事件结构隐喻论文：事件结构隐喻在英汉股市分析中对比的研究

事件结构隐喻论文：事件结构隐喻在英汉股市分析中的对比研究【中文摘要】Lakoff和Johnson的《我们赖以生存的隐喻》开创了隐喻研究的新纪元。

隐喻研究的重大意义在于它能够揭示语言与思维之间的关系。

自此Lakoff等人不断丰富概念隐喻研究,并于1993年提出了事件结构隐喻。

他认为,事件结构概念是哲学中的核心概念。

事件结构的各个方面,如状态、变化、过程、行动、事因、和方法等都可以被隐喻为空间、力和运动。

随着经济的高速发展,财经报道中的隐喻研究日渐增多,然而针对股票市场中的事件结构隐喻所做的系统研究还尚属空白。

为进一步丰富事件结构隐喻研究,本文选择了能够充分反映事件结构概念的股票市场分析为语料,以此来探究事件结构隐喻在英汉两种语言中的使用状况。

本文主要回答了如下三个问题:(1)事件结构隐喻在英汉股市分析中是如何体现的?(2)事件结构隐喻在英汉语料库中的思维推理方面存在哪些差异?(3)以股票市场分析为例,事件结构隐喻是怎样揭示语言与思维之间关系的?本文共包括五个部分,除引言和结论部分之外,另有三章。

第二章为文献综述,对当代隐喻理论中的概念隐喻和事件结构隐喻研究做以综述,并对当前经济领域中的概念隐喻研究进行概述。

第三章为方法论部分,介绍语料搜集、分类的过程和研究的方法及步骤。

第四章是文章的语料分析和讨论部分,探讨事件结构隐喻的普遍性和文化相对性,并在此基础之上对语言和思维之间的关系作以总结。

本研究选择了国内外两个专业的股票市场分析网站,即和,选取了2009年9月14日至18日共5个交易日的股票市场分析为语料,建立了完整的封闭语料库。

通过定量分析和定性分析后发现,事件结构隐喻在概念层次上具有极大的相似性,即事件结构的各个方面都被隐喻为空间、力和运动。

这证明了事件结构隐喻是普遍存在于汉语中的一种认知方式,具有普遍性的特点。

这种相似性源自于人们与世界互动过程中所获得的体验。

然而,事件结构隐喻在语言表达层面上存在着差异性,这主要体现状态、变化和困难方面。

这说明了英汉语言在这些概念上存在思维推理上的差别,这是由于人们在不同的文化背景下所获得的文化体验具有相对性。

另外,本研究尝试从事件结构隐喻表达和事件结构隐喻思维之间的关系来回答语言与思维之间的关系。

语言是思维的载体,语言决定思维的深度和广度。

这个层面的语言概念是宏观的,抽象的。

从层级隐喻系统看,事件结构隐喻思维决定隐喻的语言表达如词汇、短语、句子的选择。

这里的语言概念是微观的、具体的。

另外,股市分析中的事件概念都是通过事件结构隐喻来理解的,它是人们理解股市概念的主要认知方式,这对英语教学,特别是特殊英语教学有参考价值。

【英文摘要】Metaphors We Live By opens up a new era of studying metaphor from a cognitive perspective. The significance of studying metaphor via metaphorical expressions is to reveal the relationship between language and thought. Since then, Lakoff and others continuously improve ConceptualMetaphor Theory. In 1993, he proposed Event Structure Metaphor (ESM). He believes that there is no concept more central to philosophy than events, called event structure concepts. Different aspects of event structure, including notions like states, changes, processes, actions, causes, purposes and means, are comprehended via a small set of physical concepts: location, force, and movement.With the rapid development of economy, the study of conceptual metaphors in financial reports is rising. However, the study on ESM in stock market is still blank. In order to develop and enrich the study of ESM, the author takes stock market analysis in English and Chinese as corpora that reflect event structure concepts to investigate the situation of ESM in stock market analysis. This thesis aims to answer the following three questions: (i) How is ESM reflected in English and Chinese stock market? (ii) What is the variation of ESM as an inference pattern between ESC and CSC? (iii) How does ESM reveal the relationship between language and thought?The thesis consists of five parts. Apart from the first chapter introduction and the last chapter conclusion, it includes another three parts. Chapter two is a review of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, ESM, and previous studies on ESM and metaphorical studies in stock market. Chapter three ismethodology, which introduces corpus building, data collection and data analysis. Chapter four is results and discussion, which analyzes ESM at the level of concept and of linguistic expressions, trying to figure out similarities and differences of ESM between ESC and CSC. In addition, the relationship between language and thought has been summarized.This study is based on complete and closed corpora. All data were collected from two websites which are expert at stock market analysis, that is, and . These corpora include 5 sessions from Sept. 14 to Sept. 18, in 2009. On the one hand, through quantitative and qualitative analysis, it finds out that English and Chinese share high degree of similarity at the conceptual level, that is, all aspects of events are conceptualized in terms of location, force and movement. It proves that ESM exists in Chinese as a universal cognitive device. The similarity of ESM is based on the same experience shared by both English and Chinese speakers in the process of interacting with physical environment. On the other hand, they differ quite a lot at the linguistic level, mainly reflected in these aspects such as states, changes and difficulties. It suggests that there are differences on reasoning between English and Chinese, caused by differentcultural experience. In addition, this study tries to reveal the relationship between language and thought from the relationship between metaphorical expressions of ESM and ESM. Language is the carrier of thought, and determines the depth and breadth of thinking. The conception of language at this point is macro and abstract. However, as to the hierarchical system of metaphor, ESM determines the metaphorical expressions for ESM, such as the selection of a word, phrase or sentence. In this sense, metaphorical thought determines language. Here the conception of language is micro and concrete. In addition, all event structure concepts in stock market analysis are conceptulized in terms of ESM. This study hopes to provide evidence for English teaching, especially, English for Special Purpose (ESP) teaching.【关键词】事件结构隐喻映射股票市场分析【英文关键词】ESM Mapping Stock Market Analysis【目录】事件结构隐喻在英汉股市分析中的对比研究摘要5-7Abstract7-8 1 Introduction11-14 1.1 Motivationof This Study and Research Questions11 1.2 Objectives of the Study11-12 1.3 Significance of the Study12-13 1.4 Layout of the Thesis13-14 2 Literature Review14-27 2.1 A GeneralSurvey of Studies on Metaphor from the Cognitive Perspective14-16 2.1.1 Conceptual MetaphorTheory14-15 2.1.2 Blending Theory15-16 2.2 A Review of Event Structure Metaphor (ESM)16-20 2.2.1 ESM as One of Two Larger Metaphor Systems16-17 2.2.2 The Structure ofESM17-18 2.2.3 Features of ESM18-20 2.3 Previous Studies20-23 2.3.1 Previous Studies on ESM20-21 2.3.2 Previous Studies on Metaphor in Stock MarketAnalysis21-23 2.4 Theoretical Framework of ThisStudy23-27 2.4.1 Philosophical Basis of This Study—Experientialism23-24 2.4.2 Cognitive Basis of ThisStudy24-27 3 Methodology27-30 3.1 Data27-28 3.1.1 Data Description27 3.1.2 Data Collection27-28 3.2 Research Methodology28-30 3.2.1 QuantitativeAnalysis28-29 3.2.2 Qualitative Analysis29-30 4 Results and Discussion30-61 4.1 The Universality of ESM Both in English and Chinese30-45 4.1.1 The Location-Dual ofESM31-42 4.1.2 The Object-Dual of ESM42-45 4.1.3 Summary45 4.2 Image Schematic Experience Shared by English and Chinese Speakers45-50 4.2.1 UP-DOWNSchema46-48 4.2.2 SOURCE-PATH-GOAL Schema48 4.2.3 CONTAINER Schema48-49 4.2.4 BALANCE Schema49-50 4.2.5SPREAD-OUT Schema50 4.3 Variations of ESM in ESC and CSC50-57 4.3.1 Variations of STATES51-52 4.3.2 Variations of CHANGES52-55 4.3.3 Variations of DIFFICULTIES55-57 4.4 Philosophical Enlightenment of ESM in Stock Market Analysis57-61 4.4.1 The Nature ofESM57 4.4.2 Metaphorical Expression and Metaphor—Language and Thought57-58 4.4.3 The Duality Feature of ESM in ESC and CSC58-59 4.4.4 The Hierarchical Feature of ESM in ESC and CSC59-61 5 Conclusions61-64 5.1 MajorFindings61-62 5.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research62 5.3 Implications for LanguageTeaching62-64 5.3.1 Implications for EnglishTeaching62-63 5.3.2 Implications forESP63-64References64-66Appendix66-82Acknowledgem ents82。