Redhat 6.5基于网络安装服务器配置

概述
本文以Redhat6.5为基础，通过配置网络安装服务器，实现Redhat Linux的网络安装。

主要用到的软件（服务）有DHCP,TFTP,NFS,Kickstart等。

本文只列出具体步骤，不含原理说明。

1. 基础配置
1.1 更改IP地址
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=08:00:27:53:44:fb
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=82affeef-922e-40b2-b89f-a5df8e9fa236
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.7.30
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.7.1
IPV6INIT=no
USERCTL=no
[root@localhost ~]# ifup eth0
Active connection state: activated
Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1
1.2 更改hostnme
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
[root@redhatnis ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=redhatnis
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hosts
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.7.30 redhatnis
1.3 关闭SELINUX及防火墙（iptables）
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@redhatnis ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config |grep disa
# d isabled - SELinux is fully disabled.
SELINUX=disabled
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig |grep ipta
iptables 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --level 2345 iptables off
[root@localhost ~]# shutdown -ry 0
2. 软件安装
2.1 挂载安装光盘
[root@redhatnis ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@redhatnis ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_root-lv_root 20G 6.2G 12G 35% /
tmpfs 940M 72K 940M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 39M 421M 9% /boot
/dev/sr0 3.6G 3.6G 0 100% /mnt
2.2 配置YUM源
[root@redhatnis ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@redhatnisyum.repos.d]# vi installmedia.repo
[root@redhatnisyum.repos.d]# cat installmedia.repo
[InstallMedia]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5
baseurl=file:///mnt/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@redhatnisyum.repos.d]# yum list
Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
InstallMedia
| 3.9 kB 00:00 ...
Installed Packages
ConsoleKit.x86_64 0.4.1-3.el6 @anaconda-RedHatEnterpriseLinux-201311111358.x86_64/6.5
2.3 安装所需软件
[root@redhatnis ~]# yum install -y -q xinetdtftptftp-server ftp vsftpddhcpnfs-utils
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
3. 配置DHCP Server
[root@redhatnis ~]# cd /etc/dhcp
[root@redhatnisdhcp]# vi dhcpd.conf
[root@redhatnisdhcp]# cat dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
# see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'
#
allow booting;
allow bootp;
#Boot 所需文件
filename "pxelinux.0";
#TFTP服务器IP
next-server 192.168.7.30;
subnet 192.168.7.0 netmask 255.255.255.0{
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
#IP地址范围
range 192.168.7.31 192.168.7.100;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
}
[root@redhatnisdhcp]# service dhcpd start
Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]
[root@redhatnisdhcp]# chkconfig --level 345 dhcpd on
[root@redhatnisdhcp]# chkconfig |grep dhcpd
dhcpd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
4. 通过FTP（vsftpd）方式上传ISO镜像
[root@redhatnis ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd/
[root@redhatnisvsftpd]# vi ftpusers
[root@redhatnisvsftpd]# cat ftpusers |grep root
#root
[root@redhatnisvsftpd]# vi user_list
[root@redhatnisvsftpd]# cat user_list |grep root
#root
[root@redhatnis ~]# service vsftpd start
Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ]
[root@redhatnis ~]# chkconfig --level 345 vsftpd on
此处上传ISO镜像
[root@redhatnis ~]# ll /tmp |grep iso
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3853516800 Feb 16 08:40 rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso
5. 配置NFS
[root@redhatnis ~]# mkdir /iso
[root@redhatnis ~]# mv /tmp/rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso /iso
[root@redhatnis ~]# vi /etc/exports
[root@redhatnis ~]# cat /etc/exports
/iso *(ro)
/mnt *(ro)
[root@redhatnis ~]# service rpcbind status
rpcbind (pid 931) is running...
[root@redhatnis ~]# service rpcidmapd status
rpc.idmapd (pid 1435) is running...
[root@redhatnis ~]# service nfs start
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ] Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ] Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ] [root@redhatnis ~]# showmount -e
Export list for redhatnis:
/mnt *
/iso *
[root@redhatnis ~]# chkconfig --level 345 nfs on
[root@redhatnis ~]# chkconfig |grep nfs
nfs 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
6. 配置TFTP Server
[root@redhatnis ~]# mkdir /tftpboot
[root@redhatnis ~]# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
[root@redhatnis ~]# cat /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
# p rotocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
# w orkstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
# a nd to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /tftpboot
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
7. 复制相关文件
[root@redhatnis ~]# mount -t iso9660 -o loop,ro /iso/rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt [root@redhatnis ~]# cp -pr /mnt/images /iso
[root@redhatnis ~]# cp -pr /mnt/Packages/syslinux-4.02-8.el6.x86_64.rpm /iso
[root@redhatnis ~]# ll /iso
total 3764068
dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 12 2013 images
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3853516800 Feb 16 14:10 rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 879224 Jan 4 2013 syslinux-4.02-8.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@redhatnis ~]# ll /iso/images/
total 185548
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 380928 Nov 12 2013 efiboot.img
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 37976064 Nov 12 2013 efidisk.img
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 145731584 Nov 12 2013 install.img
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 5898240 Nov 12 2013 product.img
[root@redhatnis ~]# cd /iso
[root@redhatnisiso]# rpm2cpio syslinux-4.02-8.el6.x86_64.rpm |cpio -dimv
[root@redhatnisiso]# ls
images rhel-server-6.5-x86_64-dvd.iso syslinux-4.02-8.el6.x86_64.rpm usr
[root@redhatnisiso]# cp ./usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot
[root@redhatnisiso]# cp ./images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /tftpboot
[root@redhatnisiso]# cd /tftpboot/
[root@redhatnistftpboot]# cp /boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz ./
8. 创建default文件
[root@redhatnistftpboot]# mkdirpxelinux.cfg
[root@redhatnistftpboot]# cd pxelinux.cfg
[root@redhatnispxelinux.cfg]# cp /mnt/isolinux/isolinux.cfg ./default
[root@redhatnispxelinux.cfg]# vi default
[root@redhatnispxelinux.cfg]# cat default
default linux
prompt 1
timeout 60
menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000
label linux
menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append ks=nfs:192.168.7.30:/iso/ks.cfginitrd=initrd.img
label vesa
menu label Install system with ^basic video driver
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.imgxdriver=vesanomodeset
label rescue
menu label ^Rescue installed system
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img rescue
label local
menu label Boot from ^local drive
localboot 0xffff
label memtest86
menu label ^Memory test
kernel memtest
append -
[root@redhatnispxelinux.cfg]# cd ..
[root@redhatnistftpboot]# ll
total 36676
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 33383449 Feb 16 15:07 initrd.img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26828 Feb 16 14:59 pxelinux.0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 16 15:04 pxelinux.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1341 Feb 16 15:06 splash.xpm.gz
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 4128944 Feb 16 15:07 vmlinuz
9. 创建Kickstart 配置文件
系统安装完后会在/root下生产anaconda-ks.cfg文件，也可以通过Kickstart Configurator 软件来配置生成该文件。

[root@redhatnisiso]# vi ks.cfg
[root@redhatnisiso]# cat ks.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use NFS installation media
nfs --server=192.168.7.20 --dir=/iso
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$vL3kPJ85$zV/nWDQ1ZGuxLQCXQJgiR/
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
langen_US
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=500
part pv.008002 --grow --size=1
volgroupvg_root --pesize=4096 pv.008002
logvol / --fstype=ext4 --name=lv_root --vgname=vg_root --size=8192 logvol swap --name=lv_swap --vgname=vg_root --size=816
%packages
@base
@network-tools
@nfs-file-server
%end
%post
cat >> /etc/yum.repos.d/installmedia.repo<< "EOF"
[InstallMedia]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.5
baseurl=file:///mnt/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF
cat >> /tmp/mountnfs.sh << "EOF"
mount 192.168.7.20:/mnt /mnt
EOF
chmod 755 /tmp/mountnfs.sh
%end
10. 客户端配置
配置客户端通过网卡启动。