2022年考研考博-考博英语-广东工业大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：85

2022年考研考博-考博英语-广东工业大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编
押题第五期（含答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
During the decades after the United States Civil War, a host of technical advances made possible（）and uniformity of railroad service.
问题1选项
A.and a new integration
B.for a new integration
C.that a new integration
D.a new integration
【答案】D
【解析】考查语法。

B项made 后面没有了宾语；C项that后面没有谓语，无法构成从句；A项made 后面没有了宾语，而且and 前后也不是平行结构。

故D项正确。

句意：在美国内战之后的几十年里,大量的技术进步使铁路服务重新整合保持一致性成为可能。

2.
单选题
The typical sex bribe involves a businessman treating an official to a night at a bathhouse stocked with（）, says Liao Ran, who monitors Asia for Transparency International.
问题1选项
A.prototypes
B.propagandas
C.prostitutes
D.prophets
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

A选项prototypes表示“原型，雏型”；B选项propagandas表示“宣传，宣传活动”；C选项prostitutes表示“妓女”；D选项prophets表示“先知，提倡者”。

由句中关键词“sex bribe”可知，C选项含义最符合原文，句意理解为：典型的性贿赂包括商人邀请官员在满是妓女的澡堂里过夜。

因此，本题正确答案为C选项。

3.
单选题
（）for more than five to seven minutes, the brain will be subjected to irreversible damage. 问题1选项
A.Oxygen once deprived of
B.Once deprived of oxygen
C.Deprived of oxygen once
D.Once oxygen deprived of
【答案】B
【解析】考查句子结构。

该句的主语为the brain。

大脑与缺氧之间是被动的关系，即大脑如果被剥夺氧气（缺氧），故可省略主谓，用过去分词作状语。

B项正确。

句意：大脑一旦缺氧5-7分钟，那么它将会受到不可逆转的损害。

4.
翻译题
My father was a middle-class black. Though he was born poor, he achieved middle-class standing through much hard work and sacrifice（one of his favorite words）and by identifying fully with solid middle-class values—mainly hard work, family life, property ownership, and education for his children（all four of whom have advanced degrees）. In his mind these were
not so much values as laws of nature. People who embodied them made up the positive images in his class identification. The negative images came largely from the blacks he had left behind because they were "going nowhere.”
Whether I live up to these values or not, I know that my acceptance of them is the result of lifelong conditioning. I know also that I share this conditioning with middle-class people of all races and that I can no more easily be free of it than I can be free of my race. For the middle-class black, conditioned by these values from birth, the sense of meaning they provide is as immutable as the color of his skin.
It has always annoyed me to hear from the mouths of certain arbiters of blackness that middle-class blacks should "reach back” and pull up those blacks less fortunate than they—as though middle-class status were an unearned and essentially passive condition in which one needed a large measure of noblesse oblige to occupy one’s time. M y own image is of reaching back from a moving train to lift on board those who have no tickets. This, I think, is something members of the black middle class can realistically offer to other blacks. But they cannot lead by example until they are released from a black identity that regards that example as suspect, that sees them as “marginally” black, indeed that holds them back by catching them in a double bind.
【答案】【参考译文】
我父亲是一个中产阶级黑人。

虽然出身贫寒，但他通过努力工作和牺牲（他最喜欢的词），以及通过充分认同的坚实的中产阶级价值观——主要是努力工作、（重视）家庭生活、（拥有）财产所有权以及（注重）孩子的教育（四个孩子都有高等学位），从而实现了中产阶级的地位。

在他看来，这些与其说是价值观，不如说是自然法则。

那些拥有这些价值观念的人在他的阶级认同中树立了积极的形象。

负面形象主要来自于被父亲抛在身后的黑人，因为他们“一事无成”。

不管我是否实践了这些价值观，我知道我对它们的接受是终身熏陶的结果。

我也知道，我与所有种族的中产阶级都受同样的熏陶，我不能轻易摆脱它，就像我不能轻易摆脱我的种族一样。

对于中产阶级黑人来说，从出生起就受到这些价值观的制约，它们所提供的意义就像他的肤色一样不可改变。

经常让我恼火的是，总是从某些黑人仲裁者口中听到黑人中产阶级应该“返回去”,并且让那些不如他们幸运的黑人也振作起来。

——好像中产阶级地位是不劳而获的，并且基本上是被动的条件，在这种条件下一个人需要很大程度上的贵族品德来占用个人的时间。

我自己的形象就是从一辆行驶的火车返回，让那些没有车票的人登上火车。

我认为，这是黑人中产阶级成员可以实际提供给其他黑人的东西。

但是他们无法自身作则，直到他们从黑人身份中解放出来，这种身份把榜样视为可疑分子，把他们视为“勉强”的黑人，事实上，这个身份把他们拖了回来，使他们陷入双重困境。

5.
单选题
To reduce the financial pressure facing the company, its management has decided on（）expenditure cuts.
问题1选项
A.modest
B.sweeping
C.tangible
D.considerate
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

modest谦虚的；sweeping大规模的；tangible有形的，切实的；considerate 体贴的，大量的。

由前半句的financial pressure可知公司会削减开支。

故B项符合句意。

句意：为了减小公司面临的财务压力,其管理层决定大规模地削减开支。

6.
单选题
It was during the 1920’s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached（）highest point.
问题1选项
A.theirs
B.their
C.his
D.its
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词。

分析句子结构可知，原文句子为强调句。

从句主语为the friendship，因此后文空缺处所缺形容词性物主代词应选择its。

故本题正确答案为D选项。

7.
单选题
According to the Ghana National Narcotic Control four thousand Ghanaians are（）illicit drugs while several others are reported to be engaged in constant drug trafficking annually.
问题1选项
A.exposed to
B.attached to
C.addicted to
D.opposed to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。

A选项exposed to表示“接触，暴露于”；B选项attached to表示“附属于，爱慕”；C选项addicted to表示“上瘾，沉迷于”；D选项opposed to表示“反对”。

分析句意可知，根据加纳国家麻醉品管制局（NACOB.的报告，几乎有4000加纳人（）毒品，而每年有数千人不断从事贩毒。

因此只有C选项最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为C选项。

8.
单选题
The republication of the poet's most recent works will certainly（）his national reputation. 问题1选项
A.enhance
B.strengthen
C.enlarge
D.magnify 【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

enhance增加，加强，提高；strengthen加强，巩固；enlarge扩大，使增大；magnify放大，赞美。

句意：这位诗人最新作品的再版必将提高他在全国的声誉。

enhance reputation提高声誉；A项符合题意。

9.
单选题
（）, 1 hardly think I would have recognized him.
问题1选项
A.Should his name not be mentioned
B.Had someone not mentioned his name
C.If someone did not mention his name
D.If someone had mentioned his name
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。

由后半句的"would have recognized" 可知是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用had+动词过去分词。

句意：如果那时没有提到他的名字，我想我几乎认不出他来了。

只有B项符合句意。

10.
单选题
The recent（）surrounding a new law concerned with gays in Arizona reveals how deeply divided the state can be.
问题1选项
A.construction
B.concentration
C.constraint
D.controversy
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。

construction建造；concentration专注；constraint约束，局促；controversy 争论，论战。

由deeply divided深深地分裂可推知空格处应填D项“争议”。

句意：最近在亚利桑那州围绕着一项关于同性恋的新法律的争议，揭示了这个州是多么的分裂。

11.
单选题
From the history, we can see, even the smallest diplomatic incident can（） a major international conflict.
问题1选项
A.animate
B.energize
C.trigger
D.prompt
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

animate使有生气；energize激励；使活跃；trigger触发；prompt鼓励，促进。

根据题干内容可猜测：小小的外交事故可能会诱发重大的国际冲突。

句意：从历史上我们可以看到，即使是最小的外交事件也可能诱发重大的国际冲突。

12.
单选题
My pain（）apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:“Are you feeling all right?”
问题1选项
A.must be
B.must have been
C.had been
D.had to be
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词表推测的用法。

由原文句意可知，当我进房间的时候，我的痛苦一定很明显，因为第一个看到我的人就同情地问我“你没事吧”。

分析句子结构可知，for连接并列句，补充说明前文推测的原因。

再通过walked可知，空缺处是对过去的事实进行肯定的推测，因此应选用must have been。

故本题正确答案为B选项。

13.
翻译题
Global warming could transform large parts of Africa: shifting rains, spreading malaria and other insect borne diseases, even changing the size of the Sahara Desert.
Yet, the bulk of the world's climate forecasting has been concentrated on those regions that host the supercomputers that can do it: the U.S., Europe and the rest of the developed world. That’s set to change. Meeting for just the third time since 1979, the Wor ld Climate Conference established a framework last week for extending science-based climate predictions to all. Think the weather forecast, only larger.
This conference is famous for, among other things, creating the International Panel on Climate Change, whose reports have warned the world of accelerating climate change. The goal of this new framework is to better enable all countries to adapt to that future climate. To that end, it calls for expanded observations of the global climate, public access to climate data, more climate prediction research and a new Climate Services Information System. This will provide local governments with expected changes to water resources, agriculture, fisheries, forests, even health.
Of course, climate predictions will also guide adaptation to a warmer globe, and even potentially provide early warnings for natural disasters. But they won't be perfect. As Robert Heinlein said, climate is what you expect, weather is what you get.
【答案】【参考译文】
全球变暖可能会改变非洲的大部分地区：使雨带转移，传播疟疾和其他昆虫传播疾病，甚至改变撒哈拉沙漠的大小。

然而，世界上大部分能对气候进行预测的地区都集中在拥有超级计算机的地区：美国、欧洲和其他发达国家。

这种情况肯定是要改变的。

自从1979年以来，世界气候会议才召开了三次，为了让科学的气候预报扩展到所有的国家，世界气候会议上周为此确立了一个框架协议。

以后想到天气预报，其预报范围可能要大一些了。

这次会议出名是因为成立了国际气候变化委员会，这个委员会对全球气候加速提出了警告。

这个新框架的目标是使所有国家更好地适应未来的气候。

为此，它呼吁扩大对全球气候的观测，让公众获得气候数据，开展更多的气候预测研究，并建立一个新的气候服务信息系统。

这将为地方政府提供水资源、农业、渔业、林业、甚至健康的预期变化。

当然，气候预测也将指导如何人们适应全球变暖，甚至可能为自然灾害提供早期预警。

但这不会是完美的。

正如罗伯特•海因莱因（Robert Heinlein）所说，你预测的是气候，而你经历的是天气。

14.
单选题
Thailand's Prime Minister told the nation on a live television that the government was going to（）terrorists（）the "red-shirt" protesters.
问题1选项
A.hinder… from
B.distinguish… from
C.prevent.. from
D.distinct…from
【答案】B
【解析】考查词组辨析。

hinder… from妨碍，阻止；distinguish… from区分，辨别； prevent.. from 预防，防止；distinct…from与…不同。

句意：泰国总理阿披实星期一在电视上对全国人民说，将把恐怖分子和红衫军抗议者区分开。

只有B项符合句意。

15.
单选题
Since 1813, reaction to Jane Austen's novels has oscillated between adoration and condescension; but in general later writers have esteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary（）.
问题1选项
A.admirers
B.readers
C.followers
D.contemporaries
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。

admirer爱慕者，赞赏者；reader读者；follower追随者；contemporary同代人。

由but可知后半句的态度与前半句相反，前半句的评价是在喜爱与勉强凑合之间徘徊，后面对简的作品的评价是比1813那个时代的评价要高。

故该句将1813这个时代的作家与later writers 对简作品的评价作对比。

故D项正确。

句意：自1813年以来，人们对简•奥斯汀小说的反应在崇拜和勉强凑合之间摇摆不定;但总的来说，后来的作家对她的作品的评价比与她同时代大多数的作家的评价要高。