初中英语语法数词

数词
考点一、基数词的表示方法
1、基数词1-12是独立的词，13-19都是以teen结尾
（1）1-12要逐个记
eg：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
（2）13-19都以teen结尾
eg：thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
2、基数词20-90整十位数都是以ty结尾
eg：twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
3、基数词21-99都是由“几十”和“几”合起来构成的，中间加“-”
eg：21—twenty-one, 23—twenty-three, 34—thirty-four, 45—forty-five, 56—fifty-six, 78—seventy-eight, 99—ninety-nine
4、基数词101-999，先“几百”，后“几十”，中间加“and”，美式英语中基本不用
eg：101：one hundred and one, 110：one hundred and ten, 124：one hundred and twenty-four 223：two hundred and twenty-three, 365：three hundred and sixty-five, 486：four hundred and eighty-six
558：five hundred and fifty-eight, 686：six hundred and eighty-six, 999：nine hundred and ninety-nine
5、1000以上的数字，如123, 456, 789, 822
从右向左数，三位一逗点，分别是hundred, thousand, million, billion位
读作：123 billion, 456 million, 789 thousand, 822
6、hundred, thousand, million, billion前有数词或表示数量的some, many, several等时，
直接用，没有复数。

当hundred, thousand等数词与of连用，表示不具体、不准确的数目时，词尾须加-s。

如：thousands of students, millions of trees, nine hundred, some billion.
7、基数词的位置
（1）位于another, all, last, next之后eg：another two cakes, all the five pens, next ten weeks, his last six books.
（2）位于other和more之前eg：two more cakes, three other boys
8、基数词用于表示年龄
（1）基数词+years old=基数词-year-old（复合形容词，year
（2）at the age of+基数词，表示“在…岁时”
（3）in one’s+“几十”的复数，表示“在…几十岁时”—in one’s twenties / thirties / forties / fifties…有时在物主代词后面可加上形容词early或late使其含义更确切些。

如：The young man is at most in his early thirties.
9、表示“几十年代”时，用阿拉伯数字加“s”或“’s”—in the 1980s. (1980’s)
辨析：in the fifties在五十年代，in one’s fifties在某人五十多岁的时候
10、基数词可以和其它词构成复合形容词注：在复合形容词中，名词必须用单数
形式：数词-名词-形容词eg：18-year-old, 2-meter-deep, 10-mile-long
11、电话号码的读法为顺次读出一个个数字，0读作“o”或“zero”，连续出现两个数字时，读“double”
考点二、序数词
概念：表示顺序的数词
口诀：基变序，有规律，一般末尾加th，一二三（first, second, third）要牢记，五和十二两兄弟（fi ve-fi f th, twel ve-twel f th），八减t（eight-eighth），九少e（nin e-ninth），整十变y
为ie再加th（twent y-twent ie th, thirt y-thirt ie th），要想变为几十几，几十（十位）不变几变序（twenty-one—twenty first）
用法：序数词前一般要加the，但有指示代词this, that，形物代my等修饰时，不要the eg：This is my first time to do so. / He is the second in his class.
考点三、倍数
1、表示倍数时，用half表示“一半”，用twice或double表示“两倍”，用“基数词+times”
表示三倍或三倍以上
2、表示倍数的常用句式：
（1）倍数+as+adj.+as
eg：Your apple is twice as big as mine. / His pen is half as long as hers.
（2）倍数+as+many / much+n.+as
eg：He has four times as many books as you.
（3）倍数+the height / weight / length / width+of
eg：This tree is double the length of that one. / Jim is three times weight of Tom.
（4）倍数+形容词比较级+than
eg：The sun is 100 million times bigger than the earth.
考点四、分数
1、分数的表达和读法
（1）口诀：前基后序，前基是分子，后序是分母，前基大于一，后序加s
eg：1 / 3—one third, 2 / 5—two fifths, 4 / 9—four ninth, 7 / 9—seven ninth
（2）几个特殊的分数：1 / 2—one half, 1 / 4—one quarter, 3 / 4—three quarters
2、特殊的分数——……个半
（1）基数词+and a half+可数名词复数；（2）基数词+可数复+and a half
eg：two and a half kilos=two kilos and a half / one and a half hours=one hour and a half
考点五、其它数的表达
1、小数的读法：
小数点前的整数位按基数词的读法读，小数点读作“point”，小数位要一一读出
eg：1.2-one point two, 23.23 twenty-three point two three, 134.245-one hundred and thirty four point two four five
2、百分数的读法：
先读基数词（小数），再读百分号“%”(percent)，percent没有复数
eg：5%-five percent, 0.5%-zero point five percent, 100%-one hundred percent
3、年代的读法：
四位的：两位两位地读1984-nineteen eighty-four, 1368-thirteen sixty-eight
三位的：直接按基数词读220 AD-two hundred twenty AD, 841 BC-eight hundred forty-one BC
两位的：直接按基数词读35 BC—thirty-five BC, 87 AD—eighty-seven AD
个十位是0的：读作“多少个百”1900—nineteen hundred, 2100—twenty-one hundred
十百位是0的：按“几千”+“个位”读2008—two thousand eight, 1007—one thousand seven
4、表示“几十年代”时，前加the，后加’s或s
eg：in the 1960s在二十世纪六十年代，in the 1280s在十三世纪八十年代
5、年月日的英语顺序是“月-日-年”，日要用序数词读写（要加上the）
eg：07-02-2123：July the second, twenty-one twenty three
08-22-2011：August the twenty second, twenty eleven
6、时间表达法：
（1）直接表达法：先小时，后分钟，分钟不足十，前面加个“o”
eg：10:23—ten twenty-three, 8:02—eight o two, 12:58—twelve fifty-eight
（2）间接表达法：先分钟，后小时
①分钟数≤30—past, 表示几点过几分
eg：9:13—thirteen past nine, 1:01—one past one, 11: 29—twenty-nine past eleven
② 30<分钟数<60—to, 表示几点差几分（a：b—60-b to a+1）
eg：4:37—twenty-three to five (差23分到4点的下一个整点5点)
6:56—four to seven (差4分到6点的下一个整点7点)
2:49—eleven to three (差11分到2点的下一个整点3点)
③几个特殊的时刻：15 / 45—a quarter, 30—half
eg：3:15—a quarter past three, 1:45—a quarter to two, 5:30—half past five
7、一些数学公式的读法：“加”用“plus / and”，“减”用“minus”，“乘”用“times”，“除”用“divided by”
eg：3+5=8读作：Three and / plus five is eight.
9-2=7读作：Nine minus two is seven.
6x5=30读作：Six times five is thirty.
8 / 4=2读作：Eight divided by four is two.
8、对编号的读法
用法：①在表示有编号的事物时，可用基数词，也可用序数词
Lesson One——基数词在名词后，the First Lesson，序数词first在名词前，前面还有定冠词the
②数字过长（超过两位），避免用序数词，用基数词
Room 501——Room five o one, Book SN394821——Book SN three nine four eight two one
数词巩固练习
1.Every year, _____ people go to visit their factory.
A. a thousand of
B. thousands
C. thousand of
D. thousands of
2.----Has Mary been back?
----Not yet. She will come back ____ the evening of June ______.
A. at; first
B. to; thirtieth
C. on; the twelfth
D. on; the nineteen
3.After the Asian Games, _____ people came to Guangzhou for a visit during holidays.
A. thousand
B. thousands of
C. five thousands
D. five thousand of
4.This is _____ lesson, so I don’t know all your names.
A. our first
B. our the first
C. the our first
D. the first our
5._____ is the most difficult of ______.
A. Lesson Eight; Book Three
B. The lesson eight
C. The eighth lesson; the three book
D. The eight lesson; the third book
6.It will take them _____time finish the course.
A. one and a half year
B. one year and a half
C. a half and a year
D. one half and one year
7.This is Mr. White’s _____ visit to Beijing. He has been there twice before.
A. two
B. second
C. three
D. third
8.-----_______ people are taking actions to protect the environment now.
----Yes. _____ of my classmates come to school by bike now.
A. More and more; Four fifth
B. Less and less; Four fifth
C. More and more; Four fifths
D. Less and less; Four fifths
9.----Do you know the boy _____ is sitting next to Peter?
----Yes. He is Peter’s friend. They are celebrating his _____ birthday.
A. who; ninth
B. that; nineth
C. /; ninth
D. which; nine
10.There are _____ months in a year. October is the ______ month.
A. twelve; ten
B. twelfth; tenth
C. twelve; tenth
D. twelfth; ten
11.There are about _____ students in our school.
A. hundred
B. hundreds
C. hundred of
D. hundreds of
12._____ students are planting trees.
A. Several hundreds
B. Several hundred
C. Five hundreds
D. Five hundred of
13.The old man began to learn to drive a car at the age of _____.
A. sixty
B. the sixtieth
C. sixty years old
D. sixties
14.----I heard that your American friend Julia had a big family. Is that true?
----Yes. She is the _____ child in her family.
A. ninth
B. nine
C. nineth
D. nineteen
15.The park is quite near here. It’s only ______.
A. ten minutes
B. ten minute’s walk
C. ten minutes’ walk
D. ten minute’s walk
16.People began to count down “_____” just before 12 o’clock on New Year’s Eve.
A. One, two, three…
B. First, second, third…
C. Ten, nine, eight…
D. Tenth, ninth, eighth
17.He told me he would have ______ holiday.
A. a two-month
B. a two-months
C. two months
D. two-month’s
18.About _____ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival.
A. two hundred of
B. two hundreds of
C. two hundred
D. two hundreds
19._______ Guangdong Sports Games was held in Foshan last November.
A. The twelve
B. Twelfth
C. The twelfth
D. Twelve
20. --It’s 11:45.
--Yes, it’s _____ .
A. fifteen past twelve
B. fifteen from twelve
C. a quarter past twelve
D. a quarter to twelve
21--Excuse me. Where is Mr. Green’s office?
--It’s on _____ floor.
A. seven
B. the seven
C. the seventh
D. seventh
22The road is over _____ meters long.
A. six hundred and fifty-two
B. six hundreds and fifty-two
C. six hundred, fifty-two
D. six hundred, fifty and two
23Look! There are _____ in the sky.
A. thousand stars
B. thousand of stars
C. thousands of stars
D. thousands of star 24My brother is in _____.
A. Three Class; One Grade
B. Class Three, Grade One
C. Grade One; Class Three
D. class three, grade one
25They moved to Beijing _____.
A. in 1980s
B. in the 1980'
C. in the 1980s
D. on the 1980's
Key：
1-5：DCBAA 6-10：BDCAC 11-15：DBAAC 16-20：CACCD 21-15:CACBC。