2019版高考英语一轮巩固达标练 Unit 1 Women of achievement(含解析)新人教版必修4

Women of achievement
李仕才
***阅读理解。

Winston Churchill is probably the most popular British prime minister ever. Having served as a soldier and politician, he is often considered among the greatest of Britons. While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you.
His Cigars
The classic image of Winston Churchill includes a giant cigar stuck between his lips. Churchill developed his love of cigars as a young man, when he traveled to Cuba. For the rest of his life, he smoked eight or nine cigars every day. However, he almost never took a puff(吸，抽), preferring to chew on the end until it went out, then relight it and start again. To prevent the cigar becoming soggy (湿软的), Churchill invented the ＂bellybando＂, a strip of brown paper which could be glued around the end.
At any given time, Churchill had 3,000 to 4,000 cigars in his house, mostly his favorite Romeo & Juliet brand. On one occasion, the president of Cuba presented Churchill with 2,400 top-quality cigars, although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison. Perhaps the story that best shows his love of cigars occurred during World War II, when he had a special oxygen mask designed so that he could still smoke his cigar on a high-altitude flight.
His Black Dog
Throughout his life, Churchill probably suffered from depression, which he called his ＂black dog＂. At times, his depression was so severe that he didn’t like standing close to a passing train or looking at the ocean from a ship because he feared that he would commit suicide.
When he was depressed, Churchill would almost spend a great deal of time in bed and lose his ability to concentrate. However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning. He often described how ＂all the colors come back into the picture＂.
1. Why did Churchill’s security team insist on checking the cigars?
A. To test if they were safe for Churchill.
B. To see if they were of the best quality.
C. To make sure they were Churchill’s favorite.
D. To guarantee they were not out of date.
2. Which of the following best shows Churchill’s love of cigars?
A. He fell in love with cigars at a young age.
B. He smoked many cigars every day.
C. He invented the ＂bellybando＂.
D. He had an oxygen mask specially designed for smoking.
3. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A. Churchill became energetic again.
B. Churchill remained depressed.
C. Churchill drew colorful pictures.
D. Churchill liked to talk about colors.
4. What is probably the best title of the passage?
A. Achievements of Churchill
B. Anecdotes about Churchill
C. Personalities of Churchill
D. Hobbies of Churchill
【文章大意】丘吉尔是英国最受欢迎的首相，文章介绍丘吉尔的一些奇闻轶事。

1. A【解析】细节理解题。

根据文章第三段的句子＂although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison.＂可知，丘吉尔的安全部队坚持要检查雪茄，为了检测是否它们对丘吉尔是安全的。

故选A。

3.A【解析】推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段的句子＂However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of
energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning.＂可知，丘吉尔精力充沛的时候，经常工作和交谈直到凌晨。

下文是他对精力充沛的描写。

故
选A。

4. B【解析】标题判断题。

根据文章内容和第一段的句子＂While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you.＂可知，文章主要介绍丘吉尔的奇闻轶事。

故选B。

***语法填空。

Our group Springhill Baptist Church started a food pantry (食品储藏室) to help out members of the community. As part of the program, we buy the food that will __1__(distribute) and make boxes for distribution. We do this on __2__regular basis—the second Monday of every month.
One day, as my friend and I __3__(load) our grocery carts with the necessary items in the store, a gentleman asked us, “__4__do you get so many items？” We explained we were doing our __5__(month) grocery shopping and gave him some details about our program.__6__(say) that it was great, he went on with his business.
After gathering everything on our list, we started unloading the food to check out at the counter, only __7__(inform) by the cashier that our bill had already been paid.
The gentleman who asked about our__8__(intend) had left his credit card number to pay __9__our order and then walked off. He had no idea what the cost was before he left. We were __10__(extreme) shocked at the generosity of a stranger.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。

作者和朋友去为食品储藏室购买食物时遇到了一位绅士，他在得知作者他们的意图后悄悄地为他们支付了账单。

作者在文中对这位绅士的慷慨表达了感激之情。

1．be distributed 考查动词的语态。

作为计划的一部分，我们购买食物并将其进行分配。

distribute与food之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。

空前是情态动词will，故填be distributed。

2．a 考查冠词。

我们定期这样做——每个月的第二个星期一。

on a regular basis “定期地”。

3．were loading 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。

根据下文中的“we were doing
our ...”可知，此处表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时；句子的主语是my friend and I，是复数概念，谓语动词应用复数。

故填were loading。

4．Why 考查疑问词。

根据下文的“We explained we were doing our ...”可知，这位绅士是在问“你们为什么买这么多物品”，故填疑问词Why表示“为什么”。

5．monthly 考查词性转换。

根据空前的“our”及空后的“grocery shopping”可知，此处应填形容词作定语。

上文的“every month”暗示这里填monthly “每月的”。

6．Saying 考查非谓语动词。

逗号后面的句子与前面的部分之间没有连词，故空处所在部分应填非谓语动词，此处表示伴随状况，he和say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。

7．to be informed 考查非谓语动词及其被动结构。

only后接不定式表示出乎意料的结果，inform与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，故应用不定式的被动式。

8．intention 考查词性转换。

根据空前的“about our”可知，此处要填名词，intention “意图，目的”。

9．for 考查介词。

pay for sth.是固定搭配，“为……而付钱，负担……的费用”。

故填for。

10．extremely 考查词性转换。

此处应用副词修饰were shocked，表示程度，故填extremely。

***完形填空。

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。

When my kids were small，I started a tradition in our house of giving eight gifts over the course of the eight days of Hanukkah(光明节)．I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night and giving my children a gift to unwrap to __2__.It was easy to go into a toy store and pick up something __3__ less than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)．My children didn't ask for anything much in particular and they __4__ whatever they got.
As the years progressed，I __5__ the tradition of eight gifts for each night of Hanukkah.
But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else.My special­needs son decided that he wanted to __7__ a computer，and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it.When I wouldn't __8__ that，he decided he wanted a P1ayStation.Then Amazon gift cards.Then money.And when it became clear that it wasn't going to happen，he got __9__.
I keep __10__ him that Hanukkah isn't about greed or materialism.It's about the miracle of an oil lamp that __11__ for eight days.It's about being __12__ of our heritage.It's about freedom.
But he __13__.I know deep down that his obsessions(迷恋的物)are out of his __14__ ，and definitel y out of mine.Having a special­needs child is as __15__ as
it gets.Some days are better than others and not all holidays __16__ the way I hope.But despite his unrealistic requests，he's a(n) __17__ child who is showing me the true meaning of life.
And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time，I welcome his differences __19__ I learn how to turn negative requests into __20__ ones.
1．A.buying B．donating
C．lighting D．drawing
2．A.celebrate B．present
C．send D．play
3．A.at B．for
C．in D．from
4．A.ate B．threw
C．liked D．drank
5．A.held up B．gave in
C．handed in D．kept up
6．A.made B．became
C．found D．designed
7．A.build B．buy
C．use D．watch
8．A.rely on B．learn from
C．agree to D．dream about
9．A.calm B．happy
C．selfish D．upset
10．A.telling B．warning
C．promising D．accusing
11．ys B．hangs
C．waits D．burns
12．A.tired B．proud
C．afraid D．lack
13．A.nodded B．slept
C．insisted D．failed
14．A.mind B．sight
C．control D．place
15．A.wonderful B．dangerous
C．interesting D．challenging
16．A.run out B．break down
C．work out D．put down
17．A.strange B．amazing
C．bad D．energetic
18．A.candles B．lamps
C．torches D．lanterns
19．A.when B．as
C．unless D．until
20．A.relative B．possible
C．reasonable D．positive
【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者一家过光明节的传统、变化及作者的应对策略和反思。

【核心词汇】greed n．贪婪materialism n．物质主义miracle n．奇迹
1．C 根据下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__approaching the time”可知，此处指点蜡烛。

2．A 根据上文的“Hanukkah(光明节)”可推知，节日是用来庆祝的。

3．B 根据语境“less than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)”可推知，此处表示东西的价格，故用介词for。

4．C 结合语境“My children didn't ask for anything much in particular”可推知，孩子们并不挑剔，很喜欢拿到的礼物。

5．D 结合下文的转折“But this year, Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“My special­needs son”可推知，作者保持那个传统很多年。

6．B 根据转折“But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“My special­needs son”可推知，今年有些不同，有了新变化。

7．A 根据语境“and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it”可推知，儿子要组建一台电脑，要作者去买零配件。

8．C 根据下文的“And when it became clear that it wasn't going to happen, he got __9__ ”可推知，作者没同意儿子的要求，儿子就有了其他更多的要求。

agree to“同意”。

9．D 很明显，作者没同意儿子的要求，儿子感到难过。

upset“难过”。

10．A 很明显，作者在不断地给儿子讲道理，说明节日的意义。

11．D 根据下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time”可推知，D项burn“燃烧，发亮”符合语境。

12．B 固定搭配be proud of意为“以……为傲，为……而自豪”，符合语境。

13．C 根据下文的“I know deep down that his obsessions(迷恋的物)are out of his __14__ ，and de finitely out of mine”可推知，儿子不为所动，坚持自己的要求。

14．C 根据“obsessions(迷恋的物)”可推知，儿子陷入迷恋的事物之中，已经失控。

out of control“失控”。

15．D 很明显，作者应对有特殊需求的儿子有些棘手。

challenging “挑战性的”。

16．C 根据“the way I hope”可知，有些事情并不像作者希望的那样发展。

work out“成功地发展”。

17．B 根据语境“who is showing me the true meaning of life”可推知，此处的语气表示肯定、赞赏，故选B 。

amazing“了不起的”。

18．A 根据上文的“I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night”可知，节日期间作者一家点蜡烛庆祝。

19．B 根据语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的因果关系，故选B 。

as“因为”。

20．D 与语境中的“negative”形成对比可知，此处表示把负面要求变成积极要求。

positive“积极的”。

***短文改错。

It is known that some students cheat in exams. There are three reason for it. First of all, there are so many exams. Beside, the exams given are difficulty in some way. Secondly, some students have to cheat in exams because of they are too lazy. The last reason is to please our parents and teachers. For some students, low marks brought them great pressure and make them depressing.
In my opinion, cheating in exams are wrong. We should take positive attitude to our studies, and try to get a mark what is true as well as good.
答案： It is known that some students cheat in exams. There are three reason ①reasons
for it. First of all, there are so many exams. Beside ②Besides ， the exams given are difficulty ③difficult
in
some way. Secondly, some students have to cheat in exams because of ＼④
they are too
lazy. The last reason is to please our ⑤their
parents and teachers. For some students, low marks brought ⑥bring them great pressure and make them depressing ⑦depressed
.
In my opinion, cheating in exams are ⑧is wrong. We should take ∧⑨a
positive attitude
to our studies, and try to get a mark what
is true as well as good.
⑩that/w hich
难项分析：
第五处：our→their考查代词。

根据上文中的“they are too lazy”可知，此处应该用their。

第七处：depressing→depressed考查非谓语动词。

此处depressed是描述人的主观心理的形容词，作宾语补足语。

第八处：are→is考查主谓一致。

动名词短语(cheating in exams)作主语，谓语动词应用单数，故用is。

***。