猜词讲义及练习

阅读理解解题方法之猜测词义
一、词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1. The word “…” could best be replaced by_______.
2. The word “…” is most likely to refer to ______.
3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?
4. The underlined word “…” means ______.
二、猜词方法：
1. Word Formation 构词法：
掌握前后缀规律，如un-, im-, in-, dis-, il-等前缀与-less等后缀可构成反义词；后缀-ful, -ly, -ism, -ness等可改换词性。

而合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上，结合上下文把握两词之间的关系，猜测词义；而对词义的转化，也要求结合上下文来猜测。

2. Definition 定义法--- 定语，定语从句，同位语及括号，冒号，破折号
3. Contrast对照法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。

key words:but、while、however、otherwise、on the contrary、nevertheless
4. Similarity 相似法---key words: likewise、also、or、similarly
5. Cause & Effect 因果法---key words: because、 since、for、as、to、as a result、thus
6. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。

Key words: for instance、 for example、such as等。

7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。

8. Common sense 常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。

三、练习
1）
Passage 1
Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy (the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton骨骼)twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa,a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.(2012全国卷2 )
What do the underlined words “a replica”refer to?
A. A painting of the skeleton
B. A photograph of Lucy
C. A copy of the skeleton
D. A written record of Lucy
Passage 2
The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.
The underlined word “banished”mean_______.
A. killed by stoning
B. sent away
C. imprisoned
D. punished by whipping
Passage 3
When Kahlo's paintings were on show in London, a poet described her paintings as "a ribbon(丝带) around a bomb". Such comments seem to suggest Kahlo had a big influence on the art world of her time. Sadly, she is actually a much bigger name today than she was during her time. (2012安徽)
What does the phrase “a much bigger name”probably mean?
A. a far better artist
B. a far more gifted artist
C. a much stronger person
D. a much more famous person
Passage 4
After a four-year relationship with a big company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream.
The underlined word “astounded”means ____.
A. very sad
B. very sorry
C. very pleased
D. greatly surprised
Passage 5
By now paramendics(急救人员)had arrived, and were attending to the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her.(2014福建)
The underlined word "intimidated" probably means?
A. astonished
B. struck
C. frightened
D. excited
2）语篇训练
1（2014山东）
It was one of those terribly hot days in Baltimore. Needless to say, it was too hot to do anything outside. But it was also scorching in our apartment. This was 1962, and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years. So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors. He suggested we could see a movie. It was a brilliant plan.
Movie theaters were one of the few places you could sit all day and—most important —sit in air conditioning. In those days, you could buy one ticket and sit through two movies. Then, the theater would show the same two movies again. If you wanted to, you could sit through them twice. Most people did not do that, but the manager at our theater. Mr. Bellow did not mind if you did.
That particular day, my brother and I sat through both movies twice, trying to escape the heat. We bought three bags of popcorn and three sodas each. Then, we sat and watched The Music Man followed by The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. We’d already seen the second movie once before. It had been at the theater since January, because Mr. Bellow loved anything with John Wayne in it.
We left the theater around 8, just before the evening shows began. But we returned the next day and saw the same two movies again, twice more. And we did it the next day too. Finally, on the fourth day, the heat wave broke.
Still, to this day I can sing half the songs in The Music Man and recite half of John Wayne and Jimmy Stewart’s dialogue from The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance! Those memories are some of the few I have of the heat wave of 1962. They’re really memories of the screen, not memories of my life.
1. In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner?
A. 1952
B. 1962
C. 1972
D. 1982
2.What does the underlined word“It”in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The heat
B. The theater.
C. The Music Man
D. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance
3. What do we know about Mr. Bellow?
A. He loved children very much.
B. He was a fan of John Wayne.
C. He sold air conditioners.
D. He was a movie star.
4. Why did the author and his/her brother see the same movies several times?
A. The two movies were really wonderful.
B. They wanted to avoid the heat outside.
C. The manager of the theater was friendly.
D. They liked the popcorn and the soda at the theater.
5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. The author turned out to be a great singer.
B. The author enjoyed the heat wave of 1962.
C. The author’s life has been changed by the two movies.
D. The author considers the experience at the theater unforgettable
2
Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did something more than a hobby: She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds, too; so it's a win-win situation all around.”
They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy (经济), have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex., some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.
George C. Ball Jr., owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40% over last year, double the average growth of the last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is the striking rise in the cost of food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruits and vegetables. Food prices have increased because of higher oil prices. People are now driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden.
1．What does the word “residents”in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?
A．chickens B．tomatoes C．gardens D．people
2．Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?
A．More Americans are doing it for fun. B．The price of oil is lower than before.
C．There's a growing need for fruits. D．The cost of living is on the rise.。