基于单片机的步进电机升降频控制毕业论文
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§1.2.1 静态指标术语............................................................................. 4 §1.2.2 动态指标及术语......................................................................... 4 §1.4 单片机控制步进电机的升降频............................................................6
基于单片机的步进电机升降频控制
摘要
步进电机是一种将电脉冲转化为角位移的执行机构。当步进驱动器接收 到一个脉冲信号，它就驱动步进电机按设定的方向转动一个固定的角度（称 为“步距角”），它的旋转是以固定的角度一步一步运行的。可以通过控制 脉冲个数来控制角位移量，从而达到准确定位的目的；同时可以通过控制脉 冲频率来控制电机转动的速度和加速度，从而达到调速的目的。步进电机可 以作为一种控制用的特种电机，利用其没有积累误差（精度为 100%）的特点， 广泛应用于各种开环控制。
§1.1 步进电机工作原理及分类.....................................................................3 §1.2 步进电机的各种指标术语.....................................................................4
由于步进电机是靠输入脉冲来控制其运转的，本文采用单片机来控制步 进电机。单片机将各种功能部件集成在一块芯片上，可靠性和抗干扰能力比 较强，其输出的高低电平易于实现对步进电机的控制。采用单片机控制既能 减少硬件开销，也克服了硬件设计中一些元器件不能灵活变动和容易变值的 缺点。
大量实践证明，对于不同功率的步进电机，简单统一的直线升频技术， 不能够让电机工作在最佳效率状态下，本设计采用程序控制的指数曲线升降 频，能够方便地与不同电机的机械特性很好地适配，减少电机升降频所用的 时间，提高生产效率。
针对不同电机的机械特性我们专门设计了一个数据区这个数据区中的数据即确定了指数曲线的形状我们改变电机时只要根据电机的特性改变数据区的一些数据即可使曲线很好的与电机适配13步进电机升降频运行曲线步进电机控制系统硬件电路本文采用目前国内比较常用的单片机用与整个回路的控制单片机选用51系列的at89c51芯片芯片及其外围时钟电路和复位电路组成单片机最小系统按键sw1sw4做为输入控制uln2003做为步进电机驱动器件
step
目录
III
前 言............................................................................................................1 第 1 章 步进电机简介................................................................................2
Since stepping on the importation of electrical pulse is to control its functioning, the paper used to control the stepper motor SCM. SCM will all feature in an integrated chip, reliability and strong anti-interference capabilities, the output of the high-low easy to realize the stepper motor control. SCM control also used to reduce hardware costs, but also to overcome some of the hardware design changes can not be flexible and easy to change parts of the shortcomings.
本次设计使用 AT89C51 单片机产生脉冲信号来控制 35BY48S03 型步进电 机的运行。在升降频过程中，我们专门设计了一个数据区，这个数据区中的 数据确定了电机在升降频过程中按指数曲线规律变化。我们改变电机时，只 要根据电机的特性改变数据区的一些数据，即可使曲线很好的与电机适配。 该方法能使电机以较高的效率运行。
§3.2 步进电机数据区设计........................................................................... 16 §3.3 程序源代码............................................................................................ 18
§2.2 步进电机控制系统硬件电路图..........................................................13
第 3 章 步进电机控制系统软件设计....................................................13
结 论..........................................................................................................23 参考文献..................................................................................................... 24 致 谢..........................................................................................................25 附 录 1..................................................................................................... 26 附 录 2..................................................................................................... 27 外 文 材 料 译 文..................................................................................28
关键词：步进电机，单片机，升降频，步长
I
STEPER MOTOR FREQUENT MOVEMENT BASED ON MICROCONTROLLER UNIT CONTROL
ABSTRACT
Stepper motor is one kind transforms the electricity pulse as angular displacement's implementing agency. When stepper motor the driver to receive to a signal impulse, stepper motor on the actuation (to be called “step pitch angle” according to a hypothesis directional rotation fixed angle), its revolving is moves gradually by the fixed angle. May control the angular displacement through the steering impulse integer, thus achieves the accurate localization the goal; Simultaneously may control the speed which and the acceleration through the steering impulse frequency the electrical machinery rotates, thus achieves the velocity modulation the goal. Stepper motor to be possible to take the special electrical machinery which one kind of control uses, uses it cumulative error (precision has not been 100%) the characteristic, widely applies in each kind of open-loop control.
第 2 章 步进电机控制系统硬件电路......................................................8
§2.1 单片机及其外围电路介绍.................................................................... 9 §2.1.1 CPU 芯片....................................................................................... 9 §2.1.2 控制键电路............................................................................... 11 §2.1.3 步进电机驱动电路...................................................................12
The massive practices proved that Stepper motor regarding the high efficiency, the simple straight line rises the frequency technology, cannot let the electrical machinery work under the optimum efficiency condition, this article only then uses the curve line control the method, can reduce the electrical machinery to rise and fall the time which the frequency uses, raises electrical machinery's working efficiency, with electrical machinery's characteristic very good ada AT89C51 produce pulses to control 35BY48S03 type stepping motor running. In the process of lifting frequency， we designed a data area . the motor area in the lifting process of frequency changing regularity according to index curve by the data in the data. According to the characteristics of the data can make some data for different stepper motors， and well with the motor fit curve. This method can make the motor with high efficiency operation. KEY WORDS：stepper motor， microcontroller unit， frequent movements ，
§3.1 步进电机控制系统应用流程图..........................................................13 §3.1.1 主流程图....................................................................................14 §3.1.2 升频流程图............................................................................... 14 §3.1.3 降频流程图............................................................................... 14 §3.1.4 走一步子程序流程图.............................................................. 16
基于单片机的步进电机升降频控制
摘要
步进电机是一种将电脉冲转化为角位移的执行机构。当步进驱动器接收 到一个脉冲信号，它就驱动步进电机按设定的方向转动一个固定的角度（称 为“步距角”），它的旋转是以固定的角度一步一步运行的。可以通过控制 脉冲个数来控制角位移量，从而达到准确定位的目的；同时可以通过控制脉 冲频率来控制电机转动的速度和加速度，从而达到调速的目的。步进电机可 以作为一种控制用的特种电机，利用其没有积累误差（精度为 100%）的特点， 广泛应用于各种开环控制。
§1.1 步进电机工作原理及分类.....................................................................3 §1.2 步进电机的各种指标术语.....................................................................4
由于步进电机是靠输入脉冲来控制其运转的，本文采用单片机来控制步 进电机。单片机将各种功能部件集成在一块芯片上，可靠性和抗干扰能力比 较强，其输出的高低电平易于实现对步进电机的控制。采用单片机控制既能 减少硬件开销，也克服了硬件设计中一些元器件不能灵活变动和容易变值的 缺点。
大量实践证明，对于不同功率的步进电机，简单统一的直线升频技术， 不能够让电机工作在最佳效率状态下，本设计采用程序控制的指数曲线升降 频，能够方便地与不同电机的机械特性很好地适配，减少电机升降频所用的 时间，提高生产效率。
针对不同电机的机械特性我们专门设计了一个数据区这个数据区中的数据即确定了指数曲线的形状我们改变电机时只要根据电机的特性改变数据区的一些数据即可使曲线很好的与电机适配13步进电机升降频运行曲线步进电机控制系统硬件电路本文采用目前国内比较常用的单片机用与整个回路的控制单片机选用51系列的at89c51芯片芯片及其外围时钟电路和复位电路组成单片机最小系统按键sw1sw4做为输入控制uln2003做为步进电机驱动器件
step
目录
III
前 言............................................................................................................1 第 1 章 步进电机简介................................................................................2
Since stepping on the importation of electrical pulse is to control its functioning, the paper used to control the stepper motor SCM. SCM will all feature in an integrated chip, reliability and strong anti-interference capabilities, the output of the high-low easy to realize the stepper motor control. SCM control also used to reduce hardware costs, but also to overcome some of the hardware design changes can not be flexible and easy to change parts of the shortcomings.
本次设计使用 AT89C51 单片机产生脉冲信号来控制 35BY48S03 型步进电 机的运行。在升降频过程中，我们专门设计了一个数据区，这个数据区中的 数据确定了电机在升降频过程中按指数曲线规律变化。我们改变电机时，只 要根据电机的特性改变数据区的一些数据，即可使曲线很好的与电机适配。 该方法能使电机以较高的效率运行。
§3.2 步进电机数据区设计........................................................................... 16 §3.3 程序源代码............................................................................................ 18
§2.2 步进电机控制系统硬件电路图..........................................................13
第 3 章 步进电机控制系统软件设计....................................................13
结 论..........................................................................................................23 参考文献..................................................................................................... 24 致 谢..........................................................................................................25 附 录 1..................................................................................................... 26 附 录 2..................................................................................................... 27 外 文 材 料 译 文..................................................................................28
关键词：步进电机，单片机，升降频，步长
I
STEPER MOTOR FREQUENT MOVEMENT BASED ON MICROCONTROLLER UNIT CONTROL
ABSTRACT
Stepper motor is one kind transforms the electricity pulse as angular displacement's implementing agency. When stepper motor the driver to receive to a signal impulse, stepper motor on the actuation (to be called “step pitch angle” according to a hypothesis directional rotation fixed angle), its revolving is moves gradually by the fixed angle. May control the angular displacement through the steering impulse integer, thus achieves the accurate localization the goal; Simultaneously may control the speed which and the acceleration through the steering impulse frequency the electrical machinery rotates, thus achieves the velocity modulation the goal. Stepper motor to be possible to take the special electrical machinery which one kind of control uses, uses it cumulative error (precision has not been 100%) the characteristic, widely applies in each kind of open-loop control.
第 2 章 步进电机控制系统硬件电路......................................................8
§2.1 单片机及其外围电路介绍.................................................................... 9 §2.1.1 CPU 芯片....................................................................................... 9 §2.1.2 控制键电路............................................................................... 11 §2.1.3 步进电机驱动电路...................................................................12
The massive practices proved that Stepper motor regarding the high efficiency, the simple straight line rises the frequency technology, cannot let the electrical machinery work under the optimum efficiency condition, this article only then uses the curve line control the method, can reduce the electrical machinery to rise and fall the time which the frequency uses, raises electrical machinery's working efficiency, with electrical machinery's characteristic very good ada AT89C51 produce pulses to control 35BY48S03 type stepping motor running. In the process of lifting frequency， we designed a data area . the motor area in the lifting process of frequency changing regularity according to index curve by the data in the data. According to the characteristics of the data can make some data for different stepper motors， and well with the motor fit curve. This method can make the motor with high efficiency operation. KEY WORDS：stepper motor， microcontroller unit， frequent movements ，
§3.1 步进电机控制系统应用流程图..........................................................13 §3.1.1 主流程图....................................................................................14 §3.1.2 升频流程图............................................................................... 14 §3.1.3 降频流程图............................................................................... 14 §3.1.4 走一步子程序流程图.............................................................. 16