AIIB亚投行英文简介PPT精选文档
美联英语短新闻 亚投行的全球抱负
小编给你一个美联英语官方免费试听课申请链接：/test/waijiao.aspx?tid=16-73675-0美联英语提供：英语短新闻亚投行的全球抱负The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is a newcomer with big ambitions. The Chinese-led institution cannot only already lend up to $250bn for infrastructure and other projects. It also wants to expand into a global body to rival long-established multilateral lenders.亚洲基础设施投资银行（AIIB，中文简称“亚投行”）是一个有着很大抱负的新机构。
这个由中国主导的机构不仅能为基础设施及其他项目提供多达2500亿美元贷款，它还希望扩展成一个全球机构，与那些历史悠久的多边金融机构一争高低。
At the same time, it is trying to cultivate a distinctive modus operandi. Unlike the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), it has no overarching objective to reduce poverty. China is also set to surrender its de facto veto power over the bank’s significant decisions but hopes to burnish its reputation with a new philosophy on development finance.同时，亚投行还在力求建立一种独特的办事方式。
亚投行英语介绍
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a proposed international financial institution which is focused on supporting infrastructure construction in the Asia-Pacific region. The bank was proposed as an initiative by the government of China[4] and supported by 37 regional and 20 non-regional members Prospective Founding Members, 51 of which have signed the Articles of Agreement that form the legal basis for the proposed bank. The bank starts operation after the agreement enters into force, which requires 10 ratifications, holding a total number of 50% of the initial subscritions of the Autorized Capital Stock. Countries with a large GDP that did not become PFM are the US, Japan (which dominated the ADB) and Canada.AIIB is regarded by some as a rival for the IMF, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB),[5] which are regarded as dominated by developed countries like the United States.[5] The United Nations has addressed the launch of AIIB as "scaling up financing for sustainable development"[6] for the concern of Global Economic Governance.[7]The bank was proposed by China in 2013[8] and the initiative launched at a ceremony in Beijing in October 2014.[9] The Articles of Agreement (AOA) were signed by 50 PFMs on 29 June 2015, which become a party to the agreement through ratification. As of July 2015, 1 state (Myanmar) has ratified the agreement.[1]History[edit]The first news reports about the AIIB appeared in October 2013.[10] The Chinese government has been frustrated with what it regards as the slow pace of reforms and governance, and wants greater input in global established institutions like the IMF, World Bank and Asian Development Bank which it claims are dominated by American, European and Japanese interests.[5]In April 2014, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered a keynote speech at the opening of the Boao Forum for Asia and said that China was ready to intensify consultations with relevant parties in and outside Asia on the preparations for the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.[11] The Asian Development Bank Institute published a report in 2010 which said that the region requires $8 trillion to be invested from 2010 to 2020 in infrastructure for the region to continue economic development.[5][12] In a 2014 editorial, The Guardian newspaper wrote that the new bank could allow Chinese capital to finance these projects and allow it a greater role to play in the economic development of the region commensurate with its growing economic and political clout.[13] But until March 2015, China in the ADB has only 5.47 percent voting right, while Japan and US have a combined 26 percent voting right (13 percent each) with a share in subscribed capital of 15.7 percent and 15.6 percent, respectively. Dominance by both countries and slow reforms underlie China's wish to establish the AIIB, while both countries worry about China's increasing influence.[14]In June 2014 China proposed doubling the registered capital of the bank from $50 billion to $100 billion and invited India to participate in the founding of the bank.[15][16] On 24 October 2014, twenty-one countries signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) regarding the AIIB inBeijing, China: Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, China India, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Mongolia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Uzbekistan and Vietnam.[17] Indonesia's joining was slightly delayed due to their new presidential administration not being able to review the membership in time.[18] Indonesia signed the MOU on 25 November 2014.The U.S. allegedly tried to keep Australia and South Korea from becoming prospective founding members, after they expressed an interest in it.[19] However, both Australia and South Korea applied to join the bank in March 2015.[20][21][22]Hong Kong's Financial SecretaryJohn Tsang announced in his budget speech in February 2015 that the territory would join the AIIB.[23] It did however not become one of the prospective founding members and negotiated as part of the Chinese delegation.In early March 2015, the United Kingdom's Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, announced that the UK had decided to apply to join the Bank, becoming the first major Western country to do so. The announcement was criticised by the U.S. Obama Administration. A US government official told Financial Times, "We are wary about a trend toward constant accommodation of China, which is not the best way to engage a rising power." The official further stated that the British decision was taken after "no consultation with the US."[24] In response, the UK indicated that the subject had been discussed between Chancellor Osborne and US Treasury Secretary Jack Lew for several months preceding the decision. It was further stated that joining the bank as a founding member would allow the UK to influence the development of the institution. By encouraging Chinese investments in the next generations of nuclear power plants, Osborne announced that "the City of London would become the base for the first clearing house for the yuan outside Asia."[25]Following the criticism, the White House National Security Council, in a statement to The Guardian, declared, "Our position on the AIIB remains clear and consistent. The United States and many major global economies all agree there is a pressing need to enhance infrastructure investment around the world. We believe any new multilateral institution should incorporate the high standards of the World Bank and the regional development banks. Based on many discussions, we have concerns about whether the AIIB will meet these high standards, particularly related to governance, and environmental and social safeguards … The international community has a stake in seeing the AIIB complement the existing architecture, and to work effectively alongside the World Bank and Asian Development Bank."[26]Three other European states: Germany, France and Italy – followed the UK's decision to join the AIIB in March. German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble stated, "We want to contribute our long-standing experience with international financial institutions to the creation of the new bank by setting high standards and helping the bank to get a high international reputation."[27] In March 2015, the South Korean Ministry of Strategy and Finance announced that it, too, is planning to join the AIIB, citing its potential in benefiting South Korean companies win deals in infrastructural projects as well expanding South Korea's influence in international banking as a founding member.[28] States could indicate their interest in becoming a Prospective Founding Member until 31 March 2015.Negotiations took place in the framework of 5 Chief Negotiators Meetings (CNMs) which took place between November 2014 and May 2015. The Articles of Agreement, the legal framework of the proposed bank, were concluded in the fifth CNM. It was signed on 29 June 2015 by 50 of the named 57 prospective founding members in Beijing.AIIB within PRC policy thinking[edit]Fostering LT economic development[edit]The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank can be construed as a natural inter-national extension of the infrastructure-driven economic development framework that has sustained the rapid economic growth of China since the adoption of the Chinese economic reform under chairman Deng Xiaoping. It stems from the notion that long-term economic growth can only be achieved through massive, systematic, and broad-based investments in infrastructure assets – in contrast with the more short-term "export-driven" and "domestic consumption" development models favored by mainstream Neoclassical economists and pursued inconsiderately by many developing countries in the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century with generally disappointing results.[29][30]Infrastructure as regional integration and foreign policy tool[edit]In his 29 March 2015 speech at the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) annual conference, President Xi Jinping insisted that "the Chinese economy is deeply integrated with the global economy and forms an important driving force of the economy of Asi a and even the world at large. […] China's investment opportunities are expanding. Investment opportunities in infrastructure connectivity as well as in new technologies, new products, new business patterns, and new business models are constantly springing up. […] China's foreign cooperation opportunities are expanding. We support the multilateral trading system, devote ourselves to the Doha Round negotiations, advocate the Asia-Pacific free trade zone, promote negotiations on regional comprehensive economic partnership, advocate the construction of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), boost economic and financial cooperation in an all-round manner, and work as an active promoter of economic globalization and regional integration", insisting that the Silk Road Fund and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank would foster "economic connectivity and a new-type of industrialization [in the Asia Pacific area], and [thus] promote the common development of all countries as well as the peoples' joint enjoyment of development fruits".[31]Legal basis and MembershipThe Articles of Agreement will form the legal basis for the Bank. 57 Prospective Founding Members (PFM) named in annex A of the agreement are eligible to sign and ratify the Articles, thus becoming a member of the Bank. Other states, which are parties to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or the Asian Development Bank may become members after approval of their accession by the bank.[32]The Articles were negotiated by the Prospective Founding Members, with Hong Kong joining the negotiations via China.[33][34]Founding Members[edit]The 57 Prospective Founding Members can become Founding Members through: ∙Signing the Articles of Agreement in 2015∙Ratifying the Articles of Agreement in 2015 or 2016As of July 2015, 50 states have signed the Articles, one of which has ratified them. Seven countries that signed the founding charter did not sign the Article of Agreement on 29 June.[35][36] The formal actions towards becoming a Founding Member are shown below, as well as the percentage of the votes and of the shares, in the event all prospective founding states become parties, and no other members are accepted.。
2016年亚投行英语演讲
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China's Infrastructure Investment Bank
• The Beijing-based bank is said to be the rival bank for World Bank, IMF and Asian Development Bank. • Analysts have observed that Chinese government seemed dissatisfied with the vast western influences of developed economies, which could have been a reason for its slow growth and relaxed reforms and governance.
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Countries Rushing to Join AIIB
• Of the world's major economies, only the United States, Japan and Canada have not declared their intention to join the AIIB, though they could apply at the last minute or join later as ordinary members.
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How to Get the Rating of AAA for AIIB
• But on the other hand, as a new MDB, AIIB lack of operational experience and corresponding projects, these will have adverse effects for the credit ratings of AIIB. Although we are unable to ensure that AIIB can get AAA rating, it’s important and necessary to try to get AAA rating by strengthening the strong points and correcting the weaknesses.
亚投行
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Articles of AgreementThe countries on whose behalf the present Agreement is signed agree as follows:CONSIDERING the importance of regional cooperation to sustain growth and promote economic and social development of the economies in Asia and thereby contribute to regional resilience against potential financial crises and other external shocks in the context of globalization;ACKNOWLEDGING the significance of infrastructure development in expanding regional connectivity and improving regional integration, thereby promoting economic growth and sustaining social development for the people in Asia, and contributing to global economic dynamism;REALIZING that the considerable long-term need for financing infrastructure development in Asia will be met more adequately by a partnership among existing multilateral development banks and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (hereinafter referred to as the “Bank”);CONVINCED that the establishment of the Bank as a multilateral financial institution focused on infrastructure development will help to mobilize much needed additional resources from inside and outside Asia and to remove the financing bottlenecks faced by the individual economies in Asia, and will complement the existing multilateral development banks, to promote sustained and stable growth in Asia;HAVE AGREED to establish the Bank, which shall operate in accordance with the following:Chapter IPURPOSE, FUNCTIONS AND MEMBERSHIPArticle 1 Purpose1.The purpose of the Bank shall be to: (i) foster sustainable economic development, create wealth and improve infrastructure connectivity in Asia by investing in infrastructure and other productive sectors; and (ii) promote regional cooperation and partnership in addressing development challenges by working in close collaboration with other multilateral and bilateral development institutions.2.Wherever used in this Agreement, references to “Asia” and “region” shall include the geographical regions and composition classified as Asia and Oceania by the United Nations, except as otherwise decided by the Board of Governors. Article 2 FunctionsTo implement its purpose, the Bank shall have the following functions: (i)to promote investment in the region of public and private capital fordevelopment purposes, in particular for development of infrastructure and other productive sectors;(ii)to utilize the resources at its disposal for financing such development in the region, including those projects and programs which will contributemost effectively to the harmonious economic growth of the region as awhole and having special regard to the needs of less developed membersin the region;(iii)to encourage private investment in projects, enterprises and activities contributing to economic development in the region, in particular ininfrastructure and other productive sectors, and to supplement privateinvestment when private capital is not available on reasonable terms andconditions; and(iv)to undertake such other activities and provide such other services as may further these functions.Article 3 Membership1.Membership in the Bank shall be open to members of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or the Asian Development Bank.(a)Regional members shall be those members listed in Part A ofSchedule A and other members included in the Asia region inaccordance with paragraph 2 of Article 1. All other members shallbe non-regional members.(b)Founding Members shall be those members listed in Schedule Awhich, on or before the date specified in Article 57, shall have signedthis Agreement and shall have fulfilled all other conditions ofmembership before the final date specified under paragraph 1 ofArticle 58.2.Members of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or the Asian Development Bank which do not become members in accordance with Article 58 may be admitted, under such terms and conditions as the Bank shall determine, to membership in the Bank by a Special Majority vote of the Board of Governors as provided in Article 28.3.In the case of an applicant which is not sovereign or not responsible for the conduct of its international relations, application for membership in the Bank shall be presented or agreed by the member of the Bank responsible for its international relations.CHAPTER IICAPITALArticle 4 Authorized Capital1.The authorized capital stock of the Bank shall be one hundred billion United States dollars ($100,000,000,000), divided into one million (1,000,000) shares having a par value of 100,000 dollars ($100,000) each, which shall be available for subscription only by members in accordance with the provisions of Article 5.2.The original authorized capital stock shall be divided into paid-in shares and callable shares. Shares having an aggregate par value of twenty billion dollars ($20,000,000,000) shall be paid-in shares, and shares having an aggregate par value of eighty billion dollars ($80,000,000,000) shall be callable.3.The authorized capital stock of the Bank may be increased by the Board of Governors by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28, at such time and under such terms and conditions as it may deem advisable, including the proportion between paid-in and callable shares.4.The term “dollar” and the symbol “$” wherever used in this Agreement shall be understood as being the official currency of payment of the United States of America.Article 5 Subscription of Shares1.Each member shall subscribe to shares of the capital stock of the Bank. Each subscription to the original authorized capital stock shall be for paid-in shares and callable shares in the proportion two (2) to eight (8). The initial number of shares available to be subscribed by countries which become members in accordance with Article 58 shall be that set forth in Schedule A.2.The initial number of shares to be subscribed by countries which are admitted to membership in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 3 shall be determined by the Board of Governors; provided, however, that no such subscription shall be authorized which would have the effect of reducing the percentage of capital stock held by regional members below seventy-five (75) per cent of the total subscribed capital stock, unless otherwise agreed by the Board of Governors by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28.3.The Board of Governors may, at the request of a member, increase the subscription of such member on such terms and conditions as the Board may determine by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28; provided, however, that no such increase in the subscription of any member shall be authorized which would have the effect of reducing the percentage of capital stock held by regional members below seventy-five (75) per cent of the total subscribed capital stock, unless otherwise agreed by the Board of Governors by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28.4.The Board of Governors shall at intervals of not more than five (5) years review the capital stock of the Bank. In case of an increase in the authorized capital stock, each member shall have a reasonable opportunity to subscribe, under such terms and conditions as the Board of Governors shall determine, to a proportion of the increase of stock equivalent to the proportion which its stock theretofore subscribed bears to the total subscribed capital stock immediately prior to such increase. No member shall be obligated to subscribe to any part of an increase of capital stock.Article 6 Payment of Subscriptions1.Payment of the amount initially subscribed by each Signatory to this Agreement which becomes a member in accordance with Article 58 to the paid- in capital stock of the Bank shall be made in five (5) installments, of twenty (20) per cent each of such amount, except as provided in paragraph 5 of this Article. The first installment shall be paid by each member within thirty (30) days after entry into force of this Agreement, or on or before the date of deposit on its behalf of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 58, whichever is later. The second installment shall become due one (1) year from the entry into force of this Agreement. The remaining three (3) installments shall become due successively one (1) year from the date on which the preceding installment becomes due.2.Each installment of the payment of initial subscriptions to the original paid- in capital stock shall be paid in dollars or other convertible currency, except as provided in paragraph 5 of this Article. The Bank may at any time convert such payments into dollars. All rights, including voting rights, acquired in respect of paid-in and associated callable shares for which such payments are due but have not been received shall be suspended until full payment is received by the Bank.3.Payment of the amount subscribed to the callable capital stock of the Bank shall be subject to call only as and when required by the Bank to meet its liabilities. In the event of such a call, payment may be made at the option of the member in dollars or in the currency required to discharge the obligations of the Bank for the purpose of which the call is made. Calls on unpaid subscriptions shall be uniform in percentage on all callable shares.4.The Bank shall determine the place for any payment under this Article, provided that, until the inaugural meeting of the Board of Governors, the payment of the first installment referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be made to the Government of the People’s Republic of China, as Trustee for the Bank.5. A member considered as a less developed country for purposes of this paragraph may pay its subscription under paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, as an alternative, either:(a)entirely in dollars or other convertible currency in up to ten (10)installments, with each such installment equal to ten (10) percent ofthe total amount, the first and second installments due as providedin paragraph 1, and the third through tenth installments due on thesecond and subsequent anniversary dates of the entry into force ofthis Agreement; or(b)with a portion in dollars or other convertible currency and a portionof up to fifty (50) per cent of each installment in the currency of themember, following the schedule of installments provided inparagraph 1 of this Article. The following provisions shall apply topayments under this sub-paragraph (b):(i)The member shall advise the Bank at the time of subscriptionunder paragraph 1 of this Article of the proportion ofpayments to be made in its own currency.(ii)Each payment of a member in its own currency under this paragraph 5 shall be in such amount as the Bank determinesto be equivalent to the full value in terms of dollars of theportion of the subscription being paid. The initial paymentshall be in such amount as the member considers appropriatehereunder but shall be subject to such adjustment, to beeffected within ninety (90) days of the date on which suchpayment was due, as the Bank shall determine to be necessaryto constitute the full dollar equivalent of such payment.(iii)Whenever in the opinion of the Bank, the foreign exchange value of a member's currency has depreciated to a significantextent, that member shall pay to the Bank within a reasonabletime an additional amount of its currency required to maintainthe value of all such currency held by the Bank on account ofits subscription.(iv)Whenever in the opinion of the Bank, the foreign exchange value of a member's currency has appreciated to a significantextent, the Bank shall pay to that member within a reasonabletime an amount of that currency required to adjust the valueof all such currency held by the Bank on account of itssubscription.(v)The Bank may waive its rights to payment under sub- paragraph (iii) and the member may waive its rights topayment under sub-paragraph (iv).6.The Bank shall accept from any member paying its subscription under sub- paragraph 5 (b) of this Article promissory notes or other obligations issued by the Government of the member, or by the depository designated by such member, in lieu of the amount to be paid in the currency of the member, provided such amount is not required by the Bank for the conduct of its operations. Such notes or obligations shall be non-negotiable, non-interest-bearing, and payable to the Bank at par value upon demand.Article 7 Terms of Shares1.Shares of stock initially subscribed by members shall be issued at par. Other shares shall be issued at par unless the Board of Governors by a Special Majority vote as provided in Article 28 decides in special circumstances to issue them on other terms.2.Shares of stock shall not be pledged or encumbered in any manner whatsoever, and they shall be transferable only to the Bank.3.The liability of the members on shares shall be limited to the unpaid portion of their issue price.4.No member shall be liable, by reason of its membership, for obligations of the Bank.Article 8 Ordinary ResourcesAs used in this Agreement, the term "ordinary resources" of the Bank shall include the following:(i)authorized capital stock of the Bank, including both paid-in and callableshares, subscribed pursuant to Article 5;(ii)funds raised by the Bank by virtue of powers conferred by paragraph 1 of Article 16, to which the commitment to calls provided for in paragraph 3 of Article 6 is applicable;(iii)funds received in repayment of loans or guarantees made with the resources indicated in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) of this Article or as returns on equity investments and other types of financing approved under sub-paragraph 2 (vi) of Article 11 made with such resources;(iv)income derived from loans made from the aforementioned funds or from guarantees to which the commitment to calls set forth in paragraph 3 of Article 6 is applicable; and(v)any other funds or income received by the Bank which do not form part of its Special Funds resources referred to in Article 17 of this Agreement.CHAPTER IIIOPERATIONS OF THE BANKArticle 9 Use of ResourcesThe resources and facilities of the Bank shall be used exclusively to implement the purpose and functions set forth, respectively, in Articles 1 and 2, and in accordance with sound banking principles.Article 10 Ordinary and Special Operations1.The operations of the Bank shall consist of:(i)ordinary operations financed from the ordinary resources of the Bank,referred to in Article 8; and(ii)special operations financed from the Special Funds resources referred to in Article 17.The two types of operations may separately finance elements of the same project or program.2.The ordinary resources and the Special Funds resources of the Bank shall at all times and in all respects be held, used, committed, invested or otherwise disposed of entirely separately from each other. The financial statements of the Bank shall show the ordinary operations and special operations s eparately.3.The ordinary resources of the Bank shall, under no circumstances, be charged with, or used to discharge, losses or liabilities arising out of special operations or other activities for which Special Funds resources were originally used or committed.4.Expenses appertaining directly to ordinary operations shall be charged to the ordinary resources of the Bank. Expenses appertaining directly to special operations shall be charged to the Special Funds resources. Any other expenses shall be charged as the Bank shall determine.Article 11 Recipients and Methods of Operation1.(a) The Bank may provide or facilitate financing to any member, or any agency, instrumentality or political subdivision thereof, or any entity or enterprise operating in the territory of a member, as well as to international or regional agencies or entities concerned with economic development of the region.(b) The Bank may, in special circumstances, provide assistance to a recipient not listed in sub-paragraph (a) above only if the Board of Governors, by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28: (i) shall have determined that such assistance is designed to serve the purpose and come within the functions of the Bank and is in the interest of the Bank’s membership; and (ii) shall have specified the types of assistance under paragraph 2 of this Article that may be provided to such recipient.2.The Bank may carry out its operations in any of the following ways:(i)by making, co-financing or participating in direct loans;(ii)by investment of funds in the equity capital of an institution or e nterprise; (iii)by guaranteeing, whether as primary or secondary obligor, in whole or in part, loans for economic development;(iv)by deploying Special Funds resources in accordance with the agreements determining their use;(v)by providing technical assistance in accordance with Article 15; or (vi)through other types of financing as may be determined by the Board of Governors, by a Special Majority vote as provided in Article 28.Article 12 Limitations on Ordinary Operations1.The total amount outstanding of loans, equity investments, guarantees and other types of financing provided by the Bank in its ordinary operations under sub-paragraphs 2 (i), (ii), (iii) and (vi) of Article 11 shall not at any time be increased, if by such increase the total amount of its unimpaired subscribed capital, reserves and retained earnings included in its ordinary resources would be exceeded. Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding sentence, the Board of Governors may, by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28, deter mine at any time that, based on the Bank’s financial position and financial standing, the limitation under this paragraph may be increased, up to 250% of the Bank’s unimpaired subscribed capital, reserves and retained earnings included in its ordinary resources.2.The amount of the Bank’s disbursed equity investments shall not at any time exceed an amount corresponding to its total unimpaired paid-in subscribed capital and general reserves.Article 13 Operating PrinciplesThe operations of the Bank shall be conducted in accordance with the principles set out below.1.The Bank shall be guided by sound banking principles in its o perations.2.The operations of the Bank shall provide principally for the financing of specific projects or specific investment programs, for equity investment, and for technical assistance in accordance with Article 15.3.The Bank shall not finance any undertaking in the territory of a member if that member objects to such financing.4.The Bank shall ensure that each of its operations complies with the Bank’s operational and financial policies, including without limitation, policies addressing environmental and social impacts.5.In considering an application for financing, the Bank shall pay due regard to the ability of the recipient to obtain financing or facilities elsewhere on terms and conditions that the Bank considers reasonable for the recipient, taking into account all pertinent factors.6.In providing or guaranteeing financing, the Bank shall pay due regard to the prospects that the recipient and guarantor, if any, will be in a position to meet their obligations under the financing contract.7.In providing or guaranteeing financing, the financial terms, such as rate of interest and other charges and the schedule for repayment of principal shall be such as are, in the opinion of the Bank, appropriate for the financing concerned and the risk to the Bank.8.The Bank shall place no restriction upon the procurement of goods and services from any country from the proceeds of any financing undertaken in the ordinary or special operations of the Bank.9.The Bank shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the proceeds of any financing provided, guaranteed or participated in by the Bank are used only for the purposes for which the financing was granted and with due attention to considerations of economy and efficiency.10.The Bank shall pay due regard to the desirability of avoiding a disproportionate amount of its resources being used for the benefit of any member.11.The Bank shall seek to maintain reasonable diversification in its investments in equity capital. In its equity investments, the Bank shall not assume responsibility for managing any entity or enterprise in which it has an investment and shall not seek a controlling interest in the entity or enterprise concerned, except where necessary to safeguard the investment of the Bank.Article 14 Terms and Conditions for Financing1.In the case of loans made or participated in or loans guaranteed by the Bank, the contract shall establish, in conformity with the operating principles set forth in Article 13 and subject to the other provisions of this Agreement, the terms and conditions for the loan or the guarantee concerned. In setting such terms and conditions, the Bank shall take fully into account the need to safeguard its income and financial position.2.Where the recipient of loans or guarantees of loans is not itself a member, the Bank may, when it deems it advisable, require that the member in whose territory the project concerned is to be carried out, or a public agency or any instrumentality of that member acceptable to the Bank, guarantee the repayment of the principal and the payment of interest and other charges on the loan in accordance with the terms thereof.3.The amount of any equity investment shall not exceed such percentage of the equity capital of the entity or enterprise concerned as permitted under policies approved by the Board of Directors.4.The Bank may provide financing in its operations in the currency of the country concerned, in accordance with policies that minimize currency risk. Article 15 Technical Assistance1.The Bank may provide technical advice and assistance and other similar forms of assistance which serve its purpose and come within its functions.2.Where expenditures incurred in furnishing such services are not reimbursable, the Bank shall charge such expenditures to the income of the Bank.CHAPTER IVFINANCES OF THE BANKArticle 16 General PowersIn addition to the powers specified elsewhere in this Agreement, the Bank shall have the powers set out below.1.The Bank may raise funds, through borrowing or other means, in member countries or elsewhere, in accordance with the relevant legal provisions.2.The Bank may buy and sell securities the Bank has issued or guaranteed or in which it has invested.3.The Bank may guarantee securities in which it has invested in order to facilitate their sale.4.The Bank may underwrite, or participate in the underwriting of, securities issued by any entity or enterprise for purposes consistent with the purpose of the Bank.5.The Bank may invest or deposit funds not needed in its operations.6.The Bank shall ensure that every security issued or guaranteed by the Bank shall bear on its face a conspicuous statement to the effect that it is not an obligation of any Government, unless it is in fact the obligation of a particular Government, in which case it shall so state.7.The Bank may establish and administer funds held in trust for other parties, provided such trust funds are designed to serve the purpose and come within the functions of the Bank, under a trust fund framework which shall have been approved by the Board of Governors.8.The Bank may establish subsidiary entities which are designed to serve the purpose and come within the functions of the Bank, only with the approval of the Board of Governors by a Special Majority vote as provided in Article 28.9.The Bank may exercise such other powers and establish such rules and regulations as may be necessary or appropriate in furtherance of its purpose and functions, consistent with the provisions of this Agreement.Article 17 Special Funds1.The Bank may accept Special Funds which are designed to serve the purpose and come within the functions of the Bank; such Special Funds shall be resources of the Bank. The full cost of administering any Special Fund shall be charged to that Special Fund.2.Special Funds accepted by the Bank may be used on terms and conditions consistent with the purpose and functions of the Bank and with the agreement relating to such Funds.3.The Bank shall adopt such special rules and regulations as may be required for the establishment, administration and use of each Special Fund. Such rules and regulations shall be consistent with the provisions of this Agreement, except for those provisions expressly applicable only to ordinary operations of the Bank.4.The term "Special Funds resources" shall refer to the resources of any Special Fund and shall include:(i)funds accepted by the Bank for inclusion in any Special Fund;(ii)funds received in respect of loans or guarantees, and the proceeds of any equity investments, financed from the resources of any Special Fund which, under the rules and regulations of the Bank governing that Special Fund, are received by such Special Fund;(iii)income derived from investment of Special Funds resources; and(iv)any other resources placed at the disposal of any Special Fund.Article 18 Allocation and Distribution of Net Income1.The Board of Governors shall determine at least annually what part of the net income of the Bank shall be allocated, after making provision for reserves, to retained earnings or other purposes and what part, if any, shall be distributed to the members. Any such decision on the allocation of the Bank’s net income to other purposes shall be taken by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28.2.The distribution referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be made in proportion to the number of shares held by each member, and payments shall be made in such manner and in such currency as the Board of Governors shall determine.Article 19 Currencies1.Members shall not impose any restrictions on currencies, including the receipt, holding, use or transfer by the Bank or by any recipient from the Bank, for payments in any country.2.Whenever it shall become necessary under this Agreement to value any currency in terms of another or determine whether any currency is convertible, such valuation or determination shall be made by the Bank.Article 20 Methods of Meeting Liabilities of the Bank1.In the Bank’s ordi nary operations, in cases of arrears or default on loans made, participated in, or guaranteed by the Bank, and in cases of losses on equity investment or other types of financing under sub-paragraph 2 (vi) of Article 11, the Bank shall take such action as it deems appropriate. The Bank shall maintain appropriate provisions against possible losses.2.Losses arising in the Bank’s ordinary operations shall be charged:(i)first, to the provisions referred to in paragraph 1 above;(ii)second, to net income;(iii)third, against reserves and retained earnings;(iv)fourth, against unimpaired paid-in capital; and(v)last, against an appropriate amount of the uncalled subscribed callable capital which shall be called in accordance with the provisions of paragraph3 of Article 6.Article 21 StructureCHAPTER V GOVERNANCEThe Bank shall have a Board of Governors, a Board of Directors, a President, one or more Vice-Presidents, and such other officers and staff as may be considered necessary.Article 22 Board of Governors: Composition1.Each member shall be represented on the Board of Governors and shall appoint one Governor and one Alternate Governor. Each Governor and Alternate Governor shall serve at the pleasure of the appointing member. No Alternate Governor may vote except in the absence of his principal.2.At each of its annual meetings, the Board shall elect one of the Governors as Chairman who shall hold office until the election of the next Chairman.ernors and Alternate Governors shall serve as such without remuneration from the Bank, but the Bank may pay them reasonable expenses incurred in attending meetings.Article 23 Board of Governors: Powers1.All the powers of the Bank shall be vested in the Board of Governors.2.The Board of Governors may delegate to the Board of Directors any or all its powers, except the power to:(i)admit new members and determine the conditions of their admission; (ii)increase or decrease the authorized capital stock of the Bank;(iii)suspend a member;(iv)decide appeals from interpretations or applications of this Agreement given by the Board of Directors;(v)elect the Directors of the Bank and determine the expenses to be paid for Directors and Alternate Directors and remuneration, if any, pursuant to paragraph 6 of Article 25;(vi)elect the President, suspend or remove him from office, and determine his remuneration and other conditions of service;(vii)approve, after reviewing the auditors’ report, the general balance sheet and the statement of profit and loss of the Bank;(viii)determine the reserves and the allocation and distribution of the net profits of the Bank;(ix)amend this Agreement;。
亚洲基础设施投资银行
亚洲基础设施投资银行一、背景1、概念界定：亚洲基础设施投资银行（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ,简称亚投行,AIIB）是一个政府间性质的亚洲区域多边开发机构，重点支持基础设施建设，总部设在。
亚投行法定资本1000亿美元。
亚洲基础设施投资银行主要业务是援助亚太地区国家的基础设施建设。
在全面投入运营后，亚洲基础设施投资银行将运用一系列支持方式为亚洲各国的基础设施项目提供融资支持——包括贷款、股权投资以及提供担保等，以振兴包括交通、能源、电信、农业和城市发展在的各个行业投资。
2、发展历程：2013年10月2日，主席提出筹建倡议2014年10月24日，包括中国、印度、新加坡等在21个首批意向创始成员国的财长和授权代表在签约，共同决定成立亚洲基础设施投资银行2015年3月12日，英国正式申请加入亚投行，成为首个申请加入亚投行主要西方国家2015年3月17 0,法国、徳国、意大利也申请作为意向创始成员国加入亚投行2015年3月18日，欧洲最富的卢森堡确认申请加入亚投行，成为第5个申请加入亚投行的欧洲国家2015年3月24日，澳大利亚已同意加入亚洲基础设施投资银行。
2015年3月24日，奥地利政府决定申请加入亚投行。
3、创立背景：首先，亚洲地区作为世界上最有经济活力和潜力的地区，需要大量的资金进行基础设施建设。
根据亚洲开发银行的测算，从现在到2020年这段时期，亚洲地区每年基础设施投资需求将达到7300亿美元，现有的世界银行、亚行等国际多边机构都没有办法满足这个资金的需求。
同时，由于基础设施投资的资金需求量大、实施的周期很长、收入流不确定等的因素，私人部门大量投资于基础设施的项目是有难度的。
其次，亚洲地区其实并不缺乏资金，缺少的只是融资机制，需要搭建一个专门的基础设DOC专业施投融资平台，以充分利用本地区充裕的储蓄。
金立群称，亚投行将和现有的多边开发银行合作，撬动私营部门的资金，合理分担风险，利益共享，促进亚洲基础设施的建设。
亚投行简介中英文
中国将举办亚洲基础设施投资银行（以下简称亚投行）的签字仪式。这一新成立的国际金融机构将成为世界银行和亚洲发展银行的竞争对手。 the bank's initial capital.
57个国家的代表 Germany, Australia and South Korea are among the founding members. 英国、德国、澳大利亚和韩国都是创办会员国。
美国对这一新机构的管理标准提出质疑，认为这是中国“软实力”的扩张。 The AIIB, which was created in October by 21 countries, led by China, will fund 去年10月，在中国的主导下，21个国家创立了亚投行。它将为亚洲的能源、交通和基础设施项目提供资金。
It is one of several institutions China has created to push its own economic agenda, largely driven by frustration over its lack of influence in the big global financial institutions such as the World Bank, says the BBC's Martin Patience in Beijing.
亚投行英文介绍
The Introduction of AIIBThe Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (English: Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, referred to as "the Investment Bank, abbreviations: AIIB) is an intergovernmental nature of Asian regional multilateral development agencies, key support Infrastructure construction, headquartered in Beijing.The statutory capital of $100 billion to investment Banks.On the afternoon of October 2, 2013, Chinese President xi jinping held talks with Indonesian President susilo bambang yudhoyono, in Jakarta, to promote the construction of connectivity and the region economic integration process, China proposes that the preparation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), to the region, including the asean countries, Infrastructure construction financing in developing countries.On October 24, 2014, including China, India, Singapore and so on, 21 first intention founding member of finance ministers and authorized representatives signed in Beijing, jointly decided to set up the Asian infrastructure investment bank.On March 12, 2015, the United Kingdom to China submitted as founding member to join the Asian infrastructure investment bank confirmation letter, formally applied to join the investment bank, became the first applied to join the investment bank of the main westerncountries.Founded backgroundIn October 2013, Mr Xi and Mr Li, chairman of the prime minister has also in southeast Asia during the preparation and the initiative of investment Banks is proposed.China put forward the initiative of the preparation of investment Banks widely support, many countries responded positively.Since the beginning of 2014, led by China and Asian domain inside and outside country wide communication.After several rounds of multilateral consultations, each domain intention founding members agreed to the memo.The Asian infrastructure investment bank (AIIB) will work with existing multilateral development Banks outside, complement each other, and jointly promote stable economic development in Asia.Create meaningThe Asian infrastructure investment bank (AIIB) will not only strengthen economic growth engine of infrastructure construction, will also improve the utilization efficiency of capital Asia and contribution to the regional development level.Infrastructure investment is the basis of economic growth, huge potential in all kinds of business investment,strong growth driving force."Research how to Asia's high savings into investment" will be the preparation of the Asian infrastructure investment bank, one of the tasks.China advocates the preparation of the Asian infrastructure investment bank (AIIB), on the one hand, can continue to promote the international monetary fund (IMF) and the world bank (WB) further reform, on the other hand also supplement the current Asian development bank (ADB) in the asia-pacific region investment and financing and international aid functions.The establishment of the Asian infrastructure investment bank (AIIB), will make up for the Asian developing countries a huge gap exists in the field of infrastructure investment, reduce capital outflows in Asia, investment in Asia "vigor and growth".The Asian infrastructure investment bank (AIIB) is the proposed the brics development Banks (NDB), the sco development bank, China tried to dominate another step in the international financial system.It also reflects the Chinese attempt in the diplomatic strategy to bring into full play the power of capital in international finance.More worth lookingforward to is the Asian infrastructure investment bank will probably become the system guarantee of the internationalisation of the renminbi, convenient yuan "sea".On April 10, 2014, the People's Republic of China ministry of finance minister Lou boao BBS, under the mechanism of investment bank, the People's Republic of China will also promote the establishment of a trust fund investment in infrastructure, full acceptance of social capital.Lou jiwei said that investment in infrastructure in the case of the current economic downturn has special practical significance."Now need $2 million of infrastructure investment in the United States, Europe and Asia is no different."Asian, he thought, lack of infrastructure construction mobilization ability, therefore, "we are preparing the Asian infrastructure investment bank (AIIB), has now set up mechanism and held two meetings."China on October 24, 2014 formally established the Asian infrastructure investment Bank for $50 billion (AIIB), the World Bank (World Bank), and other global financial institutions will be challenged, these institutions are thought to have dominated by America and its Allies.However, only more than 20 economies (most of the smaller) will beheld in Beijing ceremony as founding members of the bank, after lobbying in Washington not to participate in various countries.India will be the only one in the great hall of the people involved in signing big economies.Other participating countries including Mongolia, uzbekistan, kazakhstan, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar and the association of south-east Asian nations (asean) except Indonesia all member states.On October 24, 2014, including China, India, Singapore, the first batch of 21 intention founding member finance ministers and authorized representatives signed in Beijing, jointly decided to set up the Asian infrastructure investment bank (AIIB).The first signIncluding China, India, Singapore and so on, 21 ministers and authorized representative of the first intention founding member on October 24, 2014 at the great hall of the people in Beijing signing, jointly decided to set up the Asian infrastructure investment bank (AIIB), marks the Chinese initiative set up new Asian regional multilateral development agencies of the preparation will enter a new stage.On the same day, formally signed the memorandum on the preparation of investment Banks of countries including Bangladesh, brunei, Cambodia, China, India, kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, uzbekistan and Vietnam.New membersIn January 2015, the existing intention founding member agreed that New Zealand officially become the Asian infrastructure investment bank (AIIB) intention founding member.As of January 13, 2015, the investment intention to 26 founding members, including Bangladesh, brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, maldives, Malaysia, Mongolia, myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, tajikistan, uzbekistan and Saudi Arabia.China announced that the Treasury 13, Saudi Arabia and tajikistan to officially become the Asian infrastructure investment bank (AIIB) intention founding member.In March 2015, submitted to the Chinese in the UK as a founding member states to join the Asian infrastructure investment bank (hereinafter referred to as the Banks) confirmation, formally applied to join the investment bank.China is according to solicit opinions from the existing intention founding member of the multilateral process.If all goes well, the British in the end of march will became the investment intentionfounding member.The investment intention founding 27 member states, including Bangladesh, brunei, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Jordan, kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, maldives, Malaysia, Mongolia, myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, tajikistan, uzbekistan, Thailand and Vietnam.。
亚投行 更新版
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加入亚投行，可分享亚洲经济成长的成果。
在世界经济复苏仍然乏力的情况下，亚洲是全球最具 发展活力和潜力的地区，在这个充满活力的地区进行 投资，显然“有利可图”。
亚投行——亚洲国家
改善基础设施，正是亚洲国家迫切的愿望。亚洲经济 占全球经济总量的 1/3，是当今世界最具经济活力和增 长潜力的地区，拥有全球六成人口。一些国家铁路、 公路、桥梁、港口、机场和通讯等基础建设严重不足， 这在很大程度上限制了该区域的经济发展。 除了美国操控的否决权和投票权外，世行和 IMF 的贷 款也广为发展中国家诟病。 贷款条件如要求信贷国家采取私有化、对外开放、货 币自由兑换、财政紧缩、降低赤字率等侵犯主权的条 款，甚至打包人权条款，使得很多发展中多家并不愿 意接受。
目
录
基本介绍 建立背景
版图分布 对世界的影响 成果展示
什么是亚投行？
中文名：亚洲基础设施投资银行
外文名：Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 中文简称：亚投行 英文简称：AIIB 总部：中国北京
创始成员国：57
驻地地址：北京西城区金融街
亚投行是做什么的？
作为由中国提出创建的区域性金融机构，亚洲基础设
自 2016 年成立以来，亚投行成绩斐然，发放贷款总 额约 17.3 亿美元，共支持巴基斯坦、孟加拉国、塔 吉克斯坦、印度尼西亚、缅甸、阿塞拜疆和阿曼7个 国家9个基础设施项目的建设。
2017 年亚投行将逐步扩大贷款投资规模，改善借款 国的城市设施、交通、能源供给能力和使用效率， 推进国际产能合作，促进区域互联互通。通过项目 投资将人、服务和市场连接起来，满足亚洲各国日 益增长的基础设施需求，从而促进亚洲经济与社会 稳定发展。
亚投行解读课件英文版可编辑PPT模板
精品课件
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The bank was proposed by China in 2013 and the initiative launched at a ceremony in Beijing in October 2014. The bank was proposed as an initiative by the government of China and supported by 37 regional and 20 non-regional members Prospective Founding Members, 51 of which have signed the Articles of Agreement that form the legal basis for the proposed bank.
4. Strengthen china’s Power of regulations
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03 Part Three Attitudes of the parties to the AIIB
精品课件
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What does USA think？
The US believes that the global financial order by IMF, WB and ADB Co-starring has been enough.
精品课件
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The investment direction of AIIB
The first target of AIIB is the investment of Silk Road Economic Belt, one of them is the railway construction from Beijing to Baghdad
AIIB 英文版
Operation mechanism
Goverance mode: Joint-stock Banks Business positioning:Quasi-commercial
AIIB
General business
The board of directiors Bank headquarters
AIIB
German Finance Minister Wolfgang Sch äuble stated, "We want to contribute our long-standing experience with international financial institutions to the creation of the new bank by setting high standards and helping the bank to get a high international reputation". British chancellor of the exchequer Mr Osborne stated ,"Joining the AIIB at the founding stage will create an unrivalled opportunity for the UK and Asia to invest and grow together" .
The reaction 1 2 3 4
The United States
The European Union Japan
The European Union
IMF , World bank
AIIB
The United States' officials have expressed concerns about whether the AIIB would have high standards of governance, and whether it would have environmental and social safeguards. A senior Obama administration official quoted by the paper said the Treasury Department had concluded that the new bank would fail to meet environmental standards,procurement requirements and other safeguards.
亚洲基础设施投资银行资料
一、创立背景
• 8万亿美元中，68%用于新增基础 设施的投资，32%是维护或维修现 有基础设施所需资金。
• 现有的多边机构并不能提供如此巨 额的资金，亚洲开发银行的总资金 约为1600亿美元，世界银行也仅有 2230亿美元，两家银行目前每年能 够提供给亚洲国家的资金大概只有 区区200亿美元，都没有办法满足 这个资金的需求。由于基础设施投 资的资金需求量大、实施的周期很 长、收入流不确定等的因素，私人 部门大量投资于基础设施的项目是 有难度的。
目录
1 创立背景
2 主要成员
3 投资方向
4 定位
目录
5 运行机制
6 各方反应
7 创立意义
8 国际影响
亚洲基础设施投资银行
• 中文名 亚洲基础设施投资银行 Bank
外文名 Asian Infrastructure Investment
• 中文简称 亚投行
英文简称 AIIB
• 区域 亚洲
性质 区域性政府间国际组织
• 另一方面，中国已成为世界第三大 对外投资国，中国对外投资2012年 同比增长17.6%，创下了878亿美 元的新高。而且，经过30多年的发 展和积累，中国在基础设施装备制 造方面已经形成完整的产业链，同 时在公路、桥梁、隧道、铁路等方 面的工程建造能力在世界上也已经 是首屈一指。
• 中国基础设施建设的相关产业期望 更快地走向国际。但亚洲经济体之 间难以利用各自所具备的高额资本 存量优势，缺乏有效的多边合作机 制，缺乏把资本转化为基础设施建 设的投资。
四、定位
• 中国发起设立亚投行的宗旨，应该是通过亚洲基础设施建设这一平台 引导国际金融体制改革的正确方向，促进国内国际金融体制改革与经 济增长方式转变。因此，中国决不可以放弃亚投行的领导权与主导权。 中国对亚投行的领导权、主导权、对亚投行机制设计运行规则的制定 权除了来源于策划倡议筹建组织权与控股权以及在此基础上的人事安 排优先权以外，最主要的来源于比其他国家优越的对亚投行的理念、 定位、机制、运行模式的顶层设计。
AIIB亚投行英语ppt
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Discussions
• 4 groups • 4 students/group
5/3/2015
Why did China plan to establish the AIIB?
Strategy of Renminbi Internationalization Investment of “One Belt, One Road” ……
About AIIB
• Kelly
What is AIIB?
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Reactions
• The US rejected the offer and then lobbied its allies, including Australia, South Korea, the UK and other European states, not to join. • But much to the US’ chagrin（气愤、懊恼）, in recent weeks, developed nations including the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Switzerland, have agreed to participate. Australia and Denmark have filed their applications. South Korea also announced its decision to apply before the deadline and expects to be a founding member of the bank, Reuters reported. • ——from 21st Century published 2015-04-03
亚洲基础设施投资银行(亚投行)协定英文版 - Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank(AIIB)
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Articles of AgreementThe countries on whose behalf the present Agreement is signed agree as follows:CONSIDERING the importance of regional cooperation to sustain growth and promote economic and social development of the economies in Asia and thereby contribute to regional resilience against potential financial crises and other external shocks in the context of globalization;ACKNOWLEDGING the significance of infrastructure development in expanding regional connectivity and improving regional integration, thereby promoting economic growth and sustaining social development for the people in Asia, and contributing to global economic dynamism;REALIZING that the considerable long-term need for financing infrastructure development in Asia will be met more adequately by a partnership among existing multilateral development banks and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (hereinafter referred to as the “Bank”);CONVINCED that the establishment of the Bank as a multilateral financial institution focused on infrastructure development will help to mobilize much needed additional resources from inside and outside Asia and to remove the financing bottlenecks faced by the individual economies in Asia, and will complement the existing multilateral development banks, to promote sustained and stable growth in Asia;HAVE AGREED to establish the Bank, which shall operate in accordance with the following:Chapter IPURPOSE, FUNCTIONS AND MEMBERSHIPArticle 1 Purpose1. The purpose of the Bank shall be to: (i) foster sustainable economic development, create wealth and improve infrastructure connectivity in Asia by investing in infrastructure and other productive sectors; and (ii) promote regional cooperation and partnership in addressing development challenges by working in close collaboration with other multilateral and bilateral development institutions.2. Wherever used i n this Agreement, references to “Asia” and “region” shall include the geographical regions and composition classified as Asia and Oceania by the United Nations, except as otherwise decided by the Board of Governors. Article 2 FunctionsTo implement its purpose, the Bank shall have the following functions: (i) to promote investment in the region of public and private capital fordevelopment purposes, in particular for development of infrastructure and other productive sectors;(ii) to utilize the resources at its disposal for financing such development in the region, including those projects and programs which will contributemost effectively to the harmonious economic growth of the region as awhole and having special regard to the needs of less developed members in the region;(iii) to encourage private investment in projects, enterprises and activities contributing to economic development in the region, in particular ininfrastructure and other productive sectors, and to supplement privateinvestment when private capital is not available on reasonable terms andconditions; and(iv) to undertake such other activities and provide such other services as may further these functions.Article 3 Membership1. Membership in the Bank shall be open to members of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or the Asian Development Bank.(a) Regional members shall be those members listed in Part A ofSchedule A and other members included in the Asia region inaccordance with paragraph 2 of Article 1. All other members shallbe non-regional members.(b) Founding Members shall be those members listed in Schedule Awhich, on or before the date specified in Article 57, shall have signedthis Agreement and shall have fulfilled all other conditions ofmembership before the final date specified under paragraph 1 ofArticle 58.2. Members of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or the Asian Development Bank which do not become members in accordance with Article 58 may be admitted, under such terms and conditions as the Bank shall determine, to membership in the Bank by a Special Majority vote of the Board of Governors as provided in Article 28.3. In the case of an applicant which is not sovereign or not responsible for the conduct of its international relations, application for membership in the Bank shall be presented or agreed by the member of the Bank responsible for its international relations.CHAPTER IICAPITALArticle 4 Authorized Capital1. The authorized capital stock of the Bank shall be one hundred billion United States dollars ($100,000,000,000), divided into one million (1,000,000) shares having a par value of 100,000 dollars ($100,000) each, which shall be available for subscription only by members in accordance with the provisions of Article 5.2. The original authorized capital stock shall be divided into paid-in shares and callable shares. Shares having an aggregate par value of twenty billion dollars ($20,000,000,000) shall be paid-in shares, and shares having an aggregate par value of eighty billion dollars ($80,000,000,000) shall be callable.3. The authorized capital stock of the Bank may be increased by the Board of Governors by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28, at such time and under such terms and conditions as it may deem advisable, including the proportion between paid-in and callable shares.4. The term “dollar” and the symbol “$” wherever used in this Agreement shall be understood as being the official currency of payment of the United States of America.Article 5 Subscription of Shares1. Each member shall subscribe to shares of the capital stock of the Bank. Each subscription to the original authorized capital stock shall be for paid-in shares and callable shares in the proportion two (2) to eight (8). The initial number of shares available to be subscribed by countries which become members in accordance with Article 58 shall be that set forth in Schedule A.2. The initial number of shares to be subscribed by countries which are admitted to membership in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 3 shall be determined by the Board of Governors; provided, however, that no such subscription shall be authorized which would have the effect of reducing the percentage of capital stock held by regional members below seventy-five (75) per cent of the total subscribed capital stock, unless otherwise agreed by the Board of Governors by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28.3. The Board of Governors may, at the request of a member, increase the subscription of such member on such terms and conditions as the Board may determine by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28; provided, however, that no such increase in the subscription of any member shall be authorized which would have the effect of reducing the percentage of capital stock held by regional members below seventy-five (75) per cent of the total subscribed capital stock, unless otherwise agreed by the Board of Governors by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28.4. The Board of Governors shall at intervals of not more than five (5) years review the capital stock of the Bank. In case of an increase in the authorized capital stock, each member shall have a reasonable opportunity to subscribe, under such terms and conditions as the Board of Governors shall determine, to a proportion of the increase of stock equivalent to the proportion which its stock theretofore subscribed bears to the total subscribed capital stock immediately prior to such increase. No member shall be obligated to subscribe to any part of an increase of capital stock.Article 6 Payment of Subscriptions1. Payment of the amount initially subscribed by each Signatory to this Agreement which becomes a member in accordance with Article 58 to the paid-in capital stock of the Bank shall be made in five (5) installments, of twenty (20) per cent each of such amount, except as provided in paragraph 5 of this Article. The first installment shall be paid by each member within thirty (30) days after entry into force of this Agreement, or on or before the date of deposit on its behalf of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 58, whichever is later. The second installment shall become due one (1) year from the entry into force of this Agreement. The remaining three (3) installments shall become due successively one (1) year from the date on which the preceding installment becomes due.2. Each installment of the payment of initial subscriptions to the original paid-in capital stock shall be paid in dollars or other convertible currency, except as provided in paragraph 5 of this Article. The Bank may at any time convert such payments into dollars. All rights, including voting rights, acquired in respect of paid-in and associated callable shares for which such payments are due but have not been received shall be suspended until full payment is received by the Bank.3. Payment of the amount subscribed to the callable capital stock of the Bank shall be subject to call only as and when required by the Bank to meet its liabilities. In the event of such a call, payment may be made at the option of the member in dollars or in the currency required to discharge the obligations of the Bank for the purpose of which the call is made. Calls on unpaid subscriptions shall be uniform in percentage on all callable shares.4. The Bank shall determine the place for any payment under this Article, provided that, until the inaugural meeting of the Board of Governors, the payment of the first installment referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be made to the Government of the People’s Republic of China, as Trustee for the Bank.5. A member considered as a less developed country for purposes of this paragraph may pay its subscription under paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, as an alternative, either:(a) entirely in dollars or other convertible currency in up to ten (10)installments, with each such installment equal to ten (10) percent ofthe total amount, the first and second installments due as providedin paragraph 1, and the third through tenth installments due on thesecond and subsequent anniversary dates of the entry into force ofthis Agreement; or(b) with a portion in dollars or other convertible currency and a portionof up to fifty (50) per cent of each installment in the currency of themember, following the schedule of installments provided inparagraph 1 of this Article. The following provisions shall apply topayments under this sub-paragraph (b):(i) The member shall advise the Bank at the time of subscriptionunder paragraph 1 of this Article of the proportion ofpayments to be made in its own currency.(ii) Each payment of a member in its own currency under this paragraph 5 shall be in such amount as the Bank determinesto be equivalent to the full value in terms of dollars of theportion of the subscription being paid. The initial paymentshall be in such amount as the member considers appropriatehereunder but shall be subject to such adjustment, to beeffected within ninety (90) days of the date on which suchpayment was due, as the Bank shall determine to be necessaryto constitute the full dollar equivalent of such payment.(iii) Whenever in the opinion of the Bank, the foreign exchange value of a member's currency has depreciated to a significantextent, that member shall pay to the Bank within a reasonabletime an additional amount of its currency required to maintainthe value of all such currency held by the Bank on account ofits subscription.(iv) Whenever in the opinion of the Bank, the foreign exchange value of a member's currency has appreciated to a significantextent, the Bank shall pay to that member within a reasonabletime an amount of that currency required to adjust the valueof all such currency held by the Bank on account of itssubscription.(v) The Bank may waive its rights to payment under sub-paragraph (iii) and the member may waive its rights topayment under sub-paragraph (iv).6. The Bank shall accept from any member paying its subscription under sub-paragraph 5 (b) of this Article promissory notes or other obligations issued by the Government of the member, or by the depository designated by such member, in lieu of the amount to be paid in the currency of the member, provided such amount is not required by the Bank for the conduct of its operations. Such notes or obligations shall be non-negotiable, non-interest-bearing, and payable to the Bank at par value upon demand.Article 7 Terms of Shares1. Shares of stock initially subscribed by members shall be issued at par. Other shares shall be issued at par unless the Board of Governors by a Special Majority vote as provided in Article 28 decides in special circumstances to issue them on other terms.2. Shares of stock shall not be pledged or encumbered in any manner whatsoever, and they shall be transferable only to the Bank.3. The liability of the members on shares shall be limited to the unpaid portion of their issue price.4. No member shall be liable, by reason of its membership, for obligations of the Bank.Article 8 Ordinary ResourcesAs used in this Agreement, the term "ordinary resources" of the Bank shall include the following:(i) authorized capital stock of the Bank, including both paid-in and callableshares, subscribed pursuant to Article 5;(ii) funds raised by the Bank by virtue of powers conferred by paragraph 1 of Article 16, to which the commitment to calls provided for in paragraph 3 of Article 6 is applicable;(iii) funds received in repayment of loans or guarantees made with the resources indicated in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) of this Article or as returns on equity investments and other types of financing approved under sub-paragraph 2 (vi) of Article 11 made with such resources;(iv) income derived from loans made from the aforementioned funds or from guarantees to which the commitment to calls set forth in paragraph 3 of Article 6 is applicable; and(v) any other funds or income received by the Bank which do not form part of its Special Funds resources referred to in Article 17 of this Agreement.CHAPTER IIIOPERATIONS OF THE BANKArticle 9 Use of ResourcesThe resources and facilities of the Bank shall be used exclusively to implement the purpose and functions set forth, respectively, in Articles 1 and 2, and in accordance with sound banking principles.Article 10 Ordinary and Special Operations1. The operations of the Bank shall consist of:(i) ordinary operations financed from the ordinary resources of the Bank,referred to in Article 8; and(ii) special operations financed from the Special Funds resources referred to in Article 17.The two types of operations may separately finance elements of the same project or program.2. The ordinary resources and the Special Funds resources of the Bank shall at all times and in all respects be held, used, committed, invested or otherwise disposed of entirely separately from each other. The financial statements of the Bank shall show the ordinary operations and special operations separately.3. The ordinary resources of the Bank shall, under no circumstances, be charged with, or used to discharge, losses or liabilities arising out of special operations or other activities for which Special Funds resources were originally used or committed.4. Expenses appertaining directly to ordinary operations shall be charged to the ordinary resources of the Bank. Expenses appertaining directly to special operations shall be charged to the Special Funds resources. Any other expenses shall be charged as the Bank shall determine.Article 11 Recipients and Methods of Operation1. (a) The Bank may provide or facilitate financing to any member, or any agency, instrumentality or political subdivision thereof, or any entity or enterprise operating in the territory of a member, as well as to international or regional agencies or entities concerned with economic development of the region.(b) The Bank may, in special circumstances, provide assistance to a recipient not listed in sub-paragraph (a) above only if the Board of Governors, by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28: (i) shall have determined that such assistance is designed to serve the purpose and come within the functions of the Bank and is in the interest of the Bank’s membership; and (ii) shall have specified the types of assistance under paragraph 2 of this Article that may be provided to such recipient.2. The Bank may carry out its operations in any of the following ways:(i) by making, co-financing or participating in direct loans;(ii) by investment of funds in the equity capital of an institution or enterprise; (iii) by guaranteeing, whether as primary or secondary obligor, in whole or in part, loans for economic development;(iv) by deploying Special Funds resources in accordance with the agreements determining their use;(v) by providing technical assistance in accordance with Article 15; or (vi) through other types of financing as may be determined by the Board of Governors, by a Special Majority vote as provided in Article 28.Article 12 Limitations on Ordinary Operations1. The total amount outstanding of loans, equity investments, guarantees and other types of financing provided by the Bank in its ordinary operations under sub-paragraphs 2 (i), (ii), (iii) and (vi) of Article 11 shall not at any time be increased, if by such increase the total amount of its unimpaired subscribed capital, reserves and retained earnings included in its ordinary resources would be exceeded. Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding sentence, the Board of Governors may, by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28, determine at any time that, based on the Bank’s financial position and financial standing, the limitation under this paragraph may be increased, up to 250% of the Bank’s unimpair ed subscribed capital, reserves and retained earnings included in its ordinary resources.2. The amount of the Bank’s disbursed equity investments shall not at any time exceed an amount corresponding to its total unimpaired paid-in subscribed capital and general reserves.Article 13 Operating PrinciplesThe operations of the Bank shall be conducted in accordance with the principles set out below.1. The Bank shall be guided by sound banking principles in its operations.2. The operations of the Bank shall provide principally for the financing of specific projects or specific investment programs, for equity investment, and for technical assistance in accordance with Article 15.3. The Bank shall not finance any undertaking in the territory of a member if that member objects to such financing.4. The Bank shall ensure that each of its operations complies with the Bank’s operational and financial policies, including without limitation, policies addressing environmental and social impacts.5. In considering an application for financing, the Bank shall pay due regard to the ability of the recipient to obtain financing or facilities elsewhere on terms and conditions that the Bank considers reasonable for the recipient, taking into account all pertinent factors.6. In providing or guaranteeing financing, the Bank shall pay due regard to the prospects that the recipient and guarantor, if any, will be in a position to meet their obligations under the financing contract.7. In providing or guaranteeing financing, the financial terms, such as rate of interest and other charges and the schedule for repayment of principal shall be such as are, in the opinion of the Bank, appropriate for the financing concerned and the risk to the Bank.8. The Bank shall place no restriction upon the procurement of goods and services from any country from the proceeds of any financing undertaken in the ordinary or special operations of the Bank.9. The Bank shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the proceeds of any financing provided, guaranteed or participated in by the Bank are used only for the purposes for which the financing was granted and with due attention to considerations of economy and efficiency.10. The Bank shall pay due regard to the desirability of avoiding a disproportionate amount of its resources being used for the benefit of any member.11. The Bank shall seek to maintain reasonable diversification in its investments in equity capital. In its equity investments, the Bank shall not assume responsibility for managing any entity or enterprise in which it has an investment and shall not seek a controlling interest in the entity or enterprise concerned, except where necessary to safeguard the investment of the Bank.Article 14 Terms and Conditions for Financing1. In the case of loans made or participated in or loans guaranteed by the Bank, the contract shall establish, in conformity with the operating principles set forth in Article 13 and subject to the other provisions of this Agreement, the terms and conditions for the loan or the guarantee concerned. In setting such terms and conditions, the Bank shall take fully into account the need to safeguard its income and financial position.2. Where the recipient of loans or guarantees of loans is not itself a member, the Bank may, when it deems it advisable, require that the member in whose territory the project concerned is to be carried out, or a public agency or any instrumentality of that member acceptable to the Bank, guarantee the repayment of the principal and the payment of interest and other charges on the loan in accordance with the terms thereof.3. The amount of any equity investment shall not exceed such percentage of the equity capital of the entity or enterprise concerned as permitted under policies approved by the Board of Directors.4. The Bank may provide financing in its operations in the currency of the country concerned, in accordance with policies that minimize currency risk. Article 15 Technical Assistance1. The Bank may provide technical advice and assistance and other similar forms of assistance which serve its purpose and come within its functions.2. Where expenditures incurred in furnishing such services are not reimbursable, the Bank shall charge such expenditures to the income of the Bank.CHAPTER IVFINANCES OF THE BANKArticle 16 General PowersIn addition to the powers specified elsewhere in this Agreement, the Bank shall have the powers set out below.1. The Bank may raise funds, through borrowing or other means, in member countries or elsewhere, in accordance with the relevant legal provisions.2. The Bank may buy and sell securities the Bank has issued or guaranteed or in which it has invested.3. The Bank may guarantee securities in which it has invested in order to facilitate their sale.4. The Bank may underwrite, or participate in the underwriting of, securities issued by any entity or enterprise for purposes consistent with the purpose of the Bank.5. The Bank may invest or deposit funds not needed in its operations.6. The Bank shall ensure that every security issued or guaranteed by the Bank shall bear on its face a conspicuous statement to the effect that it is not an obligation of any Government, unless it is in fact the obligation of a particular Government, in which case it shall so state.7. The Bank may establish and administer funds held in trust for other parties, provided such trust funds are designed to serve the purpose and come within the functions of the Bank, under a trust fund framework which shall have been approved by the Board of Governors.8. The Bank may establish subsidiary entities which are designed to serve the purpose and come within the functions of the Bank, only with the approval of the Board of Governors by a Special Majority vote as provided in Article 28.9. The Bank may exercise such other powers and establish such rules and regulations as may be necessary or appropriate in furtherance of its purpose and functions, consistent with the provisions of this Agreement.Article 17 Special Funds1. The Bank may accept Special Funds which are designed to serve the purpose and come within the functions of the Bank; such Special Funds shall be resources of the Bank. The full cost of administering any Special Fund shall be charged to that Special Fund.2. Special Funds accepted by the Bank may be used on terms and conditions consistent with the purpose and functions of the Bank and with the agreement relating to such Funds.3. The Bank shall adopt such special rules and regulations as may be required for the establishment, administration and use of each Special Fund. Such rules and regulations shall be consistent with the provisions of this Agreement, except for those provisions expressly applicable only to ordinary operations of the Bank.4. The term "Special Funds resources" shall refer to the resources of any Special Fund and shall include:(i) funds accepted by the Bank for inclusion in any Special Fund;(ii) funds received in respect of loans or guarantees, and the proceeds of any equity investments, financed from the resources of any Special Fund which, under the rules and regulations of the Bank governing that Special Fund, are received by such Special Fund;(iii) income derived from investment of Special Funds resources; and(iv) any other resources placed at the disposal of any Special Fund.Article 18 Allocation and Distribution of Net Income1. The Board of Governors shall determine at least annually what part of the net income of the Bank shall be allocated, after making provision for reserves, to retained earnings or other purposes and what part, if any, shall be distributed to the members. Any such decision on the allocation of the Bank’s net income to other purposes shall be taken by a Super Majority vote as provided in Article 28.2. The distribution referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be made in proportion to the number of shares held by each member, and payments shall be made in such manner and in such currency as the Board of Governors shall determine.Article 19 Currencies1. Members shall not impose any restrictions on currencies, including the receipt, holding, use or transfer by the Bank or by any recipient from the Bank, for payments in any country.2. Whenever it shall become necessary under this Agreement to value any currency in terms of another or determine whether any currency is convertible, such valuation or determination shall be made by the Bank.Article 20 Methods of Meeting Liabilities of the Bank1. In the Bank’s ordinary operations, in cases of arrears or default on loans made, participated in, or guaranteed by the Bank, and in cases of losses on equity investment or other types of financing under sub-paragraph 2 (vi) of Article 11, the Bank shall take such action as it deems appropriate. The Bank shall maintain appropriate provisions against possible losses.2. Losses arising in the Bank’s ordinary operations shall be charged:(i) first, to the provisions referred to in paragraph 1 above;(ii) second, to net income;(iii) third, against reserves and retained earnings;(iv) fourth, against unimpaired paid-in capital; and(v) last, against an appropriate amount of the uncalled subscribed callable capital which shall be called in accordance with the provisions of paragraph3 of Article 6.CHAPTER VGOVERNANCEArticle 21 StructureThe Bank shall have a Board of Governors, a Board of Directors, a President, one or more Vice-Presidents, and such other officers and staff as may be considered necessary.Article 22 Board of Governors: Composition1. Each member shall be represented on the Board of Governors and shall appoint one Governor and one Alternate Governor. Each Governor and Alternate Governor shall serve at the pleasure of the appointing member. No Alternate Governor may vote except in the absence of his principal.2. At each of its annual meetings, the Board shall elect one of the Governors as Chairman who shall hold office until the election of the next Chairman.3. Governors and Alternate Governors shall serve as such without remuneration from the Bank, but the Bank may pay them reasonable expenses incurred in attending meetings.Article 23 Board of Governors: Powers1. All the powers of the Bank shall be vested in the Board of Governors.2. The Board of Governors may delegate to the Board of Directors any or all its powers, except the power to:(i) admit new members and determine the conditions of their admission; (ii) increase or decrease the authorized capital stock of the Bank;(iii) suspend a member;(iv) decide appeals from interpretations or applications of this Agreement given by the Board of Directors;(v) elect the Directors of the Bank and determine the expenses to be paid for Directors and Alternate Directors and remuneration, if any, pursuant to paragraph 6 of Article 25;(vi) elect the President, suspend or remove him from office, and determine his remuneration and other conditions of service;(vii) a pprove, after reviewing the auditors’ report, the general balance sheet and the statement of profit and loss of the Bank;(viii) determine the reserves and the allocation and distribution of the net profits of the Bank;(ix) amend this Agreement;。
亚投行(AIIB)英文介绍
维基百科亚投行英文介绍The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a proposed international financial institution which is focused on supporting infrastructure construction in the Asia-Pacific region. The bank was proposed as an initiative by the government of China[5] andsupported by 37 regional and 20 non-regional members Prospective Founding Members,51 of which have signed the Articles of Agreement that form the legal basis for theproposed bank. The bank starts operation after the agreement enters into force, which requires 10 ratifications, holding a total number of 50% of the initial subscritions of the Authorized Capital Stock. Countries with a large GDP that did not become PFM are the US, Japan (which dominated the ADB) and Canada.AIIB is regarded by some as a rival for the IMF, the World Bank and the AsianDevelopment Bank (ADB),[6] which are regarded as dominated by developed countries like the United States.[6] The United Nations has addressed the launch of AIIB as "scaling up financing for sustainable development"[7] for the concern of Global EconomicGovernance.[8]The bank was proposed by China in 2013[9] and the initiative launched at a ceremony in Beijing in October 2014.[10] The Articles of Agreement (AOA) were signed by 50 PFMs on29 June 2015, which become a party to the agreement through ratification. As of July2015, 1 state (Myanmar) has ratified the agreement, formally becoming a foundingmember.[1]Contents[hide]∙ 1 Historyo 1.1 AIIB within PRC policy thinking▪ 1.1.1 Fostering LT economic development▪ 1.1.2 Infrastructure as regional integration and foreign policy tool∙ 2 Legal basis and Membershipo 2.1 Founding Memberso 2.2 non Prospective Founding Members▪ 2.2.1 Dependent territories▪ 2.2.2 Other states∙ 3 Shareholding Structure∙ 4 Management structure∙ 5 Receptiono 5.1 Environmental record∙ 6 See also∙7 References∙8 External linksHistory[edit]The first news reports about the AIIB appeared in October 2013.[11] The Chinese government has been frustrated with what it regards as the slow pace of reforms and governance, and wants greater input in global established institutions like the IMF, World Bank and Asian Development Bank which it claims are dominated by American, European and Japanese interests.[6]In April 2014, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered a keynote speech at the opening of the Boao Forum for Asia and said that China was ready to intensify consultations with relevant parties in and outside Asia on the preparations for the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.[12]The Asian Development Bank Institute published a report in 2010 which said that the region requires $8 trillion to be invested from 2010 to 2020 in infrastructure for the region to continue economic development.[6][13] In a 2014 editorial, The Guardian newspaper wrote that the new bank could allow Chinese capital to finance these projects and allow it a greater role to play in the economic development of the region commensurate with its growing economic and political clout.[14] But until March 2015, China in the ADB has only 5.47 percent voting right, while Japan and US have a combined 26 percent voting right (13 percent each) with a share in subscribed capital of 15.7 percent and 15.6 percent, respectively. Dominance by both countries and slow reforms underlie China's wish to establish the AIIB, while both countries worry about China's increasing influence.[15]In June 2014 China proposed doubling the registered capital of the bank from $50 billion to $100 billion and invited India to participate in the founding of the bank.[16][17] On 24 October 2014, twenty-one countries signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) regarding the AIIB in Beijing, China: Bangladesh, Brunei, Cambodia, China India, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Mongolia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Uzbekistan andVietnam.[18] Indonesia's joining was slightly delayed due to their new presidential administration not being able to review the membership in time.[19] Indonesia signed the MOU on 25 November 2014.The U.S. allegedly tried to keep Australia and South Korea from becoming prospective founding members, after they expressed an interest in it.[20] However, both Australia and South Korea applied to join the bank in March 2015.[21][22][23]Hong Kong's Financial Secretary John Tsang announced in his budget speech in February 2015 that the territory would join the AIIB.[24] It did however not become one of the prospective founding members and negotiated as part of the Chinese delegation.In early March 2015, the United Kingdom's Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, announced that the UK had decided to apply to join the Bank, becoming the first major Western country to do so. The announcement was criticised by the U.S. ObamaAdministration. A US government official told Financial Times, "We are wary about a trend toward constant accommodation of China, which is not the best way to engage a rising power." The official further stated that the British decision was taken after "no consultation with the US."[25] In response, the UK indicated that the subject had been discussed between Chancellor Osborne and US Treasury Secretary Jack Lew for several months preceding the decision. It was further stated that joining the bank as a founding member would allow the UK to influence the development of the institution. By encouraging Chinese investments in the next generations of nuclear power plants, Osborne announced that "the City of London would become the base for the first clearing house for the yuan outside Asia."[26]Following the criticism, the White House National Security Council, in a statement to The Guardian, declared, "Our position on the AIIB remains clear and consistent. The United States and many major global economies all agree there is a pressing need to enhance infrastructure investment around the world. We believe any new multilateral institution should incorporate the high standards of the World Bank and the regional development banks. Based on many discussions, we have concerns about whether the AIIB will meet these high standards, particularly related to governance, and environmental and social safeguards … The international community has a stake in seeing the AIIB complement the existing architecture, and to work effectively alongside the World Bank and Asian Development Bank."[27]Three other European states: Germany, France and Italy – followed the UK's decision to join the AIIB in March. German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble stated, "We want to contribute our long-standing experience with international financial institutions to the creation of the new bank by setting high standards and helping the bank to get a high international reputation."[28] In March 2015, the South Korean Ministry of Strategy and Finance announced that it, too, is planning to join the AIIB, citing its potential in benefiting South Korean companies win deals in infrastructural projects as well expanding South Korea's influence in international banking as a founding member.[29] States could indicate their interest in becoming a Prospective Founding Member until 31 March 2015.Negotiations took place in the framework of 5 Chief Negotiators Meetings (CNMs) which took place between November 2014 and May 2015. The Articles of Agreement, the legal framework of the proposed bank, were concluded in the fifth CNM. It was signed on 29 June 2015 by 50 of the named 57 prospective founding members in Beijing.AIIB within PRC policy thinking[edit]Fostering LT economic development[edit]The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank can be construed as a natural inter-national extension of the infrastructure-driven economic development framework that has sustained the rapid economic growth of China since the adoption of the Chinese economic reform under chairman Deng Xiaoping. It stems from the notion that long-termeconomic growth can only be achieved through massive, systematic, and broad-based investments in infrastructure assets – in contrast with the more short-term "export-driven" and "domestic consumption" development models favored by mainstream Neoclassical economists and pursued inconsiderately by many developing countries in the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century with generally disappointing results.[30][31]Infrastructure as regional integration and foreign policy tool[edit]In his 29 March 2015 speech at the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) annual conference, President Xi Jinping insisted that "the Chinese economy is deeply integrated with the global economy and forms an important driving force of the economy of Asia and even the world at large. […] China's investment opportunities are expanding. Investment opportunities in infrastructure connectivity as well as in new technologies, new products, new business patterns, and new business models are constantly springing up. […] China's foreign cooperation opportunities are expanding. We support the multilateral trading system, devote ourselves to the Doha Round negotiations, advocate theAsia-Pacific free trade zone, promote negotiations on regional comprehensive economic partnership, advocate the construction of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), boost economic and financial cooperation in an all-round manner, and work as an active promoter of economic globalization and regional integration", insisting that the Silk Road Fund and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank would foster "economic connectivity and a new-type of industrialization [in the Asia Pacific area], and [thus] promote the common development of all countries as well as the peoples' joint enjoyment of development fruits".[32]Legal basis and Membership[edit]ArticlesArticles of Agreement of the Asian InfrastructureInvestment BankPotential signatoriesSignatories (regional)Parties (non-regional)Signatories (non-regional)Signed 29 June 2015Location Beijing, ChinaEffective not in forceCondition Ratification by 10 states, comprising 50% of initialsubscriptions of capital stockSignatories 51Parties 1[1]Depositary Government of the People’s Republic of ChinaLanguages Chinese, English (used in disputes) and FrenchThe Articles of Agreement will form the legal basis for the Bank. 57 Prospective Founding Members (PFM) named in annex A of the agreement are eligible to sign and ratify the Articles, thus becoming a member of the Bank. Other states, which are parties tothe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or the Asian Development Bank may become members after approval of their accession by the bank.[33]The Articles were negotiated by the Prospective Founding Members, with Hong Kong joining the negotiations via China.[34][35]Founding Members[edit]The 57 Prospective Founding Members can become Founding Members through:∙Signing the Articles of Agreement in 2015∙Ratifying the Articles of Agreement in 2015 or 2016As of August 2015, 51 states have signed the Articles, one of which has ratified them. Seven countries that signed the founding charter did not sign the Article of Agreement on 29 June.[36][37] The formal actions towards becoming a Founding Member are shown below, as well as the percentage of the votes and of the shares, in the event all prospective founding states become parties, and no other members are accepted.Country (Region) ProspectiveFoundingMemberstatusSignature(Articles)[1]Ratification(Articles)[1]Shares% ofshares%ofvoteCountry (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eAustralia3 April 2015[38]29 June 201536,912 3.76 3.46Austria11 April 2015[39]29 June 20155,008 0.51 0.70Azerbaijan15 April 2015[40]29 June 20152,541 0.26 0.48Banglades h*24 October 201429 June 20156,605 0.67 0.83Brazil12 April 2015[41]29 June 201531,810 3.24 3.02Brunei*24 October 201429 June 2015524 0.05 0.31Cambodia *24 October 201429 June 2015623 0.06 0.32China* (founder)24 October 201429 June 2015297,804 30.34 26.06Denmark12 April 2015[41]3,695 0.38 0.58Country (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eEgypt14 April 2015[42]29 June 20156,505 0.66 0.83Finland12 April 2015[41]29 June 20153,103 0.32 0.53France2 April 2015[43]29 June 201533,756 3.44 3.19Georgia12 April 2015[41]29 June 2015539 0.05 0.31Germany1 April 2015[44]29 June 201544,842 4.57 4.15Iceland15 April 2015[40]29 June 2015176 0.02 0.28India*24 October 201429 June 201583,673 8.52 7.51Indonesia*25 November 2014[19]29 June 201533,607 3.42 3.17Iran 7 April 2015[45]29 June 201515,808 1.61 1.63Country (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eIsrael15 April 2015[40]29 June 20157,499 0.76 0.91Italy2 April 2015[43]29 June 201525,718 2.62 2.49Jordan7 February 201529 June 20151,192 0.12 0.37Kazakhsta n*24 October 201429 June 20157,293 0.74 0.89South Korea11 April 2015[39]29 June 201537,388 3.81 3.50Kuwait24 October 20145,360 0.55 0.73Kyrgyzsta n9 April 2015[46]29 June 2015268 0.03 0.29Laos*24 October 201429 June 2015430 0.04 0.30Luxembou rg27 March 2015[47]29 June 2015697 0.07 0.32Country (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eMalaysia24 October 201421 August 2015[48]1,095 0.11 0.36Maldives31 December 2014[19]29 June 201572 0.01 0.27Malta9 April 2015[46]29 June 2015136 0.01 0.27Mongolia*24 October 201429 June 2015411 0.04 0.30Myanmar*24 October 201429 June 20151 July 2015 2645 0.27 0.49Nepal*24 October 201429 June 2015809 0.08 0.33Netherland s12 April 2015[41]29 June 201510,313 1.05 1.16New Zealand5 January 2015[49]29 June 20154,615 0.47 0.66Norway14 April 2015[42]29 June 20155,506 0.56 0.74Country (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eOman*24 October 201429 June 20152,592 0.26 0.49Pakistan*24 October 201429 June 201510,341 1.05 1.16Philippines24 October 20149,791 1.00 1.11Poland 15 April 2015[40]8,318 0.85 0.98Portugal 15 April 2015[40]29 June 2015650 0.07 0.32Qatar* 24 October 201429 June 20156,044 0.62 0.79Russia 14 April 2015[50]29 June 201565,362 6.66 5.93Saudi Arabia13 January 2015[51]29 June 201525,446 2.59 2.47Singapore *24 October 2014[52]29 June 20152,500 0.25 0.48Country (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eSouth Africa15 April 2015[40]5,905 0.60 0.77Spain 11 April 2015[39]29 June 201517,615 1.79 1.79Sri Lanka* 24 October 201429 June 20152,690 0.27 0.50Sweden 15 April 2015[40]29 June 20156,300 0.64 0.81Switzerlan d28 March 2015[53]29 June 20157,064 0.72 0.87Tajikistan13 January 2015[51]29 June 2015309 0.03 0.29Thailand24 October 2014[52]14,275 1.45 1.50Turkey 10 April 2015[54]29 June 201526,099 2.66 2.52United Arab Emirates5 April 2015[55]29 June 201511,857 1.21 1.29Country (Region)Prospective Founding Member statusSignature (Articles)[1]Ratificati on (Articles)[1]Share s% of share s% of vot eUnited Kingdom28 March 2015[53]29 June 201530,547 3.11 2.91Uzbekista n*24 October 201429 June 20152,198 0.22 0.45Vietnam*24 October 201429 June 20156,633 0.68 0.84Unallocated Shares18,486 – –Grand Total5737 Regional 20non-Regional51 95.17% of shares1 0.27% of shares1,000,000100.00100.00Note: Regional members in blueMember, and the number of shares determines the fraction of autorized capital in the bank.[33][69][70][71]Three categories of votes exist: basic votes, share votes and Founding Member votes. The basic votes are equal for all members and constitute 18% of the total votes, while the share votes are equal to the number of shares. Each Founding Member furthermore gets 600 votes. An overview of the shares, assuming when all 57 Prospective Founding Members have become Founding Members is shown below (values in bold do not depend on the number of members):Vote Type% of Total VotesTotal VotesVote per MemberChina (LargestMaldives (SmallestPFM) PFM)Basic votes 12 138,510 2,430 2,430 2,430 Share votes 85 981,514 Varies 297,804 72FoundingMember votes3 34,200 600 600 600Total 1001,154,224 varies 300,834(26.1%)3,102 (0.3%)Shares and Voting %, in the event all PFM are party, and no new members are accepted, are shown in the table with parties above.Environmental record[edit]As the proposed bank has no management or approved loans, it has no environmental record. Several organizations have however expressed their concerns over environmental policy of the proposed bank because of the high stake of China in the bank's business. Although the proposed bank declared "AIIB will learn from the best practice in the world and adopt international standards of environmental protection", Yuge Ma has argued that this may be complicated in developing Asian countries.[73]∙Boao Forum for Asia∙New Development Bank (BRICS)/NDB BRICS∙Asian Development Bank (ADB)∙World Bank∙International Monetary Fund (IMF)。
亚洲基础设施投资银行_知识点_概述说明
亚洲基础设施投资银行知识点概述说明1. 引言1.1 概述亚洲基础设施投资银行（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank，简称AIIB）是一个国际性金融机构，于2014年成立，总部位于中国北京。
AIIB的成立旨在促进亚洲及其他地区基础设施建设和可持续发展，并为参与国提供多样化的融资方式。
1.2 文章结构本文将围绕亚洲基础设施投资银行展开论述。
首先，将介绍AIIB的成立背景、组织结构以及成员国与参与度等方面内容。
接着，将重点探讨AIIB的投资项目和融资方式，包括重点领域和项目类型、融资方式和条件以及实施情况和成果评估等方面内容。
随后，我们将分析AIIB对世界经济的影响与作用，包括推动区域经济发展带动效应、促进区域一体化进程以及对世界经济增长和稳定性的贡献。
最后，我们将对文章进行总结，并展望亚洲基础设施投资银行未来的发展。
1.3 目的本文旨在全面了解亚洲基础设施投资银行的知识点，包括其成立背景、组织结构、成员国与参与度等方面内容。
通过对AIIB投资项目和融资方式的介绍，我们将深入了解他们的重点领域和项目类型、融资方式和条件以及实施情况和成果评估等相关信息。
此外，我们还将分析亚洲基础设施投资银行对世界经济的影响与作用，探讨其推动区域经济发展带动效应、促进区域一体化进程以及对世界经济增长和稳定性的贡献。
最终，通过本文的总结和展望未来发展，我们将确保读者对亚洲基础设施投资银行有一个深入全面的认识。
2. 亚洲基础设施投资银行2.1 成立背景亚洲基础设施投资银行（Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank，简称AIIB）是一个国际性多边金融机构，成立于2016年。
其成立背景可以追溯到2013年中国国家主席习近平提出的“一带一路”倡议，旨在促进沿线国家之间的基础设施建设和经济合作。
由于传统的国际金融机构对基础设施领域的支持存在不足，因此亚洲基础设施投资银行在填补全球基础设施融资缺口、支持亚洲及其他地区发展具有重要意义。
AIIB亚投行英文简介PPT课件
•
Britain is the first major Western country to apply to become
a member of the bank.
• To some extend, this accelerated Other Europe countries’ application for PFM such as France, Italy and Germany.
Before 2016
Completed
2021/3/25
2015
April13, 2105
47 PFM(意向创始成 员国) and 10 countries and regions applying for PFM
2016
授课：XXX
5
Membership
•As of 13 April 2015, there are 47 Prospective Founding Members (PFM)and 10 countries applying for PFM. Hong Kong joins the delegation of China in the negotiations.
•Prospective Founding Members
There are 32 PFMs in the Asian region, 15 PFMs not in the Asian region.
2021/3/25
授课：XXX
6
PFM which signed the memorandum to build AIIB
Application under consideration
Approved as PFM of AIIB
亚洲投资银行的设立与意义PPT学习教案
创立意义
亚投行是中国走向世界的大战略，属于中国“有所作为”的开创性之举 [26] 。中国的这一“作为”并没有导致中美之间的特殊紧张，却通过获得 越来越多欧亚国家的配合、理解，拓展了中国外交的积极面[26] 。
亚投行的建立可谓好处颇多。第一，它对促进亚洲国家经济发展与区域 经济一体化具有重要意义[3] 。创建亚洲基础设施投资银行，通过公共部 门与私人部门的合作，有效弥补亚洲地区基础设施建设的资金缺口，推 进了亚洲区域经济一体化建设。第二，有利于扩大全球投资需求，支持 世界经济复苏[3] 。第三，有利于通过基础设施项目，推动亚洲地区经济 增长，促进私营经济发展并改善就业[3] 。第四，通过提供平台将本地区 高储蓄率国家的存款直接导向基础设施建设，实现本地区内资本的有效 配置，并最终促进亚洲地区金融市场的迅速发展[3]
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签约仪式
2014年10月24日，包括中国、印度、新 加坡等在内21个首批意向创始成员国的 财长和授权代表在北京正式签署《筹建 亚投行备忘录》，共同决定成立亚洲基 础设施投资银行(AIIB)，标志着这一中 国倡议设立的亚洲区域新多边开发机构 的筹建工作将进入新阶段。
印度是唯一一个在人民大会堂参与签字 的大型经济体。其他参与国还包括蒙古 国、乌兹别克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦、斯里 兰卡、巴基斯坦、尼泊尔、孟加拉国、 阿曼、科威特、卡塔尔以及除印尼之外 的东盟所有成员国。[10]
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谢谢观看
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另一方面，中国已成为世界第三大对外投资国，中国对外投资2012年同比增长17.6%， 创下了878亿美元的新高[3] 。而且，经过30多年的发展和积累，中国在基础设施装备制 造方面已经形成完整的产业链，同时在公路、桥梁、隧道、铁路等方面的工程建造能 力在世界上也已经是首屈一指[3] 。中国基础设施建设的相关产业期望更快地走向国际 [3] 。但亚洲经济体之间难以利用各自所具备的高额资本存量优势，缺乏有效的多边合 作机制，缺乏把资本转化为基础设施建设的投资[3] 。
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region.
6
PFM which signed the memorandum to build AIIB
Approved as PFM of AIIB
Headquarters Beijing, China
Registered capital $100 billion
2
3
Major events
4
Major events
Middle 2015
Negotiations for the bank's articles of agreement will follow
• The United States' officials have expressed concerns about whether the AIIB would have high standards of governance, and whether it would have environmental and social safeguards.
a member of the bank.
• To some extend, this accelerated Other Europe countries’ application for PFM such as France, Italy and Germany.
8
United States – No commitment
Before 2016
Completed
2015
April13, 2105
47 PFM(意向创始成 员国) and 10 countries and regions applying for PFM
2016
5
Membership
•As of 13 April 2015, there are 47 Prospective Founding Members (PFM)and 10 countries applying for PFM. Hong Kong joins the delegation of China in the ne11
12
13
Can help on these domestic prolem
•国内产能过剩 domestic over - capacity •外汇储备过剩 the over-capacity of Foreign exchange reserve •人民币国际化 accelerate the RMB internationalization
After publicly criticizing its allies for
joining the AIIB, the US is now emphasizing that the bank should follow the "high standards" set by other global or regional financial institutions such as WB,IMF,and ADB.
Applying to become PFM of AIIB
Application under consideration
No commitment to participate or rejected
uncommitted
7
•
Britain is the first major Western country to apply to become
• The United States is reported to have used diplomatic pressure to try and prevent key allies, such as Australia, from joining the bank, and expressed disappointment when others, such as Britain, joined.
14
15
16
1
WHAT is AIIB
Full name
亚洲基础设施投资银行Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank ，简称亚投行，AIIB
Characterstics
政府间性质的亚洲区域多边开发机构 International financial institution between governments
•Belgium(比利时), Canada, and Ukraine(乌克兰) are considering joining the AIIB. Colombia, Japan, and the United States have no immediate intention to participate. North Korea and Taiwan were rejected by China to join as a PFM.