SELECTION OF ACTIVE NOISE CONTROL STRATEGY TWO TEST CASES

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艾森（Eaton）旋转式过滤器产品说明说明书

Filtration ProductsSpin-On FiltersEaton’s spin-on filters are designed to provide one of the highest cleanliness levels for hydraulic systems, featuring cartridges that are engineered to fit into many leading filter systems on the market.These filters are available with the following features:• Compatible with a variety of mediums such as oils, fuels, emulsions, glycol water and synthetic fluids • Cartridge pressure values in 12, 25 and 35 bar • Flow rates up to 180 l/min• Wide range of operating temperatures from -25 °C up to +110 °C • Buna N gaskets• Connection sizes: 1/2", 3/4", 1", 1 1/4" in BSPP or NPT • Other configurations are available upon request Eaton’s spin-on filters are manufactured and testedaccording to ISO 2941, ISO 3723 and ISO 2942.High performance technology for efficient control of contamination levels in hydraulic, lubrication and engine circuitsSpin-on filters consist of a head mounted directly in-line with the piping and a cartridge containing a filter element. The cartridge seals to the head to prevent leakage. These filters are an effective and economical choice where the line pressure is low, and there are no strong pressure surges. Filters are easy to replace without special equipment or tooling.Technical data and product selection guideApplications• Cooling circuits • Lube oil systems • Power transmissions • Compressors• Hydrostatic charge pumps • Fuel transferMarkets• Power generation • Agriculture • Oil and gas • Construction • Forestry • Mining• Material handling* Standard filter does not include bypass valve or clogging indicator.Consult Eaton for other options.For more information, please email us at ********************or visit /filtration© 2018 Eaton. All rights reserved. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. All information and recommenda-tions appearing in this brochure concerning the use of products described herein are based on tests believed to be reliable. However, it is the user’s responsibility to determine the suitability for his own use of such products. Since the actual use by others is beyond our control, no guarantee, expressed or implied, is made by Eaton as to the effects of such use or the results to be obtained. Eaton assumes no liability arising out of the use by others of such products. Nor is the infor-mation herein to be construed as absolutely complete, since additional information may be necessary or desirable when particular or exceptional conditions or circumstances exist or because of applicable laws or government regulations.North America 44 Apple StreetTinton Falls, NJ 07724Toll Free: 800 656-3344 (North America only)Tel: +1 732 212-4700Europe/Africa/Middle East Auf der Heide 253947 Nettersheim, Germany Tel: +49 2486 809-0Friedensstraße 4168804 Altlußheim, Germany Tel: +49 6205 2094-0An den Nahewiesen 2455450 Langenlonsheim, Germany Tel: +49 6704 204-0ChinaNo. 3, Lane 280, Linhong RoadChangning District, 200335 Shanghai, P .R. China Tel: +86 21 5200-0099Singapore100G Pasir Panjang Road #07-08 Singapore 118523Tel: +65 6825-1668BrazilRua Clark, 2061 - Macuco 13279-400 - Valinhos, Brazil Tel: +55 11 3616-8400EN10-2018。

ANC系统中对次级通道最优变步长算法的研究

系统建模、仿真与分析DOI:10.19557/ki.1001-9944.2019.01.018ANC糸统中对决级通道最优变步长算出的研克袁军，刘东旭，唐晓斌，吕韦喜(重庆邮电大学光电工程学院，重庆400065)摘要：该文基于主动噪声控制(ANC)系统中次级通道建模的稳定性和准确性等问题提出了一种新的次级通道建模的最优变步长算法该算法针对前馈有源ANC系统中次级通道辅助随机白噪声做出改进：通过改变辅助随机白噪声的连续注入使得次级通道的在线建模和离线建模可以相互转换以及通过改变辅助白噪声的固定功率使得次级通道能够跟踪ANC系统稳态下的小变化。

仿真结果表明，控制次级通道辅助随机白噪声连续注入和功率调度的最优变步长算法提高了ANC系统的降噪性能和次级通道的收敛速率以及建模精度关键词：主动噪声控制；最优变步长算法；次级通道建模；辅助随机白噪声中图分类号：TN432文献标志码：A文章编号:1001-9944(2019)01-0074-05Research on Optimal Variable Step Size Algorithm for Secondary Channel in ANC SystemYUAN Jun,LIU Dong-xu,TANG Xiao-bin,LV Wei-xi(College of Electronics Engineering,Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Chongqing40()065,China) Abstract:Based on the stability and accuracy of the secondary channel modeling in active noise control(ANC)sys-tem,this paper proposes a new optimal step size algorithm for secondary channel modeling.This algorithm improves the continuous injection and fixed power consumption of the secondary channel-assisted random white noise in the feedforward active ANC system.By changing the continuous injection of auxiliary random white noise,the on-line modeling and off-line modeling of the secondary channel can be performed.Mutual conversion；By changing the fixed power consumption of the auxiliary white noise,the secondary channel can track small changes in the steady state of the ANC system.The simulation results show that the optimal variable-step algorithm for controlling continuous injection and power scheduling of the secondary channel-assisted random white noise improves the noise reduction performance of the ANC system,the convergence rate of the secondary channel,and the modeling accuracy.Key words：active noise control(ANC)；optimal variable step-size algorithm；secondary path modeling；auxiliary noise power scheduling近年来，随着T.业设备如风扇、发动机、压缩机和变压器的不断增长，声学噪音逐渐成为一个严重的问题。

Roland VB-99 V-Bass系统2 - 音效设置说明书

MAIN OUTPUT SELECT
On Page 1 of the Global Setting screens, you can select the type of device you’re connecting the VB-99’s MAIN OUT jacks to. These settings add some subtle equalization to the signal to compensate the VB-99’s sound to match the inherent tonal characteristics of various instrument amplifiers. The exception is the LINE/PHONES setting, which outputs an un-equalized, “flat response” sound.
3 Use the PAGE buttons to select the desired Global Setting screen, and use the F knobs and/or buttons to make the desired adjustments.
4 When you’re done, press EXIT to return to the Play screen.
You can edit, name, and recall 10 different Global Settings. This lets you quickly and easily set up the VB-99’s sound output for the environments you perform in frequently.

Headphone with Active Noise Control using Analog Adaptive Filters

Headphone with Active Noise Control using AnalogAdaptive FiltersAlex Jos´e Veloso a,V´ıtor Heloiz Nascimento ba,b Electronic Systems Eng.Dept,Escola Polit´e cnica,Universidade de S˜a o Paulo, Av.Prof Luciano Gualberto,trav.3,n158,05508-90,S˜a o Paulo,SP,Brazila alex.veloso@p.br,b vitor@p.brAbstract Traditional methods of acoustic noise control are based on materials that absorb sound waves.These methods employ relatively bulky materials,and present some deﬁciencies that become more important at low frequencies.An active noise control (ANC)system may be used to eﬃciently reduce noise with frequencies below500Hz. Most ANC systems for headphones are based onﬁxed analog controllers with feedback, that usually reduce the noise up to15dB for frequencies below500Hz,independently of the noise spectrum.Changes in the environment,in the positioning of the phone, in the ageing of the components,and diﬀerent users,modify the transfer function of the secondary path,reducing the system performance.Given this limitation,the use of feedback digital adaptiveﬁlters has been investigated.The main factor limiting the performance of feedback digital controllers applied to headphones is the group delay of the secondary path.The group delay of an analog system is smaller than that introduced by a digital system(due to the anti-aliasing,reconstructionﬁlters,analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters used for digital processing).In order to reduce the contribution of the group delay due to the electrical system and to improve the correlation between the reference signal and the noise,we propose the use of a headphone with active noise control using analog adaptiveﬁlters with a FIR-like structure,using instead of a delay line a cascade of gammaﬁlters.1.INTRODUCTIONActive noise control follows the principle of the destructive wave interference,reducing an unwanted acoustic noise generated by a primary source through an anti-noise produced by a secondary source.Figures1and2show a headphone with feedback ANC and its electrical block diagram[1]using digital adaptiveﬁlters,where d(n)is the primarynoise,e(n)is the residual noise measured by the error sensor,y (n)is the anti-noiseproduced by adaptiveﬁlter W(z),x(n)is the estimate of the primary noise obtained asx(n)≡ˆd(n)=e(n)+K−1k=0ˆs k y(n−k),(1)whereˆs k is an approximation to the impulse response of the secondary path transfer function S(z).The secondary path is composed by the transfer functions of the error microphone,the pre-ampliﬁer,the anti-aliasingﬁlter,the analog-to-digital converter (ADC),the digital-to-analog converter(DAC),the reconstructionﬁlter,the power am-pliﬁer,the loudspeaker,and the acoustic path from loudspeaker to error microphone. The feedback ANC system may be viewed as a feedforward ANC system able to create its own reference signal.Figure1:Headphone with ANC system Figure2:Feedback ANC systemIn order that y (n)exactly cancels d(n),the adaptiveﬁlter W(z)would need to model the inverse transfer function of S(z),that isW(z)=1S(z).(2)Real-time ANC requires that the processing time of the samples be less than than the sampling period,and that W(z)be causal.Unfortunately,in general S(z)is not minimum-phase,so its inverse is non-causal,and hence unrealizable.If the noise were periodical(such as a pure tone),this would not be a problem,but for broadband or white noise W(z)would be unable to produce an exact anti-noise to completely cancel the primary noise.In order to have a causal W(z)close to the ideal solution,the group delay of S(z)must be decreased as much as possible.2.SECONDARY PATHIn this section we present the characteristic delays introduced by electrical,electroa-coustic,and acoustic transfer functions for headphones with ANC.The ADC,DAC,and two low-passﬁlters(LPF)of the digital secondary path generate an eletrical delayτd given approximately byτd=1f s 1+3.2.n8,(3)where f s is the sampling frequency,and n is the number of poles of each LPF[2].The delay of the acoustic path is given byτa=rc,(4)where r is the distance between the loudspeaker and microphone,and c is the speed of sound.The condenser microphone we used has a negligible delay.The total secondary path delay can be express asτT=τd+τa+τl,(5) whereτl is the delay,due to loudspeaker.If instead of the digital system,an analog system were applied,the group delay of the secondary path would be decreased toτT=τa+τl,(6) due to not use of the LPF´s and converters.It should be emphasised thatτd could be reduced in two ways.Theﬁrst would be to reduce the number of poles,but there is a lower limit to theﬁlter order that still avoids aliasing.Another possibility would be to increase the sampling frequency,but at a high sampling rate the adaptive control algorithm would have some problems that we discuss in the next section.3.ADAPTIVE CONTROLIn order that the secondary noise source cancels the primary noise,we need both a reference signal correlated with the primary noise source and aﬁlter able to transform the reference signal into an anti-noise.Changes in the transfer functions due to changes in the environment,in the positioning of the error microphone,the ageing of the compo-nents,and diﬀerent users,degrade the performance ofﬁxed(non-adaptive)controllers. Adaptiveﬁlters can be realizated using FIR or IIR structures.Unlike IIR adaptive ﬁlters,FIR adaptiveﬁlters have the advantage of having an unimodal error surface. FIR adaptiveﬁlters are also simpler to implement,and their convergence is usually faster.However,for systems with long impulse responses,IIR structures may lead to better modeling.In general,an IIRﬁlter will require less coeﬃcients for a given level of performance than an FIRﬁlter.In the case of ANC systems with a single microphone,the secondary path has a relatively short impulse response,so the simpler FIR structure should be the best choice.The least-mean-square(LMS)algorithm for a FIR digital adaptiveﬁlter W(z)of order M is[3]given byw m(n+1)=w m(n)+µx (n)e(n),(7) where w m(n)is a coeﬃcient of the vector W(n),x m(n)is aﬁltered version of x m(n) express byx m(n)=K−1k=0ˆs k x m(n−k),(8)m=0,1,···,M−1,andµis the digital adaptive gain whose upper bound is given byµ<231Mσ2x,(9)whereσ2x is the variance of x (n).The performance of an ANC system for non-periodical noise depends on group delay introduced by the secondary path,which in principle favours the use of the analog system.The group delay of a digital system could be diminished if a high sampling frequency were used.The advantage of increasing the sampling frequency is the possibility of reducing the order of the LPF,and/or of keeping the group delay low in the frequency range of interest(up to approximately500Hz)by pushing up the LPF’s cut-oﬀfrequency. However,a higher sampling rate means less time to compute every new output,and also requires the use of more parameters for the digital adaptiveﬁlter.Adaptiveﬁlters using the LMS algorithm have a misadjustment[3]given byσ2misad=σ2o 1+µMσ2x 2 .(10)We can note in(10)that a high value of M results in higher misadjustment.Increasing M would also require a reduction in the speed convergence,since the condition for stable performance of theﬁlter must be as(9).In order to implement analog adaptiveﬁlters with a FIR structure without the need of analog delay lines(all-zero structure),cascades of all-pass or low-passﬁlters can be used.With all-passﬁlters(such as Laguerre or Kautzﬁlters),the estimation problem is orthogonal,and better-conditioned[4],however,for the sake of simplicity we used a cascade of low-pass(gamma)ﬁlters[5].The use of a cascade ofﬁlters instead of a delay line,may also lead to a smaller number of parameters to estimate,if the(ﬁxed)low-pass ﬁlter parameters are properly chosen.The block diagram of the digital and analog adaptiveﬁlters used to minimize the square error between y (n)and d(n)are shown inﬁgures3and4.Analog adaptiveﬁlters implemented via gammaﬁlters have a structure similar to that of a transversalﬁlter,with the delay line replaced by a cascade of low-passﬁlters withtransfer functionH(s)=a0s+w0.(11)Figure3:Digital adaptiveﬁlterFigure4:Analog adaptiveﬁlterTheﬁltered-X LMS algorithm for an analog adaptiveﬁlter W(s)of order M is[6,7] given byd w m(t)d t=ρx m(t)e(t)dt,(12) where w m(t)is the m-th coeﬃcient of the vector W(t)and x m(t)is aﬁltered version of x m(t),expressed by the convolution operation belowx m(t)=ˆs(t)∗x m(t)= t0ˆs(ϕ)x m(t−ϕ),(13)Unlike the case of digital adaptiveﬁlters,the analog adaptive gainρcan be arbitrarily large without aﬀecting the stability of the algorithm,but a faster convergence increases the misadjustment[8].4.RESULTSThe transfer function of the digital secondary path was estimated through the oﬀ-line method[9],with a pseudo-noise as input(a maximum-length sequence)[10].A sucessive-approximation analog/digital converter was used,due to its group delay that is,in general,signiﬁcantly lower than the group delay introduced by sigma-delta converters. In our experiments,we used f s=8000Hz,n=7,r=5mm,and c=343m/s,that result inτd=0.781ms,andτa=0.015ms.The loudspeaker has a signiﬁcative delay, especially at low frequencies;for100Hz the delay wasτl=2.055ms,and for500Hz,τl=0.957ms.The total digital secondary path delay wasτT=2.851ms for100Hz andτT=1.753ms for500Hz.In order to estimate the analog secondary path a sine sweep(50to4000kHz)was used.With the frequency response,the Matlab function invfreqs was used toﬁnd an approximate transfer function S(s).For100Hz the total delay wasτT=2.070ms,and for500HzτT=0.972ms.Figure5shows the magnitude and phase of the digital(solid line)and analog(dashed line)secondary paths.We analyzed the performance of the digital and analog systems through computer si-mulations.A signal composed by sinusoids with frequencies of200Hz,300Hz,and40005001000150020002500300035004000−70−60−50−40−30−20Frequency (Hz)M a g n i t u d e (d B )Secondary pathFrequency (Hz)P h a s e (d e g r e e s )Figure 5:Digital secondary path (solid line)and analog secondary path (dashed line)Hz,added to a white noise with zero mean and unity variance band-limited between 120Hz and 600Hz,was used as primary noise source.The digital adaptive ﬁlter W (z )used to model the inverse of S (z )was an FIR ﬁlter with 128-taps and µ=0.1.For the analog system,W (s )was implemented with a 10-taps gamma ﬁlter cascade and ρ=104(these values of parameters µand ρwere chosen by trial and error,and achieved the best results for each ﬁlter).Since the variance of the ﬁltered version of x (n )is low,the parameters µand ρresult in high values.The gamma ﬁlter was implemented with the transfer functionH (s )=2512s +2512.Figures 6and 7show the noise at the error microphone without (solid line)and with (dashed line)the ANC system.For the digital ANC system,the primary noise was reduced by aproximadely 10dB,while the feedback ANC system implemented with the analog adaptive ﬁlter achieved a reduction of about 20dB.5.CONCLUSIONWe proposed a method to improve the performance of ANC headphones,by using an analog adaptive ﬁlter.This approach allows the use of adaptive ﬁlters with a reduced total delay in the ANC system’s secondary path,compared with digital ﬁlters,thus keeping the advantages of both analog (low group delay)and digital (adaptiveness)ANC systems.We have tested the performance of our analog adaptive ﬁlter through simulations,using transfer functions measured in a comercial headphone.Our simula-tions show the potential performance improvement that can be achieved by using analog adaptive ﬁlters.In future works we intend to implement our system,and compare its results with digitalTime (s)N o i s e x E r r o r Figure 6:Feedback ANC system with digital adaptive ﬁlter without (solid line)and with (dashed line)using the ANC systemFigure 7:Feedback ANC system with analog adaptive ﬁlter without (solid line)and with (dashed line)using the ANC systemadaptive and ﬁxed analog headphone ANC systems.We also intend to investigate which are the best choices for the gamma ﬁlter parameters,and experiment with orthogonal ﬁlters,such as Laguerre and Kautz ﬁlters [4].ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis work was supported in part by the S˜a o Paulo State Research Council (FAPESP).REFERENCES[1]T.G.Tsuei,A.Srinivasa,S.M.Kuo,“An Adaptive Feedback Active Noise ControlSystem”,Proceedings of the IEEE,249-254,2000[2]P.A.Nelson,S.J.Elliott,Active Control of Sound,Academic Press,San Diego,1992[3]A.H.Sayed,Fundamentals of Adaptive Filtering,Wiley-Interscience,NY,2003[4]B.Ninness,F.Gustafsson,“A Unifying Construction of Orthonormal Bases for SystemIdentiﬁcation”,tac,515-521,1997[5]J.Juan,J.G.Harris,J.C.Principe,“Analog Hardware Implementation of AdaptiveFilter Structures”,International Conference on Neural Networks,916-921,1997[6]P.Ioannou,J.Sun,Robust Adaptive Control,PTR Prentice-Hall,NJ,1996[7]V.H.Nascimento,Y.S.Provase,“Redu¸c˜a o de Distor¸c˜a o Harmˆo nica em Ampliﬁcadorespor meio de Filtros Adaptativos Anal´o gicos”,XX Simp´o sio Brasileiro de Telecomu-nica¸c˜o es,2003(in Portuguese)[8]S.Karni,G.Zeng,“The Analysis of the Continuous-Time LMS Algorithm”IEEE Tran-sactions on acoustic,speech,and signal processing,595-597,1989[9]S.M.Kuo,D.R.Morgan,Active Noise Control Systems:Algorithms and DSP Imple-mentations,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,NY,1996[10]P.M.S.Burt,“Measuring Acoustic Responses with Maximum-Length Sequences”,Pro-ceedings.Piscataway:IEEE,1998[11]S.M.Kuo,D.R.Morgan,“Active Noise Control:A tutorial review”,Proceedings of theIEEE,943-973,1999[12]C.H.Hansen,S.D.Snyder,Active control of noise and vibration,E&FN Spon,London,1997[13]W.S.Gan,S.M.Kuo,“Integrated Active Noise Control Communication Headsets”,Proc.IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,353-356,2003[14]W.S.Gan,S.M.Kuo,“An Integrated Audio and Active Noise Control Headsets”,IEEETransactions on Consumer Eletronics,242-247,2002[15]S.M.Kuo,X.Kong,W.S.Gan,“Applications of Adaptive Feedback Active Noise ControlSystem”,IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology,216-220,2003[16]L.E.Kinsler,A.R.Freg.,Fundamentals of Acoustics,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,NY,2000[17]S.J.Elliott,T.J.Sutton,“Performance of Feedforward and Feedback Systems for ActiveControl”,IEEE Transactions on Speech,Audio Processing,214-223,1996[18]J.J.Shynk,“Adaptive IIR Filtering”,IEEE ASSP Magazine,4-21,1989[19]M.Pawelczyk,“Analogue active noise control”,Applied Acoustics,1193-1213,2002。

西尔斯奥普提马斯声级计蓝牙和dbactive快速入门指南说明书

2Optimus sound level meter - Bluetooth and dBActive quick start guideAbout this quick start guide• The instructions in this user manual refer to the operation of Cirrus Research plc Optimus+ sound level meters with version 5.0 or higher of the firmware• Where the terms ‘Optimus+’ or ‘Optimus’ are used, it refers to all variants within the Optimus+ range of instruments, including the Optimus+ Yellow (CR:150 series), Optimus+ Red (CR:160 series), Optimus+ Green (CR:170 series) and Optimus+ Purple (CR:190 series)• The dBActive mobile application must be downloaded from either Google Play (Android devices) or the App Store (iOS devices) in order for the functions outlined in this quick start guide to be utilised• Full technical details for the Optimus+ range of instruments can be found on the Cirrus Research website at /library/datasheets/• For full operational instructions, please consult the instrument handbook that was supplied with your Optimus+Please note: the screenshots that have been used for the purposes of demonstrating the operation of Bluetooth and the dBActive smartphone application on the Optimus+ have been taken from a mobile device that runs the iOS mobile operating system. Screens and menus may appear differently for devices running the Android operating system.Optimus sound level meter - Bluetooth and dBActive quick start guide3 CopyrightCopyright © Cirrus Research plc 2010-2019All rights reserved.You may re-use this document/publication (not including the Cirrus Research plc logo and other product logos) free of charge in any format for research, private study or internal circulation within an organisation. You must re-use it accurately and not use it in a misleading context.You must not modify text, images or illustrations in any way. The material must be acknowledged as Cirrus Research plc copyright and you must give the title of the source document/publication.Where any third-party copyright material is identified you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.TrademarksCirrus Research plc, the Cirrus Research plc Logo, doseBadge, DOSEBADGE, Optimus, the NoiseT ools Logo and the Noise-Hub Logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Cirrus Research plc in the United Kingdom and/or other countries. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft, Inc. The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Cirrus Research is under license. Other trademarks and trade names are those of their respective owners.UpdatesIn the interests of continuous product improvement, Cirrus Research plc reserves the right to make changes to product specifications without notice.T o learn about the latest updates that have been implemented into this product and to download the most current version of this user manual, visit our website atVersion 1 Q1 2019Optimus sound level meter - Bluetooth and dBActive quick start guide 4Contents 1. Downloading dBActive and connecting to your Optimus+.............................2. Using your Optimus+ with your mobile device through dBActive................. 2.1 Viewing live data................................................................................................... 2.2 Starting and stopping a measurement............................................................ 2.3 Reviewing measurement data......................................................................... 2.4 Changing your instrument’s settings.............................................................. 2.5 Viewing information about your instrument................................................5779101113Optimus sound level meter - Bluetooth and dBActive quick start guide5 1 Downloading dBActive and connecting to yourOptimus+Search for dBActive on either the App Store(iOS devices) or Google Play (Android devices).Download the app to your device.Enable Blutooth on your Optimus+ instrument.This can be found by navigating to the‘Advanced Options’ menu.Open dBActive on your device. Press ‘Scan fordevices’.Once your instrument has been discovered,press on its name to connect to it.Optimus sound level meter - Bluetooth and dBActive quick start guide6Enter the code from your Optimus+ into yourmobile device and press ‘Pair’.Before your Optimus+ can connect to your mobile device, you will be asked to input a code that will be displayed on the Bluetooth menu screen.Your Optimus+ will now be paired with your mobile device. You will see the default home screen on the dBActive app, which displays live noise measurement information. From this screen, you will be able to navigate around the app, which will be described in the coming pages.Optimus sound level meter - Bluetooth and dBActive quick start guide 72 Using your Optimus+ with your mobile device throughdBActive This screen is the default home screen for dBActive and displays live noise data for a number of parameters, each of which can be changed. Press the arrow on the value you wish to change. A menu will appear allowing you to select the value you wish to see (see image below).2.1 Viewing live dataOne of the key features of dBActive is the ability to view live noise data remotely. Thisinformation can be viewed in a number of different ways, which are outlined below:2.1.1 Using the overview screenPlease note: some noise parameters are unavailble on certain variants of the Optimus+.8Optimus sound level meter - Bluetooth and dBActive quick start guide2.1.2 Using the live data screenThis screen displays live noise data for any twochosen parameters (which can be changed bypressing the arrows on the chosen parameter).The graphs refresh every second and provide avisual representation of the noise levels whereyour Optimus+ is measuring.2.1.3 Using the octaves screenThis screen displays live data for 1:1 octavebands.Optimus sound level meter - Bluetooth and dBActive quick start guide9From the overview screen, choose either ‘Start measuring’ or ‘Start measuring/audio’ to begin a measurement. If you choose ‘Start measuring/audio’, the measurement will include an audio recording of the noise. If you choose ‘Start measuring’, audio will not be recorded.Please note: audio recording can be switched on/off manually during a measurement using the option above the start button. Audio recording is only available on certain variants of the Optimus+.2.2 Starting and stopping a measurement As well as being able to view live noise data, dBActive allows you to start and stop noise measurements remotely, meaning that your Optimus+ can be used in potentially hazardous and/or difficult-to-access areas.2.2.1Starting and stopping a measurementWhen a measurement is in process, the red start button changes to a green stop button. Press this to endyour measurement.If you need to highlight a specific event during a measurement for when you come to review your data in the NoiseT ools analysis software (supplied with your Optimus+), press ‘Mark measurement’ when a measurement is in process.2.2.2Marking a measurementA confirmation box will appear at the bottom of the screen to let you know that the measurement has been marked.Optimus sound level meter - Bluetooth and dBActive quick start guide10This screen displays the data for all main noise parameters. You can cycle through measurements by using the arrows at the bottom of the screen.2.3 Reviewing measurement dataThe ‘Measurements’ screen allows you to review previous measurement data for the connected instrument. This includes both measurements that have been made on dBActive and those that have been made natively on your Optimus+.2.3.1Reviewing measurementsIf you’re experiencing issues downloading your measurement data or the app is displaying measurements from a previously connected instrument, press ‘Retry’ to refresh the informationdisplayed.If you want to share measurement data, press the ‘Share’ button.2.2.2Sharing measurement dataA popup box will appear listing the options available. The measurement data will be shared as a text-only list, which you will then be able to edit as you wish.Please note: sharing options will vary depending on the operating system of your device and the third-party applications you have installed.Please note: you must ensure that any measurement data you wish to keep is either stored on your Optimus+ or downloaded to a PC using NoiseT ools. Measurement data is not permenantly stored in dBActive and will be overwritten once a different instrument is connected to the app.Optimus sound level meter - Bluetooth and dBActive quick start guide112.4 Changing your instrument’s settings 2.4.1 Changing the date and timePress on the existing option to open a menu, from which you can select a new value.2.4.2 Changing time history rateWhen using your Optimus+ remotely, you can change some of its settings via dBActive on the ‘Settings’ screen.From this menu you can change the date/time of your instrument, time history rate, audio quality, and timer settings. You can also turn audiotriggers on/off.Press ‘Sync with device’ to syncronise your instrument’s date/time setting with that of yourmobile device.Once complete, a notification will display at thebottom of the screen.Optimus sound level meter - Bluetooth and dBActive quick start guide 12Press on the existing option to open a menu, from which you can select a new value.Standard quality (16-bit, 16 kHz)High quality (24-bit, 48 kHz)Studio quality (32-bit, 96 kHz)2.4.3Changing audio qualityPress on the existing option to open a menu, from which you can select a new value.Repeat timer - allows measurements to be stopped and started automatically over a long period of time. The repeat tim er is synchronised2.4.4Changing timer settingsPress on the switch to either turn audio triggers on or off.Anaudiotrigger will start your instrument recording the audio and noise levels when a certain threshold has been met. This setting can be customised on your Optimus+.A confirmation message will display after the setting has been selected.2.4.5 Turning audio triggers on/offto the real-time clock, so if you choose a 30 minute duration, the measurement will begin on the hour and at 30 minutes past. When the measurement ends, a new one will begin and last for the next 30 minute interval.Single timer - The single tim er allows m easurem ents to autom atically stop after a pre-defined period of tim e. If you set the single tim er duration to 15 m inutes and enable the single timer option, then all measurements will automatically stop after 15 minutes.Optimus sound level meter - Bluetooth and dBActive quick start guide132.5 Viewing information about your instrument The last screen in dBActive displays information about your Optimus+ instrument.a. current battery levelb. % free space for measurement datac. % free space for audio recordingsd. number of measurements saved on your instrumente. your instrument’s typef. unique serial number for your instrumentg. firmware version installed on your instrumenth.microphone information (model and serial number) i.preamplifier information (model and serial number)j. offset value based on the last calibration of your instrument and the date/time it was last calibrated k.full list of capabilities/features of your instrumenta b c d e f g h ij k• Bluetooth® enabled• Can be operated through asmartphone app• Includes 1:1 octave band filters• Custom timers can be used forscheduled measurements• New discreet designSimplicity redefined• Noise-activated warning sign• Alerts employees as to when PPEis required• Various messages available• Different languages available• Custom noise level trigger can be setCreating safer environmentsCirrus hold UKASContact our sales team for more information************************。

Microelectronics

RDA5802ES INGLE -C HIP B ROADCAST FM R ADIO T UNER Rev.1.7–Jun.20091 General DescriptionThe RDA5802Esingle-chip broadcast decoder. The tuner support The RDA5802E can frequency band.1.1Featuresl l Ø power supplyl Ø 65 -108 MHz l Digital low-IF tunerØ Image-reject down-converter Ø High performance A/D converter Ø IF selectivity performed internally l Fully integrated digital frequency synthesizerØ Fully integrated on-chip RF and IF VCO Ø Fully integrated on-chip loop filter l Autonomous search tuning l Support 32.768KHz crystal oscillator l Digital auto gain control (AGC) l Digital adaptive noise cancellationØ Mono/stereo switch Ø Soft mutel Line-level analog output voltagel 32.768 KHz 12M,24M,13M,26M,19.2M,38.4MHzReference clockl 2-wire and 3-wire serial control bus interface l Directly support 32Ω resistance loading l Integrated LDO regulatorØ 1.8 to 5.5 V operation voltage l 4X4mm 24 pin QFN package 1.2Applicationsl Cellular handsets l MP3, MP4 playersl Portable radios ，PDAs, NotebookFigure 1-1. RDA5802E Top View2 Table of Contents1General Description (1)1.1 Features (1)1.2Applications (1)2Table of Contents (2)3Functional Description (3)3.1 FM Receiver (3)3.2 Synthesizer (3)3.3 Power Supply (3)3.4 RESET and Control Interface select (4)3.5 Control Interface (4)3.6 I2S Audio Data Interface (4)3.7 GPIO Outputs (4)4Electrical Characteristics (5)5Receiver Characteristics (6)6Serial Interface (7)6.1 Three-wire Interface Timing (7)6.2 I2C Interface Timing (8)7Register Definition (9)8 Pins Description (13)9Application Diagram (15)9.1 Audio Loading Resistance Larger than 32Ω & TCXO Application: (15)9.1.1 Bill of Materials: (15)9.2 Audio Loading Resistance Lower than 32Ω & DCXO Application: (16)9.2.1 Bill of Materials: (16)10Package Physical Dimension (17)11PCB Land Pattern (18)12Change List (21)13Notes： (21)14RDA5802E与RDA5802对比 (22)15Contact Information (23)3Functional Descriptionconverters (ADCs), an audio DSP and a high- fidelity digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The LNA has differential input ports (LNAP and LNAN) and supports any input port by set according registers bits (LNA_PORT_SEL[1:0]). It default input common mode voltage is GND. The limiter prevents overloading and limits the amount of intermodulation products created by strong adjacent channels.The quadrature mixer down converts the LNA output differential RF signal to low-IF, it also has image-reject function.The PGA amplifies the mixer output IF signal and then digitized with ADCs.3.2SynthesizerThe frequency synthesizer generates the local oscillator signal which divide to quadrature, then be used to downconvert the RF input to a constant low intermediate frequency (IF). The synthesizer reference clock is 32.768 KHz. The synthesizer frequency is defined by bits CHAN[9:0] with the range from 65MHz to 108MHz. 3.3Power SupplyThe RDA5802E integrated one LDO which supplies power to the chip. The external supplyvoltage range is 1.8-5.5 V. 3.4RESET and Control Interface selectThe RDA5802E is RESET itself When VIO is Power up. And also support soft reset by trigger 02H BIT1 from 0 to 1. The control interface is select by MODE Pin. The MODE Pin is low ,I2C Interface is select. The MODE Pin is set to VIO, SPI Interface is select. 3.5Control InterfaceThe RDA5802E supports three- wire and I 2C control interface. User could select either of them to program the chip.The three-wireinterface. It includes 4-bit high register at posedge of SCLK. (MSB is the first bit) around cycle between and data from The I 2C interface SDIO. A I 2a 7-bit chip address The ACK (or NACK) is always sent out by receiver. When in write transfer, data bytes is written out from MCU, and when in read transfer, data bytes is read out from RDA5802E. There is no visible register address in I 2C interface transfers. The I 2C interface has a fixed start register address (0x02h for write transfer and 0x0Ah for read transfer), and an internal incremental address counter. If register address meets the end of register file, 0x3Ah, register address will wrap back to 0x00h. For writetransfer, MCU programs registers from register 0x02h high byte, then register 0x02h low byte, then register 0x03h high byte, till the last register. RDA5802E always gives out ACK after every byte, and MCU gives out STOP condition when register programming is finished. For read transfer, after command byte from MCU, RDA5802E sends out register 0x0Ah high byte, then register 0x0Ah low byte, then register 0x0Bh high byte, till receives NACK from MCU. MCU gives out ACK for data bytes besides last data byte. MCU gives out NACK for last data byte, and then RDA5802E will return the bus to MCU, and MCU will give out STOP condition.Details refer to RDA5802E Programming Guide . 2is fully compliant as I 2S master and rate is 48Kbps ，also support as . with bits GPIO1[1:0], pins could be and stereo indicator with bits GPIO1[1:0], GPIO2[1:0], GPIO3[1:0]. GPIO2 could be programmed to output a low interrupt (interrupt will be generated only with interrupt enable bit STCIEN is set to high) when seek/tune process completes. GPIO3 could be programmed to output stereo indicator bit ST. Constant low, high or high-Z functionality is available regardless of the state of VA and VD supplies or the ENABLE bit.Figure 3-2. I2S Digital Audio Format4 Electrical CharacteristicsTable 4-1DC Electrical Specification (Recommended Operation Conditions):1. For Pin: SCLK, SDIO, SEN, MODETable 4-3 Power Consumption Specification(VDD = 1.8 to 5.5 V, T A = -25 to 85 ℃, unless otherwise specified)SYMBOLDESCRIPTIONCONDITIONTYP UNIT I A Analog Supply Current ENABLE=1 18 mA I D Digital Supply Current ENABLE=13mA I VIO Interface Supply Current SCLK and RCLK inactive 90 µA I APD Analog Powerdown Current ENABLE=0 2 µA I DPD Digital Powerdown Current ENABLE=0 2 µA I VIOInterface Powerdown CurrentENABLE=010µASCK5 Receiver CharacteristicsTable 5-1 Receiver Characteristics(VDD = 2.7 to 5.5 V, T A = -25 to 85 °C, unless otherwise specified)Notes:1. F in=65 to 108MHz; F mod=1KHz; de-emphasis=75µs; MONO=1; L=R unless noted otherwise;2. ∆f=22.5KHz;3. B AF = 300Hz to 15KHz, RBW <=10Hz;4. |f2-f1|>1MHz, f0=2xf1-f2, AGC disable, F in=76 to 108MHz;5. P RF=60dB U V;6. ∆f=75KHz.7. Measured at V EMF = 1 m V, f RF = 65 to 108MHz8. At LOUT and ROUT pins6 Serial Interface6.1 Three-wire Interface TimingTable 6-1 Three-wire Interface Timing Characteristics(VDD = 2.7 to 5.5 V, T A = -25 to 85 °C, unless otherwise specified)Figure 6-2. Three-wire Interface Read Timing Diagram6.2 I2C Interface TimingTable 6-2 I2C Interface Timing Characteristics(VDD = 2.7 to 5.5 V, T A = -25 to 85 °C, unless otherwise specified)Figure 6-3. I2C Interface Write Timing DiagramFigure 6-4. I2C Interface Read Timing Diagram7 Register Definition8 Pins DescriptionN DCCP I O 1P I O 2P I O 3Table 8-2 Internal Pin Configuration9 Application Diagram9.1 Audio Loading Resistance Larger than 32Ω & TCXO Application:Ω Resistance1—I2C,VIO—SPI);7COMPONENT VALUE DESCRIPTION SUPPLIERU1 RDA5802E Broadcast FM Radio Tuner RDAJ1 Common 32Ω Resistance HeadphoneC2 100pF Couple CAP MurataL3/C3 100nH/24pF LC Chock for LNA Input MurataC4,C5 125µF Audio AC Couple Capacitors MurataC6 24nF Power Supply Bypass Capacitor MurataF1/F2 1.5K@100MHz FM Band Ferrite Murata9.2 Audio Loading Resistance Lower than 32Ω & DCXO Application:1310 Package Physical DimensionFigure 10-1illustrates the package details for the RDA5802E. The package is lead-free and RoHS-compliant.Figure 10-2. 24-Pin 4x4 Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN)11 PCB Land PatternTable-I Classification Reflow ProfilesPackage Thickness Volume mm3<350Volume mm3≥350＜2.5mm 240 + 0/-5 o C 225 + 0/-5 o C≥2.5mm225 + 0/-5 o C225 + 0/-5 o CTable – II SnPb Eutectic Process – Package Peak Reflow Temperaturesthickness and volume. The use of convection reflow processes reduces the thermal gradients between packages. However, thermal gradients due to differences in thermal mass of SMD package may sill exist.Note 5: Components intended for use in a “lead-free” assembly process shall be evaluated using the “lead free”classification temperatures and profiles defined in Table-I II III whether or not lead free.RoHS CompliantThe product does not contain lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), and are therefore considered RoHS compliant.ESD SensitivityIntegrated circuits are ESD sensitive and can be damaged by static electricity. Proper ESD techniques should be used when handling these devices.12 Change ListREV DATE AUTHER CHANGE DESCRIPTION V1.0 2009-03-03 ChunZhao Original Draft.13 Notes：1: 通过硬件电路设置芯片工作总线控制模式，详细电路如下图：14 RDA5802E与RDA5802对比1、5802E的0x0Ch＝5803、0x0Dh＝5804，可以通过读这两个寄存器的缺省值来区别5800、5802和5802E;2、FM天线尽量用第4脚（LNAP），不要用第2脚（LNAN）。

专业音频术语中英文

AAAC automatic ampltiude control 自动幅度控制AB AB制立体声录音法Abeyancd 暂停，潜态A-B repeat A-B重复ABS absolute 绝对的，完全的，绝对时间ABS american bureau of standard 美国标准局ABSS auto blank secrion scanning 自动磁带空白部分扫描Abstime 绝对运行时间A.DEF audio defeat 音频降噪，噪声抑制，伴音静噪ADJ adjective 附属的，附件ADJ Adjust 调节ADJ acoustic delay line 声延迟线Admission 允许进入，供给ADP acoustic data processor 音响数据处理机ADP(T) adapter 延配器，转接器ADRES automatic dynamic range expansion system 动态范围扩展系统ADRM analog to digital remaster模拟录音、数字处理数码唱盘ADS audio distribution system 音频分配系统A.DUB audio dubbing 配音，音频复制，后期录音ADV advance 送入，提升，前置量ADV adversum 对抗ADV advancer 相位超前补偿器Adventure 惊险效果AE audio erasing 音频（声音）擦除AE auxiliary equipment 辅助设备Aerial 天线AES audio engineering society 美国声频工程协会AF audio fidelity 音频保真度AF audio frequency 音频频率AFC active field control 自动频率控制AFC automatic frequency control 声场控制Affricate 塞擦音AFL aside fade listen 衰减后（推子后）监听A-fader 音频衰减AFM advance frequency modulation 高级调频AFS acoustic feedback speaker 声反馈扬声器AFT automatic fine tuning 自动微调AFTAAS advanced fast time acoustic analysis system 高级快速音响分析系统After 转移部分文件Afterglow 余辉，夕照时分音响效果Against 以……为背景AGC automatic gain control 自动增益控制AHD audio high density 音频高密度唱片系统AI advanced integrated 预汇流AI amplifier input 放大器输入AI artificial intelligence 人工智能AI azimuth indicator 方位指示器A-IN 音频输入A-INSEL audio input selection 音频输入选择Alarm 警报器ALC automatic level control 自动电平控制ALC automatic load control自动负载控制Alford loop 爱福特环形天线Algorithm 演示Aliasing 量化噪声，频谱混叠Aliasing distortion 折叠失真Align alignment 校正，补偿，微调，匹配Al-Si-Fe alloy head 铁硅铝合金磁头Allegretto 小快板，稍快地Allegro 快板，迅速地Allocation 配置，定位All rating 全（音）域ALM audio level meter 音频电平表ALT alternating 震荡，交替的ALT alternator 交流发电机ALT altertue 转路ALT-CH alternate channel 转换通道，交替声道Alter 转换，交流电，变换器AM amperemeter 安培计，电流表AM amplitude modulation 调幅（广播）AM auxiliary memory 辅助存储器Ambience 临场感，环绕感ABTD automatic bulk tape degausser磁带自动整体去磁电路Ambient 环境的Ambiophonic system 环绕声系统Ambiophony 现场混响，环境立体声AMLS automatic music locate system自动音乐定位系统AMP ampere 安培AMP amplifier 放大器AMPL amplification 放大AMP amplitude 幅度，距离Amorphous head 非晶态磁头Abort 终止，停止（录制或播放）A-B TEST AB比较试听Absorber 减震器Absorption 声音被物体吸收ABX acoustic bass extension 低音扩展AC accumulator 充电电池AC adjustment caliration 调节-校准AC alternating current 交流电，交流AC audio coding 数码声，音频编码AC audio center 音频中心AC azimuth comprator 方位比较器AC-3 杜比数码环绕声系统AC-3 RF 杜比数码环绕声数据流（接口）ACC Acceleration 加速Accel 渐快，加速Accent 重音，声调Accentuator 预加重电路Access 存取，进入，增加，通路Accessory 附件（接口），配件Acryl 丙基酰基Accompaniment 伴奏，合奏，伴随Accord 和谐，调和Accordion 手风琴ACD automatic call distributor 自动呼叫分配器ACE audio control erasing 音频控制消磁A-Channel A（左）声道Acoumeter 测听计Acoustical 声的，声音的Acoustic coloring 声染色Acoustic image 声像Across 交叉，并行，跨接Across frequency 交叉频率，分频频率ACST access time 存取时间Active 主动的，有源的，有效的，运行的Active crossover 主动分频，电子分频，有源分频Active loudsperker 有源音箱Armstrong MOD 阿姆斯特朗调制ARP azimuth reference pulse 方位基准脉冲Arpeggio 琶音Articulation 声音清晰度，发音Artificial 仿……的，人工的，手动（控制）AAD active acoustic devide 有源声学软件ABC auto base and chord 自动低音合弦Architectural acoustics 建筑声学Arm motor 唱臂唱机Arpeggio single 琶音和弦，分解和弦ARL aerial 天线ASC automatic sensitivity control 自动灵敏度控制ASGN Assign 分配，指定，设定ASP audio signal processing 音频信号处理ASS assembly 组件，装配，总成ASSEM assemble 汇编，剪辑ASSEM Assembly 组件，装配，总成Assign 指定，转发，分配Assist 辅助（装置）ASSY accessory 组件，附件AST active servo techonology 有源伺服技术A Tempo 回到原速Astigmatism methord 象散法BB band 频带B Bit 比特，存储单元B Button 按钮Babble 多路感应的复杂失真Back 返回Back clamping 反向钳位Back drop 交流哼声，干扰声Background noise 背景噪声，本底噪声Backing copy 副版Backoff 倒扣，补偿Back tracking 补录Back up 磁带备份，支持，预备Backward 快倒搜索Baffle box 音箱BAL balance 平衡，立体声左右声道音量比例，平衡连接Balanced 已平衡的Balancing 调零装置，补偿，中和Balun 平衡=不平衡转换器Banana jack 香蕉插头Banana bin 香蕉插座Banana pin 香蕉插头Banana plug 香蕉插头Band 频段，Band pass 带通滤波器Bandwidth 频带宽，误差，范围Band 存储单元Bar 小节，拉杆BAR barye 微巴Bargraph 线条Barrier 绝缘（套）Base 低音Bass 低音，倍司（低音提琴）Bass tube 低音号，大号Bassy 低音加重BATT battery 电池Baud 波特（信息传输速率的单位）Bazooka 导线平衡转接器BB base band 基带BBD Bucket brigade device 戽链器件（效果器）B BAT Battery 电池BBE 特指BBE公司设计的改善较高次谐波校正程度的系统BC balanced current 平衡电流BC Broadcast control 广播控制BCH band chorus 分频段合唱BCST broadcast （无线电）广播BD board 仪表板Beat 拍，脉动信号Beat cancel switch 差拍干扰消除开关Bel 贝尔Below 下列，向下Bench 工作台Bend 弯曲，滑音Bender 滑音器BER bit error rate 信息差错率BF back feed 反馈BF Backfeed flanger 反馈镶边BF Band filter 带通滤波器BGM background music 背景音乐Bias 偏置，偏磁，偏压，既定程序Bidirectional 双向性的，8字型指向的Bifess Bi-feedback sound system 双反馈系统Big bottom 低音扩展，加重低音Bin 接收器，仓室BNG BNC连接器（插头、插座），卡口同轴电缆连接器Binaural effect 双耳效应，立体声Binaural synthesis 双耳合成法Bin go 意外现象Bit binary digit 字节，二进制数字，位Bitstream 数码流，比特流Bit yield 存储单元Bi-AMP 双（通道）功放系统Bi-wire 双线（传输、分音）Bi-Wring 双线BK break 停顿，间断BKR breaker 断电器Blamp 两路电子分音Blanking 关闭，消隐，断路Blaster 爆裂效果器Blend 融合（度）、调和、混合Block 分程序，联动，中断Block Repeat 分段重复Block up 阻塞Bloop （磁带的）接头噪声，消音贴片BNC bayonet connector 卡口电缆连接器Body mike 小型话筒Bond 接头，连接器Bongo 双鼓Boom 混响，轰鸣声Boomy 嗡嗡声（指低音过强）Boost 提升（一般指低音），放大，增强Booth 控制室，录音棚Bootstrap 辅助程序，自举电路Both sides play disc stereo system双面演奏式唱片立体声系统Bottoming 底部切除，末端切除Bounce 合并Bourclon 单调低音Bowl 碗状体育场效果BP bridge bypass 电桥旁路BY bypass 旁通BPC basic pulse generator 基准脉冲发生器BPF band pass filter 带通滤波器BPS band pitch shift 分频段变调节器BNC bayonet connector 卡口电缆连接器Body mike 小型话筒Bond 接头，连接器Bongo 双鼓Boom 混响，轰鸣声Boomy 嗡嗡声（指低音过强）Boost 提升（一般指低音），放大，增强Booth 控制室，录音棚Bootstrap 辅助程序，自举电路Bottoming 底部切除，末端切除Bounce 合并Bourclon 单调低音Bowl 碗状体育场效果BP bridge bypass 电桥旁路BY bypass 旁通BPC basic pulse generator 基准脉冲发生器BPF band pass filter 带通滤波器BPS band pitch shift 分频段变调节器BR bregister 变址寄存器BR Bridge 电桥Break 中止（程序），减弱Breathing 喘息效应B.Reso base resolve 基本解析度Bridge 桥接，电桥，桥，（乐曲的）变奏过渡Bright 明亮（感）Brightness 明亮度，指中高音听音感觉Brilliance 响亮BRKRS breakers 断路器Broadcast 广播BTB bass tuba 低音大喇叭BTL balanced transformer-less 桥式推挽放大电路BTM bottom 最小，低音BU backup nuit 备用器件Bumper 减震器Bus 母线，总线Busbar 母线Buss 母线Busy 占线BUT button 按钮，旋钮BW band width 频带宽度，带度BYP bypass 旁路By path 旁路BZ buzzer 蜂音器CC cathode 阴极，负极C Cell 电池C Center 中心C Clear 清除C Cold 冷（端）CA cable 电缆Cable 电缆Cabinet 小操纵台CAC coherent acoustic coding 相干声学编码Cache 缓冲存储器Cal calando 减小音量CAL Calendar 分类CAL Caliber 口径CAL Calibrate 标准化CAL Continuity accept limit 连续性接受极限Calibrate 校准，定标Call 取回，复出，呼出Can 监听耳机，带盒CANCL cancel 删除CANCL Cancelling 消除Cancel 取消Cannon 卡侬接口Canon 规则Cap 电容Capacitance Mic 电容话筒Capacity 功率，电容量CAR carrier 载波，支座，鸡心夹头Card 程序单，插件板Cardioid 心型的CATV cable television 有线电视Crispness 脆声Category 种类，类型Cartridge 软件卡，拾音头Carrkioid 心型话筒Carrier 载波器Cart 转运Cartridge 盒式存储器，盒式磁带Cascade 串联Cassette 卡式的，盒式的CAV constant angular velocity 恒角速度Caution 报警CBR circuit board rack 电路板架CC contour correction 轮廓校正CCD charge coupled device 电荷耦合器件CD compact disc 激光唱片CDA current dumping amplifier 电流放大器CD-E compact disc erasable 可抹式激光唱片CDG compact-disc plus graphic 带有静止图像的CD唱盘CD constant directional horn 恒定指向号角CDV compact disc with video 密纹声像唱片CE ceramic 陶瓷Clock enable 时钟启动Cell 电池，元件，单元Cellar club 地下俱乐部效果Cello 大提琴CEMA consumer electronics manufacturer'sassociation（美国）消费电子产品制造商协会CENELEC connector 欧洲标准21脚AV连接器Cent 音分Central earth 中心接地CES consumer electronic show（美国）消费电子产品展览会CF center frequency 中心频率Cross fade 软切换CH channel 声道，通道Chain 传输链，信道Chain play 连续演奏Chamber 密音音响效果，消声室CHAN channel 通道Change 交换Chapter 曲目Chaper skip 跳节CHAE character 字符，符号Characteristic curve 特性曲线Charge 充电Charger 充电器Chase 跟踪Check 校验CHC charge 充电CH - off 通道切断Choke 合唱Choose 选择Chromatic 色彩，半音Church 教堂音响效果CI cut in 切入CIC cross interleave code 交叉隔行编码CIRC circulate 循环Circuit 电路CL cancel 取消Classic 古典的Clean 净化CLR clear 归零Click 嘀哒声Clip 削波，限幅，接线柱CLK clock 时钟信号Close 关闭，停止CLS 控制室监听Cluster 音箱阵效果CLV ceiling limit value 上限值CMP compact 压缩CMPT compatibility 兼容性CMRR common mode rejection ratio 共模抑制比CNT count 记数，记数器CNTRL central 中心，中央CO carry out 定位输出Coarse 粗调Coax 同轴电缆Coaxial 数码同轴接口Code 码，编码Coefficient 系数Coincident 多信号同步Cold 冷的，单薄的Color 染色效果COM comb 梳状（滤波）COMB combination 组合音色COMBI combination 组合，混合COMBO combination 配合，组合Combining 集合，结合COMM communication 换向的，切换装置Command 指令，操作，信号COMMON 公共的，公共地端Communieation speed 通讯速度选择COMP comparator 比较器COMP compensate 补偿Compact 压缩Compander 压缩扩展器Compare 比拟Compatibility 兼容Compensate 补偿Complex 全套设备Copmoser 创意者，作曲者Compressor 压缩器COMP-EXP 压扩器Compromise （频率）平衡Computer 计算机，电脑CON concentric cable 同轴电缆CON console 操纵台CON controller 控制器Concentric 同轴的，同心的Concert 音乐厅效果Condenser Microphone 电容话筒Cone type 锥形（扬声器）CONFIG 布局，线路接法Connect 连接，联络CORR correct 校正，补偿，抵消Configuration 线路布局Confirmation 确认Consent 万能插座Console 调音台Consonant 辅音Constant 常数CONT continuous 连续的（音色特性）CONT control 控制，操纵Contact 接触器Content 内容Continue 连续，继续Continue button 两录音卡座连续放音键Contour 外形，轮廓，保持Contra 次八度Contrast 对比度Contribution 分配Controlled 可控的Controller 控制器CONV conventional 常规的CONV convert 变换CONV convertible 可转换的Copy 复制Correlation meter 相关表Coupler 耦合Cover 补偿Coverage 有效范围CP clock pulse 时钟脉冲CP control program 控制程序CPU 中央处理器CR card reader 卡片阅读机CRC cyclic redundancy check 循环冗余校验Create 建立，创造Crescendo 渐强或渐弱Crispness 清脆感CRM control room 控制室CROM control read only memory 控制只读存储器Crossfader 交叉渐变器Cross-MOD 交叉调制Crossover 分频器，换向，切断Cross talk 声道串扰，串音Crunch 摩擦音C/S cycle/second 周/秒CSS content scrambling system 内容加密系统CST case style tape 盒式磁带CT current 电流CTM close talking microphone 近讲话筒CU counting unit 计数单元Cue 提示，选听Cue clock 故障计时钟Cueing 提示，指出Cursor 指示器，光标Curve （特性）曲线Custom 常规CUT 切去，硬切换DD double 双重的，对偶的D drum 鼓，磁鼓DA delayed action 延迟作用D/Adigital/analog 数字/模拟DAB digital audio broadcasting 数字音频广播Damp 阻尼DASH digital audio stationar head 数字固定磁头Dashpot 缓冲器，减震器DAT digital audio tape 数字音频磁带，数字录音机DATA 数据DATAtron 数据处理机DATE 日期DB(dB) decibel 分贝DB distribution 分线盒DBA decibel asolute 绝对分贝DBA decibel adjusted 调整分贝DBB dynamic bass boost 动态低音提升DBK decibels referred to one kilowatt 千瓦分贝DBm decibel above one milliwatt in 600 ohms 毫瓦分贝DBS direct broadcast satellite 直播卫星DBX 压缩扩展式降噪系统DC distance controlled 遥控器DCA digital command assembly 数字指令装置DCE data circuit terminating equipment数据通讯线路终端设备DCF digital comb filter 数字梳状滤波器DCH decade chorus 十声部合唱DCP date central processor 数据中心处理器DD direct drive 直接驱动DD dolby digital 数字杜比DDC direct digital control 直接数字控制DDS digital dynamic sound 数字动态声DDT data definition table 数据定义表Dead 具有强吸声特性的房间的静寂DEC decay 衰减，渐弱，余音效果Decibel 分贝Deck 卡座，录音座，带支加的，走带机构Deemphasis 释放Deep reverb 纵深混响De-esser 去咝声器DEF defeat 消隐，静噪Delete 删除Delivery end 输入端DEMO demodulator 解调器Demo 自动演奏Demoder 解码器Density 密度，声音密度效果Detune 音高微调，去谐DepFin 纵深微调Depth 深度Denoiser 降噪器Design 设计Destroyer 抑制器DET detector 检波器Deutlichkeit 清晰度DEV device 装置，仪器DEX dynamic exciter 动态激励器DF damping factor 动态滤波器DFL dynamic filter 动态滤波DFS digital frequency synthesizer 数字频率合成器DI data input 数据输入Diagram 图形，原理图Dial 调节度盘Difference 不同，差别DIFF differential 差动Diffraction 衍射，绕射Diffuse 传播Diffusion 扩散DIG digit 数字式Digital 数字的，数字式，计数的Digitalyier 数字化装置DIM digital input module 数字输入模块DIM diminished 衰减，减半音Dimension 范围，密度，尺寸，（空间）维，声像宽度Din 五芯插口（德国工业标准）DIN digital input 数字输入DIR direct 直接的，（调音台）直接输出，定向的Direct box 指令盒，控制盒Direct sound 直达声Directory 目录Direction 配置方式Directional 方向，指向的Directivity 方向性DIS display 显示器DISC disconnect 切断，开路DISC discriminator 鉴相器Disc 唱盘，唱片，碟Disc holder 唱片抽屉Disc recorder 盘片式录音机Dischage 释放，解除Disco 迪斯科，迪斯科音乐效果Discord 不谐和弦Disk 唱盘，碟DISP display 显示器，显示屏Dispersion 频散特性，声音分布Displacement 偏转，代换Distortion 失真，畸变DIST distance 距离，间距DIST district 区间Distributer 分配器，导向装置DITEC digital television camera 数字电视摄像机Dim 变弱，变暗，衰减DIV divergence 发散DIV division 分段DIV divisor 分配器Diversity 分集（接收）Divider 分配器Divx 美国数字视频快递公司开发的一种每次观看付费的DVDDJ Disc Jocker 唱片骑士DJ dust jacket 防尘罩DJ delay 延迟DLD dynamic linear drive 动态线性驱动DLLD direct linear loop detector 直接线性环路检波器DME digital multiple effector 数字综合效果器DMS date multiplexing system 数据多路传输系统DMS digital multiplexing synchronizer数字多路传输同步器DMX data multiplex 数据多路（传输）DNL dynamic noise limiter 动态噪声抑制器DNR dynamic noise reduction 动态降噪电路DO dolly out 后移DO dropout 信号失落DOB dolby 杜比DOL dynamic optimum loudness 动态最佳响度Dolby 杜比，杜比功能Dolby Hx Pro dolby Hx pro headroom extension system杜比Hx Pro动态余量扩展系统Dolby NR 杜比降噪Dolby Pro-logic 杜比定向逻辑Dolby SR-D dolby SR digital 杜比数字频谱记录Dolby Surround 杜比环绕Dome loudspeaker 球顶扬声器Dome type 球顶（扬声器）DOP doppler 多普勒（响应）Double 加倍，双，次八度Doubler 倍频器，加倍器Double speed 倍速复制D.OUT direct output 直接输出Down 向下，向下调整，下移，减少DPCM differential pulse code modulation 差动脉冲调制DPD direct pure MPX decoder 直接纯多路解调器DPL dolby pro logic 杜比定向逻辑DPL duplex 双工，双联DPLR doppler 多普勒（系统）D.Poher effect 德.波埃效应Dr displacement corrector 位移校准器，同步机DR distributor 分配器DR drum 磁鼓Drain 漏电，漏极DRAM direct read after write 一次性读写存储器Drama 剧场效果DRAW 只读追忆型光盘Dr.Beat 取字时间校准器DRCN dynamic range compression and normalization 动态范围压缩和归一化Drive 驱动，激励Dr.Rhythm 节奏同步校准器DRPS digital random program selector数字式节目随机选择器 DDrum 鼓Drum machine 鼓机Dry 干，无效果声，直达声DS distortion 失真DSC digital signal converter 数字信号转换器DSL dynamic super loudness 低音动态超响度，重低音恢复DSM dynamic scan modulation 动态扫描速度调制器DSP digital signal processor 数字信号处理器DSP display simulation program 显示模拟程序DSP digital sound processor 数字声音处理器DSP digital sound field processor 数字声场处理器DSP dynamic speaker 电动式扬声器DSS digital satellite system 数字卫星系统DT data terminal 数据终端DT data transmission 数据传输DTL direct to line 直接去线路DTS digital theater system 数字影剧院系统DTS digital tuning system 数字调谐系统DTV digital television 数字电视Dual 对偶，双重，双Dub 复制，配音，拷贝，转录磁带Dubbing mixer 混录调音台Duck 按入，进入Dummyload 假负载DUP Duplicate 复制（品）Duplicator 复制装置，增倍器Duration 持续时间，宽度Duty 负载，作用范围，功率Duty cycle 占空系数，频宽比DUX duplex 双工DV device 装置，器件DVC digital video cassette 数字录象带DVD digital video disc 数字激光视盘DX 天线收发开关，双重的，双向的DYN dynamic 电动式的，动态范围，动圈式的Dynamic filter 动态滤波（特殊效果处理）器Dynamic Microphone 动圈话筒Dynamic range 动态范围Dynode 电子倍增器电极EE early warning 预警E earth 真地，接地E error 错误，差错（故障显示）EA earth 地线，真地EAR early 早期（反射声）Earphone 耳机Earth terminal 接地端EASE electro-acooustic simulators for engineers工程师用电声模拟器，计算机电声与声学设计软件Eat 收取信号EBU european broadcasting union 欧洲广播联盟EC error correction 误差校正ECD electrochomeric display 电致变色显示器Echo 回声，回声效果，混响ECL extension zcompact limitter 扩展压缩限制器ECM electret condenser microphone 驻极体话筒ECSL equivalent continuous sound level 等级连续声级ECT electronec controlled transmission 电控传输ED edit editor 编辑，编辑器Edit 编辑Edge tone 边棱音EDTV enhanced definition television增强清晰度电视（一种可兼容高清晰度电视）E-DRAW erasable direct after write 可存可抹读写存储器EE errors excepted 允许误差EFF effect efficiency 效果，作用Effector 操纵装置，效果器Effects generator 效果发生器EFM 8/14位调制法EFX effect 效果EG envelope generator 包络发生器EIA electronec industries association （美国）电子工业协会EIAJ electronic industries association Japan日本电子工业协会EIN einstein 量子摩尔（能量单位）EIN equivalent input noise 等效输入噪声EIO error in operation 操作码错误Eject 弹起舱门，取出磁带（光盘），出盒EL electro luminescence 场致发光ELAC electroacoustic 电声（器件）ELEC electret 驻极体Electret condenser microphone 驻极体话筒ELF extremely low frequency 极低频ELEC electronec 电子的Electroacoustics 电声学EMI electro magnetic interference 电磁干扰Emission 发射EMP emphasispo 加重EMP empty 空载Emphasis 加重EMS emergency switch 紧急开关Emulator 模拟器，仿真设备EN enabling 启动Enable 赋能，撤消禁止指令Encoding 编码End 末端，结束，终止Ending 终端，端接法，镶边ENG engineering 工程Engine 运行，使用ENG land 工程接地Enhance 增强，提高，提升ENS ensemble 合奏ENS envelope sensation 群感Eensemble 合奏Eensemble 合奏ENT enter 记录Enter 记入，进入，回车Entering 插入，记录Entry 输入数据，进入ENV envelope 包络线Envelopment 环绕感EOP electronic overload protection 电子过载保护EOP end of program 程序结束EOP end output 末端输出EOT end of tape 磁带尾端EP extend playing record 多曲目唱片EP extended play 长时间放录，密录EPG edit pulse generator 编辑脉冲发生器EPS emergency power supply 应急电源EQ equalizer 均衡器，均衡EQ equalization 均衡EQL equalization 均衡Equal-loudness contour 等响曲线Equipped 准备好的，已装备Equitonic 全音Equivalence 等效值ER erect 设置ER error 错误，误差ERA earphone 耳机Eraser 抹去，消除Erasing 擦除，清洗Erasure 抹音Erase 消除，消Er early 早期的ERCD extended resolution CD 扩展解析度CD EREQ erect equalizer均衡器（频点）位置（点频补偿电路的中点频率）调整ERF early reflection 早期反射（声）Ernumber 早期反射声量Error 错误，出错，不正确ES earth swith 接地开关ES electrical stimulation 点激励Escqpe 退出ETER eternity 无限Euroscart 欧洲标准21脚AV连接器Event 事件EVF envelope follower包络跟随器（音响合成装置功能单元）EX exciter 激励器EX exchange 交换EX expanding 扩展EXB expanded bass 低音增强EXC exciter 激励器EXCH exchange 转换Exclusive 专用的Excursion 偏移，偏转，漂移，振幅EXP expender 扩展器，动态扩展器EXP export 输出Exponential horn tweeter 指数型高音号角扬声器Expression pedal表达踏板（用于控制乐器或效果器的脚踏装置）EXT extend 扩展EXT exterior 外接的（设备）EXT external 外部的，外接的EXT extra 超过EXTN extension 扩展，延伸（程控装置功能单元）Extract 轨道提出EXTSN extension 扩展，延伸（程控装置功能单元）FF fast 快（速）F feedback 反馈F forward 向前F foot 脚踏（装置）F frequency 频率F function 功能Ffactor 因子，因素，系数，因数Fade 衰减（音量控制单元）Fade in-out 淡入淡出，慢转换Fader 衰减器Fade up 平滑上升Failure 故障Fall 衰落，斜度Faraday shield 法拉第屏蔽，静电屏蔽FAS full automatic search 全自动搜索Fast 快速（自动演奏装置的速度调整钮）Fastener 接线柱，闭锁Fat 浑厚（音争调整钮）Fattens out 平直输出Fault 故障，损坏Fader 衰减器，调音台推拉电位器（推子）Fading in 渐显Fading out 渐显False 错误Fancier 音响发烧友Far field 远场FatEr 丰满的早期反射FB feedback 反馈，声反馈FB fuse block 熔丝盒F.B fiver by 清晰FBO feedback outrigger 反馈延伸FCC federal communications commission（美国）联邦通信委员会FD fade depth 衰减深度FD feed 馈入信号FDR fader 衰减器FeCr 铁铬磁带Feed 馈给，馈入，输入Feeder 馈线Feed/Rewind spool 供带盘/倒带盘Ferrite head 铁氧体磁头F.&B. forward and back 前后FET field effect technology 场效应技术FF flip flop 触发器FF fast forward 快进FG flag generator 标志信号发生器FI fade in 渐进Field 声场Field pickup 实况拾音File 文件，存入，归档，数据集，（外）存储器Fill-in 填入FILT filter 滤波器Final 韵母Fine 微调Fingered 多指和弦Finger 手指，单指和弦FIN GND 接地片Finish 结束，修饰FIP digital frequency display panel 数字频率显示板FIR finite-furation impulse response有限冲激响应（滤波器）Fire 启动Fix 确定，固定Fizz 嘶嘶声FL fluorescein 荧光效果Flange 法兰音响效果，镶边效果Flanger 镶边器Flanging 镶边Flash 闪光信号Flat 平坦，平直Flat noise 白噪声Flat tuning 粗调Flex 拐点FLEX flexible cord 软线，塞绳FLEX frequency level expander 频率扩展器FLEXWA VE flexible waveguide 可弯曲波导管FLG flanger 镶边器Flip 替换，调换Floating 非固定的，悬浮式的Floppy disc 软磁盘FLTR filter 滤波器Fluorescent display 荧光显示器Flute 长笛Flutter 一种放音失真，脉冲干扰，颤动FLW follow 跟踪，随动FLY 均衡器FM fade margin 衰落设备FM frequency modulation 调频广播FM/SW telescopic rod aerial 调频/短波拉杆天线FO fade out 渐隐Focus 焦点，中心点Foldback 返送，监听Foot(board) 脚踏板（开关控制）Fomant 共振峰Force 过载，强行置入Format 格式，格式化，规格，（储存器中的）信息安排Forward 转送FPR floating point routine 浮点程序FPR full power response 全功率响应FR frequency 频率FR frequency response 频率响应Frame 画面，（电视的）帧Frames 帧数Free 剩余，自由Free echoes 无限回声（延时效果处理的一种）Free edge 自由折环（扬声器）FREEQ frequency 频率F.Rew fast rewind 快倒Freeze 凝固，声音骤停，静止Frequency divider 分频器Frequency shifter 移频器，变频器Fricative 擦音Front 前面的，正面的Front balance 前置平衡Front process 前声场处理FRU field replaceable unit 插件，可换部件FS frequency shift 频移，变调FS full short 全景FT facility terminal 设备（输出）端口FT fine tuning 微调FT foot 脚踏装置FT function tist 功能测试FT frequency tracke 频率跟踪器FTG fitting 接头，配件FTS faverate track selection 最佳声迹选择Full 丰满，饱和Full auto 全自动Full effect recording 全效果录音Full range 全音域，全频GG gate 门（电路）G ground 接地GA general average 总平均值Gain 增益，提衰量Game 卡拉OK音响效果Gamut 音域Gap 间隔，通道Gate 噪声门，门，选通Gated Rev 选通混响（开门的时间内有混响效果）GB 吉字节Gear 风格，格调GEN generator （信号）发生器General 综合效果Generator 信号发生器GEQ graphie equalizier 图示均衡器GD ground 接地Girth 激励器的低音强度调节Glide strip 滑奏条（演奏装置）GLLS-sando 滑降（演奏的效果）Global 总体设计GM genertal MIDI 通用乐器数字接器GND ground 地线，接地端GP group 编组GPR general purpose receiver 通用接收机GPI general purpose interface 通用接口设备Govern 调整，控制，操作，运转GR group 组合Gramophone 留声机，唱机Graphic equalizer 图示均衡器，图表均衡器GRND ground 接地Groove 光盘螺旋道的槽Group 编组（调音台），组Growler 线圈短路测试仪GT gate 门，噪声门GT gauge template 样板GTE gate 门（电路）GTR gate reverb 门混响Guard 保护，防护装置GUI graphical user interface 图形用户接口Guitar 吉它Guy 拉线Gymnasium 体育馆效果Gyrator 回旋器HHQAD high quality audio disc 高品位音频光盘HR handing room 操作室HR high resistance 高阻抗（信号端子的阻抗特性）HRTF head-related transfer function 人脑相关转换功能HS head set 头戴式耳机HS hybrid system 混合系统HT home theater 家庭影院，家庭剧场Hubrid 混合网络，桥接岔路Hum 交流哼声，交流低频（50Hz）噪声Hum and Noise 哼杂声，交流噪声Humidity 湿度，湿气HUT homes using TV 家用电视HVDS Hi-visual dramatic sound 高保真现场感音响系统HX headroom extension 动态余量扩展（系统）（一种杜比降噪系统），净空延伸H horizonal 水平（状态）H hot 热（平衡信号端口的“热端”）Hall 厅堂效果Handle 手柄，控制HAR harmonec 谐波Hard knee 硬拐点（压限器）Harmonic 谐波Harmonic distortion 谐波失真Harmonic Generator 谐波发生器Harmonize （使）和谐，校音Harmony 和谐Harp 竖琴Hash 杂乱脉冲干扰Hass effect 哈斯效应HD harmonic distortion 谐波失真HDCD high definition compatible digital高分辨率兼容性数字技术HDTV hight definiton television 高清晰度电视Head 录音机磁头，前置的，唱头Head azimuth 磁头方位角Head gap 磁头缝隙Headroom 动态余量，动态范围上限，电平储备Headphone 头戴式耳机Headset 头带式耳机Heavy metel 重金属HeiFin 垂直微调Hearing 听到，听觉Heat sink 散热板Help （对程序的）解释HF high frequency 高频，高音Hi hign 高频，高音HI band 高频带Hi-end 最高品质，顶级Hi-BLEND 高频混合指示High cut 高切High pass 高通Highway 总线，信息通道Hi-Fi high fidelity 高保真，高保真音响Hiss 咝声Hi-Z 高阻抗HL half reverb 大厅混响Hoghorn 抛物面喇叭Hoisting 提升Hold 保持，无限延续，保持时间Holder 支架，固定架Hold-off 解除保持Home 家庭，实用Home theatre 家庭影院Horizontal 水平的，横向的Horn 高音号角，号筒，圆号Hornloaded 号角处理Hot 热端，高电位端Hour 小时Howling 啸叫声Howlround 啸叫H.P headphone 头戴式耳机HPA haas pan allochthonous 哈斯声像漂移HPF high pass filter 高通滤波器HQ high quality 高质量，高品位Hyper Condenser 超心型的HZ hertz 赫兹H hard 硬的（音响效果特征）IIC integrated circuit 集成电路ID identification 识别ID identify 标志Idle 空载的，无效果的IDTV improved definition television改进清晰度电视系统IEC international electrical commission国际电工委员会IEEE institute of electrical&electronic engineers电气及电子工程师学会IF intermidiate frequency 中频的I/F interface 接口IHF the institute of high fidelity 高保真学会IIR infinite-duration impulse response无限冲激响应IKA Interactive knee adapt互调拐点适配，软拐点I/O input/output 输入/输出IM impulse modulation 脉冲调剂IM image 影象IMD intermodulation distortion 互调失真IMP impedance 阻抗IMP impedence 阻抗IMP interface message processor 接口信息处理机Improper 错误的IN inductor 感应器IN input 输入IN inverter 反演器，倒相器Inactive 暂停，失效的INC incoming 引入线INC increase 增高INCOM intercom 内部通话（系统）In phase 同相IND index 索引，标志，指数IND indicator 指示器Indicator 显示器，指示器Indirect 间接Inductance 电感Induction 感应，引入INF infinite 无限大Infrared 红外线的Infra-red remote control 红外线遥控INH inhibit 抑制，禁止Initial 声母，初始化In/Out 加与不加选择（相当于旁路）开关，接通开关Infinite 无限的，非限定的Increase 增加Initial Delay 早期延时，初次延时Inject 注入，置入Inlead 引入线Inlet 引入线，插入In-line 串联的，在线的INP input 输入（端口）INV invertor 倒相器，翻转器，反相器，变换器Inverse 倒相Inverseve Rev 颠倒式混响效果Invert 轮流，反转I/O in/out输入/输出（接口），信号插入接口I/Oinstead of 替代IPE integrated parameter editing 综合参量编辑IR infrared sensor 红外线传感器IROA impulse response optimum algorithm脉冲响应最佳算法IS information separators 信息分隔字符IS in service 不中断服务ISO International Standardization Organization国际标准化组织Input 输入Indicator 显示器，指示灯INS insert 插入（信号），插入接口INSEL input select 输入选择INST instant 直接的，实时INST institution 建立，设置INST instrument 仪器，乐器Instrument 乐器Insulator 绝缘体INT intake 进入，入口INT intensity 强度，烈度INT interior 内部INT interrupter 断路器Integrated 组合的Integrated amplifier前置-功率放大器，综合功率放大器Intelligate 智能化噪声门Intelligibility 可懂度Interactie 相互作用，人机对话，软拐点Interval 音高差别Integrated 集成的，完全的Intercom 对讲，通话Interconnect 互相联系Inter cut 插播Interface 接口，对话装置Interference 干扰，干涉，串扰Interim 临时的，过渡特征Intermodulation 互调，内调制Intermodulation distortion 交越失真Internal 内存，对讲机Internally 在内部，内存Inter parameter 内部参数Interval 音高差别Interplay 相互作用，内部播放Interval shifter 音歇移相器Intimacy 亲切感Intonation 声调INTRO introduction 介绍，浏览，引入，（乐曲的）前奏INTRO sacn 曲头检索（节目搜索）INTRO sensor 曲头读出器（节目查询）Introskip 内移，内跳ISS insertion test signal 插入切换信号ISS interference suppression switch 干扰抑制开关ITS insertion test signal 插入测试信号IV interval 间隔搜索IV inverter 倒相器IWC interrupted wave 断续波IX index 标盘，指针，索引JJ jack 插孔，插座，传动装置Jack socket 插孔Jaff 复干扰Jagg club 爵士乐俱乐部效果Jam 抑制，干扰Jamproof 抗干扰的Jazz 爵士JB junction box 接线盒JIS 日本工业标准Job 事件，作业指令，成品Jog 旋盘缓进，慢进，突然转向。

SmaartLive的基本操作攻略讲解

SIA 的基本操作攻略进几年，在现场的SR作业里，总是会携带一些各人的装备，如手提电脑或者是一些处理器啦，或是一些你善用的效果器。

早期，一般条件好些的硬件系统在架设完后，都会有一些校准的动作，当然会使用到一些仪测的设备，通常有的就是Gold Line，或是audio control这类的频谱分析仪，这些工具虽然只是简单的LED 灯光排列显示信息，不过却能给人信赖与放心。

最近看了一些朋友同行们，出门携带设备在旁的，几乎是场场必见手提电脑，也大致上看了大家在使用的平台是什幺，不管大家用什么东东出现在计算机里，最重要的是它要能工作！而且是准确的，不是打开在那儿突显自己控场子有用计算机哦！水准哦！好啦。

频谱分析工具，它们的单位离不开分贝dB、音压值SPL、等响加权，为何要介绍它呢？使用的环境国际化嘛，支持的厂商多嘛，还有它的前身就是JBL 那一套软件，然后老板们买得起。

SmaartLive 5是一套双信道，采用FFT 数学运算转换为基础的量测软件，它可以实时分析音场频谱设备，或是声音档案的相位、时间等工具，也可遥控调整有支持软件的喇叭处理器，算是在数字软件仪表里，属于便宜又准确的东东。

批注：FFT ( Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅立叶转换or 傅氏转换)法国数学、物理学家。

1768年3月21日生于欧塞尔，1830年5月16日卒于巴黎。

9岁父母双亡，被当地教堂收养，12岁由一主教送入地方军事学校读书。

17岁(1785 ) 回乡教数学，1794到巴黎，成为高等师范学校的首批学员，次年到巴黎综合工科学校执教。

1798年随拿破仑远征埃及时任军中文书和埃及研究院秘书，1801年回国后任伊泽尔省地方长官。

1817年当选为科学院院士，1822年任该院终身秘书，又任法兰西学院终身秘书和理工科大学校务委员会主席。

主要贡献是在研究热的传播时创立了一套数学理论。

1807年向巴黎科学院呈交《热的传播》论文，推导出著名的热传导方程，并在求解该方程时发现解函数可以由三角函数构成的级数形式表示，从而提出任一函数都可以展成三角函数的无穷级数。

英语作文-如何进行集成电路设计中的电源噪声分析与抑制

英语作文-如何进行集成电路设计中的电源噪声分析与抑制Integrated circuit (IC) design is a meticulous process that demands attention to detail, especially when it comes to analyzing and suppressing power supply noise. Power supply noise, often referred to as voltage fluctuations or fluctuations in the DC power supply, can adversely affect the performance and reliability of integrated circuits. In this article, we will delve into the intricacies of power supply noise analysis and suppression techniques in IC design.Firstly, it's crucial to understand the sources of power supply noise in integrated circuits. These noise sources can originate from various sources such as switching activities within the circuit, coupling effects between different components, and external factors like electromagnetic interference (EMI) from nearby electronic devices. Identifying the root cause of power supply noise is the first step towards effective mitigation strategies.One effective method for analyzing power supply noise is through simulation tools. Advanced SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) simulators allow designers to model the behavior of circuits under different operating conditions, including the presence of power supply noise. By simulating the circuit response to noise, designers can gain insights into the impact of noise on circuit performance and identify critical nodes prone to noise-induced errors.Moreover, employing proper decoupling techniques is essential for suppressing power supply noise. Decoupling capacitors placed strategically across the power distribution network serve as local energy reservoirs, mitigating voltage fluctuations caused by sudden changes in current demand. Proper selection of decoupling capacitor values, placement, and routing is paramount for effective noise suppression.Furthermore, employing low-dropout (LDO) regulators and voltage regulators can help stabilize the power supply voltage, thereby reducing the impact of noise on circuitoperation. LDO regulators maintain a stable output voltage even in the presence of fluctuations in the input voltage, ensuring reliable operation of sensitive circuitry.Additionally, designing robust ground and power planes is vital for minimizing power supply noise in integrated circuits. Well-designed ground planes provide a low-impedance return path for the current flow, reducing ground bounce and minimizing the impact of electromagnetic interference. Similarly, dedicated power planes ensure a stable supply voltage to all components, mitigating the effects of voltage fluctuations.Furthermore, employing differential signaling techniques can help reduce the susceptibility of circuits to common-mode noise. By transmitting data using complementary signals with equal and opposite amplitudes, the receiver can effectively reject common-mode noise, enhancing the noise immunity of the system.In conclusion, effective analysis and suppression of power supply noise are paramount for ensuring the performance and reliability of integrated circuits. By employing simulation tools, decoupling techniques, voltage regulators, proper grounding strategies, and differential signaling, designers can mitigate the impact of power supply noise and deliver robust and reliable IC designs.。

主动噪声控制ANC技术PPT课件

LMS算法的原理图
8
Active Noise Control
• 滤波器权系数的更新递归关系式：
w(n+1) =w(n)+2μx(n)[d(n)- xT(n)w(n)]，
其中μ为收敛（步长）因子，0< μ < λ max（x(n)自相关矩阵的最大特征值）；
• 从而，LMS算法的滤波器权系数迭代公式： w(n+1) =w(n)+2μx(n)e(n) 下一时刻的权系数，可由当前时刻的权系数加上以误差函数为比例的输入得到。
————以噪声控制噪声————
2
Active Noise Control
信号源信号d是有用信号s和噪声干扰n0之和；
由于噪声源噪声的幅度、相位、频率会随时变化， ANC系统必须能够适应并处理好这些变化，故采用自适应滤波器。
参考源信号x是与n0相关的噪声n1； ANC系统基本原理框图
3
Active Noise Control
9
Active Noise Control
• 参数失调噪声。干扰噪声v(n)越大，则引起的失调噪声就越大。
• 解决方法：减小收敛（步长）因子μ ➢ 减少稳态失调噪声，提高算法的收敛精度; ➢ 降低算法的收敛速度和收敛精度
变步长的LMS算法
10
Active Noise Control
• 胎儿心率的检测
干扰：母体脏器的活动（主要是心跳）的噪声、检测设备电源干扰信号源来源：腹部电极采集的信号参考源来源：胸部电极采集的信号ຫໍສະໝຸດ • 飞行员通信干扰：机舱各种机器噪声
信号源来源：语音信号参考源来源：机舱噪声信号
11
谢谢！
12
• 由公式1可知， z-s =n0-y ，在理想情况下，y=n0，则z=s；输出信号z的噪声完全被抵消，而只保留有用信号s。

有源降噪中电声器件频率响应的仿真研究

文章编号：1006 -9348(2021 )04 -0168-04有源降噪中电声器件频率响应的仿真研究何彦兴，曾庆宁(桂林电子科技大学信息与通信学院，广西桂林541004)摘要：为了研究有源降噪系统仿真时电声器件的频率响应对次级通路建模的影响，使用有限脉冲响应（Finite Impulse Response, FIR) 滤波器模拟电声器件的频率响应曲线，并以FxLMS( F iltered-x Least Mean Square) 算法为例，研究扬声器与传声器的频率响应对系统降噪效果的影响；仿真结果表明，在实际降噪应用中电声器件陡峭的频率响应曲线会对输人信号幅值造成衰减,产生幅值失配的现象，使控制系统的实际降噪量远小于理想电声器件模型，并通过不同情况下的降噪效果分析了电声器件对系统降噪量的影响。

该分析方法为深人进行有源降噪系统研究提供了一种新的次级通道模型分析思路。

关键词:有源噪声控制；电声器件;频率响应;滤波-X最小均方算法中图分类号:TP391.9 文献标识码：BSimulation Study on Frequency Responseof Electroacoustic Devices in Active Noise Control 第38卷第4期计算机仿真2021年4月HE Yan- xing,ZENG Qing- ning(School of Information and Communication,Guilin University of Electronic Technology,Guilin Guangxi 541004,China)A B S T R A C T：In order t o reduce the influence of the frequency response of the electroacoustic device on the modelingof secondary path during Active Noise Control (A N C) system simulation,the frequency response curve of the electroacoustic device was simulated by using a Finite Impulse Response (FIR)f i l t e r.And the Filtered - x Least Mean Square (FxLMS) algorithm was taken as an example t o study the e f f e c t of the frequency response of electroacoustic devices on the noise reduction of the A N C system. The resu l t s show t h a t i n the actual noise reduction applications,the steep frequency response curve of the electroacoustic device can attenuate the amplitude of input signal,resulting i n a phenomenon of amplitude mismatch,which makes the actual noise reduction of the control system much smaller than the ideal electroacoustic device model.The e f f e c t s of electroacoustic devices on the noise reduction system were analyzed based on denoising e f f e c t s of d i f f e r e n t situations.This analytical method can provide a new analytical proceduref o r secondary path modeling f o r further research of active noise control system.K E Y W O R D S：Active noise control； Electroacoustic device； Frequency response characteristic； FxLMS algorithmi引言有源噪声控制（active noise control,A N C)系统是基于破坏性干扰原理的电声装置m，通过产生反向噪声来衰减目标场区的噪声信号达到降噪的目的。

FESTO软启动快速排气阀门使用说明书

Translation of the original instructions1About this documentThis document describes the use of the soft start/quick exhaust valve.The document contains additional information for use of the product in safety-related systems (safety handbook in accordance with IEC 61508).1.1Further applicable documentsAssembly instructions for cover (tamper protection) MS6/9-SV-C-MK/MHAll available documents for the product è /pk.Target groupThe document is targeted towards individuals who mount and operate theproduct. It is additionally targeted towards individuals who are entrusted with theplanning and application of the product in a safety-oriented system.1.3Specified standardsVersion statusIEC 61508-2:2010-04EN ISO 13849-1:2015-12EN 60204-1:2006-06/A1:2009-02 +AC:2010-02EN ISO 13849-2:2012-10EN ISO 4414:2010-11EN 1037/A1:2008-04Tab. 1 Standards specified in the document2Safety2.1Safety instructions–Only use the product in original status without unauthorised modifications.–Only use the product if it is in perfect technical condition.–Observe labelling on the product.–Take into consideration the ambient conditions at the location of use.–Prior to mounting, installation and maintenance work: Switch off compressedair supply and secure it from being switched back on.–Observe tightening torques. Unless otherwise specified, the toleranceis ± 20 %.–Only use compressed air as an operating medium in accordance with the spe-cification è 14 Technical data.2.2Intended useThe product is intended for installation in machines or automated systems andmay be used only in the following ways:–In an industrial environment–In its original condition, without unauthorised modifications–In safety-related systems, only with cover (tamper protection) MS6-...-MK–In perfect technical condition2.3Foreseeable misuseForeseeable misuse includes:–Use outdoors–Bypassing of safety functions–Use in reversible operation (using supply air instead of exhaust air, and viceversa)–Use in low demand mode in accordance with EN 61511–Vacuum operation2.4Training of skilled personnelInstallation, mounting, commissioning, maintenance, repair and removal fromoperation may only be performed by qualified specialised personnel with know-ledge of and experience with electrical and pneumatic control technology.3Further information–Accessories è /catalogue.DesignationTypeSilencer U-¾-BCover (tamper protection)1)MS6-SV-C-MK1) for covering setting and control elementsTab. 2 Accessories4ServiceContact your regional Festo contact person if you have technical questionsè.5Product overview5.1Configuration5.1.1Product design1Manual override at the pilotsolenoid valve2Pilot solenoid valve3Pneumatic port 1 (compressed airinlet)4Pneumatic port 3 (exhaust)5Silencer6Adjusting screw for pressureswitching point7Main flow control valve for set-ting the filling time8Internal manual override at thesoft-start/quick exhaust valve9Pneumatic port 2 (compressed airoutlet port)Fig. 1 Operating elements and connections5.1.2Product variantsThe following table contains selected product characteristics and codes that arenecessary for understanding the instruction manual. Complete type codeè/catalogue.Feature Code DescriptionSeries MS Standard service unitSize6Grid dimension 62 mm–Pipe thread ISO 228Thread typeN NPTFunction-SV Soft start/quick exhaust valve-1/2Thread G½-AGB Sub-base G¼-AGC Sub-base G y-AGD Sub-base G½-AGE Sub-base G¾-AQN Sub-base N¼-AQP Sub-base N y-AQR Sub-base N½Connection size-AQS Sub-base N¾Performance level-C In accordance with EN ISO 13849-1-10V2424 V DC (plug pattern in accordance with EN 175301-803,shape C), 10 bar-10V24P-10V24F24 V DC (M12 in accordance with IEC 610762101), 10 bar-10V24C24 V DC (plug pattern in accordance with EN 175301-803,shape C), 10 bar, without manual override-10V24D-10V24E24 V DC (M12 in accordance with IEC 610762101), 10 bar,without manual override-V2424 V DC (plug pattern in accordance with EN 175301)-V24P24 V DC (M12 in accordance with IEC 610762101 via plug socketadapter)-V110110 V AC (plug pattern in accordance with EN 175301)Supply voltage-V230230 V AC (plug pattern in accordance with EN 175301)Options-S SilencerCover(tamper protection)-MK Cover for internal manual override at the soft-start/quick exhaustvalve, main flow control valve, adjusting screw for pressureswitching point and manual override at the pilot solenoid valveTab. 3 Product variants (selection)5.2FunctionThe electro-pneumatic soft start/quick exhaust valve MS6(N)-SV-...-C permits safeexhausting and building up of pressure in pneumatic pipeline systems and termin-al equipment in industry.8089914Soft start/quick exhaust valveMS6(N)-SV-...-C80899142018-04d[8089916]Festo SE & Co. KGRuiter Straße 8273734 EsslingenGermany+49 711 347-0Tab. 4 Circuit symbols for the functions 5.3Information on functional safety 5.3.1Achievable safety ratingThe product is suitable for use as an element in a safety-related system in accord-ance with EN ISO 13849-1 up to category 1, performance level (PL) c.The suitability for certain applications can only be determined in connection with the assessment of further components of the subsystem. These must achieve the same safety level.5.3.2Safety functionsThe safety functions are:–Venting in the downstream piping system and terminals –Prevention of unexpected start-up (pressurisation)The safety functions are triggered by switching off the power supply at the pilot solenoid valve. As long as the voltage at the pilot solenoid valve remains switched off, the connection between ports 2 and 3 is enabled Required link is broken! Tar-get id: ID_88421428ae6f902fd55f89140858cbcc-cbdf660fad5e2d2bd55f891477ad06a4-en-GB.This switching position represents the safe state.5.3.3Operating conditions–General information on safe operation è 2 Safety–Ambient conditions and additional technical specificationsè 14 Technical data.Actuate the product at least once per month to ensure the safety function works properly.5.3.4Limitations of useThe duration of use is limited to the maximum operating time T 10d or is no more than the mission time T M è Tab. 5 Safety characteristics.5.3.5Characteristic values MS6(N)-SV-...-C Safety standards (in accordance with IEC 61508)-10V24,-10V24P/C/D/E/F -V24-V24P-V110-V230ExhaustingSafety functionPrevention of unexpected start-up (ventilation) in accordance with EN 1037/A1Note on forced dynamic sampling 1)Switching frequency at least 1/month Performance level (PL) in accordance with EN ISO 13849-1Up to category 1, PL c2)Service life characteristic B 10 1.2 mill. switching cycles Service lifeT M [a]20Maximum operating time T 10d [a] 2 x B 10/n op or max. T M Diagnostic coverageDC 0Hardware fault toleranceHFT0Element type in accordancewith EN 61508-2Type A Average probability of dan-gerous failure per hourPFH d è Fig.2MS6(N)-SV-...-C Safety standards (in accordance with IEC 61508)-10V24,-10V24P/C/D/E/F -V24-V24P-V110-V230Exhaust time[s]è Tab. 8 Exhaust timeIn accordance with EU Machinery Directive CE marking (see declaration of conformityè /sp)zIn accordance with Low Voltage Directive1) Use in "low demand mode" is not permissible.2) Applies up to the average number of operations per year = 630,000Tab. 5 Safety characteristics1PFH d value, dependent on the average number of operations per year (n op ) Fig. 2 PFH 6AssemblyInformation about mounting the module connector, connecting plate and mount-ing bracket can be found in the instruction manual enclosed with the relevant accessories.6.1Requirements–Take appropriate measures to remove any particles in the supply lines.6.2PreparationFig. 3 Flow direction –Place product as close as possible to the installation site.–Place product in such a way that you have sufficient space for installation and removal of the silencer.–Observe the direction of flow from port 1 to port 2. Items 1 and 2 on thehousing of the MS6(N)-SV-...-C.6.3Assembly with MS-series service unitsFailure of the safety function.Incorrect installation in the service unit combination can result in failure of the exhaust safety function.•Only devices that do not impair the exhausting, even after a possible malfunc-tion of the device, may be placed downstream of the MS6-SV-C.Fig. 4 Fitting together1.Slide the MS6-END 1 cover cap, if present, upwards and remove it.2.Insert a seal 2 between the individual devices (module connector MS6-MVin scope of delivery).3.Place module connector 3 in the slots of the individual devices.4.Fasten the module connector with two screws (MS6-MV included in scope ofdelivery). Max. tightening torque 1.2 Nm.7Installation7.1SafetyRisk of injury from compressed air.•Before carrying out installation and maintenance work, switch off the com-pressed air supply.7.2Pneumatic installationPort 1 and 2If using screw connectors:1.Note the permissible screw-in depth of the connecting thread is 10 mm.2.Make sure that the compressed air lines are connected correctly.3.Screw the fittings into the pneumatic ports using appropriate sealing materi-al.Port 3 (thread size G¾ or NPT¾)Exhausting a system using the MS6(N)-SV-...-C results in high noise levels. •Recommendation: use silencer è /catalogue.1.Screw the silencer into pneumatic port 3.2.Make sure exhaust is unhindered: Neither the silencer nor port 3 must beblocked.7.3Electrical installationElectric voltage.Risk of injury due to electric shock.•Electrical connections must only be established when the voltage is discon-nected and by qualified personnel.•MS6(N)-SV-...-C-10V24/10V24P/10V24C/10V24D/10V24E/10V24F, V24/V24P:For the electrical power supply, use only PELV circuits in accordance with IEC 60204-1/EN 60204-1 (Protective Extra-Low Voltage, PELV).•MS6(N)-SV-...-C-V110/V230:Use only voltage sources in accordance with IEC 60204-1/EN 60204-1.•Connect pilot solenoid valve (accessories è /catalogue).8Commissioning8.1Pressurising the product and piping system1.Apply operating pressure p1 at MS6(N)-SV-...-C.2.Switch on the supply voltage.The outlet pressure p2 is built up slowly. The filling time "t" is set through the main flow control valve (è Fig.1) attached to the cover. The outlet pressure rises in accordance with the throttle point è Fig.6 . If the preset pressureswitching point (PSP) is reached, the main seat of the valve opens è Fig.7 .ÄThe downstream piping system is pressurised.If the cover (tamper protection) is not mounted, the pressurisation process is star-ted with the pressure build-up function through operation of one of the manual overrides (è Fig.1 ).•Reset manual override è 8.3 Resetting the internal manual override.8.2Cover (tamper protection)Use:–In a safety-related system, the setting and control elements must be equipped with a cover (tamper protection)è 3 Further information.If the cover (tamper protection) is mounted, the manual overrides cannot be actuated.–In a non-safety-related system, use of the cover (tamper protection) is option-al.8.3Resetting the internal manual overrideA reset will be required if the internal manual override at the soft-start/quick exhaust valve 8 was previously actuated without the cover (tamper protection) being mounted. Resetting can be performed through one of the following meas-ures:Fig. 5 Resetting the internal manual override•Issue of an electrical signal to pilot solenoid valve 2.or•Actuation of the manual override at pilot solenoid valve 1.•MS6(N)-SV-...-C-10V24E:If the internal manual override is activated, it can only be reset through an electric signal to the pilot control solenoid valve, as the pilot control solenoid valve has no manual override.9OperationIf the voltage drops, for example because the power supply is switched off, the product exhausts the downstream piping system .After actuation of the internal manual override:è 8.3 Resetting the internal manual override10Maintenance10.1Maintenance workA dirty silencer can extend the time needed for exhausting the system and thus restrict the safety function.•Check the silencer regularly and replace if necessary.10.2Cleaning1.Switch off energy sources:–Operating voltage–Compressed air2.If necessary, clean the product on the outside. Soap suds (max. +50 °C), pet-roleum ether and all non-abrasive cleaning agents may be used.11Malfunctions11.1Fault clearanceFault description Cause RemedyPressure switching point is toolow.Correct settings.Valve switches abruptly.Pressure switching point is toolow.Correct settings.Pressure switching point is toohigh.Correct settings.Valve does not switch.Main flow control valve is notopened far enough.Correct settings.Tab. 6Repairs to the product are not permissible.–In the event of malfunctions or failure: replace the product and let Festo know about the failure.–Return defective product to Festo.12DismountingRisk of injury from compressed air.•Before dismantling work, switch off the compressed air supply.1.Switch off energy sources:–Operating voltage–Compressed air2.Disconnect the relevant connections of the MS6(N)-SV-...-C.13DisposalSend the packaging and product for environmentally sound recycling in accord-ance with the current regulations è /sp.14Technical data14.1General data1) Maximum A-weighted impulse sound pressure level at the loudest measuring point when exhausting thevalve with silencer U-3/4-BTab. 7 General technical data14.2Venting flow rateFlow rate qn as a function of the number of turns n of the main flow control valve1p1: 6 barFig. 6 Flow diagram14.3Pressure switching point (PSP)A slow pressure build-up of outlet pressure p2 is achieved with the main flow con-trol valve located in the cover. If the outlet pressure p2 has reached the switch-through pressure, the valve opens and the complete operating pressure p1 is applied at the outlet port.The pressure switching point can be set by turning the adjusting screw for the pressure switching point ().1Maximum PSP2Minimum PSPFig. 7 Pressure switching point14.4Exhaust timeThe following table shows the exhaust time in normal operation (N) with silencer U-¾-B at various volumes and operating pressures.Normal operation N Operating pressure3 bar6 bar10 bar18 bar Exhaust time [s]to1.0 -barto0.5barto1.0 -barto0.5barto1.0 -barto0.5barto1.0 -barto0.5bar20.40.50.50.60.60.70.70.8100.60.80.9 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.6200.9 1.3 1.5 1.9 1.9 2.9 3.5 3.0 Volume [l]40 1.5 2.2 2.6 3.4 3.4 4.3 4.5 5.5 Tab. 8 Exhaust time。

3d打印电机主动降噪原理

3d打印电机主动降噪原理英文回答：Active noise reduction in 3D printers with motors is achieved through the use of feedback control systems. These systems monitor the noise produced by the motors and generate counteracting sound waves to cancel out the noise.The principle behind active noise reduction is based on destructive interference. When two sound waves with the same frequency but opposite phases meet, they cancel each other out, resulting in a reduction in overall noise. In the context of 3D printers, the motor noise is measured by microphones or sensors placed strategically around the printer. This noise signal is then fed into a controller, which processes the signal and generates an anti-noise signal.The anti-noise signal is produced by an algorithm that analyzes the characteristics of the motor noise andgenerates a corresponding sound wave with the opposite phase. This anti-noise signal is then played through speakers or transducers placed near the motor, effectively canceling out the noise produced by the motor.To illustrate this, let's imagine a scenario where I am using a 3D printer with a noisy motor. As the motor operates, it generates a continuous humming sound that can be quite annoying. However, with active noise reduction technology, the printer is equipped with sensors that detect the motor noise. The noise signal is then processed by a controller, which generates an anti-noise signal with the opposite phase.As a result, when I start the 3D printer, I can immediately notice a significant reduction in the motor noise. The humming sound is no longer as prominent, and the overall printing experience becomes much more pleasant. This active noise reduction technology allows me to enjoy a quieter environment while operating the 3D printer.中文回答：3D打印机中的电机主动降噪是通过使用反馈控制系统实现的。

BEDIENPANEL F

专利名称：CONTROL PANEL FOR A WELDING DEVICE;WELDING DEVICE COMPRISING A PANEL OFTHIS TYPE; METHOD FOR CONFIGURINGWELDING PARAMETERS OF A WELDINGDEVICE OF THIS TYPE发明人：LATTNER, Peter,NEUBACHER, Günther,ECKL, Bernhard,STRASSER, Manuel,HÖRZING, Axel 申请号：EP20717552.2申请日：20200318公开号：EP3941674A1公开日：20220126专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：The invention relates to a control panel (1) for a welding device (SG), having a welding parameter display unit (2) for displaying welding parameters and having at least one control element (3) which can be manually actuated by a user, wherein the control panel (1) can be changed over between a welding parameter selection mode and a welding parameter editing mode by actuating the control element (3), wherein one of the welding parameters of the welding parameter display unit (2) can be selected in the welding parameter selection mode by turning the control element (3), and wherein a parameter value of a selected welding parameter of the welding parameter display unit (2) can be adjusted in the welding parameter editing mode by turning the control element (3).申请人：FRONIUS INTERNATIONAL GmbH地址：Froniusstraße 1 4643 Pettenbach AT国籍：AT代理机构：Isarpatent更多信息请下载全文后查看。

KP-D591 1 2英寸CCD高感度单片元数字信号处理彩色摄像头集成系统说明书

KP-D28 1/3-inch CCD KP-D591 1/2-inch CCDHigh Sensitivity Single ChipDigital Signal Processing Color Camera1Integration system using the CCD exposure time control system and a field memory to provide continuous video output.Digital Signal Processing system featuring various correction and control features for the video signal in the digital domain. High density 410,000 pixel microlens CCD.Thanks to the above features, a high sensitivity and high resolution camera is realized, and a sharp, clear picture is ensured even under low illumination.The KP-D591 is most suitable for a wide rang of applications. Because the KP-D591 is provided with various functions including the picture expansion function by electronic zoom, auto white balance, ES lens output, genlock and sensitivity setting.High Sensitivity and High ReoslutionSensitivity can be increased approximately 64 times compared to standard sensitivity by the long exposure function of the charge integration on the CCD image sensor. A sharp, clear picture can be obtained at night.With the auto exposure control mode established, the KP-D591 can be used continuously for day and night operation without operator intervention.The minimum illumination in the maximum exposure mode is 0.01 lx using a f1.2 lens with the AGC set to 31dB of gain. A thermoelectric cooling device is attached to the CCD so the affects dark current noise and blemishes are not visible even in the long exposure mode.The horizontal resolution of 480 TV lines (470TVL PAL) is realized by using a high density inter-line CCD with micro lenses.FeaturesHighway Air Port Power PlantFluoresence MicroscopeDV-E386 Printed in Japan (N) '00-10Imaging deviceScanning system Scanning frequencyResolutionSignal-to-noise ratio SensitivityIllumination range Signal processing system Video signal outputSync system AGCElectronic shutter speedBacklight correction Output for auto iris lensText displayWhite balance controlSensitivity settingKP-D28:1/3 " KP-D591:1/2 "Inter-line CCD with micro lenss on chip NTSC PAL 768 (H) x494 (V) 752 (H) x582 (V) 811 (H) x508 (V) 795 (H) x595 (V) 2:1 interlacedNTSC PAL 15.734 kHz 15.625 kHz 59.94 kHz 50 Hz NTSC PAL NTSC/PAL H:480 TVL H:470 TVL V:350 TVL H:440 TYL H:440 TVL V:260 TVL 50 dBStandard MaxKP-D591 1.0 lx(Max AGC ) 0.01 lx(AGC max. 6.4x. F1.2)KP-D28 1.5 lx(Max AGC ) 0.02 lx(AGC max. 6.4x. F1.2)KP-D591 0.01 lx to 100.000 lx(f1.2 ES lens)KP-D28 0.02 lx to 100.000 lx(f1.2 ES lens)Digital signal processing A/D:10-bit Processing:8-bit Composite video signal:1.0 Vp-p/75 ohm, unbalanced BNC connectorInternal or external(Line Lock).ON/OFF switchableMax gain at ON:6,12, 21, 31 dB(Factory setting:21 dB)11steps selectable1/60 (PAL,1/50),1/100,1/250,1/500,1/1000,1/2000,1/4000,1/10,000,1/20,000,1/30,000,AUTO.Backlight correction using 9 photometric areas.Video signal input type or iris cntrol voltage input type switchable.(1) Video signal input type lens mode (VIDEO) Video signal:1.0 Vp-p/high impedance Power supply:12 VDC,max.60 mA(2) Iris control voltage input type (Galvanometer type) lens mode (DC) ImpedanceDamper:1150 ohm ±10 % Driv:190 ohm ±10 %Connector:Square type, 4-pinUp to 24 alphanumerics can be displayed and position can be set.3 control modes selectable (1) Auto tracking (ATW)mode (2) Preset (AWC) mode (3) Manual (MANUAL)mode (R/B gain adjustment)Automatic sensitivity (AUTO) or fixed sesitivity (MANUAL)selectable.Maximum sensitivity can be set in AUTO mode.Standard sensitivity (NTSC:1/60 s, PAL:1/50 s) or 2 to 64 times.Electronic zoom Picturre quality adjustment menuLens mount Camera mount Operating conditions Storage conditions Anti-vibration Power supplyPower consumptionDimensions MassCompositionOptional accessoriesMax. magnification:4 timesAdjustment of each item and selection of each mode can be made, using menu screens.(1) Text display ON/OFF, text editable, display position settable (TOP or BOTTOM).(2)Level detection area selectable (3)Iris level adjustable (4)AGC ON/OFF (5)White balance (6)Shutter speed(7)Gamma correction ON/OFF (8)Video signal polarity selectable (9)Chroma level adjustable (10)Black level adjustable(11)Contour correction amaunt adjustable (12)Exposure time setting AUTO/MANUALMax. exposure time can ve set, up to 2 to 64 times in step by fields in AUTO mode.(13)Electronic zoomZoom ratio: Nomal to 4 times (Adjustable).C/CS mount (C-mount adaptor)Bottom: 1/4 ", 20UNCWith supplied tripod adaptor TA-231 needed -10 to +50 °C, 30 to 80 %RH -20 to +60 °C, 20 to 90 %RH 3G or lessU: 117 VAC ±10 %, 60 Hz, E/K:230 VAC ±10 %, 50 Hz KP-D591 U 6 W KP-D591 E/K 7 W KP-D28 U 4.5 W KP-D28 E/K 5.5 W64 (W)x63 (H)x122 (D)xmm (Excl. lens and protusions)KP-D591U 740 g KP-D591E 750 g KP-D591K 700 g KP-D28U 730 g KP-D28E 740 g KP-D28K 690 gCamera KP-D591/KP-D28Operation manual x 1Fuse x 1C-mount adaptor x 1 Lens plug(E4-191J-100)LensesRemote plug, HR10A-10P-12P(01)Effective pixels Total pixelsStandard ExposureHor.Vert.DNR: Digital Noise ReducerThe Specification are subject to change without notice for improvement.Head Office : 14-20,Higashi-Nakano 3-choume, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8511, Japan Phone : (03) 3368-6111, Fax : (03) 3365-9119International Operation's Division1, Kanda izumi-cho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 101-0024, Japan Phone : (03)5821-5311, Fax : (03) 5821-5394Beijing OfficeBeijing Fortune Building 5, Dong San Huan Bei-lu, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100029 China Phone : (10) 6590-8755/8756, Fax : (10) 6590-8757Hitachi Denshi America, Ltd.Headquarters and : 150 Crossways Park Drive, Woodbury, New York 11797, U. S. A.Northeast Office Phone : (516) 921-7200, Fax : (516) 496-3718West Office : 371 Van Ness Way, Suite 120 Torrance, CA. 90501, U. S. A.Phone : (310) 328-6116, Fax : (310) 328-6252Midwest Sales : Phone : (877) 326-8104, Fax : (516) 496-3718Service (734) 721-6180South Sales : Phone : (877) 326-8105, Fax : (516) 496-3718Service (678) 937-0201Parts Center : Phone : (516) 682-4435, Fax : (516) 921-0993Latin Sales : Phone : (516) 682-4420, Fax : (516) 496-3718Hitachi Denshi Canada, Ltd.Head Office : 1 Select Avenue Unit#14 Scarborough, Ontario M1V 5J3, Canada.Phone : (416) 299-5900, Fax : (416) 299-0450Eastern Office : 5795 Chemin St. Francois St. Laurent, Quebec H4S 1B6, CanadaPhone : (514) 332-6687, Fax : (514) 335-1664Ottawa Office : 9 Antares Drive, Nepean, Ontario, K2E 7V5, CanadaPhone : (613) 727-3930, Fax : (613) 825-4253Hitachi Denshi (Europa) GmbH Head Office : Wesikircher Straße 88, Jügesheim D-63110 Rodgau, GermanyPhone : (6106) 6992-0, Fax : (6106) 1690-6Hitachi Denshi (U. K.) Ltd.Head Office : 14 Garrick Industrial Centre, Irving Way, Hendon, London, NW96 AQ, United KingdomPhone : (181) 202-4311, Fax : (181) 202-2451Leeds Office : Brookfield House, Selby Road, Garforth, Leeds LS25 1NB United KingdomPhone : (113) 287-4400, Fax : (113) 287-4260。

SIA SmaartLive5的基本操作攻略

SIA SmaartLive5的基本操作攻略40%進代，在現場的SR 作業裡，總是會攜帶一些各人的裝備，如手提電腦或者是一些處理器啦，或是一些你善用的效果器。

早期，一般條件好些的硬體系統在架設完後，都會有一些校準的動作，當然會使用到一些儀測的設備，通常有的就是Gold Line，或是audio control 這類的頻譜分析儀，這些工具雖然只是簡單的LED 燈光排列顯示資訊，不過卻能給人信賴與放心。

最近看了一些朋友同行們，出門攜帶設備在旁的，幾乎是場場必見手提電腦，也大致上看了大家在使用的平台是什麼，不管大家用什麼東東出現在電腦裡，最重要的是它要能工作！而且是準確的，不是打開在那兒突顯自己控場子有用電腦哦！水準哦！好啦，回題...頻譜分析工具，它們的單位離不開分貝dB、音壓值SPL、等響加權，為何要介紹它呢？使用的環境國際化嘛，支援的廠商多嘛，還有它的前身就是JBL 那一套軟體，然後老闆們買得起。

SmaartLive 5 是一套雙通道，採用FFT 數學運算轉換為基礎的量測軟體，它可以即時分析音場頻譜設備，或是聲音檔案的相位、時間等工具，也可遙控調整有支援軟體的喇叭處理器，算是在數位軟體儀錶裡，屬於便宜又準確的東東。

註解：FFT ( Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅立葉轉換or 傅氏轉換)，法國數學、物理學家。

1768年3月21日生於歐塞爾，1830年5月16日卒於巴黎。

9歲父母雙亡，被當地教堂收養，12歲由一主教送入地方軍事學校讀書。

17歲(1785 ) 回鄉教數學，1794到巴黎，成為高等師範學校的首批學員，次年到巴黎綜合工科學校執教。

1798年隨拿破侖遠征埃及時任軍中文書和埃及研究院秘書，1801年回國後任伊澤爾省地方長官。

1817年當選為科學院院士，1822年任該院終身秘書，又任法蘭西學院終身秘書和理工科大學校務委員會主席。

主要貢獻是在研究熱的傳播時創立了一套數學理論。

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SELECTION OF ACTIVE NOISE CONTROL STRATEGY: TWO TEST CASES Jari Kataja Marko AntilaVTT Industrial SystemsP.O.Box 1307, 33101 Tampere, Finland jari.kataja@vtt.fiVTT Industrial SystemsP.O.Box 1307, 33101 Tampere, Finland marko.antila@vtt.fiABSTRACTActive noise control is a technique in which unwanted sound, noise, is cancelled by introducing controllable secondary sources. Active noise control is applied to various applications from active hearing protectors to active attenuation of aircraft cabin noise. In the selection of appropriate ANC strategy to an application, several aspects have to be considered. In this paper, selection of active noise control strategy and the implementation of the ANC systems in two test cases are presented and discussed. The first test case is active attenuation of a moving machinery cabin, while the other one is active improvement of sound insulation of a double-wall structure. Simulation and measurement results from these cases are evaluated and the selections of the strategy in each case are validated.1.INTRODUCTIONActive noise control is a technique in which unwanted sound, noise, is cancelled by introducing controllable secondary sources. The outputs of the secondary sources are arranged so that they interfere destructively with the noise from the primary source. The performance of an ANC system is monitored by error sensors that measure the residual noise. Active noise control works at low frequency range, typically from 20 Hz - 500 Hz, where passive methods become inefficient or expensive. Most efficient noise cancellation is usually achieved by the combination of active and passive methods.Active noise control is applied to various applications from active hearing protectors to active attenuation of aircraft cabin noise. In the selection of appropriate ANC strategy to an application, several aspects have to be considered. In this paper, selection of active noise control strategy and the implementation of the ANC systems in two test cases are presented and discussed. The first test case is active attenuation of a moving machinery cabin, while the other one is active improvement of sound insulation of a double-wall structure.2.SELECTION OF CONTROL STRATEGYThe selection process is started by characterization of the primary noise and defining the disturbing frequencies. Beside the absolute noise levels, psychoacoustic phenomena should also be taken into consideration. In many cases, there are annoying tonal components whose level is considerably higher than the basic noise level. The targets for the ANC system are affected by the physical limitations of the given application. These limitations can be studied using analytical models and simulations.After the targets and requirements for the ANC system are set, the optimum performance of the ANC system can be simulated under ideal conditions. In the simulation, measurement data obtained from the physical system can be used and different control methods can be considered. Fundamental issues in choosing the control methods are the physical control strategy and the control approach [1], [2]. The performance of the system can be analyzed using techniques presented in [3]. It gives a generic methodology for examining an ANC system with practical constraints and performance limitations.Joint Baltic-Nordic Acoustics Meeting 2004, 8-10 June 2004, Mariehamn, Åland BNAM2004-1A critical point of an ANC system is the placement of the transducers including secondary sources and reference and error sensors. The number and location of the transducers depend on the selected approach. Several optimization methods have been applied for choosing the transducer locations [1], [4].Finally, the control system is implemented using appropriate hardware. The core of the system is the signal processing unit which produces the output signal of the ANC system based on the input signals. Depending on the application, it can be as simple as an analogue filter or a complex digital signal processing system. In addition, digital systems also require anti-aliasing and reconstruction filters and data converters. After the control system has been implemented, the ANC system can be constructed and evaluated. The selection process is illustrated in Figure 1. In real life, steps of the process are typically done recursively. [1]Figure 1. Flow chart of the selection process.3.SELECTION OF ACTIVE NOISE CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR THE TEST CASES3.1.Test case 1: Moving machinery cabinThe first test case is a moving machinery cabin which is a three-dimensional enclosure and there are several primary sources radiating noise into it. Such sources include the engine, ventilation and hydraulics. The tonal components that are relative to the engine speed sound particularly disturbing. The strategy is to produce "silent zones" around the driver's ears. A multichannel ANC system with at least two secondary sources and error sensors is required to obtain an adequate silent zone around the driver's ears.Adaptive feedforward control approach is chosen since the cancelled noise components are relative to the engine speed and a tachometer reference can be obtained. The pulse train obtained from the tachometer must be Joint Baltic-Nordic Acoustics Meeting 2004, 8-10 June 2004, Mariehamn, Åland BNAM2004-2further processed to produce a reference signal containing the cancelled frequencies. The multichannel control system with multiple sine wave generators requires a remarkable amount of computation. A DSP is thus used as the control system hardware. A block diagram of the ANC system is shown in Figure 2. The adaptation algorithm is filtered-x LMS (FXLMS) which modifies the coefficients of the adaptive filters based on the error signal and the reference signal filtered by the plant model.Figure 2. Block diagram of the adaptive feedforward ANC system.The system was first simulated using Matlab/Simulink. According to the simulations, periodic components can be totally cancelled using the adaptive feedforward control approach. The system was then implemented and tested in a real moving machinery cabin. The audio loudspeakers were used as the secondary sources and the error sensors were two electret microphones located near the driver's head.3.2.Test case 2: Active sound insulation system for a double-wall structureThe second test case is a double-wall structure whose sound insulation is improved by active means. In this case, low-frequency broadband noise is desired to be attenuated. The strategy is to increase the transmission loss of a structure containing passive material and the transducers of the active system. Both the secondary source and the error sensor are flat panel loudspeakers that can be used either as actuators or sensors.Since a reference signal is typically not available, feedback control approach is chosen. In feedback systems, the delay of the control loop is critical and has a clear influence on the bandwidth of the ANC system. In analogue control, the delay is smaller compared to digital systems. A single-channel analogue feedback control system is thus chosen (see Figure 3). The control filter is implemented using second-order biquad filters.Figure 3. Block diagram of the analogue feedback ANC system.The test system consisted of a plastic plate, the secondary source panel and the error sensor panel. Between them, porous material was installed to make the secondary-path transfer function less resonant. The control filter was designed using Matlab and implemented with digitally-controlled analogue biquad filters. For testing, the ANC system was installed in an opening between a sending room and a semi-anechoic laboratory.Joint Baltic-Nordic Acoustics Meeting 2004, 8-10 June 2004, Mariehamn, Åland BNAM2004-34.RESULTSIn the first test case, the primary noise consisted of real moving machinery noise in which two periodic components were artificially added. The frequencies of the periodic components modeling noise caused by ventilation and hydraulics were 170 Hz and 184 Hz. The measurements were done using binaural microphones attached to a head of a dummy sitting at the driver's seat. The sound pressure levels were measured in five microphone pair locations with and without control and the attenuations were calculated. The distance between each measurement point pair was 0.06 m. The results are summarized in Figure 4 and Figure 5. They show that periodic noise is attenuated at all positions except position 4 at which the 170 Hz component is slightly amplified at the left microphone.Figure 4. Attenuation at 170 Hz at different microphone pair positions.Figure 5. Attenuation at 184 Hz at different microphone pair positions.The active sound insulatio system was tested with bandlimited noise. In Figure 6, a measurement result with 200-600 Hz bandlimited noise is shown . It indicates that noise reduction up to 10 dB is achieved at 200-400 Hz at the receiving side of the system. Noise is amplified at 450-1000 Hz due to waterbed effect inherent in feedback systems. Passive sound insulation becomes effective above 250 Hz, however, and the amplification has only a slight influence on the total noise level.Joint Baltic-Nordic Acoustics Meeting 2004, 8-10 June 2004, Mariehamn, Åland BNAM2004-4Figure 6. Measurement results with 200-600 Hz bandlimited noise.5.RESULT ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONSSelection of active noise control strategy for two test cases was presented. In the first test case, active noise control in a moving machinery cabin, adaptive feedforward control approach with sinusoidal reference was used. The results showed that tonal noise components are attenuated around driver's ears. The second test case was active improvement of sound insulation of a double-wall structure. The system was based on analogue feedback control. Measurement results indicated that low-frequency noise was noticeably attenuated and slight amplification above the attenuated frequency band occurred.In both test cases, targets for the active noise control system were achieved. In the second test case, noise amplification could be avoided by selecting feedforward control approach instead of feedback. A reference sensor would then be required at the sending side of the system.6.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe presented research work has been partly done in the HILMA-project. HILMA-project was funded by Työsuojelurahasto (The Finnish Work Environment Fund), Valtra, Lännen Engineering and Vilakone.7.REFERENCES[1]Elliott, S., Signal Processing for Active Control, Academic Press, London, 2001.[2]Curtis, A.R.D, "A methodology for the design of feedback control systems for the active control of soundand vibration", Proc. ACTIVE '97, Budapest, Hungary, Aug. 21-23, 1997, 851-860.[3]Morgan, D.R., "A hierarchy of performance analysis techniques for adaptive active control of sound andvibration", J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 89(5): 2362-2369, 1991.[4]Sergent, P., "Optimal placement of sources for active noise control", Acta acustica 3: 47-57, 1995.Joint Baltic-Nordic Acoustics Meeting 2004, 8-10 June 2004, Mariehamn, Åland BNAM2004-5。