九年级英语科普短文练习题30题

九年级英语科普短文练习题30题
1
<背景文章>
Solar energy is one of the most promising sources of renewable energy. It works on the principle of converting sunlight into electricity. Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic cells that absorb sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC) electricity. This electricity is then converted into alternating current (AC) electricity using an inverter, which can be used to power homes, businesses, and even entire communities.
One of the major advantages of solar energy is that it is clean and environmentally friendly. Unlike fossil fuels, which release harmful pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, solar energy produces no emissions. This makes it an ideal choice for those who are concerned about the environment and want to reduce their carbon footprint.
Another advantage of solar energy is that it is abundant and freely available. The sun shines almost everywhere on the planet, and with the right technology, we can harness this energy to meet our electricity needs. Solar panels can be installed on rooftops, in fields, or even in deserts, making it a versatile source of energy.
Solar energy is also becoming more affordable. As technology advances and production increases, the cost of solar panels and other
components is dropping. This means that more and more people can afford to install solar panels and start generating their own electricity.
In addition to powering homes and businesses, solar energy can also be used in a variety of other applications. For example, solar-powered water heaters can be used to heat water for domestic use, while solar-powered street lights can provide illumination in areas where there is no access to the electrical grid. Solar-powered pumps can be used to irrigate crops, and solar-powered chargers can be used to charge mobile phones and other devices.
Overall, solar energy has the potential to revolutionize the way we generate and use electricity. With its many advantages and growing popularity, it is likely to play an increasingly important role in our energy future.
1. What is solar energy converted into first?
A. Alternating current electricity.
B. Direct current electricity.
C. Heat energy.
D. Mechanical energy.
答案：B。

解析：文章中提到“Solar panels are made up of photovoltaic cells that absorb sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC) electricity.”，所以太阳能首先被转化为直流电。

2. What is an advantage of solar energy?
A. It is expensive.
B. It produces emissions.
C. It is clean and environmentally friendly.
D. It is not abundant.
答案：C。

解析：文中提到“One of the major advantages of solar energy is that it is clean and environmentally friendly.”，太阳能的一个主要优点是清洁环保。

3. Where can solar panels be installed?
A. Only on rooftops.
B. In fields and deserts only.
C. On rooftops, in fields, or even in deserts.
D. Nowhere.
答案：C。

解析：文章中说“Solar panels can be installed on rooftops, in fields, or even in deserts.”，太阳能电池板可以安装在屋顶、田野甚至沙漠中。

4. What is happening to the cost of solar panels?
A. It is increasing.
B. It is staying the same.
C. It is dropping.
D. It is impossible to tell.
答案：C。

解析：“As technology advances and production increases, the cost of solar panels and other components is dropping.”，随着技术进
步和产量增加，太阳能电池板和其他组件的成本正在下降。

5. What can solar-powered water heaters be used for?
A. Heating water for domestic use.
B. Cooling water.
C. Generating electricity.
D. Nothing.
答案：A。

解析：“For example, solar-powered water heaters can be used to heat water for domestic use.”，太阳能热水器可用于家庭用水加热。

2
<背景文章>
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing our lives. In the future, AI will have an even greater impact on our daily lives. For example, in education, AI-powered tutoring systems will be able to provide personalized learning experiences for students. These systems will be able to adapt to the learning styles and needs of each individual student, helping them to learn more effectively.
In healthcare, AI will be used to diagnose diseases more accurately and quickly. AI-powered medical imaging systems will be able to detect diseases at an early stage, allowing for earlier treatment and better outcomes. Additionally, AI will be used to develop personalized treatment plans for patients, taking into account their genetic makeup, medical
history, and lifestyle.
In transportation, self-driving cars and trucks will become more common. These vehicles will be able to navigate roads safely and efficiently, reducing the number of accidents and traffic congestion. Additionally, AI will be used to optimize transportation routes and schedules, making it easier for people to get around.
AI will also have a significant impact on the workplace. Many jobs will be automated, but new jobs will also be created. For example, jobs in data analysis, software development, and AI research will become more in demand. Additionally, AI will be used to improve productivity and efficiency in the workplace, allowing workers to focus on more creative and strategic tasks.
Overall, AI has the potential to bring many benefits to our lives. However, it is important to ensure that AI is developed and used in an ethical and responsible way. We need to consider the potential impacts of AI on society and take steps to address any negative consequences.
6. What can AI-powered tutoring systems do?
A. Provide standardized learning experiences.
B. Ignore the learning styles of students.
C. Adapt to the learning styles and needs of students.
D. Make students learn less effectively.
答案：C。

中文解析：文章中提到“AI-powered tutoring systems will
be able to provide personalized learning experiences for students. These systems will be able to adapt to the learning styles and needs of each individual student”，即人工智能辅导系统能够为学生提供个性化的学习体验，适应每个学生的学习风格和需求。

7. In healthcare, what can AI-powered medical imaging systems do?
A. Detect diseases at a late stage.
B. Diagnose diseases inaccurately.
C. Detect diseases at an early stage.
D. Have no impact on healthcare.
答案：C。

中文解析：文中提到“AI-powered medical imaging systems will be able to detect diseases at an early stage”，即人工智能医疗成像系统能够在早期检测到疾病。

8. What will happen in transportation due to AI?
A. Increase the number of accidents.
B. Cause more traffic congestion.
C. Self-driving cars and trucks will become more common.
D. Have no change in transportation.
答案：C。

中文解析：文章中提到“In transportation, self-driving cars and trucks will become more common”，即在交通领域，自动驾驶汽车和卡车将变得更加普遍。

9. What kind of jobs will become more in demand due to AI?
A. Manual labor jobs.
B. Jobs in agriculture.
C. Jobs in data analysis, software development, and AI research.
D. Jobs that require no skills.
答案：C。

中文解析：文中提到“jobs in data analysis, software development, and AI research will become more in demand”，即数据分析、软件开发和人工智能研究方面的工作将变得更受欢迎。

10. Why is it important to ensure that AI is developed and used in an ethical and responsible way?
A. Because AI has no potential benefits.
B. Because AI will always have negative consequences.
C. Because we need to consider the potential impacts of AI on society.
D. Because AI is not useful at all.
答案：C。

中文解析：文章最后提到“We need to consider the potential impacts of AI on society and take steps to address any negative consequences”，即我们需要考虑人工智能对社会的潜在影响，并采取措施应对任何负面后果，所以要确保人工智能以道德和负责任的方式发展和使用。

3
<背景文章>
Gene editing technology has made remarkable progress in recent years. It holds great promise for treating various genetic diseases and improving agricultural productivity. However, it also poses significant
risks and ethical controversies.
One of the most well-known gene editing tools is CRISPR-Cas9. This technology allows scientists to precisely edit the DNA of living organisms. By making targeted changes to the genetic code, researchers hope to correct genetic mutations that cause diseases such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia.
But gene editing is not without risks. There is a concern that unintended changes could occur in the genome, leading to unforeseen consequences. For example, off-target effects could cause mutations in other genes, potentially leading to cancer or other serious health problems.
In addition to the scientific risks, gene editing also raises ethical questions. Some people worry that it could be used to create “designer babies” with enhanced physical or intellectual traits. This could lead to a new form of inequality, as only those who can afford the technology would have access to these enhancements.
Another ethical concern is the potential for gene editing to be used for non-therapeutic purposes, such as enhancing athletic performance or creating more attractive physical features. This could undermine the fairness and integrity of sports and society as a whole.
Despite these concerns, many scientists believe that gene editing has the potential to bring great benefits to humanity. As research continues, it is important to carefully consider the risks and ethical implications of this
powerful technology.
11. What is one of the most well-known gene editing tools?
A. PCR
B. CRISPR-Cas9
C. Gel electrophoresis
D. DNA sequencing
答案：B。

中文解析：文章中明确提到“One of the most well-known gene editing tools is CRISPR-Cas9.”，所以答案是B。

12. What is a concern about gene editing?
A. It is too expensive.
B. It may cause unintended changes in the genome.
C. It is too difficult to use.
D. It has no practical applications.
答案：B。

中文解析：文中提到“There is a concern that unintended changes could occur in the genome”，所以答案是B。

13. What is an ethical concern about gene editing?
A. It could be used to create designer clothes.
B. It could be used to create designer babies.
C. It could be used to create designer cars.
D. It could be used to create designer furniture.
答案：B。

中文解析：“Some people worry that it could be used to create ‘designer babies’ with enhanced physical or intellectual traits.”，所
以答案是B。

14. What could gene editing be used for non-therapeutic purposes?
A. Enhancing academic performance.
B. Enhancing artistic ability.
C. Enhancing athletic performance.
D. Enhancing cooking skills.
答案：C。

中文解析：“Another ethical concern is the potential for gene editing to be used for non-therapeutic purposes, such as enhancing athletic performance or creating more attractive physical features.”，所以答案是C。

15. What do many scientists believe about gene editing?
A. It has no potential benefits.
B. It has only risks.
C. It has the potential to bring great benefits to humanity.
D. It is too dangerous to use.
答案：C。

中文解析：“Despite these concerns, many scientists believe that gene editing has the potential to bring great benefits to humanity.”，所以答案是C。

4
<背景文章>
Virtual reality (VR) technology is making waves in the field of education. It offers a unique and immersive learning experience that can
engage students like never before.
With VR, students can take virtual field trips to historical sites, explore the depths of the ocean, or even travel to outer space. They can interact with 3D models and simulations, making learning more hands-on and memorable.
For example, in a history class, students can walk through ancient civilizations and see how people lived in different eras. In science classes, they can observe complex scientific phenomena up close and understand them better.
VR also has the potential to personalize learning. Students can progress at their own pace and revisit difficult concepts as many times as they need. It can cater to different learning styles and abilities, making education more inclusive.
Moreover, VR can enhance collaboration among students. They can work together on virtual projects and share their ideas and experiences. This can foster teamwork and communication skills.
However, there are also some challenges. The cost of VR equipment can be high, and not all schools can afford it. There is also a need for trained teachers who can effectively use this technology in the classroom.
Despite these challenges, the potential of VR in education is huge. As technology continues to advance, we can expect to see more widespread use of VR in schools.
16. What can students do with VR in history class?
A. Read books about ancient civilizations.
B. Walk through ancient civilizations.
C. Watch movies about different eras.
D. Listen to lectures on history.
答案：B。

解析：文章中提到“In a history class, students can walk through ancient civilizations and see how people lived in different eras.”，所以在历史课上学生可以通过虚拟现实技术行走在古代文明中，答案是B。

17. How can VR personalize learning?
A. By making learning more difficult.
B. By allowing students to progress at their own pace.
C. By reducing the number of concepts to learn.
D. By making all students learn the same way.
答案：B。

解析：文中提到“VR also has the potential to personalize learning. Students can progress at their own pace and revisit difficult concepts as many times as they need.”，虚拟现实技术可以让学生按照自己的节奏学习，答案是B。

18. What can VR enhance among students?
A. Competition.
B. Isolation.
C. Collaboration.
D. Individualism.
答案：C。

解析：“VR can enhance collaboration among students. They can work together on virtual projects and share their ideas and experiences.”，虚拟现实技术可以增强学生之间的合作，答案是C。

19. What is one challenge of using VR in education?
A. It is too easy to use.
B. It is not interesting for students.
C. The cost of VR equipment can be high.
D. Teachers don't like using it.
答案：C。

解析：“However, there are also some challenges. The cost of VR equipment can be high, and not all schools can afford it.”，使用虚拟现实技术在教育中的一个挑战是设备成本高，答案是C。

20. What is the potential of VR in education?
A. Limited.
B. Small.
C. Huge.
D. None.
答案：C。

解析：“Despite these challenges, the potential of VR in education is huge.”，虚拟现实技术在教育中的潜力是巨大的，答案是C。

5
<背景文章>
Quantum mechanics is a fascinating branch of physics that deals with the behavior of matter and energy at the smallest scales. It has revolutionized our understanding of the universe and has led to many technological advancements.
At the heart of quantum mechanics is the concept of quantization. This means that certain physical quantities, such as energy and angular momentum, can only take on certain discrete values. For example, an electron in an atom can only have certain specific energies.
Another important concept in quantum mechanics is superposition. This means that a quantum system can exist in multiple states at the same time. For example, an electron can be in a superposition of being in two different locations at the same time.
Quantum mechanics also has implications for the nature of reality. According to some interpretations of quantum mechanics, the act of observation can actually affect the outcome of an experiment. This has led to some philosophical debates about the nature of reality and the role of the observer.
The applications of quantum mechanics are wide-ranging. One of the most promising areas is quantum computing. Quantum computers have the potential to solve problems that are currently intractable for classical computers. Another area is quantum cryptography, which uses the principles of quantum mechanics to ensure secure communication.
In conclusion, quantum mechanics is a complex and fascinating field that has had a profound impact on our understanding of the universe and has many potential applications for the future.
21. What is the concept of quantization in quantum mechanics?
A. The behavior of matter and energy at the largest scales.
B. The act of observation can affect the outcome of an experiment.
C. Certain physical quantities can only take on certain discrete values.
D. A quantum system can exist in multiple states at the same time.
答案：C。

解析：文章中提到“At the heart of quantum mechanics is the concept of quantization. This means that certain physical quantities, such as energy and angular momentum, can only take on certain discrete values.”，所以量化的概念是某些物理量只能取特定的离散值。

22. What does superposition mean in quantum mechanics?
A. The behavior of matter and energy at the largest scales.
B. The act of observation can affect the outcome of an experiment.
C. A quantum system can exist in multiple states at the same time.
D. Certain physical quantities can only take on certain discrete values.
答案：C。

解析：文章中提到“Another important concept in quantum mechanics is superposition. This means that a quantum system can exist in multiple states at the same time.”，所以叠加的概念是量子系统可以同时存在于多个状态。

23. What are the implications of quantum mechanics for the nature of
reality?
A. The behavior of matter and energy at the largest scales.
B. The act of observation can affect the outcome of an experiment.
C. A quantum system can exist in multiple states at the same time.
D. Certain physical quantities can only take on certain discrete values.
答案：B。

解析：文章中提到“Quantum mechanics also has implications for the nature of reality. According to some interpretations of quantum mechanics, the act of observation can actually affect the outcome of an experiment.”，所以量子力学对现实本质的影响是观察行为会影响实验结果。

24. What is one of the most promising applications of quantum mechanics?
A. Quantum computing.
B. Classical computing.
C. Quantum cryptography.
D. None of the above.
答案：A。

解析：文章中提到“The applications of quantum mechanics are wide-ranging. One of the most promising areas is quantum computing.”，所以量子力学最有前途的应用之一是量子计算。

25. What does quantum cryptography use to ensure secure communication?
A. The principles of classical mechanics.
B. The principles of quantum mechanics.
C. The principles of relativity.
D. None of the above.
答案：B。

解析：文章中提到“Another area is quantum cryptography, which uses the principles of quantum mechanics to ensure secure communication.”，所以量子密码学使用量子力学原理来确保安全通信。

6
<背景文章>
Space exploration has a long and fascinating history. Since the beginning of time, humans have looked up at the stars and wondered what lies beyond. In the 20th century, significant progress was made in space exploration. The first satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. This event marked the beginning of the space age.
Since then, many countries have sent astronauts into space. The United States sent the first humans to the moon in 1969. This was a major achievement in space exploration and demonstrated the capabilities of human ingenuity and determination.
Today, space exploration continues to advance. Satellites are used for communication, weather forecasting, and navigation. Space probes are sent to explore other planets and moons in our solar system. The International Space Station (ISS) is a collaborative effort between many countries and serves as a research laboratory in space.
Looking to the future, space exploration holds great promise. Scientists and engineers are working on developing new technologies to enable longer and more sustainable space missions. There are plans to send humans to Mars and establish colonies on other planets. This will require significant advances in propulsion systems, life support systems, and radiation protection.
26. When was the first satellite launched?
A. In 1956.
B. In 1957.
C. In 1958.
D. In 1959.
答案：B。

解析：文章中明确提到“The first satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.”。

27. Which country sent the first humans to the moon?
A. Soviet Union.
B. China.
C. United States.
D. Japan.
答案：C。

解析：“The United States sent the first humans to the moon in 1969.”。

28. What is the International Space Station?
A. A space probe.
B. A satellite.
C. A research laboratory in space.
D. A rocket.
答案：C。

解析：“The International Space Station (ISS) is a collaborative effort between many countries and serves as a research laboratory in space.”。

29. What will be required for humans to establish colonies on other planets?
A. Advances in art.
B. Advances in music.
C. Advances in sports.
D. Advances in propulsion systems, life support systems, and radiation protection.
答案：D。

解析：文章最后提到“This will require significant advances in propulsion systems, life support systems, and radiation protection.”。

30. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The history of space exploration.
B. The present of space exploration.
C. The future of space exploration.
D. The history, present and future of space exploration.
答案：D。

解析：文章分别介绍了太空探索的历史、现状和未来展望。