语言学试卷1
(完整)语言学概论试卷1
语言学概论试卷1
一、单项选择题(本大题共26小题,每小题1分,共26分)
1.关于“说话”这种口头交际行为,下列说法正确的一项是()
A.只涉及心理问题,不涉及物理和生理问题
B.只涉及物理问题,不涉及生理和心理问题
C.只涉及生理问题,不涉及物理和心理问题
D.既涉及心理问题,又涉及生理和物理问题
2.判断两种话是不同语言还是同一种语言的不同方言应该主要参考()
A.相互理解程度
B.语言结构的差异程度
C.共同的历史文化传统和民族认同感
D.是否属于同一个国家
3.关于语音四要素,下列说法不正确
...的一项是( )
A.在任何语言中,音高变化都是语调的主要构成要素
B.能起区别语言意义作用的是绝对的音高、音强和音长
C.音长是由发音体振动的持续时间决定的
D.音强是由发音体振动的振幅大小决定的
4.下列关于区别特征的表述中,不正确
...的一项是( )
A.音位是通过区别特征相互区别的
B.区别特征完全取决于语音的自然属性
C.音位的辨义功能由区别特征负担
D.区别特征通常都表现为二项对立
5.关于“复辅音”,下列说法不正确
...的一项是()
A.复辅音是一个音节内两个或几个辅音的组合
B.复辅音内的几个辅音彼此之间有过渡音联结
C.复辅音内的几个辅音的音质变化是突变式的
D.复辅音并不是所有语言中都存在的语音现象
6.下列各项中,都是低元音的一组是()
A.[y,æ] B.[a,Λ] C.[u,ε] D.[A
α,]
7.下列各组辅音中,发音部位相同的一组是()
A.[k,η] B.[m, n] C.[n,η] D.[k,p]
8.北京话“面"单念时读作[miæn],但“面包”却读作[miæmpαu],这种语流音变象A.弱化B.增音 C.同化D.异化
语言学概论试题(1)
语言学概论试题(1)
一、填空(15%)
1、语言中最单纯、最常用、最原始和最能产的词是(根词)。
2、语言是人类最重要的交际工具,文字是最重要的(辅助)交际工具。
3、我国古代学者为读懂古书而建立的训诂学、文字学、音韵学组成了我国的(语文学),通称为“小学”。
4、英语属于印欧语系的(日耳曼)语族的西部语支。
5、语音可以从(生理)角度分析它的产生方式,从(物理)角度分析它的表现形式(传递过程),从(社会功能)角度分析它的功能作用。
6、是否能够(独立)运用,是区分词和语素的根本特点。
7、现代大多数国家的拼音文字的字母,大多直接来源于(拉丁)字母。
8、具有不同功能的三种最基本的语法单位是(语素、词、句子)。
9、语言发展的主要特点是(渐变性)和(不平衡性)。
10、我国宪法(1982年)第19条明确规定“国家推广全国通用的(普通话)”。
二、选择题(10%)
1、中国的传统语文学研究的薄弱环节是(D)
A、文字学B、语音学
C、词汇学D、语法学
2、汉语属于(B)
A、屈折语B、词根语
C、多式综合语D、粘着语
3、一种语言中数量最少的是(B)
A、音素B、音位
C、语素D、音节
4、文字的前身是(C)
A、结绳记事B、手势
C、图画记事D、实物记事
5、派生词中包含(B)
A、词尾B、词根
C、虚词D、根词
6、语音和语义结合的最小的语言单位是(C)A、音素B、义素
C、语素D、音位
7、汉语单词“忽然”出现的位置是(C)
A、主语位置B、谓语位置
C、状语位置D、定语位置
8、以下各种语言变体中,属于社会方言的是(D)A、土话B、客家话
语言学教程基础测试题(一)
《语言学教程》基础测试题(一)
1.Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. (false)
2.Linguistics studies particular language, not language in general. (false)
3.The discretion between competence and performance was proposed by Chomsky.
(true)
4. A synchronic study of language is the description of language at some point in
time. (true)
nguage is arbitrary on all aspects. (false)
6.Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.
(true)
7.English consonants can be classified in terms of place of articulation and the part
of tongue that is raised the highest. (false)
8. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning. (false)
语言学第一章习题(含答案)
第一章语言的功能
一、填空题
1.从语言的社会功能上看,语言是人类独有的最重要的交际工具和思维工具;从语言的内部结构上看,语言是一套音义结合的符号系统。
2. 文字是建立在语言基础上的最重要的辅助交际工具;旗语之类是建立在语言和文字基础上的特殊领域的辅助交际工具。
3.一种语言的句子数量是无限的,但无限的句子中却包含着有限的词语和为数不多的
规则。
4.人类的交际工具分语言的交际工具和身势等非语言的交际工具。
5.语言是一种特殊的社会现象的含义是,语言具有全人类性,没有阶级性。
6.思维的类型可分为直观动作思维、表象思维、抽象思维。抽象思维的三种形式是概念、判断、推理。
7.人和动物的区别是人会制造工具,而且人类有语言,这是人和动物相区别的重要标志之一。
8.在一定条件下,身体姿势等伴随动作还可以离开语言独立完成交际任务,例如汉民族点头表示同意,摇头表示不同意,咬牙切齿表示愤怒,手舞足蹈表示激动或高兴。
9.人的大脑分左右两半球,大脑的左半球控制语言活动,右半球掌管不需要语言的感性思维。
10.汉语的哥哥、弟弟,英语用 brother 表示;汉语的舅妈、姑妈、姨妈、婶婶,英语用 aunt 表示。
11.英语可以直接用数词修饰名词,汉语数词修饰名词一般要加上一个量词。
12.儿童最早的智力活动就是学习语言。
13.如果一个病人大脑左半球发生损伤,他尽管说不出他家的地址,却认得自己的家门。相反,大脑右半球发生损伤,他尽管能说出他家的地址,却找不到自己的家门。
二、判断题
1. 从理论上来说,句子的长度是可以无限的。(√)
英语语言学试题(1)及答案
英语语言学试题(1)
I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)
1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.
A、 prescriptive
B、 sociolinguistic
C、 descriptive
D、psycholinguistic
2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.
A、 mouth
B、 lips
C、 tongue
D、 vocal cords
3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.
A、 bound morpheme
B、 bound form
C、 inflectional morpheme
语言学练习1
语⾔学练习1
Chapter 2 Speech Sounds (Phonetics and phonology)
I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide
which one of the four choices best completes the statement and choose the letter A, B, C or D.
1. The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and the end of .
A. tongue
B. hard palate
C. soft palate
D. vocal cords
2. The vowel [u:] in [fu:d] (food ) is a (an) vowel.
A. back
B. front
C. unrounded
D. central
3. is formed by a narrowing of the air passage at some point so that the air in escaping makes a kind of hissing sound.
A. A plosive
B. A fricative
C. An affricate
D. A lateral
4. The vowel [i:] in [fi:d] (feed) is a (an) vowel.
语言学概论-试卷1
一、在下列每小题的四个备选答案中,选出一个正确答案,并将其字母标号填入括号内。
1.A symbol consists of two parts: a concrete form and the which the object or form conveys. ( A )
A. meaning
B. means
C. sign
D. signature
2. By saying language is ____ we mean we can’t give a sound reason wh y such a form is
pronounced in this way rather than in that way, and why a particular meaning should be indicated by this form rather than by that form. 我们无法给出合理的理由说明为什么以这种方式而不是以这种方式发音,以及为什么应该用这种形式而不是那种形式来表示特定的含义。( B )
A. systematic
B. arbitrary任意的
C. symbolic
D. conventional
3. Which of the following is an acceptable English form? ( D )
A. / fsem /
B. / uid /
C. / mdik /
D. / haid /
4. Which of the following is a narrow transcription? ( D )
语言学概论模拟试题(一)
《语言学概论》模拟试题(一)
一、单项选择题
1、“人有人言,兽有兽语”中的“言”属于:
A. 语言。
B. 言语。
C. 言语行为。
D. 言语作品。
2、人运用语言可以说出无限多的句子,这反映了语言的:(C)
A. 民族性。
B. 符号性。
C. 生成性。
D. 系统性。
3、被社团作为母语使用和学习的语言是:
A. 人工语言。
B. 自然语言。
C. 共同语。
D. 世界语。
4、从语言学分科来看,《语言学概论》课属于:
A. 一般语言学。
B. 具体语言学。
C. 共时语言学。
D. 历时语言学。
5、“我爱家乡”中“爱”和“家乡”:
A. 是聚合关系。
B. 是组合关系。
C. 既是聚合关系又是组合关系。
D. 既非聚合关系又非组合关系。
6、汉语南方方言比北方方言更接近于古汉语,这反映了语言发展的:
A. 渐变性。
B. 相关性。
C. 规律性。
D. 不平衡性。
7、下列说法正确的是:
A.义项是最小的语义单位。
B.义素是最小的语义单位。
C.词义的主要内容是语法意义。
D.词义不包括语法意义。
8、有人说语言是古代文化的“活化石”,这说明语言具有:
A. 交际功能。
B. 思维功能。
C. 文化录传功能。
D. 认知功能。
9、“衣领”是“衣服”的:
A. 上义词。
B. 下义词。
C. 总义词。
D. 分义词。
10、转换生成语言学的代表人物是:
A. 乔姆斯基。
B. 菲尔默。
C. 皮亚杰。
D. 韩礼德。
二、填空
1、根据研究对象的范围,语言学可分为语言学和语言学。
2、思维可以分为思维、思维和思维。
3、“手枪”是“枪”的词,“袖子”是“衣服”的词。
4、构词或造句时位置固定的是语素,位置不固定的是语素。
语言学概论在线考试1
☆考生答案:错误
★考生得分:0.6分评语:
9.地主阶级和农民阶级之间没有共同语言,这说明语言是有阶级性的。(0.6分)错误
正确
☆考生答案:正确
★考生得分:0分评语:
10.语言具有自然属性,是自然现象。(0.6分)错误
正确
☆考生答案:错误
★考生得分:0.6分评语:
二.单选题(共10题,共6分)1.国际音标是由国际语音学会制定、用来标写世界上各种语言或方言的的标号。(0.6分)A.符号
☆考生答案:C,D
★考生得分:0.8分评语:
6.我们说语言和思维之间的联系非常紧密,水乳交融,无法分割开来,但是语言和思维是不同的东西,语言的主要特色是()(0.8分)A.语言是物质的
B.语言是思维的工具
C.构成方式不同
D.语言具有民族特点
☆考生答案:A,B,C,D
★考生得分:0.8分评语:
7.从物理学角度看,语音具有等要素。(0.8分)A.音高
语言学概论1
一.判断题(共10题,共6分)1.音位是由一组彼此没有差别作用而音感上又相似的音素概括而成的音类。(0.6分)错误
正确
☆考生答案:错误
★考生得分:0.6分评语:
2.语言是人类最重要的交际工具。(0.6分)错误
正确
☆考生答案:正确
★考生得分:0.6分评语:
3.文字也是人类最重要的交际工具。(0.6分)错误
(完整版)英语语言学试题(1)及答案
英语语言学试题(1)
I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)
1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.
A、prescriptive
B、sociolinguistic
C、descriptive
D、psycholinguistic
2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.
A、mouth
B、lips
C、tongue
D、vocal cords
3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.
A、bound morpheme
B、bound form
C、inflectional morpheme
D、free morpheme
语言学试卷
语言学期中测试
班级: 姓名:学号:
I: Multiple Choice
第一章语言与语言学
1. Linguistics can be defined as the scientific study of ___.
A. A particular language
B. The system of a particular language
C. Human languages in general
D. The English language
William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet, Juliet said "What's in a name That which we
call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet." This illustrates ___.
A. the arbitrary nature of language
B. the big difference between human language and animal communication
C. the creative nature of language
D. the universality of language
3. Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language
A. Productive.
B. Dual.
英语语言学试题(1)及答案
英语语言学试题(1)
I. I. Directions: Directions: Directions: Read Read Read each of each of the following statements statements carefully. carefully. carefully. Decide which Decide which one one of of of the four the four choices choices best best
completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.
A 、 prescriptive
B 、 sociolinguistic
C 、 descriptive
D 、 psycholinguistic
2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.
A 、 mouth
B 、 lips
C 、 tongue
大学语言学考试1-7章-试题和答案
大学语言学考试1-7章-试题和
答案(总28页)
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12maximal?onset?principle? states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant. it is put into the onset rather than the coda. . The correct syllabification of the word country should be
第一章,填空
1. The study of the meaning of lingustic words, phrases is called semantics.
2. Displacement is a design feature of human language that enables speakers to talk about a wild range of things free from barriers caused by
4. Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language.
5. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive.
语言学基础考研试题真题
语言学基础考研试题真题
一、选择题
1. 中国古代语言学代表人物是:
A. 晏殊
B. 邵雍
C. 王士禛
D. 王先生
2. 下列哪个不属于语音学的范畴:
A. 语音结构
B. 语音形态
C. 语音运动学
D. 语音声学
3. 现代汉语的音韵学体系是由谁主持制定的?
A. 邵雍
B. 王士禛
C. 范仲淹
D. 周敦颐
4. “研究语言的本质和规律,以及语言与人类思维、文化之间的关系”是属于哪个语言学分支的定义?
A. 句法学
B. 语音学
C. 语义学
D. 语用学
5. 语音学中,将语言单位按照元音和辅音的基本区别分为两类,这种分类叫做:
A. 音位学
B. 语音学
C. 认知语言学
D. 语音形态学
二、判断题
1. 语言学的研究对象是语言的音、形、意、用四个方面。()
2. 语音学是研究语言的目的、功能、性质以及语音在人类思维中的地位和作用。()
3. 汉字是音旁与形旁的结合。()
4. 双音节词是汉语中较少见的词语类型。()
5. 语言学研究范畴之一的句法学主要研究句子的结构、分类和变化规律。()
三、简答题
1. 什么是语音学?
2. 解释一下音素和音位。
3. 解释一下语言的形态学和句法学。
4. 用语音学术语解释音调和音高的关系。
5. 语义学的研究对象是什么?
四、论述题
请根据你所学的语言学基础知识,简要论述语音学、形态学、句法学、语义学以及音韵学的研究对象和方法,并论述它们对语言学研究的意义。
以上为语言学基础考研试题真题,希望能对语言学的学习和学术研究有所帮助。
语言学练习1
Chapter 2 Speech Sounds (Phonetics and phonology)
I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide
which one of the four choices best completes the statement and choose the letter A, B, C or D.
1. The pharynx refers to the space of cavity between the larynx and the end of .
A. tongue
B. hard palate
C. soft palate
D. vocal cords
2. The vowel [u:] in [fu:d] (food ) is a (an) vowel.
A. back
B. front
C. unrounded
D. central
3. is formed by a narrowing of the air passage at some point so that the air in escaping makes a kind of hissing sound.
A. A plosive
B. A fricative
C. An affricate
D. A lateral
4. The vowel [i:] in [fi:d] (feed) is a (an) vowel.
语言学第一章测试题Chapter 1
Chapter 1 Introductions to Linguistics
I Choose the best answer. (20%)
1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human __________
A. contact
B. communication
C. relation
D. community
2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?
A. tree
B. typewriter
C. crash
D. bang
3. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.”is_________.
A. interrogative
B. directive
C. informative
D. performative
4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say
“碎碎(岁岁)平安”as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform?
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1. We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.
A. the conceptualist view意念论
B. contextualism语境主义
C. the naming theory命名论
D. behaviorism行为主义
2. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.
B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.
C. Sense is abstract and decontextualized.脱离语境的
D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.
3. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components called semantic features.
A. Predication analysis述谓结构分析
B. Componential analysis成分分析
C. Phonemic analysis 音位分析
D. Grammatical analysis语法分析
4.Alive” and“dead” are ___________.
A. gradable antonyms
B. relational antonyms
C. complementary antonyms 互补反义词
D. None of the above
5. ________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.
A. Reference
B. Concept
C. Semantics
D. Sense
6. _________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.
A. Polysemy一词多义
B. Synonymy同义词
C. Homonymy同音异义
D. Hyponymy下义关系
7. Words that are close in meaning are called ___________.
A. homonyms同音异义词
B. polysemies一词多义
C. hyponyms下义词
D. synonyms同义词
8. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _______.
A. grammatical rules
B. selectional restrictions选择限制,选限结构
C. semantic rules
D. semantic features
9. The pai r of words “lend” and “borrow” are ___
A. gradable opposites
B. relational opposites关系反义词
C. co-hyponyms并列下义词
D. synonyms同义词
10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.
A. +animate,+male,+human,-adult
B. +animate,+male,+human,+adult
C. +animate,-male,+human,-adult
D. +animate,-male,+human,+adult
11. Cold and hot are called ____ antonyms.
A. complementary
B. gradable 可分类的
C. reversal
D. converse
12. “I bought some roses” ____ “I bought some flowers”.
A. entails
B. presupposes假定,预料,以…为先决条件
C. is inconsistent with与…不一致
D. is synonymous with和…同义
13. Of the following linguists, ____ should be grouped into Prague School.布拉格学派
A. Bloomfield布罗姆菲尔德
B. Saussure索绪尔
C. Jakobson雅各布森
D. Firth弗思
14. According to Krashen克拉申(美国语言学家), ____ refers to the gradual and subconscious
development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative
situations.
A. learning
B. competence
C. performance
D. acquisition
15. As a type of linguistic system in L2 learning, ____ is a product of L2 training, mother tongue
interference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.
A. interlanguage中介语
B. interference
C. language transfer
D. linguistic relativity
16. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis萨丕尔—沃尔夫假说
has two thrusts: ____ and ____.
A. Linguistic description, Linguistic determinism
B. Linguistic determinism, Linguistic relativity (语言决定论,语言相对论)
C. Linguistic relativity, Linguistic description
D. Linguistic determinism, Linguistic performance
17. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and used by people who speak
different language for restricted purpose is ____.
A. pidgin洋泾宾语
B. creole
C. dialect
D. blends
18. ____ is a principle of scientific method, based on the belief that the only things valid enough to
confirm or refute o scientific theory are interpersonally observable phenomena, rather than people’s introspections or intuitions.
A. Mentalism
B. Functional grammar
C. Case grammar格文法
D. Behaviorism
19. ____ is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.
A. Interlanguage
B. Ideology
C. Dialect
D. Interference
20. “There is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to”. This is the ____ view concerning the study of meaning.
A. naming theory
B. conceptualist概念论者
C. contextualist语境主义者
D. behaviorist
21. ____ covers the study of language use in relation to context, and in particular the study of linguistic communication.
A. Semantics
B. Sociolinguistics
C. Pragmatics语用学
D. Linguistics
22. Modern synchronic linguistics共时语言学traditionally dates from the ____ of Swiss scholar Ferdinand de Saussure.
A. Syntactic structure
B. Cours de Linguitique General
C. De Lingua Latina
D. Language and Mind
23.According to the strong version of the ____ hypothesis, language determines speakers’
perceptions and patterns their way of life.
A. Sapir Whorf
B. input