2019届高中英语语法复习 第五讲 句子结构讲练

五句子结构
语法精讲一：系表结构
1：主语+系动词+表语
1）：稳定状态——be作系动词，表语是说明主语的稳定情况，状态，性质等。

The teacher is forty years old. I am poor.
2）：状态的变化——系动词为get,turn,become,fall, 等。

The weather got warmer.
The boy fell asleep.
3）：被感觉的状态——感官词look,tast,smell,feel,sound为系动词。

注：主语为被感觉的事物。

The rose looks very beautiful.
Cotton feels soft.
4）：感觉的状态——feel为系动词。

She feels satisfied with the work.
5)：保持与持续的状态——keep,stay,remain为系动词。

The man keeps quiet.
The old man remains in good health.
6）：涉及结果的状态—— go,come,prove为系动词。

The meat went bad.
Her dream has come true.
His idea proved right.
7).：seem+adj.句型
She seems to be worried about her mother.
二：主谓结构
The teacher teaches( well).
The child walks (very slowly).
The war broke out (that year)
The scientist looked out of the window.
The doctor operated on (the patient).
＊The food eats well./ The novel sells well.
三：动宾结构
宾语可为sth./sb.或doing或to do或that /if/how/who/…/+从句或how/what/when/…/+to do The farmer dug a hole (in the field)
People have the habbit of getting up early.
Mr.Brown stopped teaching French.
She continued to read the newspaper
The girl asked.if I was scared at the strange creature.
The man didn’t know what to do next.
注意：接to do 或doing意义相似的动词有：like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。

接to do或doing意义不同的动词有：forget,remember,try,mean,regret,go on,stop等。

必须接doing的有：avoid,finish,enjoy,couldn’t help,mind,介词短语，等。

四：双宾结构
1.The artist showed them his paintings./ The artist showed his paintings to them.
此类动词有give,lend,send,tell,等。

Mother bought me a new dress./Mother bought a new dress for me.
此类动词有make,cook,play等。

注意：不说The teacher gave the boy it.
另须用：explain/announce/introduce to sb. sth
2.The man told the girl that he wanted to see a film with her.
3.The man advised me which to buy.
五：宾补结构
宾语补足语有sth./sb. 或to do 或 do或 doing 或done或adj.或 to be
We call him Robert.
She expected her son to work as a painter.
We made/let the boy do it again.
We saw the animal climb up the tree.
……………………climbing up the tree.
宾补接do/doing均可但语义不同的有see, hear, watch, notice等。

He kept the room clean. They paint the walls green. We consider the girl to be clever We find （it形宾）important for them（真宾 to learn English）.
Have + n.+ do 使某人/物去做某事 I had Tom copy it 50 times.
Have + n.+ doing使某人/物不停或反复做某事 I had the car waiting for me for 2 hours.
Have + n.+ done 使某人/物被…了I had my hair cut.
六：There be句型
谓语动词据就近原则：
There is a textbook, a dictionary and some paintings on the desk.
注意：不能把there be与 have混用
╳ There have lots of trees in the forest.
语法精练：
1.It’s so nice to hear from her. ____ , we last met more than thirty years ago.
A. What’s more
B. That is to say
C. In other words
D. Believe it or not
2. ____ heavy rain we had yesterday!
A. What a
B. What
C. How a
D. How
3. ---- How ____ feel to be home again after 20 years abroad?
---- Exciting.
A. do you
B. did you
C. does it
D. does that
4. ____ down the radio--- the baby is asleep in the next room.
A. Turning
B. To turn
C. Turned
D. Turn
5. ____ the man I met in the hospital is your uncle?
A. Which of
B. What
C. How
D. How a
6. ____ kind the teacher is to us!
A. What
B. What a
C. How
D. How a
7. ____ from Beijing to London!
A. How long way it is
B. What a long way is it
C. What a long way it is
D. How long way is it
8.The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.
A. to not make
B. not to make
C. not making don’t make
9. He is ____ as any of you.
A. as clever a boy
B. as a clever boy
C. a boy so clever
D. a clever boy
答案：1—5BAADA 6—9CCBD。