sunny tomorrow,I won”t go shopping.
18.b e afraid to do sth:不敢做某事be afraid of sth:可怕某物
19.b e angry with sb 生某人的气He is angry with his son. 他在生他儿子的气。

be angry about\at sth 因某事而生气He is angry about\at his work. 他由于工作生气。

20.m ake mistakes 犯错误
21.r emember to do sth 记着去做某事(事情还未做)
remember doing sth 记着已经做过某事(事情做完，但是还记着) Please remember to close the door when you leave. 当你离开的时候记着关上门。

(门还未关).
He remembered closing the door.他记着已经关上门了。

(门已经关上)
22.a dvise sb to do sth 劝告某人做某事advise sb doing 建议提议做某事。

23.I t”s best (not)to do sth. 最好(不要)做某事
24.r un away from 躲避Don”t run away from your problems.
25.solve a problem 解决难题
26.a gree with sb:同意某人(的看法、意见、观点等)
27.w orry about 担忧=be worried about。