2023-2024学年上海市复旦大学附属中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题

2023-2024学年上海市复旦大学附属中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
I received an email from a reader who asked, “Why do some friendships end, no matter how much you want them to last?” She referred to 1 (see) the question in one of my articles, Mystery of Friendship. As I wrote in it, I don’t think easy answers exist as to how friendships start, why some turn into lifetime 2 , and why some end. Although I’ve tried answering the first two questions in other articles (To Have A Friend and Be A Friend), I still get surprised by friendships that endure and disillusi oned by those that slip away. Even so, I’ll try to offer some insights here as to why friendships end.
My simple answer is that friendships end because the situations 3 friends are in or even the friends themselves change. First, the realities friends face may change. The decision to relocate 4 a new school or job cannot help but affect a friendship. Likewise, if a friend is in an accident, develops an illness, or loses someone close, these cannot help but affect a friendship. Does a friendship need to end because of these changes? No, but it’ll require adjustments that one or both friends 5 not be willing to make.
Second, the friends themselves may change. A significant reason why friendships often end 6 friends are apart for an 7 (extend) period of time (for summer camp, college, etc.) is that one or both of the friends change. I think it 8 (hurt) less when both friends change, because then the breakup is more often mutual and so both friends get closure by both deciding to let go and move forward in their lives without each other. What tends to hurt most is when just one friend changes. One friend might change social circles, become involved in new social organizations, start to date, get a pet, or take on some other venture that consumes more time and passion. Again, a friendship can endure these changes, 9 one or both of the friends for some reason decide not to invest the time and energy involved in the adjustment period. In this situation, breakups may not be mutual and so one or both friends feel betrayed and end up with bitter memories about 10 was a precious friendship to them.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. categorise
B. creation
C. good
D. innovative
E. maximum
F. packed
G. pedestrianise H. processing I. shape J. short-lived K. transformation
All Change in Curitiba!
Like many other major world cities, Curitiba in southern Brazil has had to deal with issues such as pollution, poverty, and limited public funding. However, the architect and three-times mayor of the city, Jaime Lerner, has introduced some 11 solutions.
As part of his ‘Master Plan’, Lerner hoped to make the city more environmentally friendly. He initiated a recycling scheme. In return for delivering recyclable rubbish to specified 12 points, residents receive a bag of vegetables or bus tickets. As a result, Curitiba now has one of the highest recycling rates in the world. Lerner also ordered the 13 of 26 urban parks. As well as preventing pollution, these control flooding.
Lerner did not win over all the city’s residents immediately, however. When his plans to 14 part of the centre were passed, local businesses were up in arms, fearing a reduction in profits. Realising he needed to act quickly, Lerner had the 15 of six blocks completed within three days. When a group of motorists attempted to drive through the new pedestrian area, Lerner arranged for local primary schools to hold a painting workshop on the streets. The drivers were forced to turn back. Luckily for Lerner, this rebellion was 16 . The increase in profit rapidly persuaded shop owners to change their minds.
Lerner’s determination helped 17 the Curitiba of today. The average income per capita has risen from a level that was below the Brazilian average in the 1970s to 66% above the average, and surveys indicate high levels of resident satisfaction.
So, is it all just one big success story? In some respects, Curitiba may have been too successful for its own 18 . People and businesses have come to the city, which now has more than 1.8 million residents. This has put the city under enormous stress. Forty years ago, buses transported 54,000 passengers a day. Now the number is 2.3 million. According to some experts, the transport system has reached its 19 efficiency capacity. Following a rise in complaints about the noisy and 20 buses, the service is in decline.
It started with a bit of casual discomfort on the head, but after a week it had spread to the back of my neck, enough to lead me to my laptop. Annoying as it was, I was ________ to take up my doctor’s time with such a silly complaint and then have a wasted journey only to be informed that it would clear up by itself and that ________ would be of no use at all.
As soon as I’d tapped in ‘online self-diagnosis’, the search engine provided me with over 11.5 million results. And during the time normally spent in the clinic’s waiting room reading the Women’s Weekly, I was able to f ind a site that would provide a free ________ in the comfort of my chair, and with no need for an appointment,
I answered all the questions until I eventually reached a description exactly matching my ________. As I clicked on ‘More Information’, I was hit with what I’d never anticipated. The worst case scenario was complete hair loss. I couldn’t have been more ________.
I headed off to the doctor for what I thought would be a blood test but which turned out to be a valuable lesson in not ________ everything you read on the internet. It took him less than a minute to guess at and locate head lice (虱子). I was relieved to know that I would be ________ my hair, and horrified to know that it was being occupied.
I learnt my lesson, but for some the worry caused by ________ every ache has led to a new form of hypochondria (疑病症). Named ‘cyberchondria’ by the print media back in 2000, this particular condition has ________ greatly. Although most people’s main point of call is still the doctor’s surgery, it’s estimat ed that ________ worries are now the second most researched topic on the web. This is truly a serious concern when about 25%of the medical information online is thought to be
________.
Once upon a time, hypochondria required time and effort: you had to go to the library to research your diseases and ________ go through the books. Now it’s just a matter of a few clicks of a mouse. But while your doctor will make a diagnosis ________ your age, appearance and medical history, a search engine will rely simply on algorithms (算法). These come up with results graded according to popularity or numbers of key words. So the most highly ranked hits might actually be for very
genuine disease, which are nonetheless extremely ________. One minute you think you’ve come down with the flu, the next you’re under attack from sub-tropical, flesh-eating bacteria. Time spent going to the doctor’s for ________ of mind suddenly seems fair enough.
21.
A．reluctant B．surprised C．able D．sure
22.
A．knowledge B．association C．evidence D．medication 23.
A．sample B．assessment C．subscription D．upgrade
24.
A．standards B．arguments C．definitions D．symptoms 25.
A．fortunate B．touched C．alarmed D．different
26.
A．believing B．explaining C．questioning D．covering
27.
A．keeping B．losing C．drying D．washing
28.
A．taking off B．putting on C．breaking away D．looking up 29.
A．dropped B．differed C．increased D．helped
30.
A．safety B．health C．access D．money
31.
A．available B．accurate C．misleading D．complex
32.
A．occasionally B．automatically C．painstakingly D．literally
33.
A．bringing to light B．taking into
consideration C．putting into
practice
D．setting on top
34.
A．rare B．hard C．large D．simple
35.
A．state B．change C．freedom D．peace
On 15th June 1996, a huge bomb in Manchester, in the north-west of England, destroyed the city centre, causing nearly a billion pounds’ worth of damage. The bomb, which had been planted by a terrorist group called the IRA, injured over 200 people but remarkably killed no one as police had evacuated the area following a warning from the IRA.
Manchester had already undergone some changes as it recovered from the economic depression of the early 1990s that had destroyed much of its industry and created large-scale unemployment. It had won the right to host the Commonwealth Games (a large sporting event) and redeveloped some deserted areas through the building of the National Velodrome, an exhibition centre and an award-winning concert hall. However, at the time of the bombing, the city centre was still badly neglected — dominated by the Arndale Shopping Centre (once described as looking like an enormous public toilet) and squares that were run-down and affected by drug addiction. So, dreadful though the bombing was, it actually provided an opportunity to start again that might not have happened otherwise.
Within weeks of the explosion, the government had set up a public-private company to manage the recovery and launched an international competition to design the redevelopment. The winning plan involved restoring the historic buildings that had been damaged, tearing down and rebuilding some of the ugly buildings, creating new public spaces and improving life for pedestrians. Alongside this, the government reduced traffic in the centre by changing the direction of some main roads and developed an integrated public transport system, making access to the centre easier. Since these improvements, the city has attempted to boost tourism by using some of the city’s historical si tes for major public events and by creating the Urbis building, which now houses the National Museum of Football. In turn, these changes have been key in attracting new investors, such as the Qatari royal family who own Manchester City Football Club.
Since 1996, the Manchester economy has grown in all areas. However, there are some concerns that inequality has also increased. Nor are all the new spaces appreciated. One new garden square designed by an international architect was rated as the worst attraction in the city. Others argue that in changing market stalls and industry for luxury consumption and glass buildings, the city has lost some of its soul.
36. What does the word “evacuate” (paragraph 1)most probably mean?
A．Looking for something in a place. B．Estimate the losses in a ruined place.
C．Remove people from a place of danger. D．Determine a numerical value of a place. 37. What does the writer say about the 1996 IRA bombing?
A．It presented an unexpected opportunity for Manchester.
B．It destroyed the city centre that used to be busy and crowded.
C．It resulted in a lot of people getting hurt or killed in Manchester.
D．It cost Manchester its chance to host the Commonwealth Games.
38. What did Manchester do for its recovery?
A．It set up Manchester City Football Club.
B．It organised an international competition to attract new investors.
C．It tore down some historical sites to make room for public events.
D．It developed a public traffic system to make the city center more accessible.
39. What is the passage mainly about?
A．Damage Manchester suffered due to the IRA bombing.
B．The IRA bombing in Manchester and its consequences.
C．Challenges related to the redevelopment of Manchester.
D．The long-term effects of the changes made in Manchester.
We asked four people who graduated from the Williams Business and Accountancy School what corporate responsibility means to them.
Jason
I know that some corporations claim to be bringing huge benefits to local people, and maybe some are. However, in other cas es, they’re paying low wages or undercutting small, family-run firms who can’t compete. It may not be a pretty image, but that’s the nature of capitalism. I’d like to hope I won’t end up as part of this process, but I suspect it’s inevitable. Essentially, your biggest responsibility is ultimately to return value to your stakeholders. Positive employee relations are desirable, but not actually a legal requirement in many countries.
Anya
Thanks to my sister, I’ve recently had a shift in thinking. As far as co rporate responsibility is concerned, I no longer doubt it. Christina recently transferred to an overseas branch. She was surprised and delighted to discover the branch was running local programmes to improve basic literacy skills amongst employees as well as to conserve the environment. She’s now currently retraining as a teacher and moving over to that side of things. Now that I’ve seen this side of corporate responsibility, I’ve been persuaded to give it a go myself in later life, although I’ll stick to Plan A and pursue a solid career in finance for a few years first.
Andre
For me, what it comes down to is sustainability. Whatever your product, it shouldn’t have a harmful effect on the planet. Many companies make a big noise about how much cash they give away to charity, but they should make changes in the way they make their profits in the first place. Quite aside from the ethical arguments, there’s also a sound commercial reason here. These days the consumer has access to far more information than ever before thanks to the internet, so if something
bad goes viral, it’ll destroy a reputation forever. Companies are well aware of that. For that reason, more are starting to face up to their responsibility—or so they claim.
Lisa
In the USA, corporations often support community development projects by donating books or equipment to schools. However, this apparent altruism (利他主义) is not all it claims to be. There’s a large grey area between corporate giving and company branding. Nowadays every corporate website includes a summary of so-called ‘core values’; vague descriptions of how they’re ‘giving back’ to society. I can’t help thinking they’re unclear for a reason and that it’s all just for good PR. I’m particularly annoyed by the claims of fast-food companies. They pretend to be concerned with obesity (肥胖) levels while promoting special offers on larger portions. The hidden agenda is clearly to boost profit. It’s an insult to consumer intelligence.
40. According to Jason, what responsibility is ignored by corporations?
A．Bringing benefits to local people
B．Keeping positive employee relations.
C．Returning values to their stakeholders.
D．Understanding the nature of capitalism.
41. What can be learned about Anya?
A．She supports and values corporate responsibility efforts.
B．She has been persuaded to work for an overseas corporation.
C．She will be devoted to corporate responsibility initiatives soon.
D．She believes some corporate responsibility efforts make no sense.
42. What do Andre and Lisa have in common?
A．Both argue against the necessity of company branding.
B．Both think corporations should express their ‘core values’ more clearly.
C．Both hold a firm belief that sustainability matters in corporations’ development.
D．Both doubt the real purpose of some corporate responsibility efforts.
Every decision we make is arrived at through hugely complex neurological processing. Although it feels as though you have a choice, the action that you ‘decide’ to take is entirely directed by automatic neural activity. Brain imaging studies show that a person’s action can be predicted by their brain activity up to 10 seconds before they themselves become aware they are going to act. Multiple neuroscientific studies show that even those important decisions that feel worked out are just as automatic as knee-jerk reactions (膝跳反应) (although more complex).
Decision-making starts with the amygdala: a set of two almond-shaped nuclei (杏仁状核) buried deep within the brain, which generate emotion. The amygdala registers the information streaming in through our senses and responds to it in less than a second, sending signals throughout the brain. These produce an urge to run, fight, freeze or grab, according to how the amygdala values various stimuli.
Before we act on the amygdala’s si gnals, however, the information is usually processed by other brain areas, including some that produce conscious thoughts and emotions. Areas concerned with recognition work out what’s going on, those concerned with memory compare it with previous experiences, and those concerned with reasoning, judging and planning get to work on constructing various action plans. The best plan—if we are lucky—is then selected and carried out. If any of this process goes wrong, we are likely to hesitate, or do something silly.
The various stages of decision-making are marked by different types of brain activity. Fast (gamma)waves, with frequencies of 25 to 100 Hz, produce a keen awareness of the multiple factors that need to be taken into account to arrive at a decision. If you are trying to choose a sandwich, for instance, gamma waves generated in various cells within the ‘taste’ area of the brain bring to mind and compare the taste of ham, hummus, wholemeal, sourdough, and so on. Although it may seem useful to be aware of the full range of choice, too much information makes decision-making more difficult, so irrelevant factors get dismissed quickly and unconsciously.
After this comparison stage, the brain switches to slow-wave activity (12 to 30 Hz). This extinguishes most of the gamma activity, leaving just a single ‘hotspot’ of gamma waves which marks the chosen option.
Although there is no ‘you’ outside your brain to direct what it’s doing, you can help it to make good decisions by placing yourself in a situation which is likely to make the process run more smoothly. Doing something that is physically or mentally stimulating before making a decision will help your brain produce the initial gamma waves that generate awareness of the competing options. Getting over-excited, on the other hand, will prevent the switch to the slow brainwaves, making it much harder to single out a choice.
43. Why does the writer mention “knee-jerk reactions” in the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the finding of the latest brain imaging studies.
B．To illustrate that decisions are not consciously thought out.
C．To call attention to a kind of neural reaction that is not very complex.
D．To show the difference between decision-making and other brain activity.
44. What does the amygdala do according to the passage?
A．It works out conscious thoughts and emotions.
B．It selects the best action plan for a given situation.
C．It dismisses factors that are irrelevant to the decision to be made.
D．It processes sensory information and generates emotional responses.
45. What can be concluded from paragraphs 4 and 5?
A．Slow-wave activity usually lasts longer than fast-wave activity.
B．The brain prioritizes information before settling on a final choice.
C．Decision-making is difficult when slow-wave activity occurs first.
D．The brain needs as much information as possible to make a decision.
46. How does engaging in stimulating activities help the decision-making process?
A．By preparing the brain to single out the most reasonable choice.
B．By helping the brain switch to slow-wave activity more quickly.
C．By getting the brain to focus on those most relevant alternatives.
D．By making the brain more aware of the factors and choices involved.
Could a New Battery Solve Our Energy Problem?
Researchers in the US have made headlines worldwide by developing a new type of battery that charges far faster and holds way more charge than today’s lithium cells (锂电池). It’s not just a terrific technology story, either. The team behind it is led by tech legend Prof John Goodenough of the University of Texas, Austin—the co-inventor of the original lithium-ion battery, and still doing brilliant work at the age of 94.
47 That’s why we’re still using 21st-Century gadgetry with one eye on battery, wondering if we can get to a charger before our device goes completely dead.
This depressing state of affairs is more than simply inconvenient. If we’re to make the most of renewable energy, we need ways of coping with those times when the wind drops or there’s no sunshine. 48
Elo n Musk, the billionaire boss of electric car company Tesla, certainly thinks so. He’s already created a 20 megawatt battery ‘farm’ in California, and is willing to put his money where his batteries are. 49 For example, one wind farm in Hawaii had three f ires in its battery ‘farm’ within a year of opening.
But now Goodenough and his team may have found the answer, by switching from lithium to sodium (钠).
The lithium batteries that made Goodenough’s reputation contain a liquid electrolyte (电解质) which doesn’t respond well to rapid charging. One of Goodenough’s colleagues, Maria Braga, decided that the answer lay in switching to solid electrolytes. The team has now managed to get a solid glass electrolyte to work with sodium, which is similar to lithium but far more common. 50 The battery has triple the charge of its lithium equivalent, it charges in minutes rather than hours, and it has a longer lifespan.
Advances in energy storage are vital if renewable are going to reach their potential. The boundless energy of Goodenough—the Li-ion King himself—may just have found the solution just in time.
passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Communicating science
One of the major problems for scientists lies in communicating the value of research to non-specialists that matter:policymakers and the general public. In recent years, scientific organisations have come a long way in developing ways to make science more accessible to non-specialist groups.
The development of blogs has helped substantially in bringing science closer to the public. According to Wikipedia, the ScienceBlogs network is now ranked 37th among the most authoritative blogs worldwide, with two of its sections having won weblog awards. Released from editorial restrictions, science bloggers generally focus on areas of science that they are both passionate and knowledgeable about. They often write about science in an accessible, lively manner, and it is this that p erhaps most attracts members of the public. Ed Yong’s Not Exactly Rocket Science, for instance, is filled with the writer’s enthusiasm and down-to-earth attitude towards the subject. His chatty, youthful style appeals to a wide range of readers.
Television has also boosted the image of science. Early pioneers such as Jacques Cousteau, whose beautifully filmed documentaries opened up the oceans to millions, quickly realised the potential of TV to make science come alive for viewers. Other science disciplines have eagerly followed suit. Entertaining presenters carry out daring experiments or explore amazing scientific phenomena in order to attract attention. Celebrities such as Brian Cox, once famous for playing music in D:Ream, have also been instrumental in bringing science into popular culture. Now working in the field of physics, Brian is presenter of the BBC TV series Wonders of the Solar System. His background means that his face is not only well known to younger viewers but is also considered cool. Other organisations have been using the power of visual media through the internet. For example, SciVee offers scientists video services to create online presentations of their research.
Nevertheless, despite this progress, communication remains one of science’s biggest obstacle. Perhaps it is time that universities addressed this problem, and thought about adding communications training to the curriculum.
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52. 沙漠的温度白天酷热，夜晚极寒。

(range)(汉译英)
53. 她尽管感觉身体不适，但还会坚持参加会议。

(insist) (汉译英)
54. 尤其值得一提的是，将这一美景写进诗里，是这位诗人的独创。

(It) (汉译英)
55. 植物园的工作人员还准备了多部短剧，以更有趣、更多元的方式带领小朋友们走进植物的世界。

(way) (汉译英)
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，你校计划邀请校友张磊来校开设讲座。

这位校友在高中就读时就对民俗民风研究有着极大的兴趣。

大学期间开设了一个介绍上海民俗的公众号，获得了很多关注。

作为学生会外联部一员，给张磊写一封信，邀请他做相关讲座。

邀请信内容包括：
1) 讲座的时间和地点；
2) 邀请他的理由；
3) 希望的讲座主题。

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