9.-非谓语动词(动词-ing形式和动词-ed-形式)

be addicted to…
沉迷于……
be absorbed in…
全神贯注于……
be aimed at…
旨在/意图……
be armed with…
有……装备
be buried in…
埋葬在……
be based on/upon… be burdened with… be crowded with… be covered with/by… be coated with… be combined with…
8. 固定句型 (1)There is no use/good/sense/harm＋doing sth. 做某事没用 (不好/没意义/没有害处) (2)have difficulty/trouble/problems/a hard time/a good time/ fun ＋ (in)＋doing (3)spend/waste/lose time (in) doing sth. (4)There is no... ＋ doing sth. (there is no 表“不可能”)
8. get, become, look, seem, appear, remain等系动词后都可跟
done, 表示被动或主语的状态，如remain seated/hidden, get
paid/dressed/changed/stuck/hurt/injured/ burnt等。
注：常用be done＋介词短语表示所处的状态，如下：
3．作定语 This is her father’s walking stick.
4．作宾语 When he came in, we all stopped talking.
注意： mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape consider, admit(承认)，
advise, appreciate, avoid, finish, face, practise, suggest, stop, delay, imagine, include, keep, quit, resist, pay attention to等 动词以及介词后接动名词作宾语。
v.-ing
ing is believing. 注意：
it作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但下列句型常用动 名词：
It is + no good (no use, fun, a waste of time) +doing…
2．作表语 His job is washing and cooking.
for Betty.
跟踪演练
A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, __B____all four people on board.
A. killed
B. killing
C. kills
D. to kill
making
being made
going
-ing 完成式:(先于谓语动词发生)
having made (不作定语）
having been made (不作定语)
having gone (不作定语)
-ed
只有一般式:不强调时间先后， 只说明原因、条件等
×
made(表被动) gone(表完成)
1．作主语
9 .使用v.-ing的几个注意点 (1)作状语用的现在分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同 一人或同一事。例如： Standing on top of the tall building, we could see the whole city.（正） (Standing＝When we stood) Standing on top of the tall building, the whole city could be seen.（误）
跟踪演练
Bill suggested ___C__ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai
Expo during the vacation.
A. having held
B. to hold
C. holding
D. hold
【解析】选C。suggest后面要接动名词作宾语，A项是动名词
【解析】选B。 句中逗号后没有任何连词，因此不是并列谓
语，可排除A项；C项时态不对也可排除；现在分词killing可
作状语表示飞机坠毁的结果，而不定式作结果状语时往往用
only to do形式。
6．v.-ing的时态：一般式和完成式 （1）如果动作没明确表示出时间是与谓语同时发生或在谓 语之前发生，用一般式。 We are interested in _p_l_a_y_in__g chess. （2）如果动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用 完成式。 I’m sorry for not _h_a_v_i_n_g_k__ep__t my promise. （3）在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表 示的动作之前发生的。
非谓语动词（动词-ing形式和动词-ed 形式）
性质
非谓语动词具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、 形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、 宾语补足语、状语，即：除谓语以外的一切成分。
非谓语动词时态&语态对照表
类别
及物与不及物
语态 时态
vt.
主动语态
被动语态
vi. 主动语态
一般式: (与谓语动词同时发生)
7.心理状态动词的-ing形式与-ed形式 所谓心理状态动词是指含有使动意义，使人产生某种情
感、心理变化的动词。例如：surprise使惊讶；interest使感 兴趣。它们的-ing形式含主动意义，-ed形式含被动意义。 皆可视为形容词。例如：surprising令人惊讶的；interesting 令 人 感 兴 趣 的 ； surprised （ 因 …… ） 感 到 惊 讶 的 ； interested（因……）感兴趣的。下面的句子可显示两者的 区别： The film is so interesting that they are all interested in it. She was much surprised at the surprising news.
如果要强调分词状语的动作发生的时间在谓语动作之前， 则 宜 用 v.-ing 完 成 被 动 式 ， 而不 用 过 去分 词 。 例如 ： Not having been invited, she had to stay at home.
5. 在have, get之后宜用过去分词作宾语补足语，不用v.-ing被 动式或不定式被动式作宾语补足语。例如： I’ll have my hair cut. (cut不能改为being cut或be cut) He got his watch repaired. (repaired不能改为being repaired 或to be repaired) 6. 在make, order, want, like, wish等动词后，多用过去分词作 宾语补足语，少用v.-ing被动式作宾语补足语。例如： The speaker couldn’t make himself heard.(一般不说being heard)
On hearing the bad news, she cried. I’ll never forget seeing that film for the first time.
7.v.-ing 的语态 doing being done having done having been done （1） He was afraid of _b_e_i_n_g_l_e_f_t _ at home. （2） The house showed no sign of _h_a_v_i_n_g__b_e_en__d_a_m__a_g_e_d__. 注意： 有些v.-ing在句中虽是主动形式，却有被动含义。 The house requires / needs / wants repairing. The book is worth reading.
4. 作时间状语，若动作先于句子的谓语动作发生，且有具 体的过去时间，不可用v.-ing一般被动式或完成被动式。例 如：Built in 1192 , the bridge was very useful.
如果没有具体的过去时间状语，可用过去分词或v.-ing完 成 被 动 式 。 例 如 ： Discussed( ＝ Having been discussed) many times, the problem was settled at last.
2. ___C___by the advances in technology, many farmers have
set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged
B. Encouraging
C. Encouraged
D. Having encouraged
(2)短暂动词（即瞬间动词）的现在分词被动式不可作宾语 补足语或定语。例如： He saw the old man knocked down by the car. (knocked down不可改为being knocked down或having been knocked down)
v.-ed 形式 1. 作定语：The stolen car was found by the police last week. 2. 作表语：The glass is broken. /When I got to the classroom, the door was locked. 3. 作宾语补足语：You must get/have your hair cut. 4. 作状语：Given more time, we can do the work much better.
的完成式表示发生在谓语动词suggested之前的 一个动作，由
句意可知不合题意。
5. 作状语： ①时间状语：Reading the letter, I couldn’t help thinking
of my school life. ②原因状语：Being ill, I didn’t go to school yesterday. ③方式或伴随状语：Mary stood at the school gate waiting
跟踪演练
1. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions __C___? A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take 【解析 】选C。句意：既然我们已经讨论了我们的问题， 人们对我们做的决定满意吗？decision和take之间是被动关 系，而A、B、D三项均表示主动，不合题意。
【解析】选C。encourage与主句主语many farmers之间为逻
辑上的动宾关系，因此应用被动形式，故排除B、D两项；A
项表示该动作正在进行，不符合题意；Encouraged by the
advances in technology为过去分词短语作原因状语。
v.-ing被动式与过去分词用法的区别 1. 作宾语时， v.-ing的一般被动式表示一个正在发生的被动 动作，过去分词则表示一个已发生过的被动动作或没有时间 性 的 状 态 。 例 如 ： Do you see the hospital built( 建 好 的)/being built (正在建造的) there? 2. 作原因状语， v.-ing被动式与过去分词可以互换。例如： Being led(＝Led )by the Party, the Chinese people have won great victories. 3. 作方式或伴随状语，不用v.-ing被动式，而用过去分词。 例如：The soldiers lay on the ground, covered with nothing.