国际经济学英文题库（最全版附答案）

【国际经济学】英文题库
Chapter 1: Introduction
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Which of the following products are not produced at all in the United States?
*A. Coffee, tea, cocoa
B. steel, copper, aluminum
C. petroleum, coal, natural gas
D. typewriters, computers, airplanes
2. International trade is most important to the standard of living of:
A. the United States
*B. Switzerland
C. Germany
D. England
3. Over time, the economic interdependence of nations has:
*A. grown
B. diminished
C. remained unchanged
D. cannot say
4. A rough measure of the degree of economic interdependence of a nation is given by:
A. the size of the nations' population
B. the percentage of its population to its GDP
*C. the percentage of a nation's imports and exports to its GDP
D. all of the above
 5. Economic interdependence is greater for:
*A. small nations
B. large nations
C. developed nations
D. developing nations
6. The gravity model of international trade predicts that trade between two nations is larger
A. the larger the two nations
B. the closer the nations
C. the more open are the two nations
*D. all of the above
7. International economics deals with:
A. the flow of goods, services, and payments among nations
B. policies directed at regulating the flow of goods, services, and payments
C. the effects of policies on the welfare of the nation
*D. all of the above
 8. International trade theory refers to:
*A. the microeconomic aspects of international trade
B. the macroeconomic aspects of international trade
C. open economy macroeconomics or international finance
D. all of the above
 9. Which of the following is not the subject matter of international finance?
A. foreign exchange markets
B. the balance of payments
*C. the basis and the gains from trade
D. policies to adjust balance of payments disequilibria
10. Economic theory:
A. seeks to explain economic events
B. seeks to predict economic events
C. abstracts from the many detail that surrounds an economic event
*D. all of the above
11. Which of the following is not an assumption generally made in the study of inter national economics?
A. two nations
B. two commodities
*C. perfect international mobility of factors
D. two factors of production
12. In the study of international economics:
A. international trade policies are examined before the bases for trade
B. adjustment policies are discussed before the balance of payments
C. the case of many nations is discussed before the two-nations case
*D. none of the above
13. International trade is similar to interregional trade in that both must overcome:
*A. distance and space
B. trade restrictions
C. differences in currencies
D. differences in monetary systems
14. The opening or expansion of international trade usually affects all members of so ciety: 
A. positively
B. negatively
*C. most positively but some negatively
D. most negatively but some positively
15. An increase in the dollar price of a foreign currency usually:
A. benefit U.S. importers
*B. benefits U.S. exporters
C. benefit both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters
D. harms both U.S. importers and U.S. exporters
16. Which of the following statements with regard to international economics is true?
A. It is a relatively new field
*B. it is a relatively old field
C. most of its contributors were not economists
D. none of the above
思考题：
1.为什么学习国际经济学非常重要？
2.列举体现当前国际经济学问题的一些重要事件，它们为什么重要？
3.当今世界面临的最重要的国家经济问题是什么？全球化的利弊各是什么？
Chapter 2: The Law of Comparative Advantage
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. The Mercantilists did not advocate:
*A.free trade
B. stimulating the nation's exports
C. restricting the nations' imports
D. the accumulation of gold by the nation
2. According to Adam Smith, international trade was based on:
*A. absolute advantage
B. comparative advantage
C. both absolute and comparative advantage
D. neither absolute nor comparative advantage
3. What proportion of international trade is based on absolute advantage?
A. All
B. most
*C. some
D. none
4. The commodity in which the nation has the smallest absolute disadvantage is the commodity of its:
A. absolute disadvantage
B. absolute advantage
C. comparative disadvantage
*D. comparative advantage
5. If in a two-nation (A and B), two-commodity (X and Y) world, it is established tha t nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X, then nation B must have:
A. an absolute advantage in commodity Y
B. an absolute disadvantage in commodity Y
C. a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y
*D. a comparative advantage in commodity Y
6. If with one hour of labor time nation A can produce either 3X or 3Y while nation B can produce either 1X or 3Y (and labor is the only input):
A. nation A has a comparative disadvantage in commodity X
B. nation B has a comparative disadvantage in commodity Y
*C. nation A has a comparative advantage in commodity X
D. nation A has a comparative advantage in neither commodity
7. With reference to the statement in Question 6:
A. Px/Py=1 in nation A
B. Px/Py=3 in nation B
C. Py/Px=1/3 in nation B
*D. all of the above
8. With reference to the statement in Question 6, if 3X is exchanged for 3Y:
A. nation A gains 2X
*B. nation B gains 6Y
C. nation A gains 3Y
D. nation B gains 3Y
9. With reference to the statement of Question 6, the range of mutually beneficial tra de between nation A and B is:
A. 3Y < 3X < 5Y
B. 5Y < 3X < 9Y
*C. 3Y < 3X < 9Y
D. 1Y < 3X < 3Y
10. If domestically 3X=3Y in nation A, while 1X=1Y domestically in nation B:
A. there will be no trade between the two nations
B. the relative price of X is the same in both nations
C. the relative price of Y is the same in both nations
*D. all of the above
11. Ricardo explained the law of comparative advantage on the basis of:
*A. the labor theory of value
B. the opportunity cost theory
C. the law of diminishing returns
D. all of the above
12. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The combined demand for each commodity by the two nations is negatively slope d
B. the combined supply for each commodity by the two nations is rising stepwise
C. the equilibrium relative commodity price for each commodity with trade is giv en by the intersection of the demand and supply of each commodity by the two nati ons
*D. all of the above
13. A difference in relative commodity prices between two nations can be based upo
 difference in:
n a difference 
A. factor endowments
B. technology
C. tastes
*D. all of the above
14. In the trade between a small and a large nation:
A. the large nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade
*B. the small nation is likely to receive all of the gains from trade
C. the gains from trade are likely to be equally shared
D. we cannot say
15. The Ricardian trade model has been empirically
*A. verified
B. rejected
C. not tested
D. tested but the results were inconclusive
思考题：
比较优势原理所带来的贸易所得是从何而来的？贸易利益又是如何分配的？
现实世界中比较优势是如何度量的？你认为目前中国具有比较优势的商品有哪些？这意味着什么？
比较优势会不会发生变化？什么样的原因可能会导致其变化？
经济学家是如何验证比较优势原理的？
Chapter 3: The Standard Theory of International Trade
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. A production frontier that is concave from the origin indicates that the nation incur s i ncreasing 
increasing opportunity costs in the production of:
A. commodity X only
B. commodity Y only
*C. both commodities
D. neither commodity
2. The marginal rate of transformation (MRT) of X for Y refers to:
A. the amount of Y that a nation must give up to produce each additional unit of X
B. the opportunity cost of X
C. the absolute slope of the production frontier at the point of production
*D. all of the above
3. Which of the following is not a reason for increasing opportunity costs:
*A. technology differs among nations
B. factors of production are not homogeneous
C. factors of production are not used in the same fixed proportion in the production of all commodities
D. for the nation to produce more of a commodity, it must use resources that are le ss and less suited in the production of the commodity
4. Community indifference curves:
A. are negatively sloped
B. are convex to the origin
C. should not cross
*D. all of the above
5. The marginal rate of substitution (MRS) of X for Y in consumption refers to the:
A. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y and still remain o n the same indifference curve
*B. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X and still remain
on the same indifference curve
C. amount of X that a nation must give up for one extra unit of Y to reach a higher indifference curve
D. amount of Y that a nation must give up for one extra unit of X to reach a higher indifference curve
6. Which of the following statements is true with respect to the MRS of X for Y?
A. It is given by the absolute slope of the indifference curve
B. declines as the nation moves down an indifference curve
C. rises as the nation moves up an indifference curve
*D. all of the above
 7. Which of the following statements about community indifference curves is true?
A. They are entirely unrelated to individuals' community indifference curves
B. they cross, they cannot be used in the analysis
*C. the problems arising from intersecting community indifference curves can be over come by the application of the compensation principle
D. all of the above.
 8. Which of the following is not true for a nation that is in equilibrium in isolation?
*A. It consumes inside its production frontier
B. it reaches the highest indifference curve possible with its production frontier
C. the indifference curve is tangent to the nation's production frontier
D. MRT of X for Y equals MRS of X for Y, and they are equal to Px/Py
 9. If the internal Px/Py is lower in nation 1 than in nation 2 without trade:
A. nation 1 has a comparative advantage in commodity Y
B. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity X
*C. nation 2 has a comparative advantage in commodity Y
D. none of the above
10. Nation 1's share of the gains from trade will be greater:
A. the greater is nation 1's demand for nation 2's exports
*B. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 2's pretrade Px/Py
C. the weaker is nation 2's demand for nation 1's exports
D. the closer Px/Py with trade settles to nation 1's pretrade Px/Py
11. If Px/Py exceeds the equilibrium relative Px/Py with trade
equilibr A. the nation exporting commodity X will want to export more of X than at e quilibr ium
equilibri B. the nation importing commodity X will want to import less of X than at e quilibri um
C. Px/Py will fall toward the equilibrium Px/Py
*D. all of the above
12. With free trade under increasing costs:
A. neither nation will specialize completely in production
B. at least one nation will consume above its production frontier
C. a small nation will always gain from trade
*D. all of the above
13. Which of the following statements is false?
A.The gains from trade can be broken down into the gains from exchange and the gains from specialization
B. gains from exchange result even without specialization
*C. gains from specialization result even without exchange
D. none of the above
14. The gains from exchange with respect to the gains from specialization are alway s:
A. greater
B. smaller
C. equal
*D. we cannot say without additional information
15. Mutually beneficial trade cannot occur if production frontiers are:
A. equal but tastes are not
B. different but tastes are the same
C. different and tastes are also different
*D. the same and tastes are also the same.
思考题：
国际贸易的标准理论与大卫.李嘉图的比较优势原理有何异同？
两国仅仅由于需求偏好不同可以进行市场分工和狐狸贸易吗？
两国仅仅由于要素禀赋不同和/或生产技术不同可以进行分工和贸易吗?
Chapter 4: Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of Trade
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following statements is correct? 
A. The demand for imports is given by the excess demand for the commodity
B. the supply of exports is given by the excess supply of the commodity
C. the supply curve of exports is flatter than the total supply curve of the commodity *
D. all of the above
2. At a relative commodity price above equilibrium
A. the excess demand for a commodity exceeds the excess supply of the commodity
B. the quantity demanded of imports exceeds the quantity supplied of exports
*C. the commodity price will fall
D. all of the above
3. The offer curve of a nation shows:
A. the supply of a nation's imports
B. the demand for a nation's exports
C. the trade partner's demand for imports and supply of exports
*D. the nation's demand for imports and supply of exports
4. The offer curve of a nation bulges toward the axis measuring the nations
A. import commodity
*B. export commodity
C. export or import commodity
D. nontraded commodity
5. Export prices must rise for a nation to increase its exports because the nation:
A. incurs increasing opportunity costs in export production
B. faces decreasing opportunity costs in producing import substitutes
C. faces decreasing marginal rate of substitution in consumption
*D. all of the above
6. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is false?
A. It relies on traditional demand and supply curves
B. it isolates for study one market
*C. it can be used to determine the equilibrium relative commodity price but not the equilibrium quantity with trade
D. none of the above
7. Which of the following statements regarding partial equilibrium analysis is true?
A. The demand and supply curve are derived from the nation's production frontier an d indifference map
B. It shows the same basic information as offer curves
C. It shows the same equilibrium relative commodity prices as with offer curves
*D. all of the above
 8. In what way does partial equilibrium analysis differ from general equilibrium analy sis?
A. The former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium price with trade
B. the former but not the latter can be used to determine the equilibrium quantity with trade
C. the former but not the latter takes into consideration the interaction among all ma rkets in the economy
*D. the former gives only an approximation to the answer sought.
9. If the terms of trade of a nation are 1.5 in a two-nation world, those of the trade
partner are:
A. 3/4
*B. 2/3
C. 3/2
D. 4/3
10. If the terms of trade increase in a two-nation world, those of the trade partner:
*A. deteriorate
B. improve
C. remain unchanged
D. any of the above
11. If a nation does not affect world prices by its trading, its offer curve:
A. is a straight line
B. bulges toward the axis measuring the import commodity
*C. intersects the straight-line segment of the world's offer curve
D. intersects the positively-sloped portion of the world's offer curve
12. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:
A. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodity
B. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its import commodit
y
C. the partner's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity *
D. the nation's offer curve rotates toward the axis measuring its export commodity
13. If the nation's tastes for its import commodity increases:
A. the nation's terms of trade remain unchanged
*B. the nation's terms of trade deteriorate
C. the partner's terms of trade deteriorate
D. any of the above
14. If the tastes for a nation import commodity increases, trade volume:
*A. increases
B. declines
C. remains unchanged
D. any of the above
15. A deterioration of a nation's terms of trade causes the nation's welfare to:
A. deteriorate
B. improve
C. remain unchanged
*D. any of the above
思考题：
提供曲线如何推导？有何用途？
两国贸易时的均衡商品价格是如何决定的？受哪些因素影响？
贸易条件的含义是？贸易条件的改善意味着什么？哪些因素可能导致贸易条件的改善？Chapter 5: Factor Endowments and the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. The H-O model extends the classical trade model by:
A. explaining the basis for comparative advantage
B. examining the effect of trade on factor prices
*C. both A and B
D. neither A nor B
2. Which is not an assumption of the H-O model:
A. the same technology in both nations
B. constant returns to scale
*C. complete specialization
D. equal tastes in both nations
3. With equal technology nations will have equal K/L in production if:
*A. factor prices are the same
B. tastes are the same
C. production functions are the same
D. all of the above
4. We say that commodity Y is K-intensive with respect to X when:
A. more K is used in the production of Y than X
B. less L is used in the production of Y than X
*C. a lower L/K ratio is used in the production of Y than X
D. a higher K/L is used in the production of X than Y
5. When w/r falls, L/K
A. falls in the production of both commodities
*B. rises in the production of both commodities
C. can rise or fall
D. is not affected
6. A nation is said to have a relative abundance of K if it has a:
A. greater absolute amount of K
B. smaller absolute amount of L
C. higher L/K ratio
*D. lower r/w
 7. A difference in relative commodity prices between nations can be based on a diffe rence in:
A. technology
B. factor endowments
C. tastes
*D. all of the above
 8. In the H-O model, international trade is based mostly on a difference in:
A. technology
*B. factor endowments
C. economies of scale
D. tastes
 9. According to the H-O model, trade reduces international differences in:
A. relative but not absolute factor prices
B. absolute but not relative factor prices
*C. both relative and absolute factor prices
D. neither relative nor absolute factor prices
10. According to the H-O model, international trade will:
A. reduce international differences in per capita incomes
B. increases international differences in per capita incomes
*C. may increase or reduce international differences in per capita incomes D. lead to complete specialization
11. The H-O model is a general equilibrium model because it deals with:
A. production in both nations
B. consumption in both nations
C. trade between the two nations
*D. all of the above
12. The H-O model is a simplification of the a truly general equilibrium model b ecause 
because it deals with:
A. two nations
B. two commodities
C. two factors of production
*D. all of the above
13. The Leontief paradox refers to the empirical finding that U.S.
*A. import substitutes are more K-intensive than exports
B. imports are more K-intensive than exports
C. exports are more L-intensive than imports
D. exports are more K-intensive than import substitutes
14. From empirical studies, we conclude that the H-O theory:
A. must be rejected
B. must be accepted without reservations
*C. can be accepted while awaiting further testing
D. explains all international trade
15. For factor reversal to occur, two commodities must be produced with:
*A. sufficiently different elasticity of substitution of factors
B. the same K/L ratio
C. technologically-fixed factor proportions
D. equal elasticity of substitution of factors
思考题：
H-O理论有哪些假设？各假设的含义是什么？为什么要做出这些假设？
如何检验H-O理论的正确性？
H-O-S定理的假设条件又是什么？他与生产要素国际间的流动有何关系？
如何检验H-O-S定理在现实中的可靠性？
Chapter 6: Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International T rade
Multiple-Choice Questions:
1. Relaxing the assumptions on which the Heckscher-Ohlin theory rests:
A. leads to rejection of the theory
B. leaves the theory unaffected
*C. requires complementary trade theories
D. any of the above.
Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, leav e
the theory unaffected?
t he 
A. Two nations, two commodities, and two factors
B. both nations use the same technology
C. the same commodity is L-intensive in both nations
*D. all of the above
Which of the following assumptions of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory, when relaxed, require new trade theories?
r equire 
*A. Economies of scale
B. incomplete specialization
C. similar tastes in both nations
D. the existence of transportation costs
International trade can be based on economies of scale even if both nations have ide ntical:
A. factor endowments
B. tastes
C. technology
*D. all of the above
5. A great deal of international trade:
A. is intra-industry trade
B. involves differentiated products
C. is based on monopolistic competition
*D. all of the above
6. The Heckscher-Ohlin and new trade theories explains most of the trade:
A. among industrial countries
B. between developed and developing countries
C. in industrial goods
*D. all of the above
The theory that a nation exports those products for which a large domestic market e xists
was advanced by:
w as 
*A. Linder
B. Vernon
C. Leontief
D. Ohlin
8. Intra-industry trade takes place:
A. because products are homogeneous
*B. in order to take advantage of economies of scale
C. because perfect competition is the prevalent form of market organization
D. all of the above
If a nation exports twice as much of a differentiated product that it imports, its intra- i ndustry 
industry (T) index is equal to:
A. 1.00
B. 0.75
*C. 0.50
D. 0.25
10. Trade based on technological gaps is closely related to:
A. the H-O theory
*B. the product-cycle theory
C. Linder's theory
D. all of the above
11. Which of the following statements is true with regard to the product-cycle theor y?
A. It depends on differences in technological changes over time among countries
B. it depends on the opening and the closing of technological gaps among countries
C. it postulates that industrial countries export more advanced products to less advan
ced countries
*D. all of the above
12. Transport costs:
A. increase the price in the importing country
B. reduces the price in the exporting country
*C. both of the above
D. neither A nor B.
13. Transport costs can be analyzed:
A. with demand and supply curves
B. production frontiers
C. offer curves
*D. all of the above
14. The share of transport costs will fall less heavily on the nation:
*A. with the more elastic demand and supply of the traded commodity
B. with the less elastic demand and supply of the traded commodity
C. exporting agricultural products
D. with the largest domestic market
15. A footloose industry is one in which the product:
A. gains weight in processing
B. loses weight in processing
C. both of the above
*D. neither A nor B.
思考题：
本章的贸易理论与基于比较优势的贸易理论有哪些不同？这两类贸易理论是互相排斥的吗？
H-O理论与心贸易理论之间有什么经验关联？运输成本对H-O定理和H-O-S定理有何影响？
不同的环保标准时如何影响产业选址及国际贸易的？
2009年底联合国哥本哈根气候大会中的议题与国际贸易有何关系？这对我国经贸发展有何影响？
Chapter 7: Economic Growth and International Trade Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Dynamic factors in trade theory refer to changes in:
A. factor endowments
B. technology
C. tastes
*D. all of the above
2. Doubling the amount of L and K under constant returns to scale:
A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity
B. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodity
C. leaves the shape of the production frontier unchanged
*D. all of the above.
3. Doubling only the amount of L available under constant returns to scale:
A. less than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity
*B. more than doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity
C. doubles the output of the K-intensive commodity
D. leaves the output of the K-intensive commodity unchanged
4. The Rybczynski theorem postulates that doubling L at constant relative commodity prices:
A. doubles the output of the L-intensive commodity
*B. reduces the output of the K-intensive commodity
C. increases the output of both commodities
D. any of the above
5. Doubling L is likely to:
A. increases the relative price of the L-intensive commodity
B. reduces the relative price of the K-intensive commodity
*C. reduces the relative price of the L-intensive commodity
D. any of the above
Technical progress that increases the productivity of L proportionately more than the productivity of K is called:
p roductivity 
*A. capital saving
B. labor saving
C. neutral
D. any of the above
7. A 50 percent productivity increase in the production of commodity Y:
A. increases the output of commodity Y by 50 percent
B. does not affect the output of X
C. shifts the production frontier in the Y direction only
*D. any of the above
8. Doubling L with trade in a small L-abundant nation:
*A. reduces the nation's social welfare
B. reduces the nation's terms of trade
C. reduces the volume of trade
D. all of the above
 9. Doubling L with trade in a large L-abundant nation:
A. reduces the nation's social welfare
B. reduces the nation's terms of trade
C. reduces the volume of trade
*D. all of the above
If, at unchanged terms of trade, a nation wants to trade more after growth, then the n ation's 
nation's terms of trade can be expected to:
*A. deteriorate
B. improve
C. remain unchanged
D. any of the above
 A proportionately greater increase in the nation's supply of labor than of capital is lik ely
 to result in a deterioration in the nation's terms of trade if the nation exports:
to 
A. the K-intensive commodity
*B. the L-intensive commodity
C. either commodity
D. both commodities
12. Technical progress in the nation's export commodity:
*A. may reduce the nation's welfare
B. will reduce the nation's welfare
C. will increase the nation's welfare
D. leaves the nation's welfare unchanged
13. Doubling K with trade in a large L-abundant nation:
A. increases the nation's welfare
B. improves the nation's terms of trade
C. reduces the volume of trade
*D. all of the above
14. An increase in tastes for the import commodity in both nations:
A. reduces the volume of trade
*B. increases the volume of trade
C. leaves the volume of trade unchanged
D. any of the above
15. An increase in tastes of the import commodity of Nation A and export in B:
*A. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation A
B. will increase the terms of trade of Nation A
C. will reduce the terms of trade of Nation B
D. any of the above
思考题：
要素积累和技术进步如何影响一国的生产可能性曲线的形状和位置？
何种类型的经济增长最可恩能够导致国家福利的下降？那种类型的经济增长最可能导致国家福利的改善？
Chapter 8: Trade Restrictions: Tariffs
Multiple-choice Questions
1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
A. An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a percentage of the value of the traded com modity
B. A specific tariff is expressed as a fixed sum of the value of the traded commodity.
C. Export tariffs are prohibited by the U.S. Constitution
*D. The U.S. uses exclusively the specific tariff 
2. A small nation is one:
A. which does not affect world price by its trading
B. which faces an infinitely elastic world supply curve for its import commodity
C. whose consumers will pay a price that exceeds the world price by the amount of t he tariff
*D. all of the above
3. If a small nation increases the tariff on its import commodity, its:
A. consumption of the commodity increases
B. production of the commodity decreases
C. imports of the commodity increase
*D. none of the above
The increase in producer surplus when a small nation imposes a tariff is measured by the area:
*A. to the left of the supply curve between the commodity price with and without th e tariff
B. under the supply curve between the quantity produced with and without the tariff
C. under the demand curve between the commodity price with and without the tariff
D. none of the above.。