2011年自考英语(二)最全复习资料
英语二自考历年真题及答案(2011-2014)
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷及答案（课程代码：00015）I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork.A. persuade B .pursue C. persist D.proceed2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions.A. obligationB.evidenceC.transactionD.motivation3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag.A.to B .for C.on D.at4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media.A.requestB.requireC.inquireD.acquire5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along.A.I realizedB.did I realizeC.I did realizeD.realized I6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer.A.appreciateB.admireC.enjoyD.like7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year.A .importance B. attention C.significance D.popularity8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes.A. thatB.andC.henceD.as9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.A.going throughB.going in forC.going afterD.going over10.Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is.A.putting outB.turning outC.working outD.running out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
2011年04月自考英语(二)真题及解析
2011年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷及答案（课程代码：00015）ⅠVocabulary and Structure(10points 1 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.You may use bike________ you give it back to me tomorrow morning.A. unlessB. providedC. thoughD. because答案：B解析：如果你明天能还我的话，自行车你就可以用。
2.He could not ________his tears on hearing that he was not admitted to the university.A. hold upB. hold backC. get overD. get through答案：B解析：他听说没有被这所大学录取时止不住流了眼泪。
3.Good parents have the ability to communicate messages of love, trust, and self-worth ______their children.A. onB. forC. withD. to答案：C解析：communicate with与某人交流。
4.The teacher required that all errors should be _______ before the students turn in their term paper.A. deportedB. eliminatedC. deprivedD. implemented答案：B解析：eliminate v.除去；剔除；忽略；淘汰5.A person is lucky if his career ________with his interest and hobby.A. concernsB. competesC. coincidesD. compares答案：C解析：coincide with与···相符合。
自考英语2复习资料
自考英语2复习资料自考英语2复习资料在历次自考中都占据重要的地位，自考的成或败很大程度上也取决于考生的英语，下面请看店铺带来的自考英语2复习资料自考英语2复习资料一、自考英语2复习资料二、常考句型1、范万德尔重病在身，再也不能说清楚话，他知道他没有康复的希望，身体状况正在急剧恶化。
P2Affected w ith a serious disease, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there w as no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.2、在让自己的医生注射最后结束生命的那一针之前，范万德尔生命中的最后三个月被拍摄了下来，去年在荷兰电视上首次播出。
P3 Van Wendel’s last three months of life before being give n a final, lethal injection by his doctor w ere filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.3、从那时开始，已有20 多个国家买下了这个节目，每次播放都引起了对这一的'全国性大辩论。
P3The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationw ide debate on the subject.4、那些反对安乐死的人实际在告诉我，临终者没有这个权利。
P9What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven’t the right.三、习题1.词汇英译汉. weaken . deteriorate .debate . legal. request . criterion . ensure . oppose tradition consideration disabled . burdenvulnerable prohibition sensitive词组：. to debate on . to make request for be opposed to . to take … into account2.句子英译汉（重点句）Affected w ith a serious disease, van Wendal w as no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there w as no hope of recovery and that his condition w as rapidly deteriorating.Van Wendel’s last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by hisdoctor w ere filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is show n, it starts a nationw ide debate on the subject.What those people w ho oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people ha ven’t theright.The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering , that there is nochance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia .I think that anything that legally allow s the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.3.句子汉译英 P.59安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦。
2011年自考英语二复习资料(2)
2011年自考英语二复习资料（2）1. astronomer: n 天文学家；astronomy: n 天文学2.explode: v 爆炸,由此联想：explosive: a 爆炸性的/n 炸药；explosion: n 爆炸1). When the bomb______, many people were seriously wounded.2). The unexpected ________ frightened the little girl.3). It might be possible to convert _____ energy into heat.Answers: exploded, explosion, explosive3. density: n 密度；联想产生：dense: a 密度大的，反义词：sparse;densely: ad高密度地；densely-populated人口稠密的；sparsely-populated人口稀疏的1). The ____ fog kept the travelers from finding the correct direction.2). The business area of the city is _____ populated.3). This liquid has a much greater ____ than water.Answers: dense, densely, density4. shrink: v 收缩、退缩、缩水1). As a result of careless washing, the jacket has shrunk to a child's size.2).The girl shrinks at the sight of blood.5. measurement: n 衡量、测量；由此联想：measure: n措施/v 衡量、测量；measurable: a 可衡量的，可测量的1). We must take _____ to protect our environment.2). We have come within ______ distance of success.3). Clocks give us a ______ of time.4). There the rainfall is ______ not in inches but in feet.Answers: measures, measurable, measurement, measured6.implication: n 含义、暗示；imply: v 暗示7. basis: n 基础、根据，由此可以联想得到：base: n 底部；v 以…为底，为根据；basic: a 基础的，根本的；basically: ad 根本上来说,1). If you want to improve your English, you must have a solid ______.2). The furniture of out dorm is really _____: two beds, two chairs and tables.3). The charges are false for they are not ______ on proven facts.4). Since no better plan can be worked out, we have to adopt the ____ workable one.Answers: basis, basic, based, basically8. observatory: n 天文台；由此可以联想得到：observe: v 观察；observation: n 观察；observer: n 观察家9. convincing: a 有说服力的，使人信服的；convince: v 使人信服；convinced: a 感到有说服力的，常见搭配：convince sb of sth; convince sb that1). He gave us a convincing speech.2). He convinced me f his sincerity.10. operate: v 运转、操作、动手术；operation : n 手术，操作；operator: 操作者11. research into对…进行研究She is researching into possible cures for AIDS.12. swallow up: 吞没、耗尽Many small businesses have been swallowed up by large companies.13. apply to sb/sth：适用于某人/某事，请对比：apply to sb for sth向某人申请某事；apply A to B将A 应用于B1). Y ou should apply what you have learned to your work.2). I applied to him for a new job.3). The study method doesn't apply to everyoneAnalyze the important sentences among the text1. Well, it's difficult to answer this question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here.(p1)译：哦，这个问题很难回答，因为我们通常用来描述一种科学现象的现有术语在这里不够用。
2011年下半年专科衔接自考本科衔接课程考试 00015英语二复习资料答案(2011年版)
2011年下半年专科衔接自考本科衔接课程考试英语(二) 复习资料I. 语法、词汇第一节：单项选择从每小题列出的四个备选项中，选出一个最佳选项。
1.I will phone up today and _________ a window table for four.A. renewB. reserveC. reduceD. resume2.Many people suffer memory _________, or a clouded memory.A. loseB. lostC. lossD. loose3.He is superior _________ his brother in mathematics.A. toB. thanC. forD. from4.She looked as if she ________ some bad news.A. haveB. hasC. has hadD. had had5.She studied hard at school when she was young, _________ contributes to her success in hercareer.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what6.He is an experienced engineer. He ________ on software design for six years.A. was workingB. has been workingC. has workedD. worked7.Tom speaks a little French, ________ he can‟t write in it.A. butB. soC. asD. or8.There are two rooms. One is big and bright. ________ is small and dark.A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. the others9.Thanksgiving, a religious festival, is ________ in many countries.A. observedB. servedC. deservedD. conserved10.The table ________ too much room. You may move it out.A. sets upB. stays upC. puts upD. takes up11.There are always some people ________ happily in the park.A. talkB. talksC. talkingD. are talking12._________ you know the rules of grammar, you will be able to write correctly.A. AsB. AlthoughC. SoD. Unless13.In spite of his quick temper, he is sincere, ________ and warm-hearted.A. generalB. generousC. generateD. genetic14.We can cure ________ diseases with medicine, but the only cure for loneliness, despair, andhopelessness is love.A. physicalB. mentalC. personalD. punctual15.I hear he ________ abroad, I wonder when he left.A. isB. wentC. has goneD. has been16.The bank put pressure on the company to ________ its borrowings.A. resistB. removeC. rejectD. reduce17.It was when he was about to leave the office ________ the telephone rang.A. asB. thatC. whileD. when18.In order to keep fit, many people go to work on foot ___________ by bus.A. in steadB. insteadC. in stead ofD. instead of19.We hoped that by the end of the year we _______ the job.A. finishedB. will finishC. would have finished D had finished20.We'll _________ the ticket for you till tomorrow noon.A. renewB. reserveC. reduceD. resume21.I tried to make up for my _________ by taking a part-time job.A. lossB. lostC. loseD. loose22.Fresh coffee is superior _________ instant coffee in taste.A. toB. thanC. forD. from23.The light in her office is off. She ________ home.A. must goB. must have goneC. must be goingD. must have been going24.Einstein was one of the greatest men ____ ever lived.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which25.By 2050, scientists surely ________ a cure for AIDS.A. discoverB. have discoveredC. will discoverD. will have discovered第二节：词形转换选用方框里的词完成下列句子，请注意转换词形1.The child was ___________ (anxiety) for a new bike as his birthday gift.2.Everybody has his/her rights to make his/her own_________ (decide).3.Reading good books is ___________ (help) to children.4.The news created quite a __________ (disturb) among the crowd.5.Good novels __________ (broad) your horizons.6.If I spend all the time on the beaches, I may get __________ (bore).7.I seldom miss a sports ___________ (competitive).8.__________ (curious) is a sign of the desire to understand the world around us better.9.As a rule, our __________ (academy) year begins in September.10.I gave him full directions to __________ (able) him to find the bus station.11.I must ___________ (emphasis) the fact that she is only a little girl.12.Mary, my classmate, is so __________ (energy) that she never seems to feel tired.13.They had expected to finish the task within one week, but ________(fortunate), somethingmore urgent came up.14.The noise of traffic is a continual ___________ (disturb).15.Her performance didn't rate high in the __________ (competitive).16.As one of the organizers, you are ___________ (respond) for planning, organizing, budgetingand managing Traffic section.17.She already has good __________ (academy) qualifications under her belt.18.Many countries have gained national __________ (dependence) after prolonged struggles.19.You should __________ (broad) your experience by travelling more.20.People who live in small towns often seem more __________ (friend) than those living indensely populated areas.II. 阅读理解第一节：快速阅读根据文章内容，判断下列说法是否正确。
英语二自学考试历年真题与答案(2011_2014)
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷及答案（课程代码：00015）I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork.A. persuade B .pursue C. persist D.proceed2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions.A. obligationB.evidenceC.transactionD.motivation3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag.A.to B .for C.on D.at4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media.A.requestB.requireC.inquireD.acquire5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along.A.I realizedB.did I realizeC.I did realizeD.realized I6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer.A.appreciateB.admireC.enjoyD.like7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year.A .importance B. attention C.significance D.popularity8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes.A. thatB.andC.henceD.as9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.A.going throughB.going in forC.going afterD.goingover10.Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is.A.putting outB.turning outC.working outD.running outII. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
2011年自考英语(二)最全复习资料
2011年自考英语（二）章节复习资料汇总重点单词扩充讲解：1. organizational: a 组织上的由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织；organization: n 组织；organizer: n 组织者请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空：1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing.2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill.3). China has joined World Trade __________.4). He is the __________ of the speech contest.Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的3. predict: v 预言、预示；由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言；predictable: a 可预测的；predictor: n 预言家4. simplify: v 简化由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的；simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地；simplification: n 简化；simplified: a 被简化的。
Exercises for the above words:1). The machine is _____ in operation but complex in structure.2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while ____ edition is quite easy.3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _______ a question of procedure.4). The ______ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor.Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…，tend to do sthe.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.Or old people tend to get fatter.6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的；由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营；management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者；manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。
自考英语二历年试题(真题)与答案(参考)
自考英语二历年试题(真题)与答案2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一具最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork.A. persuade B .pursue C. persist D.proceed2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions.A. obligationB.evidenceC.transactionD.motivation3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag.A.to B .for C.on D.at4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media.A.requestB.requireC.inquireD.acquire5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along.A.I realizedB.did I realizeC.I did realizeD.realized I6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer.A.appreciateB.admireC.enjoyD.like7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year.A .importance B. attention C.significance D.popularity8 .She has no hostility to us,_____can bejudged from her eyes.A. thatB.andC.henceD.as9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.A.going throughB.going in forC.going afterD.going over10.Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is.A.putting outB.turning outC.working outD.running outII. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
自考英语二历年试题真题及答案
自考英语二历年试题真题及答案2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷I。
Vocabulary and Structure (10 points。
1 point each)1.Students should pursue their own interests as well as do their XXX.2.I'd like to remind you that there is no n on the part of XXX.3.XXX.4.XXX our families。
schools。
jobs。
and the mass media.5.XXX.6.I don't need any help at the moment。
but I XXX.7.The sad n of women working as house servants around the world received much media n early this year.8.She has no hostility to us。
as can be judged from her eyes.9.When you're going through a crisis。
it often helps to talk to XXX.People around the world are currently observing "No Tobacco Day," a day in which the World Health n (WHO) encourages XXX products。
The hope is that if people can XXX using tobacco for one day。
they may be able to quit permanently。
自学考试英语二历年试题及答案整理（2011.4,2011.7,2012.1）
⾃学考试英语⼆历年试题及答案整理（2011.4,2011.7,2012.1）2011年4⽉⾼等教育⾃学考试全国统⼀命题考试英语（⼆）试卷（课程代码00015）ⅠVocabulary and Structure(10points 1 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出⼀个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂⿊。
1.Y ou may use bike________ you give it back to me tomorrow morning.A. unlessB. providedC. thoughD. because2.He could not ________his tears on hearing that he was not admitted to the universityA. hold upB. hold backC. get overD. get through3.Good parents have the ability to communicate messages of love, trust, and self-worth ______their childrenA. onB. forC. withD. to4.The teacher required that all errors should be _______eliminated before the students turn in their term paper.A. deportedB. eliminatedC. deprivedD. implemented5.A person is lucky if his career ________with his interest and hobby.A. concernsB. competesC. coincidersD. compares6.Out sleep influences our mood. our mood, ________,affects our performance.A. in returnB. in vainC. in shortD. in turn7.It was ________of you not to disturb us while we were sleeping.A. considerateB. consideringC. considerableD. considered8.I'd appreciate it very much if you could make some ________on my recent article at the conference.A. requestsB. referencesC. remarksD. restrictions9.He is ______absorbed in his own thoughts that he seems unaware of what's going on in the room.A. soB. eachC. veryD. much10.No sooner (选C)had I reached home than Michael arrived with Jane in his car.A. did I reachB.I had reachedC. had I reachedD.I reachedⅡ.Cloze Test(10point,1 point each)下列短⽂中有⼗个空⽩，每个空⽩有四个选项，根据上下⽂要求选出最佳答案。
2011自考英语（二）复习资料：UNIT6-1
⼀、word study spray,cast,expose,switch,critical ① spray n.1、⽔花，浪花；2、喷雾，喷雾状物 The spray of the waterfall is very beautiful. 瀑布的⽔花飞溅，⾮常漂亮。
A spray of bullets hit the tree behind which he w as hiding. ⼀阵喷射的⼦弹打中了他藏⾝其后的那棵树。
vt.喷，向。
喷射，喷涂 Fruit trees are sprayed regularly. 果树应定期喷上杀⾍剂。
The students sprayed questions at the teacher. 学⽣们连珠炮似的向⽼师提出⼀个⼜⼀个问题。
② cast vt.1、投，扔，抛，掷（at）；2、投射（光，影，视线等）（on,at）；3、浇铸，铸造 The boy cast a stone at the dog. 那个男孩向那条狗扔了块⽯头。
His w ords cast a new light on the problem. 他的话题使⼈们对这个问题有了新的认识。
The robot can cast steel after being reprogrammed. 在重新设定程序之后，机器⼈能浇铸钢材。
n.1、投，掷；2、模具；3、演员（阵容） The Beijing Theatre of People’s Art has a very strong cast. 北京⼈民艺术剧院有很强⼤的演员阵容。
③ expose vt.1、使暴露，使⾯临；2、揭露，揭发 The w orks w ere exposed to all kinds of w eather. ⼯⼈们经受风吹⾬打。
We should be aw are of the dangers of exposing children to violence on T V. 我们应当意识到⼉童接触有关暴⼒电视节⽬的危害。
《英语(二)》 自考资料整理
《英语（二）》复习资料语法主要考哪些项目？英语（二）最常考的语法项目包括：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、比较级、语序、主谓一致、强调句、基本句型。
* 最常考的时态：现在完成时、过去完成时、过去时、一般现在时和将来完成时。
* 最常考的非谓语动词：独立结构、动名词作某些动词的宾语、非谓语动词作定语和状语。
* 最常考的虚拟语气：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句和主句。
* 最常考的定语从句：where 引导的定语从句、名词/代词+ of + which引导的定语从句。
* 名词性从句：what，whether 引导的主语或宾语从句、that 引导的同位语从句。
* 状语从句：now that，in that，in case，as，while 引导的状语从句。
哪些词最有可能考单词拼写？严格来说，只要是考纲中包括的词都有可能出现在单词拼写大题中，但是从历年考题可以看出，某些词的命中率要高于其它词，有些词甚至反复考过，这说明考生在背单词的时候还是可以在全面覆盖的基础之上突出重点、提高效率的。
在这里我们不可能一一罗列重要的词汇，下面是我总结的英语（二）常考单词的特点：* 绝大部分是长度在5-8个字母之间的中等难度的词，如：victim，gesture等；* 拼写和读音不完全对称的词，如：dumb，subtle等。
* 个别非常简单、但课文中不是很常见的名词，如：tube.* 从词性上来看，最常考的依次是名词、形容词、动词、和副词。
在复习这些单词时，一定要以考试大纲为准，而不能只背教材后面的生词表。
一方面，教材后面的生词表中包含了不少超刚词，完全不会考到；另一方面，对英语（二）来说，从下册教材生词表中出的单词只占三分之一，不可能涵盖所有要考的内容。
同样在复习时一定要讲究准确性，确保背一个记准一个，而不能只是记个大概，最后写出来每个都差不多但每个都有错。
复习建议针对上述预测，我们如何制定冲刺阶段的复习计划呢？下面是我推荐的三步复习法。
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2011年自考英语（二）章节复习资料汇总重点单词扩充讲解：1. organizational: a 组织上的由此我们可以联想到：organize: v 组织； organization: n 组织； organizer: n 组织者请看下列习题，选择该组词里恰当的词填空：1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing.2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill.3). China has joined World Trade __________.4). He is the __________ of the speech contest.Answers: organized, organizational, Organization, organizer2. objective: n 目标； a 客观的，反义词subjective: 主观的3. predict: v 预言、预示；由此我们可以联想到：prediction: n 预言； predictable: a 可预测的； predictor: n 预言家4. simplify: v 简化由此我们可以联想到：simple: a 简单的； simply: ad 简单地，仅仅地； simplification: n 简化； simplified: a 被简化的。
Exercises for the above words:1). The machine is __ simple ___ in operation but complex in structure.2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while _simplifed___ edition is quite easy.3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is __simply_____ a question of procedure.4). The __simplification____ of working process freed the workers fro heavy labor.Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification5. tendency: n 趋势、倾向；tend : v 倾向于…，tend to do sthe.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.Or old people tend to get fatter.6. managerial: a 经理的、经营上的；由此我们可以联想到：manage: v管理、经营；management: n; manager: n 经营者，管理者； manageable: a 可管理的、可经营的。
7. argue: v 争辩、争论，常用固定搭配：argue with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人争论；argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事；argue sb out of doing sth说服某人不要做某事。
e.g. 1>. The young couple always argue with each other over their child’seducation.2>. I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.8. define: v 给…下定义； definition: n 定义9. profitability: n 赚钱，获利由此我们可以联想到：profit: n 利润； profitable: a 有利可图的, 有好处的；profitless: a 没有利润的。
1). He has made a _____ from running a small restaurant.2). The deal was _____ to all of us.3). They valued ______ differently, which led to disagreement as to the correctness of decision.Answer: profit, profitable; profitability.10. correctness: n 正确性；字根：correct: a 正确的； v 纠正， correction: n 纠正；incorrect: a 不正确的。
11. unintended: a 非计划中的，由此我们可以联想到：intend: v 打算，计划；intention: n ； intended: a 计划中的课文难句讲解、分析1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.(p1)译：决策就是从几种可以选择的做法中作出选择。
分析：该句是主系表结构。
made from among alternative courses of action that are available是过去分词短语做定语修饰a choice; 其中that are available是定语从句修饰courses of action.像这样一环修饰一环的句子结构在英文中很普遍，因此为了看懂句子大家必须学会分析。
这是整个英语学习过程中很重要的能力！2. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. (p1) 译：做出决策的原因是因为存在问题，目标或目的有错误，或者有某种东西防碍着它们的实现。
分析：该句又是主系表结构。
That引导三个并列的表语从句，①a problem exists，②goals or objectives are wrong；③something is standing in the way of accomplishing them。
短语：make a decision:做出决策；stand in the way: 阻挡、防碍3. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. (p2)译：通常管理者必须对未来的情况做出最佳预测，从而使偶然性尽可能少地发生，但因为不确定性总是存在，所以决策常伴随着风险。
分析：前半句是主谓宾结构。
what the future will be是at的宾语；as little as possible 做leave的宾语；since引导原因状语从句，相当于because.4. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3)译：如果没有选择，就不会有决策。
分析：这是一句很简单的条件状语从句，但它有一个很重要的考点：to be made。
这是动词不定式做定语修饰decision，有将来意味。
比如：The last question to be discussed today is how to divide the work among ourselves.5. For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3)译：对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律以及惯例等因素制约。
分析：这句话的考点是based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like。
同样是过去分词短语做定语修饰constraints。
其中词组：base…on以…为基础。
如：The film is based on s short story by Jack London.6. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives. (p4)译：但是这种简化的倾向使得他们看不到其他可供选择的方法。
分析：该句主语the tendency to simplify，谓语blinds; them是宾语。
to simplify是定语，修饰the tendency；to other alternatives是宾补。
其中短语：blind sb to sth:使…看不见…；we shouldn’t let our prejudices blind us to the facts.7. Because individuals (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. (p6 line 4--6) 译：因为个人（和组织）关于如何达到目的常有不同的观点，哪种是最优的选择可能要看是谁做出决策。
分析：这是一个由because引导的原因状语从句。
其中how to attain the goals做介词about的宾语，who makes the decision做介词on的宾语。
8. Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. (p7 line 2--4)译：其中有一些目标比其它的更重要，但其顺序和重要程度因人和不同的部门而异。