2021高考北师版英语一轮复习： 课后分层集训 必修4 Unit 12 Culture Shock

课后分层集训
必修4Unit 12Culture Shock (A卷)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021·东北三校二模)CANYOUIMAGINEHOWHARDITWOULDBETOR-EADSENTENCESLIKETHIS，the ancient Greeks wrote this way.The lack of punctuation marks probably didn't bother good readers，though.As they read，they just put pauses where they fit best.Also at this time，sentences switched directions.A sentence read from left to right.The next one read right to left，and then left to right again，etc.The ancient Romans sometimes punctuated like this: They·put·something·that·can·separate·words·in·a·sentence.The word punctuation actually comes from this idea and the Latin word puncture，which means a dot.
When the 5th century arrived，there were just two punctuation marks: spaces and points.The spaces separated words while the points showed pauses in reading.Then in the 13th century always used a period for a complete stop at the end of a sentence.He used a slash (/) to indicate a short pause.Over time，that slash was shortened and curled，and it became the modern comma (逗号)．
Since that time，other marks have enlarged the punctuation family.The exclamation mark (感慨号) comes from the Latin word io.It means “exclamation of joy〞．The question mark originally started out as the Latin word questio，meaning question.Eventually，scholars put it at the end of a sentence to show a question.
Punctuation even keeps changing nowadays.New marks are coming into existence，and old punctuation marks are used in new ways.Take for example the “interrobang〞．or example，“She did what！？〞or “How much did you pay for that dress！？〞Obviously，the interrobang is not widely used or recognized yet，but its invention shows that English is not yet finished with its punctuation.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了英文中标点符号的起源和开展。

1．From the first paragraph，we can know that ________．
A．good readers had trouble reading without punctuation marks
B．a sentence always read from left to right in ancient Greece
C．the ancient Greeks switched the direction of punctuation marks
D．the use of punctuation marks can date back to ancient times
D[推理判断题。

根据文章第一段最后两句“The ancient Romans sometimes ...which means a dot.〞可推知，标点符号的使用可以追溯到古代。

故答案选D。

]
2．The passage is developed by ________．
A．time B．space
C．comparison D．importance
A[篇章构造题。

文章第二、三、四段开头第一句都与时间有关，由此可推知，本文是按照时间顺序来写作的。

故答案选A。

]
3．We can learn from the passage that ________．
A．ancient Romans didn't use any punctuation marks
B．exclamation and question marks came from Latin
C．spaces and slashes were already used before the 5th century
D．Aldus Manutius first started to use commas
B[细节理解题。

根据文章第三段第二、四句可知，感慨号和问号都起源于拉丁语。

故答案选B。

]
4．What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A．The combination of two marks will not work.
B．It takes time for people to accept new punctuation marks.
C．Old punctuation marks need to be standardized.
D．Punctuation marks are still changing today.
D[细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段第一句“Punctuation even keeps changing nowadays.〞和最后一句中的“but its invention shows that English is not yet finished
with its punctuation〞可知，英语中的标点符号至今还在继续变化。

故答案选D。

]
B
(2021·湖南省六校联考)It's nearly 50 years since the US landed men on the moon，but Americans are still dying from a disease that ravaged (毁坏) Europe in the Middle Ages.Why hasn't the US removed the plague(瘟疫)?
The Black Death caused about 50 million deaths across Africa，Asia and Europe in the 14th century.It wiped out up to half of Europe's population.
Its last terrifying outbreak in London was the Great Plague of 1665，which killed about a fifth of the city's inhabitants.Then there was a 19th Century spread of the Black Death in China and India，which killed more than 12 million.
But the disease has not been got rid of.It still exists in Madagascar，the Democratic Republic of Congo and Peru.What's perhaps more surprising is that it is still killing people in the US.
There have been 15 cases in the US so far this year—compared to an average of seven，according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)—and the figure of four deaths is higher than in any year this century.
The bacterium (细菌) responsible—yersinia pestis—was introduced to the US by rat-infested steamships in 1900，according to Daniel Epstein of the World Health Organization (WHO)．“Plague was pretty common，with its widespread outbreak in Western port cities.But the last urban plague was in Los Angeles in 1925.It spread to rural rats and mice，and that's how it became deep­rooted in parts of the US，〞he says.
The disease—typically transmitted from animals to humans，antibiotics are effective if patients are diagnosed early.Most cases occur in summer，when people spend more time outdoors.“The advice is，take pre­cautions against flea bites and don't handle dead bodies of animals in plague areas，〞says Epstein.
The areas in question are New Mexico，Arizona，California and Colorado，according to the CDC.All of this year's cases originated in those states，or in other states west of the 100th meridian(西经100度)，which Dr. Amesh Adalja，an infectious disease specialist at the University of Pittsburgh's Center for Health Security，refers to
as “the plague line〞．
“Prairie dogs are the main reservoir(储藏所) for plague，and they tend to be west of the 100th meridian，〞he says.The geography and climate of the Western US suits them，he explains，and the fact that they are “social animals〞helps the infected fleas to spread.
It's the existence of this “animal reservoir〞that makes the plague hard，if not impossible，to wipe out，experts say.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

像黑死病这样的瘟疫曾经导致世界上许多人死去。

但是，时至今日仍有这样的病例出现，其关键原因是周围存在着可使这些病毒生存的环境。

5．Which of the following is the result of the Black Death?
A．It used to cause more than 12 million deaths in China and India.
B．The number of the deaths in the USA this year is the highest in history.
C．It killed about a fifth of the population in Africa during the Great Plague of 1665.
D．It decreased the population of Europe to 50 million in the 14th century.
A[细节理解题。

该题提问的是黑死病导致了什么样的结果。

根据第三段最后一句可知，黑死病致使中国和印度一千二百多万人死去。

应选A。

] 6．Which of the following has to take the greatest responsibility for the Black Death?
A．Fleas. B．Rats and mice.
C．Yersinia pestis. D．Prairie dogs.
C[细节理解题。

根据第六段第一句中的“The bacterium (细菌) responsible—yersinia pestis〞可知，对黑死病负主要责任的是“yersinia pestis〞。

应选C。

]
7．Why is the 100th meridian referred to as “the plague line〞by Dr. Amesh Adalja?
A．The states west of the 100th meridian are heavily populated.
B．The summer days in the states west of the 100th meridian are much longer than those in other states.
C．There is a lack of antibiotics effective in treating the infected in the states west of the 100th meridian.
D．The Western US has the geography and climate that make the infected fleas easy to spread.
D[细节理解题。

该题提问的是Amesh Adalja博士把“西经100度〞称为“病毒经线〞的原因是什么。

结合第八段第二句和第九段内容可知，这是因为位于西经100度的美国西部的地理位置和气候使跳蚤感染的病毒易于传播。

应选D。

]
8．What is the reason that it is hard to rid the USA of the plague?
A．Dead bodies of animals in plague areas are hard to deal with.
B．The government has not put much effort.
C．The existence of certain animals makes the plague hard to wipe out.
D．The Black Death has so long a history in the USA.
C[细节理解题。

该题提问的是美国很难去除瘟疫的原因是什么。

根据最后一段可知，某种动物的存在导致了瘟疫在美国很难被去除。

应选C。

] Ⅱ.完形填空
(2021·西安高三质检)I was an unlucky nurse who had to work on Christmas Day.It was always __1__ in the emergency room on this day；so I was not expecting any patients.When I was complaining about __2__ on such a beautiful festival，five people showed up at my desk—a pale woman and four small children.
“Are you all sick？〞I asked in a(n) __3__ way because they seemed all right.
“Yes，〞the woman answered __4__ and lowered her head.
But when they started to present their problems，things got a little vague.Two of the children had headaches，__5__ the headaches weren't accompanied by normal body languages such as holding the head.Two children had earaches，but neither of them could tell me __6__ ear was in pain.The mother complained of a cough，but she
seemed to be __7__．
Something was wrong.I didn't say anything but explained that it might take a while __8__ a doctor could meet them.“Take your __9__，please，〞the mother responded.Then，I checked their charts—no address.Suddenly I knew，they were homeless and the hospital was __10__．
I looked out at the family，gathering together under the Christmas tree，smiling and __11__ with each oth，I went back to the nurses' station and told them that we had a homeless __12__ in the waiting room.It was just like God sending us a __13__ on Christmas Day.The nurses' station suddenly came back to __14__．All the nurses went into action，just as we did when there was a real __15__ emergency.But this one was “a Christmas emergency〞．
We __16__ our meals for our Christmas “patients〞．We also put together oranges and apples __17__ ually we just tried to __18__ the physical needs of our patients.But today，we worked hard to exceed (超越) the needs of a family who only __19__ a warm place on Christmas Day.
Later，when the family was leaving，the four­year-old girl ran back and gave me a __20__. “Thanks for being our angel (天使) today，〞she whispered in my ear.
【语篇解读】本文表达了在圣诞节那一天作者所在的医院里发生的事情。

一个妇女带着四个孩子来医院假装看病，其实是为了在这里取暖，值班的作者了解了情况后和其他护士一起给这家人提供了食物和礼物。

这家人离开时，小女孩亲了作者并说作者是天使。

1．A.quiet B．noisy
C．bright D．dark
A[根据下文内容可知，作者没有预料到圣诞节那天有病人，因为圣诞节病人一般很少，所以急诊室很安静(quiet)。

]
2．A.studying B．talking
C．working D．playing
C[根据上文提到的作者说自己是一个不幸的护士，在圣诞节还必须工作的
内容可知，此处指当作者正抱怨着自己在如此美好的节日里还要工作(working)时。

]
3．A.suspecting B．expecting
C．forgetting D．accepting
A[因为他们看起来都很安康，所以作者用疑心的(suspecting)方式问“你们都生病了吗〞。

]
4．A.excitedly B．surprisedly
C．weakly D．strongly
C[根据空后的“lowered her head〞及下文的内容可知，他们都没有生病，而是假装生病以待在暖和的医院里，故此处指的应是这个女士弱弱地答复道。

excitedly“冲动地〞；surprisedly“惊讶地〞；weakly“虚弱地〞；strongly“强有力地〞。

]
5．A.or B．so
C．and D．but
D[有两个孩子说头疼，但却未伴随有正常的头疼时的身体语言，例如托着头。

前后句为转折关系，故用but。

]
6．A.what B．which
C．how D．why
B[两个孩子耳朵疼，但没有一个能告诉作者哪只耳朵疼。

分析句子构造可知，空处引导的是宾语从句，表示“哪一个〞，且此处是有范围的选择，故用which。

]
7．A.explaining B．understanding
C．promoting D．pretending
D[句中的“but〞说明这个女士不是真咳嗽，似乎是假装(pretend)的。

explain“解释〞；understand“理解〞；promote“促进〞。

]
8．A.unless B．before
C．after D．when
B[作者向他们解释说，医生要过一会儿才能来见他们。

before“在……之前〞，符合语境。

unless“如果不〞；after“在……之后〞；when“当……时候〞。

] 9．A.money B．breath
C．break D．time
D[根据下文中的“they were homeless and the hospital was __10__〞及“a family who only __19__ a warm place on Christmas Day〞可知他们只是想待在医院里，不着急“看病〞，故此处指的应是这位母亲答复作者道“请慢慢来〞。

take your time“慢慢来，别着急〞。

]
10．A.warm B．cold
C．big D．small
A[根据“on Christmas Day〞可知故事发生在冬天，医院里应该是暖和的(warm)。

下文中的“a warm place〞亦是提示。

]
11．A.quarreling B．fighting
C．chatting D．competing
C[作者看到他们聚集在圣诞树下，微笑着，甜蜜地聊着天(chat)。

quarrel“争吵〞；fight“打仗〞；compete“竞争〞。

]
12．A.mother B．family
C．girl D．boy
B[根据第一段最后一句中的“five people showed up...small children〞可知，出现在医院的是一个脸色苍白的女士和四个小孩子，故此处指的应是候诊室里有一个无家可归的家庭(family)。

]
13．A.job B．luck
C．chance D．gift
D[根据语境可知，此处指圣诞节时出现的这一家人就好似是上帝给作者和其他护士的礼物(gift)。

护士本来就有工作，所以A项不对。

luck“运气〞；chance“时机〞。

]
14．A.space B．earth
C．life D．school
C[护士值班室突然间恢复了活力。

因为圣诞节一般没什么病人，所以值班的护士也觉得无聊，这家人的出现使他们有事可做。

come to life“使人兴奋，变得活泼〞。

]
15．A.traffic B．medical
C．political D．history
B[所有的护士都行动起来了，就像我们在出现紧急医疗(medical)情况时所做的那样。

traffic“交通〞；political“政治的〞；history“历史〞。

] 16．A.took out B．gave out
C．turned out D．put out
A[我们取出自己的饭给了圣诞节“病人〞。

take out...for sb.“取出某物给某人〞；gave out...to sb.“分发某物给某人〞；turn out“结果是，证明是〞；put out“伸出〞。

]
17．B．as C．on D．in
B[我们把橘子和苹果放在一起作为礼物。

as在此意为“作为〞。

]
18．A.meet B．cut
C．increase D．miss
A[我们通常会试着满足(meet)病人的生理需要。

meet the needs“满足需要〞。

]
19．A.built B．escaped
C．wanted D．refused
C[但是今天，我们努力给这个家庭的远远超越了他们的需求，他们只是想(want)在圣诞节有个温暖的地方。

]
20．A.cake B．bag
C．kiss D．visit
C[当这个家庭离开时，四岁的小女孩跑回来给了作者一个吻(kiss)，并在她的耳边低声说道“谢谢你今天成为我们的天使〞。

]
【导学号：34802225】。