语言学试卷1

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(完整)语言学概论试卷1

语言学概论试卷1一、单项选择题（本大题共26小题，每小题1分，共26分）1．关于“说话”这种口头交际行为,下列说法正确的一项是（）A．只涉及心理问题，不涉及物理和生理问题B．只涉及物理问题，不涉及生理和心理问题C．只涉及生理问题，不涉及物理和心理问题D．既涉及心理问题，又涉及生理和物理问题2．判断两种话是不同语言还是同一种语言的不同方言应该主要参考（）A．相互理解程度B．语言结构的差异程度C．共同的历史文化传统和民族认同感D．是否属于同一个国家3．关于语音四要素，下列说法不正确．．．的一项是( )A．在任何语言中，音高变化都是语调的主要构成要素B．能起区别语言意义作用的是绝对的音高、音强和音长C．音长是由发音体振动的持续时间决定的D．音强是由发音体振动的振幅大小决定的4．下列关于区别特征的表述中,不正确．．．的一项是( ）A．音位是通过区别特征相互区别的B．区别特征完全取决于语音的自然属性C．音位的辨义功能由区别特征负担D．区别特征通常都表现为二项对立5．关于“复辅音”，下列说法不正确．．．的一项是（）A．复辅音是一个音节内两个或几个辅音的组合B．复辅音内的几个辅音彼此之间有过渡音联结C．复辅音内的几个辅音的音质变化是突变式的D．复辅音并不是所有语言中都存在的语音现象6．下列各项中，都是低元音的一组是（）A．[y,æ] B．［a,Λ］ C．［u，ε] D．[Aα,]7．下列各组辅音中，发音部位相同的一组是（）A．[k,η] B．［m， n] C．［n，η] D．［k,p］8．北京话“面"单念时读作[miæn],但“面包”却读作[miæmpαu]，这种语流音变象A．弱化B．增音 C．同化D．异化9．关于现代汉语“洗”和“浴”两个语素，下列说法不正确．．．的一项是（）A．“洗”是成词语素，“浴”是不成词语素B．“洗”是自由语素，“浴”是黏着语素C．“洗"是不定位语素，“浴”是定位语素D．“洗”和“浴”都是实义语素10．下列各组中，三个复合词构词类型不一致．．．的一组是（）A．席卷耳鸣地震B．打倒切断推翻C．发光散热出气D．天地欢乐爱好11．下列各组词，吸收外来成分的手段存在不一致．．．情况的一组是（)A．丹麦挪威法兰西B．沙拉咖啡麦当劳C．卡车啤酒立邦漆D．香波克隆好莱坞12．语法规则的“抽象性”是指（）A．对语言的结构和成分进行类的概括B．相同规则可在一个结构里重复使用C．语法规则之间可以相互推导和解释D．语法规则的发展变化过程十分缓慢13．语法现象可以分成“核心语法现象”和“外围语法现象"，其中“核心语法现象"主要是指（）A．词语搭配问题B．意义表达问题C．语音实现问题D．句法结构问题14．主要功能是用来“造句”的同一级语法单位是指( ）A．语素和语素组B．语素组和词C．词和词组D．词组和句子15．汉语中的词类（词的语法分类)可以首先分出的两个大类是( ）A．基本词和非基本词B．实词和虚词C．典型词和兼类词D．体词和谓词16．下列关于“直接组成成分分析法”（层次分析法）的表述，不正确．．．的一项是（）A．从最大的词组开始逐层切分，一直切分到词为止B．从最小的词开始逐层组合,一直组合到词组为止C．分析时要依据两条原则：“成结构”和“有意义”D．分析时采用的方法是“先分主干”和“后添枝叶”17．“汽车”和“卡车"是（）A．上下位词B．同义词 C．等义词D．近义词18．下列各项中,语义结构属于复合述谓结构的一项是（）A．这样做不值得B．他跑过去开门C．我们单位需要增加编制D．他们正在研究如何筹集资金19．下列各项中，甲和乙是预设关系的一项是（)A．（甲)他买了一支钢笔//（乙）他买了一支笔B．(甲)老王在小李的左边//（乙）小李在老王的右边C．（甲)他早就不在学校工作了//（乙)他以前在学校工作过D．（甲）什么水果他都吃过//（乙）他吃过苹果20．文字最基本的单位是（）A．笔画B．字符 C．偏旁D．部首21．根据字符跟什么样的语言单位相联系的标准来分类，已知自源文字都属于（)A．词语文字B．语素文字 C．音节文字D．音位文字22．在语言谱系分类的层级体系中，最大的类别是（）A．语族B．语支 C．语系 D．语群23．在儿童学会说话的过程中，“双词阶段”标志着儿童产生的语言能力是（）A．语音能力 B．语汇能力 C．语法能力D．语义能力24．“萨丕尔（E。

(完整word版)英语语言学试题(1)及答案

英语语言学试题（1）I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocal cords3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A、bound morphemeB、bound formC、inflectional morphemeD、free morpheme4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike."A、is synonymous withB、is inconsistent withC、entailsD、presupposes6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A、elaborationB、simplificationC、external borrowingD、internal borrowing8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A、Lingua francaB、CreoleC、PidginD、Standard language9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisitionII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language.12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ .13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms.16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d___ the form of "be".19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c______period for first language acquisition.20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, I ______is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you thin k so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)( )21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.( )22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. ( )23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.( )24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.( )25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English.( )26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise.( )27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.( )28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains.( )29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.( )30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcription34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、context39、euphemism40、brain lateralizationV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.语言学试题(1)参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B8、C9、A 10、D二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete16、representatives17、coinage18、delete19、critical20、interlanguage三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）21、FActually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.22、FVoicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.23、FThe meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".24、FApart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or a phrase that performs a particular grammatical function.25、FDialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.26、T27、T28、FThey have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, i.e. one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains.29、FThe true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determines speakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"30、T四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics,e.g.the study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present.33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It is generally used in dictionaries and language teaching textbooks.34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, e.g.-ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective.35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For example, "husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc. 37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising of +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer, For example, the knowledge of the language used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.39、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, e.g. "pass away" for "die".40、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain. For example, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In most people, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language, while the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.1) Vowel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved seven long, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of the major discrepancies between the phonemic representations of words and morphemes, i.e. between pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, e.g.five→/fi:v/(Middle English)→/faiv/(Modern English) 2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English, its pronunciation is /nait/.3) Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain or insertion of a sound. For example, the word leisure was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis, e.g.spinle--spindle.4) Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, but it does exist. In some dialects of English, for example, the word ask is pronounced /? ks/. Also, bridd ("bird") is an Old English word. When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".评分标准：满分为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。

2023年自考专业英语现代语言学模拟试卷1

自考专业(英语)现代语言学模拟试卷1一、单项选择题1、What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a ________ system of grammatical knowledge.A.phraseB.sentenceC.ruleD.symbol2、________ transcription is really the transcription required and used by the phoneticians in their study of speech sounds.A.BroadB.DetailedC.WideD.Narrow3、Dialectal synonyms are synonyms used in different ________ dialects.A.personalB.regionalC.socialD.professional4、________ studies how sounds are put together to convey meaning in communication.A.PhonologyB.MorphologyC.LexicologyD.Phonetics5、________ is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the worlds languages.A.PhonologyB.PhoneticsC.MorphologyD.Phonemics6、The distinction between langue and parole was made by ________ early 20th century.A.American linguist N. ChomskyB.Swiss linguist F. de SaussureC.American linguist Edward SapirD.British linguist J. R. Firth7、A compound word consists of ________.A.two or more than two wordsB.two morphemesC.two root morphemesD.two or more morphemes8、Modern English has a much weak case system, so its sentences have to follow a basic word order of ________.A.SOVB.SVOC.OSVD.VSO9、The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, ________, and kin term.A.title+first nameB.title+titleC.title aloneD.first name +last name +title10、In the phrase structure rule “S→NP VP” the arrow can be read as ________.A.consists ofB.is equal toC.hasD.generates参考答案：【一、单项选择题】 1~5CDBAB6~10BABC。

大学语言学概论考试(习题卷1)

大学语言学概论考试(习题卷1)第1部分：单项选择题，共66题，每题只有一个正确答案,多选或少选均不得分。

1.[单选题]语言符号只能一个接一个出现，这是语言结构的A)不变性特征B)线性特征C)约定性特征D)聚合性特征答案:B解析:2.[单选题]中国传统的文字学、音韵学、训诂学统称A)大学B)名学C)玄学D)小学答案:D解析:3.[单选题]下列各组词中全部属于复合词的一组是( )A)大学、人民、（英）readerB)劳动、阿姨、(英)railwayC)瓶子、教室、（英）unhappyD)道路、材料、（英）classroom答案:D解析:4.[单选题][]音素[i]和[y]的差别是由( )的差别形成的。

A)音高B)音强C)音长D)音质答案:D解析:D5.[单选题]下列关于直接组成成分分析法，(层次分析法)的表述不正确的一项是A)从最大的词组开始逐层切分可以任意切分B)从最小的词开始组成组合，一直组合到复杂词组为止C)分析时要依据两条原则“成结构和有意义”D)分析时采用的方法是先分主干和后天枝叶答案:A解析:6.[单选题]语言学概论应属于( )。

D)汉语言学答案:B解析:7.[单选题][]下面的派生意义中,属于隐喻的是( )。

A)英语的pen指笔B)“习”的“温习”义C)寺院的方丈D)法语的bureau指办公桌答案:B解析:B8.[单选题]英语中的”impossible、incomplete、irregular”的三个否定的变词语素”im、in、ir”从发音上解释它们在形式上不同的原因是因为:( )A)同化B)异化C)弱化D)脱落答案:A解析:9.[单选题]汉语中的“着、了、过”在古代具有实实在在的词汇意义，到了现代成为表示类似体的意义的构形语素，这是（）。

A)词序的变化B)异化C)类推D)新的语法范畴的形成答案:D解析:10.[单选题]外语学习的高原期指的是A)听说阶段B)读写阶段C)初期D)后期答案:D解析:11.[单选题][]根据语言成分与人类经验的映像关系而得出的是( )。

语言学（1）

1 “赋，诗歌”等中国传统文学体裁的语言形成机制是（ D ）A 预设B 多余C 类推D 对称2.在时间线条的某一位置上，可以相互替换的语言符号之间的关系是( B )A.组合关系B.聚合关系C.层级关系D.表里关系3. 就表现形式来看，人类语言符号属于（B ）A.视觉符号B.听觉符号C.嗅觉符号D.触觉符号4. 可以归并在同一音位中的音素是（ A ）A.具有互补关系，语音上又相似的音素B.语音上相似的音素C.彼此能区分词的语音形式和意义的音素D.具有非对立性关系的音素5. 英语的长短音和汉语的声调能够区别意义，它们（ C ）A.都是音质音位B. 前者是音质音位，后者是非音质音位C.都是非音质音位D. 前者是非音位变体，后者是音质音位6.英语中“independent”和“impossible”中的“in”“im”都表示否定，这种语流音叫（B ）A.增音B.同化C.异化D.脱落7.“outstanding”这个词构词方式是（ B ）A.词缀+词根+加词尾B.词缀+词根C.词根+词缀D.词根+词尾8.汉语拼音bang中的韵腹a是( D )A.舌面前、低、圆唇元音B.舌面前、低、不圆唇元音C.舌面央、低、圆唇元音D舌面后、低、不圆唇元音9.下例语言单位，不是词的是（ D）A．马虎 B.瓜子 C.愿景 D.别去10.就“买书”，“借米”两例看，下列说法正确的是（ A）A “买”与“书”有组合关系，与“借”有聚合关系B “买“与”书“有组合关系，与”米“有聚合关系C “买“与”借”有组合关系，“与米”有聚合关系D “买”与“借”有组合关系，与“米”有聚合关系11.同一音位的各个变体之间的关系是（ D ）A.互相补充B.自由替换C.互相对立D.互不对立12.汉语的“我”，翻译成英语在不同的句子成分中，I分别是“I”和“me”“my”“mine”，这里使用的语法手段是（ B ）A.重叠法B.异根法C.重音移动法D.外部附和法13.“奥林匹克运动会”这个词包含的语素数量是（ C ）A.2个B.3个C.4个D.7个14.从词的构造方式看，汉语“健儿”一词属于（ C ）A．单纯词 B.派生词 C.复合词 D.简缩词15.“船头”“石子”的构词方式分别是（ D ）A．都是词根加词缀 B前者是词根加词缀，后者是词根加词根C．都是词根加词根 D.前者是词根加词根，后者是词根加词缀16.英国语言哲学家奥斯汀提出的著名语用学理论是( A )A,言语行为 B.会语含义 C礼貌原则 D 语境17.把现代汉语第三人称代词写成“他”“她”（ D ）A 表示性范畴B 表示格范畴C表示人称范畴D 什么语法范畴都不表示18.汉语普通话中没有的发音部位是( B )A.双唇 B 齿间 C唇齿 D 舌面19.下列关于”语言”和”言语”的说法不正确的是( C)A.语言是抽象的,言语是具体的B.语言是有限的,言语是无限的C.语言是个别的,言语是一般的D.语言是从大量的言语事实中抽象概括出来的20.下列特点中不属于屈折语的有（B ）A.有丰富的词形变化B.没有内部屈折C.一个变词语素可以同时表示好几种语法意 D：词根和变词语素之间结合紧密21 下列语言。

语言学概论-试卷1

一、在下列每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将其字母标号填入括号内。

1.A symbol consists of two parts: a concrete form and the which the object or form conveys. ( A )A. meaningB. meansC. signD. signature2. By saying language is ____ we mean we can’t give a sound reason wh y such a form ispronounced in this way rather than in that way, and why a particular meaning should be indicated by this form rather than by that form. 我们无法给出合理的理由说明为什么以这种方式而不是以这种方式发音，以及为什么应该用这种形式而不是那种形式来表示特定的含义。

( B )A. systematicB. arbitrary任意的C. symbolicD. conventional3. Which of the following is an acceptable English form? ( D )A. / fsem /B. / uid /C. / mdik /D. / haid /4. Which of the following is a narrow transcription? ( D )A. /′kʌmfət/B. /′ritn/C. /fi: l /D. /kʌla: s /★5. The production of a stop consists of three stages: closure stage, hold stage and_____ stage ( B )A. relaxB. releaseC. stopD. relieve6. A phoneme is defined as a minimal, distinctive unit in the _____ system of a language. ( D )A.syntaxB. semanticsC. linguisticD. sound7. The same phrase or sentence may have two or more interpretations depending on the hierarchical arrangement of its constituents. 相同的短语或句子可能具有两种或更多种解释，具体取决于其组成的层次结构Such a case is called _____. ( A )A. structural ambiguityB. semantic ambiguityC. hierarchical orderD. linear order8. Which of the following is NOT an illocutionary（言外的）speech act according to Searle?(D )A. directivesB. commissivesC. expressivesD. representation9. Lexical(词汇的) semantics is concerned with _____ meaning. (C )A. sentenceB. syntacticC. wordD. discourse10.If sentences are syntactically well-formed but semantically ill-formed(句子在语法上格式正确，但在语义上格式错误，), they are known as semantically _____ sentences. (C )A. normalB. abnormalC. anomalous (异常的)D. well-formed二、填空题。

语言学概论练习题1-4套 (1)

语言学概论试题(1)一、填空1、语言中最单纯、最常用、最原始和最能产的词是（根词/基本词汇）。

2、语言是人类最重要的交际工具，文字是最重要的（辅助）交际工具。

•3、我国古代学者为读懂古书而建立的训诂学、文字学、音韵学组成了我国的（语文学），通称为“小学”。

4、英语属于印欧语系的（日耳曼）语族的西部语支。

•5、是否能够（独立/自由）运用，是区分词和语素的根本特点。

6、语言发展的主要特点是（渐变性）和（不平衡性）。

二、选择题••••••1、中国的传统语文学研究的薄弱环节是（ D ）••Ａ、文字学Ｂ、语音学••Ｃ、词汇学Ｄ、语法学•2、汉语属于（B）•Ａ、屈折语Ｂ、词根语•Ｃ、多式综合语Ｄ、粘着语•3、一种语言中数量最少的是（B）••Ａ、音素Ｂ、音位••Ｃ、语素Ｄ、音节•4、文字的前身是（C）••Ａ、结绳记事Ｂ、手势••Ｃ、图画记事Ｄ、实物记事•5、派生词中包含（B）••Ａ、词尾Ｂ、词根••Ｃ、虚词Ｄ、根词•6、语音和语义结合的最小的语言单位是（C）••Ａ、音素Ｂ、义素••Ｃ、语素Ｄ、音位7、汉语“忽然”出现的位置是（C）••Ａ、主语位置Ｂ、谓语位置••Ｃ、状语位置Ｄ、定语位置8、以下各种语言变体中，属于社会方言的是（D）•••Ａ、土话Ｂ、客家话•••Ｃ、客套话Ｄ、黑话9、下列语素中属于自由语素的是（C）•••Ａ、初Ｂ、视•••Ｃ、人Ｄ、民能够独立成词，也能够同别的语素组合成词语的语素叫自由语素。

例如：人——人们、人民、人类、人生、众人、强人……电——电灯、电话、电影、电视、闪电、静电……10、在语言结构的某一环节上能够互相替换，•具有某种相同作用的各个单位之间所形成的关系叫（D）••Ａ、转换关系Ｂ、组合关系••Ｃ、层级关系Ｄ、聚合关系三、试以国际音标标出下列各词的读音1、优秀2、维持3、宏观4、精神5、离开四、用义素分析法分析下列各组词1、瞻仰 [+用眼 +往一定方向 +崇敬地]鸟瞰 [+用眼 +往一定方向 +向下]2、生[+存在状态 +开始或继续]死[+存在状态 +结束]五、简答题1、指出汉语普通话a音位的几个条件变体，描述其发音特点和出现条件。

(完整版)英语语言学试题(1)及答案

英语语言学试题（1）I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocal cords3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A、bound morphemeB、bound formC、inflectional morphemeD、free morpheme4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike."A、is synonymous withB、is inconsistent withC、entailsD、presupposes6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization.A、elaborationB、simplificationC、external borrowingD、internal borrowing8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A、Lingua francaB、CreoleC、PidginD、Standard language9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrusB、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisitionII. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language.12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ .13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms.16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d___ the form of "be".19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c______period for first language acquisition.20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, I ______is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)( )21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.( )22、V oicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English.( )23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.( )24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.( )25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British English or American English. ( )26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise.( )27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.( )28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains. ( )29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.( )30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcription34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、context39、euphemism40、brain lateralizationV. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.语言学试题(1)参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、C2、C3、D4、D5、D6、B7、B8、C9、A 10、D二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11、knowledge12、bilabial13、morphology14、sentence15、complete16、representatives17、coinage18、delete19、critical20、interlanguage三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）21、FActually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.22、FV oicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.23、FThe meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".24、FApart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or a phrase that performs a particular grammatical function.25、FDialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.26、T27、T28、FThey have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, i.e. one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains.29、FThe true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determines speakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"30、T四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, e.g.the study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present.33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It is generallyused in dictionaries and language teaching textbooks.34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, e.g.-ly can be added to a noun to form an adjective.35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For example, "husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc.37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising of +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer, For example, the knowledge of the language used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.39、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, e.g. "pass away" for "die".40、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain. For example, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In most people, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language, while the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.1) V owel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved seven long, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of the major discrepancies between the phonemic representations of words and morphemes, i.e. between pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, e.g.five→/fi:v/(Middle English)→/faiv/(Modern English)2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English, its pronunciation is /nait/.3) Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain or insertion of a sound. For example, the word leisure was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A change that involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis, e.g.spinle--spindle. 4) Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, but it does exist. In some dialects of English, for example, the word ask is pronounced /? ks/. Also, bridd ("bird") is an Old English word. When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".评分标准：满分为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。

语言学概论在线考试1

B.形式
C.文字
D.语音
☆考生答案：D
★考生得分：0.6分评语：
2.人的大脑分左右两半球，大脑的左半球控制语言活动，右半球掌管不需要语言的感性____。（0.6分）A.理性思维
B.间接思维
C.直观思维
D.抽象思维
☆考生答案：C
★考生得分：0.6分评语：
3.语汇的普遍性使得各种语言的语汇能表达大量共同的概念，而则使得某种语言的语汇又能体现一些独特的认识。（0.6分）A.民族性
正确
☆考生答案：错误
★考生得分：0.6分评语：
9.地主阶级和农民阶级之间没有共同语言，这说明语言是有阶级性的。（0.6分）错误
正确
☆考生答案：正确
★考生得分：0分评语：
10.语言具有自然属性，是自然现象。（0.6分）错误
正确
☆考生答案：错误
★考生得分：0.6分评语：
二.单选题（共10题,共6分）1.国际音标是由国际语音学会制定、用来标写世界上各种语言或方言的的标号。（0.6分）A.符号
正确
☆考生答案：错误
★考生得分：0.6分评语：
4.语言是一种特殊的社会现象。（0.6分）错误
正确
☆考生答案：正确
★考生得分：0.6分评语：
5.汉语中语素大多数是单音节形式，书面上用一个汉字记录，语素、词和字三者是一一对应关系。（0.6分）错误
正确
☆考生答案：错误
★考生得分：0.6分评语：
6.词根语素简称词根，是词的主干部分，词的主要词汇意义由它体现出来。（0.6分）错误
正确
☆考生答案：错误
★考生得分：0.6分评语：
7.语音的社会属性首先体现为，语音与语义的结合由社会约定俗成，离开了社会的约定俗成，就没有语言的产生，也就没有语音的存在。（0.6分）错误

全国自考语言学概论(语用)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)

全国自考语言学概论（语用）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题 5. 分析题7. 填空题名词解释1．语用正确答案：即语言运用，指人们在一定的交际环境中对语言的实际运用。

涉及知识点：语用2．语用学正确答案：语用学：是一个主要研究“语言使用者对语言的实际运用”和“制约语言使用的条件”的语言学分支学科领域。

涉及知识点：语用3．语境正确答案：语境：是从具体的言语交际活动中抽象出来的，能够对人们的话语结构、意义、表达方式和表达效果产生影响的那些因素和条件。

涉及知识点：语用4．言内语境正确答案：言内语境：又称上下文语境，指语言表达中的前言后语或上下文。

涉及知识点：语用5．言外语境正确答案：言外语境：指与言语交际活动相关的时间、空间、场景等交际情景和社会情境，与交际主体相关的人际环境和与话题相关的知识背景等。

涉及知识点：语用6．指示正确答案：指示：主要是指示词语的所指问题，它是以一个言语活动的各个要素(说话者、说话时间、说话地点)为参照才能确定的某些词语的所指意义。

涉及知识点：语用7．指称正确答案：主要是一般名词的所指问题，它是指只有当一个词语进入话语作为具体谈论的对象，即与语境中特定对象发生关联时，才会有的具体的所指意义。

涉及知识点：语用8．会话准则正确答案：人们在会话中总是要表达一定的意义和达到一定的交际目的，也就必然会涉及言语交际和语言运用的一些基本规则，对这些规则的遵守或有意违反，都会对言语交际的结果、语言运用的效果产生显著影响，这些规则就是“会话准则”。

涉及知识点：语用9．合作原则正确答案：是指在言语交际中，为确保交谈双方相互配合而遵守的语用规则。

涉及知识点：语用10．礼貌原则正确答案：指出于相互尊重的需要，交谈双方在言语交际中应该遵守的语用规则。

涉及知识点：语用11．蕴含义正确答案：通常情况下是指说出的话中包含着其中某个词语的上位义或整体义。

涉及知识点：语用12．衍推义正确答案：是句子固有和稳定不变的含义，从逻辑的角度讲是指充分不必要关系：如果A为真，B一定为真；如果B为假，A也一定为假；但如果B为真，A不一定为真。

全国自考(语言学概论)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)

全国自考（语言学概论）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 多项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题 5. 分析题6. 论述题单项选择题1．“人有人言，兽有兽语”中的“言”属于( )A．语言B．言语C．言语行为D．言语作品正确答案：A解析：语言是使一个人能够理解和被他人理解的全部语言习惯，是社会成员约定俗成共同使用的部分，是均质的，是言语活动的社会部分。

2．下列说法正确的一项是( )A．语言和种族有着必然的联系B．语言和种族无必然的联系C．区分语言和方言的标准是语言的相互理解程度D．语言的客观存在形式是跟人类社会的口头交际活动无关的正确答案：B解析：语言是人类特有的。

语言是一种社会现象，是在一定的语言环境中后天形成的，语言和种族并无必然的联系。

3．下列各项中都是不圆唇元音的一组是( )A．[i，u]B．[e，o]C．[A，y]D．[a，]正确答案：D解析：根据舌面元音图可知，[a]是前低不圆唇元音，]是后低不圆唇元音。

[u][o][y]都是圆唇元音。

4．下列关于音素的说法正确的是( )A．音素是最小的语言单位B．音素是最小的语言类型单位C．音素是最小的音义结合体D．音素是从音质角度划分出来的最小语音单位正确答案：D5．根据表达需要有意识地加上去的重音是( )A．节律重音B．语法重音C．固定重音D．强调重音正确答案：D解析：强调重音，又叫逻辑重音，是指人们说话时为了强调句子中的某个地方而有意识地加强某个词语的读音。

6．下列词语中，不能看作离合词的是( )A．睡觉B．喝水C．起来D．吃饭正确答案：C解析：离合词是指词中可以插入某些固定的成分而不改变原义的一类特殊的词。

“睡觉”可以加入成分变成“睡一觉”，“喝水”可以加入成分变成“喝了水”，“吃饭”可以加入成分变成“吃了饭”，加入成分后词义并没有发生改变，但它们可以添加的成分非常有限，所以不是词组。

“起来”这个词中间一旦插入其他成分，意义必然会发生改变，因此不是离舍词。

XX大学成人教育学院2022-2023学年度第二学期期末考试《语言学概论》复习试卷1

XX大学成人教育学院2022-2023学年度第二学期期末考试《语言学概论》复习试卷1一单选题（共12题，总分值12分，下列选项中有且仅有一个选项符合题目要求，请在答题卡上正确填涂。

）1.在英语中，属于同一音位的两个音位变体是（D ） o （1分）2.A. [k]⅛I[p] B. [b]^∏[p]C, [t]⅛(p]汉语“卡宾枪”中的“卡”是一个(D )0(1分)D. M]和[p]3.A.词 B.词根 C.词缀汉语中的声调属于（D ）. （1分）D.音节4.A.音质音位 B.时位 C.重位下列词中属于复合词的是（A ）o （1分）D.调位5.A.天子 B.傻子 C.席子现代汉语普通话中，［p］与［t］的区别特征是（A ）。

（1分）D.椅子6.A.双唇/舌尖中 B.塞音/擦音 C.清/浊“他读书”中的“书”和“我看报”中的“报”之间的关系为（B ）。

D.送气/不送气（1分）7.A.组合关系 B.聚合关系 C.线性关系英语“g。

” 一词的过去时形式是went,其语法手段是（D ）o （1分）D.任意关系8.A.附加 B.内部屈折 C.重音转移下列词语中属于音译词的是（C ）＜. （1分）D.异根9.A.电话 B.马力 C.葡萄用词形变化表现的行为动作进行的状态这种语法范畴属于（C ）o （1D.面包分）10.A.格 B.时 C.体下列词组属于基本词组的是（B ）。

（1分）D.态11.A.数量词组 B.偏正词组 C."的〃字词组现代汉语表达句法结构的语法意义一般不用（C ）0（1分）D.介词词组12.A.虚词 B.语序 C.词形变化语言中最小的音义结合单位是（O0（1分）D.重叠A.词B.词组C.语素D.句子二判断题（共12题，总分值24分正确的填涂“A”，错误的填涂"B" o ）13 .态是用词形变化表现出来的动词所表动作与主语间的施受关系。

（2分）（正确）14 .在语流里绝大多数音位变体不可能在同一位置上出现。

语言学试卷1-8汇总(考试)

Translate the following terms from English into Chinese.把下列术语翻译成中文1.duality of structure _________结构的二元性_______________2.General Linguistics ________普通语言学________________3.voiceless consonant _________清辅音_______________plementary distribution ________互补分布________________5.free morpheme ________自由词素________________6.immediate constituent ________直接成份________________ponential Analysis ________成份分析________________8.American Structuralism ________美国结构主义________________9.zero morph _________零语子_______________10.structural ambiguity _________结构歧义_______________11.productivity _________多产性______________12.linguistic competence __________语言能力______________13.manner of articulation _________发音方法_______________14.intonation language _________语调语言_______________15.allophone __________音位变体______________16.inflectional morpheme _________曲折语素_______________17.phrase marker __________短语标记______________18.denotation __________指示______________19.Systemic-Functional Grammar __________系统功能语法______________20.bound morpheme __________粘着语素______________21.cultural transmission __________文化传播______________22.Descriptive Linguistics __________描写语言学______________23.derivational morpheme ___________派生词素_____________24.consonant ___________辅音_____________25.tone language ___________声调语言_____________26.empty morph ___________虚语子_____________27.syntax ___________语法_____________plementary antonym ___________互补反义词_____________29.mode of discourse ____________话语方式____________30.free variation _______自有变异_________________31.displacement __________取代______________32.paradigmatic relation __________集合体关系______________33.voiced consonant __________浊辅音______________34.minimal pair __________极小对______________35.phoneme __________音位______________36.lexical ambiguity __________词法的歧义性______________37.connotation __________内涵______________nguage acquisition device __________语言习得机制______________39.constituency __________选区______________40.alien __________相异______________41.design feature __________设计特点______________42.Theoretical Linguistics __________理论语言学______________43.diphthong __________双元音______________44.contrastive distribution __________对立分布______________45.translation-loan __________借译词______________46.ultimate constituent __________主要成分______________47.relational opposite __________关系对立词______________48.genre __________类型______________49.dependency __________从属______________50.denizen __________居民______________51.arbitrariness __________任意______________52.linguistic performance ___________语言行为_____________53.vowel ___________元音_____________54.free variation ___________自由变异_____________55.derivational morpheme _________派生词素_______________56.surface structure __________表层结构______________57.mode of discourse ___________话语方式_____________58.gradable antonym __________分级反义词______________59.Innateness Hypothesis __________天赋假说______________plementary antonym __________互补反义词______________61.interchangeability _______可交换性_________________62.syntagmatic relation ________结构关系________________63.pure vowel _________纯元音_______________64.intonation language _________语调语言_______________65.bound morpheme __________粘着语素______________66.linguistic competence __________语言能力______________67.deep structure __________深层结构______________68.semantic field __________语义场_____________69.context of situation ___________情境语境_____________70.manner of articulation ___________发音方法_____________71.discreteness ___________组件_____________72.Applied Linguistics _________应用语言学_______________73.immediate constituent __________直接成分______________74.place of articulation __________发音部位______________75.phoneme ___________音位；音素_____________76.zero morph _________零语子_______________77.structural ambiguity __________结构歧义______________78.hyponymy __________上下位关系______________79.tenor of discourse ___________语旨_____________ponential Analysis __________成分分析______________Answer the following questions.回答一下问题1.What are the differences between grammatical competence and pragmatic competence2.What is the difference between free morphemes and bound morphemes Illustrate it with examples.3.What are the three syntactic relations Illustrate them with examples.4.What does it mean to say that language is arbitrary Illustrate it with examples.5.What is the difference between tone languages and intonation languages Illustrate it with examples.6.Explain the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes in terms of both function and position.7.What does it mean to say that language is a system Illustrate it with examples.8.What is the difference between an empty morph and a zero morph Illustrate it with examples.9.What are the differences between surface structure and deep structure Illustrate them with examples.10.What does it mean to say that language is symbolic Illustrate it with examples.11.What is a morpheme Illustrate the relationship between morphemes, morphs, and allomorphs with examples.12.What are the three general types of antonyms And how do they differ from each other13.What are the three sub-branches of phonetics How do they differ from each other14.What does Semantic Filed Theory mainly propose Illustrate it with examples.15.What is the difference between segmental features and supra-segmental features What are the supra-segmentalfeatures in English16.What are the design features of languages17.How does denotation differ from connotation Illustrate their difference with examples.18.Why do we say “absolute synonyms are rare or even non-existent” Illustrate it with examples.19.What does it mean to say that language is dual-structured20.What does compounding mean Illustrate with examples the differences between hyphenated compounds, solidcompounds and open compounds21.What are the essential factors for determining sentence meaning Illustrate them with examples.22.How does a diachronic description of a language differ from a synchronic description of a language Illustrate theirdifference with examples.23.What are the three conditions for forming a minimal pair Illustrate it with examples.24.What does clipping mean in morphology Illustrate with examples the difference between back clipping, frontclipping, front and back clipping, and phrase clipping.Practical work.Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions：写对应于每一个下面语音描述的符号Example: a voiceless velar plosive [k]1) a voiced bilabial plosive __ [b] ____2) a voiceless labiodental fricative __ [f] ____3) a voiced bilabial nasal __ [ m ] ____4) a high front unrounded vowel __[ i ]___5) a voiced bilabial glide __[w]____6) a voiceless dental fricative __[θ]____7) a voiced labiodental nasal __ [?] ____8) a mid central unroudned vowel ___[ ?:] ___9) a voiced velar plosive __ /g/ ____10) a voiceless alveolar fricative _[θ:]_____11) a voiced alveolar liquid __ ____12) a mid back rounded vowel __[?:] ____13) a voiced dental fricative __[ e ] ____14) a voiceless alveo-palatal affricative __ / ? /____15) a voiced post-alveolar liquid __ /?/ ____16) a high back rounded vowel __ [u] ____17) a voiceless bilabial plosive ___[p]___18) a voiced alveolar fricative __[s]____19) a voiceless post-alveolar affricate __ [t??] ____20) a low front unrounded vowel __[a]____21) a voiceless alveo-palatal fricative __t____22) a voiced post-alveolar affricate __[z]____23) a voiceless palatal plosive __[c]____24) a mid front unrounded vowel _[ε]___25) a voiceless alveolar plosive __ [t] ____26) a voiced alveolar nasal ______27) a voiced palatal glide ______28) a low central unrounded vowel __Λ____29) a voiced alveo-palatal fricative __x____30) a voiceless dental fricative __[θ]____31) a voiced alveo-palatal affricate ______32) a low back rounded vowel _[ ?]_____Divide the following words into separate morphemes by placing a “+” between each morpheme and the next:Example: bookshelf = book + shelf1)manly = man+ly2)encourage = en+cour+age3)placement = place+ment4)agreement = agree+ment5)affixes =6)footprint = foot+print7)underestimation= under+estimation8)disapproval = dis+approval9)gentleman = gentle+man10)entertainment = enter+tain+ment11)entitle = en+title12)reread =re+read13)unfit = un+fit14)waterbed = water+bed15)disorderly = dis+order+ly16)unsuccessful = un+success+ful17)structural = structural18)sweeten = sweet+en19)marker = mark+er20)decided = decid+ed21)exciting = excit+ing22)greenhouse = green+house23)disgraceful = dis+grace+ful24)enlargement = en+large+ment25)informed =inform+ed26)amazing = amaz+ing27)advanced =advance+ed28)enrich =en+rich29)deafen =deaf+en30)undergo = un+dergo31)irregularly = ir+regular+ly32)decoded = decod+ed33)incorrect = in+correct34)undo = un+do35)weekly = week+ly36)functional =func+tion+al37)illiterate = ill+iterate38)sleepwalk = sleep+walk39)unmanly = un+man+ly40)befriended = be+friend+ed41)disobey = dis+oney42)rewrite = re+write43)yearly = year+ly44)troublesome = trouble+some45)talented = talent+ed46)lookout = look+out47)boyishness = boy+ish+ness48)disappearance = dis+appear+ance49)supervise = super+vise50)costly = cost+ly51)inspiring = inspire+ing52)prescription =pre+scrip+tion53)threaten = threat+en54)overlook = over+look55)undesirable = un+desir+able56)irreplaceable = ir+re+place+able57)eatable = eat+able58)amusement = amuse+ment59)monthly = month+ly60)generalize =generalize61)logical =logic+al62)grandfather = grand+father63)incorruptible = in+corrupt+ible64)reenactment =re+enact+mentMatch the names of linguistic figures in column A with the schools or theories or works of linguistics in column B:Column A Column B1)Saussure ( d ) a. Systemic-Functional Grammar2)Halliday ( a ) b. The London School3)Firth ( b ) c.Transformational-Generative Grammar4)Chomsky ( c ) d. The Founder of Structuralism系统功能语法（Systemic-functional Grammar）由英国语言学家韩礼德（Halliday）伦敦学派是以长期在伦敦大学的东方与非洲研究学院教授语音学与语言学并于1944 年成为英国第一任语言学教授弗斯(Firth)为首的语言学派换-生成语法（Transformational-generative grammar，简称TG）是美国语言学家乔姆斯基Column A Column B5)Chomsky ( c ) a. American Structuralism6)Bloomfield ( a ) b. Relational Grammar7)Lamb ( b ) c. Syntactic Structures8)Perlmutter and Postal ( d ) d. Stratificational GrammarColumn A Column B9)Chomsky ( b ) a. The Prague School10)Mathesius ( a ) b. Aspects of The Theory of Syntax11)Malinowski ( d ) c. Case Grammar12)Fillmore ( c ) d. Coral Gardens and Their MagicColumn A Column B13)Chomsky ( b ) a. American Structuralism14)Firth ( d ) b. The Minimalist Program15)Bloomfield ( a ) c. The Distinctive Feature Theory16)Jakobson ( c ) d. The Founder of the London SchoolColumn A Column B17)Chomsky ( c ) a. Montague Grammar18)Hjelmslev ( d ) b. Lexical-Functional Grammar19)Montague ( a ) c. The Innateness Hypothesis20)Brasnan & Kaplan ( b ) d. The Copenhagen SchoolColumn A Column B21)Chomsky ( b ) a. The Copenhagen School22)Jakobson ( d ) b. Language Acquisition Device23)Mathesius ( c ) c. Communicative Dynamism24)Hjelmslev ( a ) d. The Distinctive Feature TheoryColumn A Column B25)Chomsky ( d ) a. The Founder of the London School26)Halliday ( c ) b. The Founder of Structuralism27)Firth ( a ) c. Systemic-Functional Grammar28)Saussure ( b ) d. The Extended Standard TheoryColumn A Column B29)Chomsky ( b ) a. Coral Gardens and Their Magic30)Hjelmslev ( d ) b. The Classical Theory31)Jakobson ( c ) c. The Distinctive Feature Theory32)Malinowski ( a ) d. The Copenhagen SchoolDraw the deep structure phrase markers for the following two sentences:1)John is attending the class.2)Mary could have seen the film.3)Mary is chasing the dog.4)John could have read the book.5)Tom is eating an orange.6)Nancy could have done her homework.7)Johnson is reading a book.8)David could have finished his homework.9)David is singing a song.10)Tim could have told the truth.11)Tim is playing the piano.12)Johnson could have stolen the wallet.13)Nancy is playing the badminton.14)Mary could have seen the poster.15)George is doing his homework.16)David could have read the novel.。

语言学考试试题及答案

语言学考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究语言的科学，它包括以下哪些分支学科？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 语义学D. 所有选项答案：D2. 下列哪个术语不是语言学的分支？A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 神经语言学D. 化学语言学答案：D3. 语言的最小意义单位是什么？A. 音素B. 词素C. 词D. 句子答案：B4. 以下哪个选项是语言的语音属性？A. 音高B. 音长C. 音色D. 所有选项答案：D5. 语言的语法规则可以是：A. 显性的B. 隐性的C. 两者都是D. 两者都不是答案：C6. 以下哪种语言现象不属于语言变异？A. 方言B. 社会方言C. 语言接触D. 语言消亡答案：D7. 语言的演变通常被认为是：A. 随机的B. 有目的的C. 无意识的D. 有意识的答案：C8. 语言接触可能导致：A. 语言融合B. 语言分离C. 语言借用D. 所有选项答案：D9. 语言的语用学研究的是：A. 语言的语境B. 语言的功能C. 语言的意义D. 所有选项答案：D10. 以下哪个术语不属于语义学研究的范围？A. 语义场B. 语义角色C. 语义关系D. 音位学答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的______属性包括音高、音长和音色。

答案：语音2. 语言的______属性包括语法、词汇和语义。

答案：结构3. 语言的______属性涉及语言的社会和文化方面。

答案：社会4. 语言学中的______理论认为语言是一系列规则的集合。

答案：形式主义5. 语言的______是语言学研究的基础单位。

答案：句子6. 语言的______是指语言在不同社会群体中的变体。

答案：变异7. 语言的______是指语言在不同地理区域的变体。

答案：方言8. 语言的______是指语言在不同时间的演变。

答案：历史9. 语言的______是指语言在不同语境中的使用。

答案：语用10. 语言的______是指语言的抽象意义。

全国自考语言学概论(语言和心理、语言学的应用)模拟试卷1(题后

全国自考语言学概论（语言和心理、语言学的应用）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题 6. 论述题名词解释1．大脑单侧化正确答案：大脑单侧化指的是人的大脑左右两个半球并不是完全对称的，不但大小略有差别，而且有明确的分工，即左半球的一定部位掌管语言和抽象的思维活动，而右半球的一定部位掌管与语言无关的直观动作的思维活动。

涉及知识点：语言和心理2．布洛卡失语症正确答案：大脑左半球的布洛卡区受损伤而造成的语言障碍叫布洛卡失语症。

其症状为患者基本上不能说话，但可以听懂别人说的话。

涉及知识点：语言和心理3．维尔尼克失语症正确答案：大脑左半球后部的一个部位叫维尔尼克区，该区受损伤后造成的语言障碍叫维尔尼克失语症。

其症状为患者能够说出一些词语，发音也很准确，但词语之间在意义上没有联系，构不成完整的句予，而且也听不懂别人说的话。

涉及知识点：语言和心理4．失写症正确答案：有的脑损伤患者可以正常说话，也能听懂别人的话，但不能写过去认识的字，写出来也是乱七八糟的，这种病症叫做“失写症”。

涉及知识点：语言和心理5．普遍语法正确答案：乔姆斯基认为人的大脑储存的知识分为两类，一类叫“语言能力知识”或“普遍语法”。

另一类叫“语言运用知识”或“个别语法”。

普遍语法是通过生物进化和遗传获得的知识。

涉及知识点：语言和心理6．语言化学正确答案：通过分析不同语言的特点来分析研究不同民族的社会历史和文化传统，这种研究叫语言文化学或语言民族学。

涉及知识点：语言和心理7．文化语言学正确答案：通过考察不同民族的社会历史和文化传统从而了解不同的语言的特点，这种研究就叫文化语言学。

涉及知识点：语言和心理8．认知活动正确答案：通常所说的人的认知活动主要就是指抽象思维的活动。

涉及知识点：语言和心理9．应用语言学正确答案：广义的应用语言学既包括语言教学或以语言教学为主，也包括语言在其他科学技术和社会生活的更大范围内的种种实际应用。

语言学基础试题及答案

语言学基础试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究什么的科学？A. 语言的物理属性B. 语言的社会功能C. 语言的结构和功能D. 语言的历史发展答案：C2. 语音学研究的是语言的哪个方面？A. 语言的物理性质B. 语言的生理机制C. 语言的社会功能D. 语言的心理认知答案：A3. 下列哪项不是语言学的主要分支？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 语用学D. 心理学答案：D4. 语言的最小意义单位是什么？A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案：C5. 语言中最小的可以独立运用的单位是什么？A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案：B6. 语言的交际功能不包括以下哪一项？A. 表达情感B. 传递信息C. 进行思考D. 艺术表现答案：C7. 语言的符号性质主要体现在哪个方面？A. 任意性B. 线性C. 离散性D. 系统性答案：A8. 语言的哪一项功能与语言的表达形式关系最为密切？A. 认知功能B. 社会功能C. 表达功能D. 工具功能答案：C9. 语言的哪一项功能与语言的交际目的关系最为密切？A. 认知功能B. 社会功能C. 表达功能D. 工具功能答案：B10. 语言的哪一项功能与语言的内在结构关系最为密切？A. 认知功能B. 社会功能C. 表达功能D. 工具功能答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学研究语言的________和________。

答案：结构、功能2. 语音学是研究语言的________和________的学科。

答案：物理性质、生理机制3. 语言学的主要分支包括语音学、语法学、语用学和________。

答案：语义学4. 音素是语言中最小的________单位。

答案：区别性5. 语素是语言中最小的________单位。

答案：意义6. 语言的交际功能包括表达情感、传递信息、________和艺术表现。

答案：进行思考7. 语言的符号性质主要体现在其________上。

英语语言学试题1

英语语言学试题1I. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (2’×10=20’)1.An i________ act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in sayingsomething.2.L_____ is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.3.Different languages offer people different ways of expressing the world around, and so they thinkand speak differently: this is the well-known linguistic r_________.4.Clear ［1］and dark［ł］are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the sameposition in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c__________ distribution.5.Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items, such as “father”and “son”, are called r________ antonyms.6.The ways words are formed are called m_______ rules and these rules determine how morphemesare combined together to form words.7.The study of the linguistic meaning of word, phrase and sentence is called s_________.8.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u________ is concreteand context-dependent.9.Sound a___________ refers to the physiological effect of one sound on another. In this process,successive sounds are made identical and similar to one another in terms of place and manner of articulation.10.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, b________ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.Ⅱ. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement. (2’×10=20’)1.Which of the followings is not a design feature of language? ( )A. ArbitrarinessB. MeaningfulnessC. DualityD. Displacement2.The consonant /b/ in English can be correctly described as having the following phoneticfeatures___________. ( )A. voiceless bilabial stopB. voiceless labiodental affricativeC. voiced bilabial stopD. voiced labiodental affricative3. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to beA. prescriptiveB. descriptiveC. linguisticD. analytic4.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”. ( ) A.A. hierarchicalB. linearC. tree diagramD. verticalponential analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.A. phonemeB. wordC. phraseD. sentence6.According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit (promise) the speaker tosome future course of action are called _______.( )A. commisivesB. directivesC. expressivesD. declaratives7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studieslanguage change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.( )A. synchronicB. diachronicC. comparativeD. historical comparative8.________ refers to the relationship between a more general word and a more specific one，such asbetween color: red, green ,blue, white and black. ( )A. SynomymyB. HyponymyC. PolysemyD. Homonymy9.A_______ is a special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by peoplewho speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. Nobody takes it as his mother tongue. ( ) A creole B diglossia C pidgin D dialect10.________ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional,social, gender, and age variations.A. Ethnic dialectB. SociolectC. IdiolectD. Regional dialectⅢ. Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true orF for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (1’×15=15’)1.General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other areas, studies the basic concept,theories, descriptions, models and method applicable in any linguistic study.2.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.3.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel suchas/i:/, the larynx is in a state of tension.4.The sentence that “it is hot” is no-place predication because it contains no argument.5.A sociolect is a linguistic variety used by people living in the same geographical region.6.An important distinction between traditional grammar and modern linguistics in their study oflanguage is that the former tend to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate “the best author”for language usage.7.A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning.8.Judgments concerning the correctness and purity of linguistic variety are entirely linguistic.9.When the two forms are identical in every way except for one sound segment which occurs in thesame place in the strings, the two words are said to form a phonemic contrast.10.Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only studies the morphemes, but alsothe combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.11.The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussre.12.Despite the cultural differences, there exist a greater and lesser degree of cultural overlap betweentwo societies owing to some similarities in the natural environment and psychology of human beings.13.Once a maxim of cooperation principles is violated, the “conversational implicature” occur.14.The meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components, that is, themeaning of a sentence is not to be worked out by adding up the meanings of all its constituent words.15.Behaviorists attempted to define the meaning of a language form as the situation in which thespeaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer.Ⅳ. Explain three terms of the following four ones, using one or two examples for illustration. (5’×3=15’)1.Head movement2.Speech act theory4. The naming theory3.Inflectional morphemesⅤ. Answer the following questions. (15’×2=30’)1.What are the major branches which form the core of modern linguistics? And what does each ofthem study?2.Draw a tree diagram of the following sentence “I bought three books about linguistics in thebookstore.”答案I. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (2’×10=20’)11.illocutionary 2. Language 3. relativity 4. complementary 5. relational7.morphological 8. semantics 9. utterance 9. assimilation 10. bilingualismⅡ. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement. (2’×10=20’)1-5：B;C;B;B;B 6-10:A; B; B;C;CⅢ. Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (1’×15=15’)1-5: F; T; T; T; F; 6-10: T; F; F; F; F 11-15: F; T; F;T; TⅣ. Explain three terms of the following four ones, using one or two examples for illustration. (5’×3=15’)4.Head movement: The type of inversion operation involving the movement of a word from the headposition in one phrase into the head position in another is also known as head movement, such as the auxiliary movement.5.Speech act theory: It is an important theory in the pragmatic study of language, which wasoriginated with the British philosopher John Austin in the late 50s of the 20th century. According to his new model, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking: locutionary act, illocutionary act and perlocutionary act.6.The naming theory: it is proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. According to this theory, thelinguistic forms or symbols, in other words, the words used in a language are simply labels of the objects they stand for. So words are just names and labels for things.7.Inflectional morphemes: There are bound morphemes which are for the most part purelygrammatical markers and signify such concepts as tense, number, case and so on. Such bound morphemes are called inflectional morphemes.Ⅴ. Answer the following questions. (15’×2=30’)3.What are the major branches which form the core of modern linguistics? And what does each ofthem study?The are phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics.Phonetics : is the study of sounds used in linguistic communication.Phonology: as linguists became interested in how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication, they developed another branch of study related to sounds called pholology.Morphology: the study of the way in which these symbols are arranged and combined to form words has constituted the branch of study is called morphology.Syntax: the study of these rules which govern the combination of words to form grammatically permissible sentences in languages is called syntax.Semantics: the study of meaning is known as semantics.Pragmatics: when the study of meaning is conducted, not in isolation, but in the context of language use, it becomes another branch of linguistic study, it is called pragmatics.2 Draw a tree diagram of the following sentence “I bought three books about linguistics in the bookstore.”N. V. Adj. N. Prep. N. Prep. Det. N.I bought three books about linguistics in the bookstore.。

语言学第一章试题及答案

语言学第一章试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究人类语言的科学，它主要研究语言的哪些方面？A. 语音、语法、语义B. 语音、语法、语用C. 语音、语义、语用D. 语法、语义、语用答案：C2. 以下哪个选项不属于语言的组成部分？A. 词汇B. 语法C. 语义D. 逻辑答案：D3. 语言的最小意义单位是什么？A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句答案：C4. 语言学的哪一项研究关注语言在社会中的使用？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 语用学D. 语义学答案：C5. 以下哪种语言现象属于语言的演变？A. 音变B. 词义演变C. 句法结构变化D. 所有以上答案：D6. 语言的哪一部分是研究语言的物理属性？A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 语音学D. 计算语言学答案：C7. 以下哪个选项是研究语言如何表达意义的学科？A. 语音学B. 语用学C. 语义学D. 句法学答案：C8. 语言学中，研究语言如何随时间变化的学科是什么？A. 历史语言学B. 心理语言学C. 社会语言学D. 计算语言学答案：A9. 以下哪个选项是研究语言的起源和发展的学科？A. 比较语言学B. 心理语言学C. 历史语言学D. 社会语言学答案：C10. 语言学中的“转换生成语法”理论是由谁提出的？A. 弗洛伊德B. 乔姆斯基C. 索绪尔D. 布隆菲尔德答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）1. 语言学的主要分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学和______。

答案：语用学2. 语言的三个基本功能是表达思想、______和表达情感。

答案：交流信息3. 语言学中的“深层结构”和“表层结构”的概念是由______提出的。

答案：乔姆斯基4. 语言的最小音义结合单位是______。

答案：词5. 语言学研究的两个主要对象是语言和______。

答案：言语三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 简述语言学的主要研究内容。

答案：语言学主要研究语言的结构、意义、使用和演变等方面，包括语音学、语法学、语义学、语用学、社会语言学、心理语言学等分支。

语言学概论试卷1

语言学概论试卷1一、单项选择题（本大题共26小题，每小题1分，共26分）1．关于“说话”这种口头交际行为，下列说法正确的一项是（）A．只涉及心理问题，不涉及物理和生理问题B．只涉及物理问题，不涉及生理和心理问题C．只涉及生理问题，不涉及物理和心理问题D．既涉及心理问题，又涉及生理和物理问题2．判断两种话是不同语言还是同一种语言的不同方言应该主要参考（）A．相互理解程度B．语言结构的差异程度C．共同的历史文化传统和民族认同感D．是否属于同一个国家3．关于语音四要素，下列说法不正确．．．的一项是（）A．在任何语言中，音高变化都是语调的主要构成要素B．能起区别语言意义作用的是绝对的音高、音强和音长C．音长是由发音体振动的持续时间决定的D．音强是由发音体振动的振幅大小决定的4．下列关于区别特征的表述中，不正确．．．的一项是（）A．音位是通过区别特征相互区别的B．区别特征完全取决于语音的自然属性C．音位的辨义功能由区别特征负担D．区别特征通常都表现为二项对立5．关于“复辅音”，下列说法不正确．．．的一项是（）A．复辅音是一个音节内两个或几个辅音的组合B．复辅音内的几个辅音彼此之间有过渡音联结C．复辅音内的几个辅音的音质变化是突变式的D．复辅音并不是所有语言中都存在的语音现象6．下列各项中，都是低元音的一组是（）A．[y,æ] B．[a,Λ] C．[u,ε] D．[Aα,]7．下列各组辅音中，发音部位相同的一组是（）A．[k,η] B．[m, n] C．[n, η] D．[k,p]8．北京话“面”单念时读作[miæn],但“面包”却读作[miæmpαu],这种语流音变象A．弱化B．增音C．同化D．异化9．关于现代汉语“洗”和“浴”两个语素，下列说法不正确．．．的一项是（）A．“洗”是成词语素，“浴”是不成词语素B．“洗”是自由语素，“浴”是黏着语素C．“洗”是不定位语素，“浴”是定位语素D．“洗”和“浴”都是实义语素10．下列各组中，三个复合词构词类型不一致．．．的一组是（）A．席卷耳鸣地震B．打倒切断推翻C．发光散热出气D．天地欢乐爱好11．下列各组词，吸收外来成分的手段存在不一致．．．情况的一组是（）A．丹麦挪威法兰西B．沙拉咖啡麦当劳C．卡车啤酒立邦漆D．香波克隆好莱坞12．语法规则的“抽象性”是指（）A．对语言的结构和成分进行类的概括B．相同规则可在一个结构里重复使用C．语法规则之间可以相互推导和解释D．语法规则的发展变化过程十分缓慢13．语法现象可以分成“核心语法现象”和“外围语法现象”，其中“核心语法现象”主要是指（）A．词语搭配问题B．意义表达问题C．语音实现问题D．句法结构问题14．主要功能是用来“造句”的同一级语法单位是指（）A．语素和语素组B．语素组和词C．词和词组D．词组和句子15．汉语中的词类（词的语法分类）可以首先分出的两个大类是（）A．基本词和非基本词B．实词和虚词C．典型词和兼类词D．体词和谓词16．下列关于“直接组成成分分析法”（层次分析法）的表述，不正确．．．的一项是（）A．从最大的词组开始逐层切分，一直切分到词为止B．从最小的词开始逐层组合，一直组合到词组为止C．分析时要依据两条原则：“成结构”和“有意义”D．分析时采用的方法是“先分主干”和“后添枝叶”17．“汽车”和“卡车”是（）A．上下位词B．同义词C．等义词D．近义词18．下列各项中，语义结构属于复合述谓结构的一项是（）A．这样做不值得B．他跑过去开门C．我们单位需要增加编制D．他们正在研究如何筹集资金19．下列各项中，甲和乙是预设关系的一项是（）A．（甲）他买了一支钢笔//（乙）他买了一支笔B．（甲）老王在小李的左边//（乙）小李在老王的右边C．（甲）他早就不在学校工作了//（乙）他以前在学校工作过D．（甲）什么水果他都吃过//（乙）他吃过苹果20．文字最基本的单位是（）A．笔画B．字符C．偏旁D．部首21．根据字符跟什么样的语言单位相联系的标准来分类，已知自源文字都属于（）A．词语文字B．语素文字C．音节文字D．音位文字22．在语言谱系分类的层级体系中，最大的类别是（）A．语族B．语支C．语系D．语群23．在儿童学会说话的过程中，“双词阶段”标志着儿童产生的语言能力是（）A．语音能力B．语汇能力C．语法能力D．语义能力24．“萨丕尔（E.Sapir）-沃尔夫（B. L. Whorf）假说”之所以被称作“语言相关论”，主要是因为他们认为（）A．思维决定语言B．语言决定思维C．语言和思维互不相干D．语言和思维相互作用25．关于“中介语”现象，下列说法正确的一项是（）A．“中介语”越到外语学习后期发展越快B．较高级的“中介语”也不能用于交际C．人们的中介语发展遵循大致相同的规律D．儿童学习母语过程中存在中介语现象26．从语言信息处理技术本身来看，下列各项中，属于未来一段时间研究的主攻方向的是（）A．文字编码B．语音识别C．文本检索D．机器翻译二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）27．从声音产生方面分析，音质的不同取决于（）A．发音体不同B．发音体振动频率不同C．发音体振动幅度不同D．发音的方法不同E．共鸣器形状不同28．关于“常用语汇”，下列说法正确的有（）A．常用语汇和基本语汇不是一回事B．常用语汇是和非常用语汇相对而言的C．常用语汇都是使用频率较高的词D．常用语汇是和一般语汇相对而言的E．常用语汇和基本语汇有相当一部分是重合的29．汉语“妈妈买的”这个词组属于（）A．体词词组B．谓词词组C．向心词组D．离心词组E．特殊词组30．义素分析的作用和优点有（）A．可以简洁地说明词义结构B．有客观的分析标准C．有助于语义描写的形式化D．几十个义素便可以描写整个词义系统E．有助于描写和说明词语的组合条件31．下列关于社会方言的表述中，正确的有（）A．社会方言是随着社会的社群分化而产生的B．社会方言是在一种语言或方言内部形成的C．社会方言是在不同语言相互接触中产生的D．社会方言有自己特殊的结构系统E．社会方言具有明显的排他性三、名词解释题，每一名词解释都须举例。